CN104737823A - Cultivation method for dwarf interstock apple tree thinly-planted large seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivation method for dwarf interstock apple tree thinly-planted large seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for dwarf interstock apple tree thinly-planted large seedlings. The cultivation method comprises the steps that seedling stocks are cultivated at the first year, namely, seeding and seedling stock cultivation are carried out in spring, dwarf interstock scion buds are grafted on the seedling stocks in summer, and the dwarf interstock scion buds do not sprout at the same year; dwarf interstock seedlings are cultivated at the second year, namely, stock shearing, film removing and sprout removing are carried out in spring, the dwarf interstock seedlings are cultivated, apple cultivar scion buds are grafted on the interstock seedlings in summer, and the apple cultivar scion buds do not sprout at the same year; thinly-plated large seedlings are cultivated at the third year, namely, stock shearing, film removing and sprout removing are carried out in spring, and the annual multi-branch dwarf interstock apple tree thinly-planted large seedlings are cultivated through branching promotion. By means of the cultivation method, with low cultivation cost, the defect that in vitro grafting must be carried out indoor through scion grafting (tongue grafting) according to the abroad cultivation process is overcome, the dwarf interstock apple tree thinly-planted large seedlings can be efficiently cultivated, orchard establishment speed is high, economic benefits are obvious, and the cultivation method especially meets the requirements for apple tree large seedlings of a dwarfing apple stock intensive cultivation mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree seedling culture technical field, particularly relate to a kind of breeding method of dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings.
Background technology
China is apple production state maximum in the world and country of consumption, the Apple Culture gross area 3090.3 ten thousand mu in 2012, gross yield 3849.1 ten thousand tons (China Statistical Yearbook in 2013), accounts for 42.54% and 48.44% of world's apple gross area and gross yield respectively.The advantage of scale of China's Apple Industry is fairly obvious, but yield per unit area, fruit total quality also have larger gap with orchard economic benefit compared with world's apple advanced production country, and cause this gap major reason to be China's Apple Culture system and technology mode backwardness, especially apple nursery stock quality does not reach the requirement of high-quality seedlings far away.China's apple developed on a large scale period in the eighties in last century and the beginning of the nineties, main popularization be tall anvil planting culture pattern, the orchard of current China 90% is set up according to this cultivation mode, although only have the orchard of 10% to adopt dwarfing interstock to build garden, but because seedling quality is poor, culture technique level is low, and most of orchard still adopts tall anvil dense planting schema management.Although this kind of cultivation mode contributes to the Apple Industry fast development of promotion China, but because orchard worker grasps and unreachable position tall anvil planting culture technology, in addition the defect of this pattern self, causes that most of orchard is airtight, illumination is bad, result is late, yields poorly, fruit quality is poor.Short anvil planting culture is because having tree crown little (tree crown is the 50%-80% of normal tree crown), be convenient to bookkeeping, save manpower, ventilation and penetrating light, fruit quality is excellent, be convenient to the advantage such as standardization, mechanization production, generally adopt in apple advanced production state of the world, also become the development trend of China's Apple Culture.Due to Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling Cultivating techniques difficulty high and Dwarf rootstocks is taken root difficulty, not easily breed, so the cultivation of apple dwarf interstock is the principal mode of China's at present Apple Dwarf Stocks cultivation, played important effect aborning.
Dwarfing interstock apple seedling refer on seedling rootstock grafting have certain downgrade characteristic stock and growth certain length time, then grafting apple improved seeds and the apple nursery stock (apple seedling namely cultivated after grafting apple variety on dwarfing interstock seedling) of breeding on its dwarfing rootstock certain position.Dwarfing interstock apple seedling, through twice grafting, is divided into three sections, and most base portion is vigorous stock (base anvil), topmost cultivar, centre is dwarfing rootstock section (interstock), and length is about 25cm, adaptability and property is stronger admittedly compared with Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling.
In China, the 80-90 age in last century carried out the research (Li Shenfu etc. 1995 that branch test urged by corresponding plants growth regulator; Chen Jingshun etc. 1995; Meng Zhao waits 1996 clearly; Zhou Jun etc. 1997; Yang Fuyin etc. 1998; Liu Zhi etc. 1999), and a branch element ointment or the branching promoter for plant (active ingredient is 6-BA) of adopting carries out short branch test, its troublesome poeration, suitable labor intensive more, cost is also higher, and the research of this aspect is less in recent years.General Lip river Malin is Hua Lun Biological Science Co., Ltd of U.S. product, and its active ingredient is 6-BA and GA4+7, and effective content is 3.6% (1.8%6-BA+1.8%GA4+7).Domestic also have similar products " U.S. fruit spirit " to appear on the market, but be only used for improving the percentage of fertile fruit of fruit tree and melon-fruit-like vegetable at present, beautifies fruit type and short its expands.
