CN107567920A - A kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling - Google Patents
A kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107567920A CN107567920A CN201710829753.7A CN201710829753A CN107567920A CN 107567920 A CN107567920 A CN 107567920A CN 201710829753 A CN201710829753 A CN 201710829753A CN 107567920 A CN107567920 A CN 107567920A
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- seedling
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling.Methods described includes Stratificated treatment base anvil seed in January, sowing mid-March, after being cultivated in Small plastic shed, transplants to field, mulch film, the same year August grafting dwarfing interstock are covered between furrow；Second Year spring pruning anvil, making to budder quickly grows up to dwarfing interstock rootstock seedling, and June, bud connect apple variety, cut anvil immediately after connecing, hereafter manages with delicacy until seedling.Compared with correlation technique; the method that rapid scale provided by the invention breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling is bred in a manner of bud connects; particularly carry the first two months and carry out grafting twice so as to which seedling raise period is carried into the previous year; at the same time; carry out the measure such as overlay film, mechanical lifting between the wide ridge cultivation plant of duplicate rows, furrow; have the characteristics that time saving, saving of labor, breeding coefficient height, seedling cost are low, for the fast-developing significant of China's Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling, i.e., adapts to locality using a kind of
The dwarfing interstock of development, connect by bud breed, between furrow the measure such as overlay film, mechanical lifting cultivate dwarfing interstock apple seedling, should
Invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation.
Background technology
China is national as world's cultivated area of the apple maximum, yield highest at present, 2016 according to statistics, world's apple
More than 7,600 ten thousand tons of total output, up to 43,800,000 tons, production and consumption scale accounts for the whole world more than 50% for China.Apple is China producing region
The Important Economic source of peasant, the leading industry shaken off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, by taking Shaanxi as an example, apple income accounts for orchard worker's income within 2016
More than 75%.
At the same time, China's apple production is progressively short to modernizing from traditional tall anvil thin planting, tall anvil dense planting pattern
Change the intensive efficiently production cultivation mode transformation of dense planting, make the country prosperous and change from apple production big country of the world to apple production.Short anvil dense planting
Cultivation is the direction of world's Apple development, in America and Europe, New Zealand, Japan and other countries or regional extensive use.Due to weather, stand
The factors such as ground condition influence, at present the ground such as China Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and Beijing, and its Apple Dwarf Stocks planting culture is more with dwarfing
Based on intermediate stock, i.e., it is made up of base anvil, intermediate stock and scion variety three parts.Dwarfing interstock apple seedling is bred than conventional Qiao
Change anvil apple seedling and add a grafting, it is bred the time and also just increased to 3 years (seedling raise period length) by original 2 years, therefore throwing
It is bigger to enter cost, management is more time consuming, land utilization ratio is relatively low.
In order to which that improves dwarfing interstock breeds efficiency, ' 2 years fast breeding sides of the high-quality strong sprout of apple dwarf intermediate stock
Method ' (application number：CN201210132808.6) propose to educate base anvil seedling in the indoor nutritive cube of temperature, in dwarfing interstock stock young sprout
Upper Grafted Variety, branch (section) low-temperature moisture preservation storage of grafting is gathered after fallen leaves, the Second Year spring is grafted on base anvil, will
Seedling raise period foreshortens to 2 years.The method that a kind of newly-built rapid scale of the present invention breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling, i.e., it is logical
Cross 2 buds to connect, the 2nd bud of progress in particularly in advance 2 months connects goes out garden for 2 years to realize, while rises using overlay film weeding, machinery
Seedling etc. operates, and significantly cuts down seedling cost, also further improves transplanting survival rate.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling, is China's apple
Fruit nursery stock production provides a kind of fast breeding method, further to promote the update of China's apple.
