CN104255362A - Method for growing annual multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings - Google Patents
Method for growing annual multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255362A CN104255362A CN201410428045.9A CN201410428045A CN104255362A CN 104255362 A CN104255362 A CN 104255362A CN 201410428045 A CN201410428045 A CN 201410428045A CN 104255362 A CN104255362 A CN 104255362A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for growing annual multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings. The method includes planting dwarf self-rooted rootstock seedlings in the spring of a first year; grafting apple varieties on the seedlings in August; disallowing the apple varieties to sprout in the current year; pruning rootstock of the self-rooted rootstock seedlings in the spring of a second year; allowing the varieties to sprout; growing the annual multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings by the aid of a branch promoting technology. The method has the advantages that the problem of poor quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings which grow by the aid of the traditional method can be solved; the annual multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings which grow by the aid of the method can be planted to fields in the current year, can flower in the current year and can bear fruits, yields can be generated in the second year, high yields can be generated in a third year, the problem of late fruit bearing of single-branch apple seedlings can be solved, orchard construction speeds are high, and the method is particularly applicable to meeting large apple seedling demand of apple dwarf rootstock intensive cultivation modes, and is an effective way for particularly solving problems of difficulty in flower formation and late fruit bearing of Fuji apples at present.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling.
Background technology
European countries (Holland, France, Italy) Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock is bred, and adopts knip (cutting back) technology, mostly cultivates the multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling of life in 2 years.1st year, after Dwarf rootstocks seedling is adopted back, spring is in vitro grafting (whip graft) apple variety in indoor, presses seeding row spacing 0.9 × 0.33 meter after healing March ~ April, transplanted and cultivated to nursery, land for growing field crops, can grow to 1.2-1.5 rice then, but not go out garden.Second Year early spring, retain clip blastogenesis long, shaping in garden, the year end went out garden in apart from 0.7-0.8 rice cutting back, ground (Knip).The indoor in vitro grafting in the 1st year of this technology adopts grafting technology, technical difficulty is large, needs larger place, and connecing rear healing needs certain facility, add grafting to take a lot of work, the Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting after Grafted Variety is also lower by more than 10% than the direct planting survival rates of Dwarf rootstocks seedling in nursery survival rate.Add seedling height when kind growth fraction then directly plants stock and want large, easily lodge, so be the slotting vertical rod of each young plant immediately after field planting, take a lot of work." wiping out spire method " weak effect in branch technology, can only determine industry 3-5 the branch in early stage after doing in the 2nd of seedling growth year, would not produce desirable branch later; Concrete formula and the details of operation of " spraying general Lip river Malin (Promalin) method " are all secrecy technologies abroad, and we are unknown.The domestic a small amount of Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling produced at Shaanxi plain boiled water, although be also the annual Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling going out garden for 2 years, is all go alone seedling, and without branch, result is late.
At present, crab apple produce in newly-built garden substantially select that plant then can the short anvil high-quality seedlings of result, get final product Buddhist nun garden seedling (Knip boom, Dutch knip is the meaning of cutting back, boom is the meaning of sapling, knip boom refers to the sapling through cutting back shaping in garden, and being translated as temporarily can Buddhist nun garden seedling).The raising technology of this nursery stock is that Holland is pioneering, and its mating system is, April in spring by the Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling field planting of grafting in vitro in indoor in nursery, retain a scion variety bud germination and growth, about current growth to 1.5 meter, but do not go out garden.Second Year retains clip blastogenesis long in apart from 0.7-0.8 rice cutting back, ground (Knip) early spring, and adopt short branch technology, shaping in garden, goes out garden multi-branched seedlings the year end.