European countries (Holland, France, Italy) Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock is bred, adopt knip (cutting back) technology, mechanization is adopted to spray general Lip river Malin's solution and coordinate artificial micro-pruning technique to cultivate the multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling of life in 2 years, but the concrete formula related in external existing short branch technology and details of operation all belong to secrecy technology, and we cannot know.And the Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock raising technology of branch technology requires indoor in vitro grafting, and technical difficulty is large, need larger place, connect rear healing and need certain facility, add grafting and take a lot of work, after Dwarf rootstocks seedling Grafted Variety, planting survival rates will reduce by more than 10%.Need after adding field planting to be that each young plant inserts a vertical rod immediately, time-consumingly to take a lot of work.
The domestic a small amount of Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling produced at Shaanxi plain boiled water, although be also the annual Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling going out garden for 2 years, is all go alone seedling, and without branch, result is late.The little careless ditch garden spot in Laizhou City of Shandong Province, though the dwarfing interstock apple seedlings of band branch can be produced, owing to adopting annual dwarfing interstock high-quality to cultivate 1 year again strong sprout, extend the outplanting time, namely dwarfing interstock apple seedlings just need can go out garden with 4 years, and cost increases.
Summary of the invention
For current present situation, the invention provides a kind of breeding method of dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings, annual multi-branched dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings can be cultivated, solve the problem of the dwarfing interstock apple seedling (density large, go alone seedling, without branch) of poor quality that conventional method is cultivated, the annual multi-branched dwarfing interstock apple seedling cultivated, field planting then, the 2nd year's harvest flower, 3rd annual bearing, thus solve the problem of going alone apple seedling result evening.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention comprises the following steps:
First Year, seedling rootstock seedling is cultivated: sowing in spring, cultivation seedling rootstock seedling, and summer, grafting dwarfing interstock was buddered on seedling rootstock seedling, and dwarfing interstock is buddered and do not sprouted then;
Second Year, dwarfing interstock seedling is cultivated: cut anvil, membrane removal spring, except sprouting, cultivate dwarfing interstock seedling, summer, grafting apple variety was buddered on interstock seedling, and apple variety is buddered and do not sprouted then;
3rd year, dwarfing interstock apple thin planting big seedling cultivation: cutting anvil, membrane removal spring, except sprouting, cultivating annual multi-branched dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings by short branch technology.
Wherein, in order to ensure rational thickness of sowing, applicant extensively study the impact of sowing condition on experimental result, following sowing condition is preferred: at First Year, the line space of sowing is 45-55cm, strain spacing is 15-20cm, ditching depth 6-10cm, and infiltration after planting covers the thick fine earth of 6-8mm; Seedling rootstock seedling does high 5 ~ 10cm, the position grafting dwarfing interstock of rugosity 8 ~ 12mm is buddered.
By above-mentioned distribution, realize every mu of ground and stay seedling 6000 ~ 7000 strain, ensure that the nutrition of plant, illumination and moisture.
In the present invention, at Second Year, the position grafting apple variety of dwarfing interstock base portion 25-30cm, rugosity 0.8 ~ 1.3cm is buddered.
Under this condition, be applicable to grafting apple variety and budder, there is more satisfactory graft survival rate.
In the present invention, in the 3rd year, the end of spring and the beginning of summer apple variety new-tip length reach be not less than 60cm time, during young sprout regrowth 15-20cm, adopt short branch plant growth regulator treatment 15-20cm young sprout.
By using short branch plant growth regulator, conservative control branch position and branch quantity, the dwarfing interstock apple seedling that can solve conventional method cultivation is gone alone, unramified problem.
Above-mentioned short branch plant growth regulator used can adopt this series products common on market, the short branch plant growth regulator effective ingredient of preferred employing to be content be 1.8% benayl aminopurine and content be 1.8% gibberellic acid A4, A7, its working concentration is 500-1000mg/kg; More preferably, short branch plant growth regulator working concentration is 750mg/kg.