The present invention comprises the following steps：
1) sand storage base anvil seed：January, Mains micromalus, dwarf apple etc. seed be soaked in water after, itself and wet sand are pressed 1: 3-
5 ratios are well mixed, and load mesh bag, and lamination is extremely sowed under the conditions of 1-4 DEG C；
2) base anvil seedling is cultivated：Mid-March, in the furrow face of well in advance, it will be detained through the good seed broadcasting of lamination after earthing
Shed temperature control moisturizing, seedling are transplanted when growing 4-5 piece true leaves in field, and line-spacing control is in 40cm, the wide 1.2m of furrow, per the row of furrow 2, cultivation
After fill permeable 1-2 times；
3) overlay film between furrow：After base anvil transplantation of seedlings survives, mulch film, controlling weeds growth are covered in furrow ridge；
4) bud connects dwarfing interstock：Mid or late August then, suitable dwarfing interstock scion is chosen, bud is connected to cultivation
On base anvil seedling, at away from ground 10cm, grafting 15d or so is unbinded grafting height；
In Second Year spring on buddering cut anvil at 0.5cm, timely bud picking is to cultivate into dwarfing interstock rootstock seedling, simultaneously
Strengthening management makes its fast-growth；
5) bud connects apple variety：1 to 20 June of Second Year, dwarfing interstock young sprout have been grown to 60cm or so now bud
Connect apple variety, position away from 35cm on dwarfing interstock rootstock seedling bud interface (the 1st interface) at, cut anvil immediately after connecing, 13-
Unbinded after 15d, timely bud picking；
6) seedling and garden is gone out：High-quality seedling, more than seedling height 1.2m can be bred as after falling leaves in the fall, kind rugosity reaches
More than 1cm, using mechanical lifting.
Preferably, the time that seed is soaked in water in step 1) is 24h.
Compared to other techniques, rapid scale provided by the invention breeds the method for dwarfing interstock apple seedling using suitable
Should ground development dwarfing interstock type, bred in a manner of bud connects and can be achieved to go out garden in 2 years, you can reach national 1 grade of apple
Seedling standard, using measures such as covering with ground sheeting, mechanical liftings, seedling cost can be saved.Not only the used time is short, breeds efficiency, breeding
Coefficient is high, and recruitment is few, seedling quality is good, deep to be liked by seedling-wood breeding unit and orchard worker.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for the method that rapid scale provided by the invention breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, so that ' brachyplast Fuji of Miyazaki/SH6/ Mains micromalus ' combines as an example, rapid scale is bred in dwarfing
Between the method for anvil apple seedling comprise the following steps：
1) sand storage base anvil seed：January, the seed such as Mains micromalus was soaked in water after 24h, and seed and wet sand press 1: 3-5 ratio
Example stirs, and wet sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, and loosing one's grip to dissipate is advisable, and is subsequently filled into mesh bag (60cm × 120cm) tying；
60cm holes, lower berth 15cm or so wet sand are dug in the shade, high and dry place, mesh bag is lain against in hole in wet sand, then cover 30-
Soil layer thick 40cm, lamination is extremely sowed under the conditions of 1-4 DEG C；Pay attention to inspecting periodically, keep normal humidity.
2) base anvil seedling is cultivated：Furrow are done mid-March, the wide 1.2m of furrow broadcasts sowing the good seed of Stratificated treatment, and application rate exists
20kg/667m2, earthing 1.5cm or so, shed temperature control moisturizing is detained after earthing；Leak informaton hardening in time within 1 week before transplanting, when growing 4-5
Band Tu Tuo is transplanted in carrying out duplicate rows field planting in field, furrow during piece true leaf, and line-spacing is controlled in 40cm, the wide 1.2m of furrow, fills permeable after cultivation
1-2 times.
3) overlay film between furrow：After base anvil seedling replanting survives, black mulch film is covered in furrow ridge, to prevent and treat the life of later stage weeds
It is long.
4) bud connects dwarfing interstock：Mid or late August, the virus-free healthy SH6 stocks of selection make scion then for field planting, immediately
Cut off blade, only stay one section of petiole, be placed in after bundle is good in basin, scion bottom will not 5cm or so in water, be placed in shelter from heat or light it is outer,
With connecing with taking；
The scion bud of collection is connected on the base anvil seedling of cultivation, grafting height is at away from ground 10cm, grafting 15d or so solutions
Tie up.
Second Year spring cut anvil at 0.5cm on buddering, timely bud picking management is to cultivate into dwarfing interstock rootstock seedling.
5) bud connects apple variety：It is colonized Second Year June, dwarfing interstock young sprout has been grown to 60cm or so, bud connects apple product
Kind；
It is scion that full ' brachyplast Fuji of the Miyazaki ' branch of healthy growth is first chosen in cutting orchard, and its processing mode is same
SH6 dwarfing interstock scion, then on the dwarfing interstock rootstock seedling educated away from bud interface (first interface) above 35cm at
Carry out bud to connect, cut anvil immediately after connecing, unbinded after 13-15d, timely bud picking.