Dwarf rootstocks seedling is bred by horizontal press strip method.The Dwarf rootstocks seedling of breeding was gathered in the crops, is preserved before autumn and winter or rudiment in spring.Spring indoor branch-grafting apple variety, healing (about needing January) after in nursery field planting, seeding row spacing 0.9 × 0.33 meter.Be that each young plant inserts a vertical rod, by the young sprout gradation bondage of grafting pumping then in vertical rod, to guarantee sapling vertical growth immediately after field planting.The First Year cultivated in garden, young sprout can grow to 1.2-1.5 rice, but can't go out garden.In the Second Year spring, cut in 70-80 centimeters by this seedling and cut (Knip), concrete height can be determined according to the requirement of user, and this cutting back place diameter should reach 1 centimetre.Keep the first bud vertical growth after germinateing, remove other rudiment at any time at whole Growing season, make 70-80 centimetre of cutting back sentence lower maintenance smooth.Can all come from upright young sprout then by the Buddhist nun garden all side shoots of seedling, first side shoot distance ground 0.9-1.0 rice, when namely clip bud young sprout grows to 20 centimetres, pumping first second branch.One-level seedling will ensure to have the side shoot of 7 length more than 30 centimetres at least, usually at about 10.Substantially need not prune in the 2-3 of such nursery stock after the field planting of orchard, nearly all side shoot all can be used for result.In garden, the key of shaping how on raw young sprout then, inspires second branch, to form enough side shoots.Three kinds of methods are had to inspire second branch at present:
(1) spire method is wiped out: when 15-20 centimetre is grown in clip first blastogenesis, pinch or wipe out the first half of the spire that young sprout top is launched not yet completely, specific practice is that left hand thumb and forefinger pinch young sprout top, make female nail cover a little more than young sprout growing point, expose the first half of top spire, pinch by hand thumb first simultaneously or wipe out this part spire with little scissors, ensureing not injure young sprout growing point.Like this can past release young sprout top to the suppression of lateral bud, make lateral bud sprout into second branch very soon.Method is weekly like this, if young sprout growth is very fast, also can 3-5 days once, connect and be 4-6 time.
(2) spraying general Lip river Malin (Promalin): general Lip river Malin, containing the GA4+7 of the 50% and 6-BA of 50%, can promote the sprouting of young sprout lateral bud.Spraying when general young sprout grows to 15-20 centimetre, only spray once, often with wipe out spire and be combined.General Lip river Malin's working concentration is 2.5-5%, adds a little spreader-sticker.With manual sprayer young sprout top of respraying, top wet even have lower of drop till.
(3) spraying 6-BA: a spraying 6-BA also can promote sprouting of lateral bud.When clip bud pumping young sprout grows to 15-20 centimetre, start spraying, concentration is every 100 liters and contains 30-60 gram of 6-BA active ingredient, adds a little spreader-sticker.Spreader-sticker wants appropriate, do not add or very little then liquid can not be attached on the spire of band hair, spire of likely burning too much.Once in a week, spray 4-6 time is connected.In fact be also only spray 1-2 time and with wipe out spire and combine and can obtain better effect.
Newly slightly will note spreading angle at any time at Growing season to the secondary inspired, to control the growth rugosity of side shoot, promotion part becomes colored then.Final formation within 3 years, take root be, Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock that 2 years raw trunks, 1 Nian Sheng center dry doubling raw 6-12 secondary side shoot.
Existing external short branch technology, needs to grope detailed working specification, and these aspect Holland, France, Italian nursery stock company technique are maintained secrecy.
China is apple production state maximum in the world and country of consumption, the Apple Culture gross area 3090.3 ten thousand mu in 2012, gross yield 3849.1 ten thousand tons (China Statistical Yearbook in 2013), accounts for 42.54% and 48.44% of world's apple gross area and gross yield respectively.The advantage of scale of China's Apple Industry is fairly obvious, but yield per unit area, fruit total quality also have larger gap with orchard economic benefit compared with world's apple advanced production country, and cause this gap major reason to be China's Apple Culture system and technology mode backwardness.China's apple developed on a large scale period in the eighties in last century and the beginning of the nineties, main popularization be tall anvil planting culture pattern, the orchard of current China 90% is set up according to this cultivation mode, only have the orchard of 10% to adopt dwarfing interstock to build garden, and Dwarf rootstocks orchard is less than 0.1%.Although this kind of cultivation mode contributes to the Apple Industry fast development of promotion China, but because orchard worker grasps and unreachable position tall anvil planting culture technology, in addition the defect of this pattern self, causes that most of orchard is airtight, illumination is bad, result is late, yields poorly, fruit quality is poor.