Breeding method provided by the present invention, can be widely used in apple variety common at present and cultivate.Preferably, described seedling rootstock is selected from Mains micromalus, Malus sieversii or Chinese catalpa; Described dwarfing interstock is selected from M26, M9, T337 or SH40; Apple variety is selected from Nagafu No.2, Li Gala, rich No. 3 of cigarette, rich No. 1 of gift, Early Fuji, Pink Lady, crisp, the red lid dew of honey, jazz, tall and handsome, Qiao Najin major clique or apple special pollinizers red wine, ruddy profit, carnelian, snowball.
In order to improve graft survival rate, breeding method of the present invention can also comprise following improvement: step 1) grafting dwarfing interstock is buddered in step on seedling rootstock seedling, first scion clip is placed in clear water downwards before grafting, water suction 12-24h, selected dwarfing interstock scion rugosity should be consistent with seedling rootstock rugosity; Step 2) on interstock seedling grafting apple variety budder step adopt band wooden bud grafting method, do not reveal bud grafting; Described apple variety budders graft position at dwarfing interstock base portion 20-30cm place; Step 2) grafting apple variety is buddered in step on interstock seedling, first scion clip is placed in clear water downwards before grafting, and water suction 12-24h, selected apple variety scion rugosity should be consistent with interstock rugosity.
By adopting the wooden bud grafting method of band, do not reveal bud grafting, grafting mouth heals, and without fixed dry stub, nursery stock is straight, also has good prevention and prohibition effect to the generation of rot.
Heal completely for the ease of anvil stake clip or ring-type healing, step 2) be also included in dwarfing interstock seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the step of the seedling rootstock stub of above about the 5mm of dwarfing interstock grafting mouth, step 3) also comprise dwarfing interstock apple seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the step of the dwarfing interstock stub of above about the 5mm of apple variety grafting mouth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, in the examples below, enough detailed condition stub cultivating process of the present invention is applicant provided, such as fertilizer, insecticide, month, overlay film etc., this is only schematic, does not form special restriction to the present invention.
In order to realize dwarfing interstock apple thin planting big seedling cultivation, complete cultivating process of the present invention by 3 years in apple experiment station, Qianyang of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural & Forest Science & Technology, Yang Ling experiment and demonstration nursery.
1st year: seedling rootstock seedling is cultivated, dwarfing interstock budders grafting and management:
(1) nursery land used prepares: traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, have irrigation conditions, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, sandy loam, loam, pH5.0-7.8; In first 5 years of seedling rootstock planting seed, do not breed fruit nursery stock or build apple orchard, best with kind of a corn, wheat grainfield; The October of seedling rootstock planting seed the previous year, grade, nursery lot uses sufficient base fertilizer, diammonium phosphate 100kg/ mu, Chicken dung fertilizer 2 tons/mu, spreads the chlopyrifos granule 1kg/ mu of insecticide 15%, plough deeply 40-50cm, rake, nursery lot subregion, every district area is no more than 15 mu, reserved 1, the wide road of 4m, is convenient to transport the field means of production, by wide 220cm line, ridging, bedding, furrow face length is no more than 100m, installs irrigation system; Nursery lot leisure is also irrigated before frozen soil.Plant without willow, Chinese scholartree, pine and cypress tree within 15m around nursery lot.
(2) seedling rootstock seed preparation: the October of seedling rootstock planting seed the previous year, every mu of nursery lot prepares Mains micromalus, Malus sieversii or Chinese catalpa seed 2-2.5kg.
(3) Sand culture of seed: late December can start husky Tibetan seedling rootstock seed, and husky Tibetan will carry out seed disinfection in the past, is then mixed with wet sand by seed, seed and husky volume ratio are 1: 3-1: 5, sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, not water outlet, and tactile namely faling apart of loosing one's grip is advisable.After mixing, pack, be placed on dark 1m, wide 1-1.5m, be about in hole, the sand of 2m Tibetan, the end, hole, spreads the thick rough sand of one deck 10cm-20cm in advance.Seed packet overhead about 20cm time, above cover river sand, river sand thickness is advisable to exceed local frozen soil layer 20cm-30cm, carries out draining.Storage checks river sand humidity after January, timely increase or minimizing river sand water content, the vernalization situation of seed is checked with first half of the month in sowing, as do not reached required degree, make seed sprouting by improving temperature in hole, or seed is moved on to warm place, often stir, can sow when the seed number of " germination " (in fact take root, also cry " showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally ", " splitting mouth ") reaches more than 30%.