6) seedling and garden is gone out：After falling leaves in the fall, you can be bred as high-quality seedling, seedling height is thick in more than 1.2m, kind
Degree reaches more than 1cm, and high-quality seedling rate is more than 95%；Using mechanical lifting, nursery stock is after go-no-go, every 20 plant of 1 bundle bundling, and storage is standby
With.
In the reproductive process of nursery stock, to strengthen the management such as rich water, pest and disease damage prevention and control, ensure that the quick health of institute's nursery wood is raw
It is long, to pay special attention to harm of the insect to buddering.
The method that rapid scale provided by the invention breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling is also applied among other dwarfings
Anvil apple seedling breeds such as GM256.
Compared with other correlation techniques, the distinguishing feature of this method is one, and the used time is short, carries out the 2nd bud within 2 months in advance
Connect so that 2 years can cultivate the 1 grade of seedling (generally requiring 3 years) for meeting national standard, high-quality seedling rate 95% with
On；Two, breeding coefficient is high, connects mode using bud and breeds, and rate of scionwood utility is high, and graft survival rate is up to 98%；Three, seedling quality
Good, seedling is by transplanting, and lateral root is flourishing, and uses mechanical lifting, and root system damage is few, is more easy to transplant；Four, it is cost-effective, cover
Film weeding, mechanical lifting, significantly reduce seedling-wood breeding cost.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The conversion that bright specification and accompanying drawing content are made, or other related technical fields are directly or indirectly used in, in the present invention
Scope of patent protection in.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) sand storage base anvil seed：January, Mains micromalus, dwarf apple etc. seed be soaked in water after, itself and wet sand are pressed into 1: 3-5 ratio
Example is well mixed, loads mesh bag, and lamination is extremely sowed under the conditions of 1-4 DEG C；
2) base anvil seedling is cultivated：Mid-March, in the furrow face of well in advance, shed will be detained after earthing through the good seed broadcasting of lamination
Temperature control moisturizing, seedling are transplanted when growing 4-5 piece true leaves in field, and line-spacing is controlled in 40cm, the wide 1.2m of furrow, per the row of furrow 2, is filled after cultivation
It is permeable 1-2 times；
3) overlay film between furrow：After base anvil transplantation of seedlings survives, mulch film, controlling weeds growth are covered in furrow ridge；
4) bud connects dwarfing interstock：Mid or late August then, suitable dwarfing interstock scion is chosen, bud is connected to the base anvil of cultivation
Miao Shang, at away from ground 10cm, grafting 15d or so is unbinded grafting height；
In Second Year spring, cut anvil, timely bud picking will be added with cultivating into dwarfing interstock rootstock seedling at 0.5cm on buddering
Strong management makes its fast-growth；
5) bud connects apple variety：1 to 20 June of Second Year, dwarfing interstock young sprout have been grown to 60cm or so, and now bud connects apple
Fruit kind, position away from 35cm on dwarfing interstock rootstock seedling bud interface at, cut anvil immediately after connecing, unbind after 13-15d, in time
Bud picking；
6) seedling and garden is gone out：High-quality seedling, more than seedling height 1.2m can be bred as after falling leaves in the fall, kind rugosity reaches 1cm
More than, using mechanical lifting.
2. the method that rapid scale according to claim 1 breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling, it is characterised in that step
The time that seed is soaked in water in 1 is 24h.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110178634A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-08-30 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of north mountainous region fruit nursery stock mating system |
| CN113068562A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-07-06 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Grafting method for dwarf apples |
| CN113317102A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Adult cultivation method of apple sapling |
| CN113906859A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-11 | 乌拉特前旗尚鸿林果科技有限公司 | Apple seedling breeding method |
| CN114467527A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 安顺市农业科学院 | Rapid propagation method of dwarf plum cerasus internus rootstock seedlings |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113068562A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-07-06 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Grafting method for dwarf apples |
| CN110178634A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-08-30 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of north mountainous region fruit nursery stock mating system |
| CN110178634B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-11-23 | 天水市果树研究所 | Northern mountain fruit tree seedling breeding method |
| CN113317102A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Adult cultivation method of apple sapling |
| CN113317102B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2024-05-28 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Seedling-forming cultivation method for apple sapling |
| CN113906859A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-11 | 乌拉特前旗尚鸿林果科技有限公司 | Apple seedling breeding method |
| CN114467527A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 安顺市农业科学院 | Rapid propagation method of dwarf plum cerasus internus rootstock seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20180112 |