Short anvil intensive culture is developing direction and the trend of world's apple production.The cultivation of apple dwarf interstock is the principal mode of China's apple dwarf cultivation at present, has played important effect aborning.Compared with dwarfing interstock apple seedling, Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is bred in whole process and is not used true seed to sow, and seedling growth individual difference is little, neat and consistent, and Jian Yuan garden looks are neat, and early, output is high, quality better for result.Apple production developed country of the world (as the U.S., France, Italy) extensively adopts apple dwarf from the cultivation of root anvil, the orchard establishing of application Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, and short anvil apple accounts for the apple gross area more than 90%, and export volume accounts for always produces more than 30%.
Apple in Shaanxi province area under cultivation and the gross yield whole nation first.Apple orchard area 997.83 ten thousand mu in 2013, apple gross yield 942.82 ten thousand tons (2013 Shaanxi Province fruit industry statistical communique of development), accounts for 30% of national total area, 25% of gross yield.Although be the large province of apple, be not that apple production is economized by force, with the plantation level in Shandong and per unit area yield gap larger; Gap is larger compared with apple production developed country of the world.Main cause is that Shaanxi Apple area is large, and the intensive efficient orchard area of short anvil is little, and science and technology demonstration and promotion rate are unable to catch up with apple area and are gathered way.In order to improve the international competitiveness of apple in Shaanxi province, promote Apple Industry upgrading, in recent years, Baoji, Shaanxi province city Qianyang County general first introduces European multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling and builds garden, sets up Dwarf rootstocks propagation by layering garden, obtains good effect.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, comprise the field planting of Dwarf rootstocks seedling, apple variety grafting and management and annual multi-branched apple seedling cultivates two parts.1st year, the field planting of Dwarf rootstocks seedling, apple variety grafting and management, required Dwarf rootstocks height of seedling degree 60-90cm, above 10cm place, position of taking root rugosity 6 ~ 12mm, well developed root system, side root more than 10; Late March ~ early April, every mu of field planting about 2775 strain, more than 3000 strains, must not do from root anvil seedling stem height 40cm place cutting back after field planting surely by distance between rows and hills 0.8m × 0.3m or 0.6m × 0.4m field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling; The complete rear micro spray irrigation of field planting, irrigates ground, late June remove from root anvil seedling do high 25cm sentence under all branches; Topdress for 6 ~ July 2 times, each every strain, from root anvil seedling sealing fertilizer 5g, is poured water after fertilising in time.Before kind grafting, Dwarf rootstocks seedling is poured water, and improves graft survival rate; In 8 months, the last ten-days period adopt band wooden bud grafting method, do not reveal bud grafting apple variety; The season of growth keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller, oriental moth and powdery mildew, rust, early defoliation disease, ensure rich water supply, enter winter front nursery and water freeze-up water.2nd year, annual multi-branched apple seedling was cultivated, and required that apple variety was buddered and sprouted anterior canal sealing fertilizer 50kg/ mu spring, will guarantee liquid manure supply before the season of growth, especially each young sprout urged branch process, late Febuary ~ early March, above apple variety is buddered, anvil is cut and membrane removal by 5 ~ 10mm place, and clip is wanted level and smooth and tilted slightly toward the back side of buddering, after cutting anvil, membrane removal, before mid-March, kind budders sprouting, spray Baume 5 degree of lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan, erase in time rudiment on Dwarf rootstocks, sprout the tip and sprout tillers, guarantee that apple variety is buddered growth, before late May, remove all sublateral shoots within apple variety young sprout base portion 50cm in time as early as possible, in 6 months, the last ten-days period, wipe out the Dwarf rootstocks stub of