(4) sow: late Febuary-early March, after soil thaws, furrow face, nursery of raking in time, preserves soil moisture and waits to plant.On the furrow face of wide 220cm, length 75-100m, according to 50cm line-spacing equidistant sowing 4 row.First open the shallow ridges that about 10cm is dark, then spread insecticide in ditch, dosage is the chlopyrifos granule 1kg/ mu of 15%, then pours water in ditch, is advisable, waits and ooze rear program request seed under water with drenched ditch depth 6cm-8cm.Hole pressing program request, cave is apart from about 18cm, and the seed that every bunch planting 5-6 grain has showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally through Sha Zanghou, then covers the thick fine earth of 6mm-8mm, use the white clear plastic mulching of width 2m, thickness 0.008-0.012mm subsequently, heat moisturizing.
(5) stock seed sprouting and seedling management: stock planting seed is emerged after two weeks successively, waits seedling to go out entirely, when temperature Change amplitude is little (about 20 DEG C), removes mulch film in fine day 10 .-16.When seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, by spacing in the rows 15cm-20cm thinning.Every mu of ground stays seedling 6000-7000 strain.By the end of April, when rootstock seedling height is not more than 20cm, should sprinkle water with watering can, not broad irrigation.Late May, the pinching when stock height of seedling about 40cm, impelled increasing girth growth to early June.Mid-June, all sublateral shoots (branch) in 20cm on rootstock seedling ground of erasing in time, terrestrial stem Lao Ye in 15cm on ground of erasing, was conducive to grafting dwarfing interstock and buddered to early August late July.Early seedling stage, enriches foliage fertilizer, within every 10 days, topdresses once, carry out 3-4 time continuously with the urea of 0.1-0.3%; In 5-7 month, water in good time, intertill soil moisture conservation 3-6 time; The stock that the grows directly from seeds whole season of growth, weed a garden, forbid weed killer herbicide.Topdress before grafting 2 times, each every strain rootstock seedling sealing fertilizer 2g (N, P, K effective component content each 15%), mu topdresses 10-15kg, and pour water in time after fertilising, before grafting, rootstock seedling is poured water, to improve graft survival rate.Early August, seedling rootstock seedling is done high 5-10cm place rugosity and is reached 8-12mm, is applicable to grafting dwarfing interstock and budders.
(6) dwarfing interstock is buddered grafting and management: dwarfing interstock is selected: M26, M9 major clique T337, SH40.
Scion gathers: before grafting, gathers without the full annual young sprout of the sprout of quarantine damage by disease and insect as scion, remove blade, only stay a bit of petiole or do not stay petiole from Dwarf rootstocks propagation by layering garden, puts that shady and cool to locate wet-storage for subsequent use.Scion is with adopting with connecing, and standing time must not more than 2 weeks.Grafting the previous day, scion clip is placed in clear water downwards, water suction 12 is little of 24 hours, to improve graft survival rate.Dwarfing interstock scion rugosity should be consistent with seedling rootstock rugosity.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: to by the end of July after spring stock seed sprouting, keypoint control damping off, powdery mildew, rust and aphid, apple tip leaf roller; Keypoint control oriental moth and early defoliation disease after August.
2nd year: dwarfing interstock seedling is cultivated, apple variety budders grafting and management.
(8) anvil and membrane removal is cut: late Febuary-early March, seedling rootstock seedling carries out cutting anvil and membrane removal before sprouting for 1 week, promotes to budder sprouting.Above dwarfing interstock is buddered, all branches on seedling rootstock seedling cut off by about 5mm place, and clip is wanted level and smooth and slightly should be tilted to opposite of buddering, and removing is simultaneously buddered and wrapped up connect tree film.
(9) cultivating with dwarfing interstock seedling except sprouting: after cutting anvil and membrane removal, except buddering, all rudiments on seedling rootstock of erasing in time, sprouting the tip and sprout tillers, guarantee that dwarfing interstock is buddered growth.Repeated multiple times carrying out is wanted, general 3-4 time except sprouting.
Mid-May, all sublateral shoots within dwarfing interstock of erasing (T337, M26, SH40) base portion 40cm, pinching when interstock height reaches 50-60cm.
In 6 months, the last ten-days period, dwarfing interstock seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the seedling rootstock stub of above about the 5mm of dwarfing interstock grafting mouth, be convenient to anvil stake clip heal completely or ring-type healing.The growth of dwarfing interstock seedling in earlier stage, enriches foliage fertilizer, within every 10 days, topdresses once, carry out 3-4 time continuously with the urea of 0.1-0.3%; In 5-7 month, water in good time, intertill soil moisture conservation 3-6 time; The dwarfing interstock seedling whole season of growth, weed a garden, forbid weed killer herbicide.Topdress before apple variety grafting 2 times, each every strain rootstock seedling sealing fertilizer 2g (N, P, K effective component content each 15%), mu topdresses 10-15kg, and pour water in time after fertilising, before grafting, rootstock seedling is poured water, to improve graft survival rate.
Dwarfing interstock base portion 25-30cm right position rugosity 0.8-1.3cm, was applicable to grafting apple variety and buddered to early August late July.
(10) apple variety is buddered grafting and management:
Fruit variety: Nagafu No.2, Li Gala.
Scion gathers: before grafting, from kind cutting orchard maternal plant, gathers without the full annual young sprout of the sprout of quarantine damage by disease and insect as scion, removes blade, only stay a bit of petiole (or not staying petiole), puts that shady and cool to locate wet-storage for subsequent use.Scion is with adopting with connecing, and standing time must not more than 2 weeks.
Grafting the previous day, scion clip is placed in clear water downwards, water suction 12 is little of 24 hours, can improve graft survival rate.Apple variety scion rugosity should be consistent with dwarfing interstock rugosity.
Grafting time: in 8 months, the last ten-days period.
Grafting method and mode: adopt the wooden bud grafting method of band, do not reveal bud grafting, apple variety is buddered and do not sprouted then.It is white clear or pink hyaline membrane that requirement connects tree film, width 2.5-3.5cm, length 11.5-15-5cm.
Graft position: budder one at dwarfing interstock base portion 20-30cm place's grafting apple variety, apple variety is buddered the opposite direction that grafting is buddered at dwarfing interstock, and require that the dwarfing interstock length of same Stockscion combination is consistent, luffing is no more than 5cm.
(11) extermination of disease and insect pest: after seedling rootstock cuts anvil, membrane removal, before mid-March, kind budders sprouting, spray Baume 5 degree of lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan; Rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller and powdery mildew, rust; Keypoint control oriental moth, boat-shaped caterpillar, chafer and early defoliation disease after August.
3rd year: dwarfing interstock apple thin planting big seedling cultivation.
(12) anvil and membrane removal is cut: late Febuary-early March, apple variety cuts off dwarfing interstock and membrane removal before germinateing in time, promotes that apple variety is buddered sprouting.Above apple variety is buddered, all branches on dwarfing interstock seedling are wiped out by about 5mm place, and clip is wanted level and smooth and slightly should be tilted to opposite of buddering, and removing is simultaneously buddered and wrapped up connect tree film.
(13) except sprouting: after cutting anvil and membrane removal, the rudiment on dwarfing interstock, seedling rootstock of erasing in time, sprouting the tip and sprout tillers, guaranteeing that apple variety is buddered growth.Repeated multiple times carrying out is wanted, general 3-4 time except sprouting.Before late May, also should remove as early as possible in time for all sublateral shoots within apple variety base portion 60cm (namely because position is low, becoming useless branch).In 6 months, the last ten-days period, in seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the dwarfing interstock stub of above about the 5mm of kind grafting mouth, be convenient to anvil stake clip and heal completely or ring-type healing.
(14) annual apple seedling young sprout urgees the application of branch technology:
Short branch medicament: the plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid that Zhejiang Shenghua Biok Biology Co., Ltd. produces, total effective component content is 3.6%, and wherein benayl aminopurine content is 1.8%, and gibberellic acid A4, A7 content is 1.8%, and formulation is missible oil.
Medicament working concentration: plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid working concentration is 500mg/kg, 750mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, uses clear water wiring solution-forming.
Young sprout is urged branch and is specifically implemented and effect: late May-mid-June starts, when apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 60cm, during young sprout regrowth 15-20cm, the short branch chemicals treatment 15-20cm young sprout of application once, the suppression of young sprout top to lateral bud can be removed, make lateral bud sprout into second branch (i.e. sublateral shoot or branch) very soon.Processing method is: spray short branch medicament in 15-20cm place, young sprout top with manual sprayer, squirt and have lower of liquid to be advisable with young sprout top young leaflet tablet, lateral bud.After processing 2 weeks, meeting growth-promoting branch 7-11 in handled 15-20cm young sprout position and the above 3-5 that will a grow lateral bud is individual, and average 8-9, each branch length reaches 3-10cm, average about 6-7cm; Each lateral bud processed can grow branch, and branch residing section on young sprout reaches 20-30cm, average 25cm.Whole season of growth young sprout urgees branch technical finesse 1 time.
By the end of September, apple variety new-tip length (i.e. nursery stock kind height) on average can reach 185cm, is up to 219cm, and the average 1.33cm of nursery stock rugosity, the most slightly reaches 1.78cm, and apple variety young sprout base portion 60-90cm place has branch 5-11 of 20-60cm.So far, annual multi-branched dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings have just been cultivated successfully.
(15) soil, water, fertile management: apple variety was buddered and sprouted front ditching-fertilizing, every mu of sealing fertilizer 100kg (N, P2O5, K2O content is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%) spring; The season of growth before rain or irrigate time at every turn every mu impose composite fertilizer 15-20kg, impose altogether 3 times (May, June, July), pour water in time after fertilising.To water before young sprout urgees branch process.Note intertill and clean tillage, preserving soil moisture.
(16) extermination of disease and insect pest: after cutting anvil, membrane removal, before mid-March, kind budders sprouting, spray Baume 5 degree of lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan; Rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller and powdery mildew, rust; Keypoint control oriental moth, boat-shaped caterpillar, chafer and early defoliation disease after August.
(17) lifting and classification: before autumn frozen soil or next spring soil thaw after, before Sprout period, adopt artificial or mechanical lifting, the damage to root system should be reduced as far as possible, according to GB9847-2003 " apple nursery stock " quality requirement, in conjunction with scientific achievement " dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings go out garden standard ", carry out seedling sorting, sale.
(18) dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings go out garden and meet the standard shown in table 1.
Table 1: dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings go out garden standard
Technical scheme of the present invention puts into practice 3 years in apple experiment station, Qianyang of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural & Forest Science & Technology, Yang Ling experiment and demonstration nursery, and the dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings (kind is Nagafu No.2, Li Gala) going out garden reach more than 100,000 strains.
Test and production practices prove, dwarfing interstock Nagafu No.2, beautiful loud, high-pitched sound that technical solution of the present invention is cultivated draw high-quality strong sprout, and the nursery stock rugosity at the above 10cm place of apple variety grafting mouth reaches 1.0cm, the ratio of seedling height 150cm can reach 90%; Draw contrast with tall anvil Nagafu No.2, beautiful loud, high-pitched sound, result early, high, the instant effect of output, with the increase of the age of tree, its growing way slows down, and tree crown is short and small.
Drop into: every strain dwarfing interstock seedling cultivates cost 3 yuan, cost per mu 18000-21000 unit; Extend 1 year again and cultivate into dwarfing interstock apple finished product seedling, every strain cost increases by 2 yuan again, cost per mu 12000-14000 unit, adds up to every mu of seedling cost 30000-35000 unit.Output: mu nursery stock wood 5400-6300 strain (every mu of field planting 6000-7000 strain goes out garden by 90% high-quality seedling and calculates), every strain price 15 yuan, total income 81000-94500 unit.Input, output ratio 1: 2.7, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (10)
1. a breeding method for dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
First Year, seedling rootstock seedling is cultivated: sowing in spring, cultivation seedling rootstock seedling, and summer, grafting dwarfing interstock was buddered on seedling rootstock seedling, and dwarfing interstock is buddered and do not sprouted then;
Second Year, dwarfing interstock seedling is cultivated: cut anvil, membrane removal spring, except sprouting, cultivate dwarfing interstock seedling, summer, grafting apple variety was buddered on interstock seedling, and apple variety is buddered and do not sprouted then;
3rd year, thin planting big seedling cultivation: cutting anvil, membrane removal spring, except sprouting, cultivating annual multi-branched dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings by short branch.
2. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, at First Year, the line space of sowing is 45-55cm, and strain spacing is 15-20cm, ditching depth 6-10cm, and infiltration after planting covers the thick fine earth of 6-8mm; Seedling rootstock seedling does high 5 ~ 10cm, the position grafting dwarfing interstock of rugosity 8 ~ 12mm is buddered.
3. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, at Second Year, the position grafting apple variety of dwarfing interstock base portion 25-30cm, rugosity 0.8 ~ 1.3cm is buddered.
4. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 3rd year, the end of spring and the beginning of summer apple variety new-tip length reach be not less than 60cm time, during young sprout regrowth 15-20cm, adopt short branch plant growth regulator treatment 15-20cm young sprout.
5. breeding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described short branch plant growth regulator effective ingredient to be content be 1.8% benayl aminopurine and content be 1.8% gibberellic acid A4, A7, its working concentration is 500-1000mg/kg.
6. the breeding method of dwarfing interstock apple thin planting seedlings according to claim 5, is characterized in that, short branch plant growth regulator working concentration is 750mg/kg.
7. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described seedling rootstock is selected from Mains micromalus, Malus sieversii or Chinese catalpa; Described dwarfing interstock is selected from M26, M9, T337 or SH40; Apple variety is selected from Nagafu No.2, Li Gala, rich No. 3 of cigarette, rich No. 1 of gift, Early Fuji, Pink Lady, crisp, the red lid dew of honey, jazz, tall and handsome, Qiao Najin major clique or apple special pollinizers red wine, ruddy profit, carnelian, snowball.
8. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 1) grafting dwarfing interstock is buddered in step on seedling rootstock seedling, first scion clip is placed in clear water downwards before grafting, water suction 12-24h, selected dwarfing interstock scion rugosity should be consistent with seedling rootstock rugosity.
9. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) on interstock seedling grafting apple variety budder step adopt band wooden bud grafting method, do not reveal bud grafting; Described apple variety budders graft position at dwarfing interstock base portion 20-30cm place; Step 2) grafting apple variety is buddered in step on interstock seedling, first scion clip is placed in clear water downwards before grafting, and water suction 12-24h, selected apple variety scion rugosity should be consistent with interstock rugosity.
10. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) be also included in dwarfing interstock seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the step of the seedling rootstock stub of above about the 5mm of dwarfing interstock grafting mouth, step 3) also comprise dwarfing interstock apple seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the step of the dwarfing interstock stub of above about the 5mm of apple variety grafting mouth.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052648A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 襄汾县四通卉林果科技开发专业合作社 | Cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits |
| CN105075771A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling cultivating method of apple tree |
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
| CN106171547A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of apple dwarf is from the mating system of root anvil stock |
| CN107047188A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that Y-shaped apple hybrid tree is cultivated with dwarfing interstock |
| CN107173083A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | A kind of Apples Dwarf Stocks grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107567920A (en) * | 2017-09-10 | 2018-01-12 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling |
| CN107593133A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-19 | 通辽市林业科学研究院 | The cultivation of cold area Fruit Tree In Sandy Land nursery stock and garden building method |
| CN108432631A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-08-24 | 山东省果树研究所 | A method of improving Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment fruit aroma |
| CN108605613A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-10-02 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | It downgrades large cherry and grafts planting culture method |
| CN115136804A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-04 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Method for improving dwarfing effect and flowering performance of apples |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052648A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 襄汾县四通卉林果科技开发专业合作社 | Cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits |
| CN105075771A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling cultivating method of apple tree |
| CN105557444A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2016-05-11 | 云南兴彬农业科技有限公司 | Intensive intercropping planting method for dwarf apples in plateau area |
| CN106171547A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of apple dwarf is from the mating system of root anvil stock |
| CN108605613A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-10-02 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | It downgrades large cherry and grafts planting culture method |
| CN107047188A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that Y-shaped apple hybrid tree is cultivated with dwarfing interstock |
| CN107047188B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2020-10-20 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for cultivating Y-shaped apple hybrid tree by using dwarfing interstock |
| CN107173083A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | A kind of Apples Dwarf Stocks grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107567920A (en) * | 2017-09-10 | 2018-01-12 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling |
| CN107593133A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-19 | 通辽市林业科学研究院 | The cultivation of cold area Fruit Tree In Sandy Land nursery stock and garden building method |
| CN108432631A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-08-24 | 山东省果树研究所 | A method of improving Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment fruit aroma |
| CN108432631B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for improving fragrance of bagged apple fruits |
| CN115136804A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-04 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Method for improving dwarfing effect and flowering performance of apples |
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