more than kind grafting mouth, promote anvil stake clip to heal completely or ring-type healing, late May ~ mid-June starts, when apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 50cm, young sprout often grows 15 ~ 20cm, first pinch or wipe out the first half 6-7 sheet leaf of the spire launching not yet completely or grow up, adopt plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid again, concentration is the aqueous solution of 750mg/kg, spray young sprout, promote that annual apple seedling young sprout urgees branch, along with the growth of apple variety young sprout, carry out 2 short branch operations altogether, by the end of September, apple variety new-tip length on average can reach 172cm, the average 1.35cm of nursery stock rugosity, there is the branch 10 ~ 15 of 20 ~ 60cm at apple variety young sprout base portion 50 ~ 100cm place, so far, annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is just cultivated successfully.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, will describe the present invention more fully now, show various embodiment.But the present invention can implement in many different forms, and should not be interpreted as being confined to embodiment set forth herein.On the contrary, provide these embodiments to make the disclosure will be thoroughly with completely, and scope of the present invention is conveyed to those skilled in the art fully.
Technical solution of the present invention:
1st year: the field planting of Dwarf rootstocks seedling, apple variety grafting and management
(1) nursery land used prepares:
Traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, have irrigation conditions, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, sandy loam, loam, pH5.0 ~ 7.8; In first 5 years of Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting, do not breed fruit nursery stock or build apple orchard, best with kind of a corn, wheat grainfield; The October of Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting the previous year, grade, nursery lot uses sufficient base fertilizer, diammonium phosphate 100kg/ mu, Chicken dung fertilizer 2 tons/mu, spreads the chlopyrifos granule 1kg/ mu of insecticide 15%, plough deeply 40 ~ 50cm, leisure is also irrigated before frozen soil; Nursery lot subregion, every district area is no more than 15 mu, installs micro spray irrigation system, reserved 1, the wide road of 4m, is convenient to transport the field means of production;
(2) Dwarf rootstocks seedling prepares:
Resting stage prepares Dwarf rootstocks seedling, can select M26, B9, M9 and major clique T337 etc. thereof, require height of seedling 60-90cm, above 10cm place, position of taking root rugosity 6 ~ 12mm, well developed root system, side root more than 10 from root anvil seedling.
Every mu need prepare Dwarf rootstocks seedling about 3000 strain, and wet-storage is for subsequent use;
(3) Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting nursery planning:
By the end of February-early March, nursery lot of raking, by line-spacing 0.8m or 0.6m unwrapping wire planning Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting row, note staggering micro spray irrigation system pipeline facility, wholely, field is ridging not for flat furrow; Plant without willow, Chinese scholartree, pine and cypress tree within 15m around nursery lot;
(4) Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting:
Resident time: late March ~ early April;
Plantation density: distance between rows and hills 0.8m × 0.3m or 0.6m × 0.4m, every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling must not more than 3000 strains.
Mode of planting: adopt rectangle mode field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling, uprightly plant from root anvil seedling, dig vesicle field planting, dark about the 20cm in cave, unfold rear ridging from root anvil shoot root system and tread soil, ground grading, surely doing from root anvil seedling stem height 40cm place cutting back after field planting, clip is closed with seal and shear oil or ready-mixed oil stop-off lacquer, the strain of every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling about 2775 after cutting back.The complete rear micro spray irrigation of field planting, irrigates ground, about needs 20-30 minute.
(5) daily management and Dwarf rootstocks seedling growing state after field planting: weed a garden, strengthen moisture supply, pour water in time, intertillage soil moisture conservation, nursery stock base portion day in May burns then to prevent field planting, enriches foliage fertilizer; Forbidding weed killer herbicide.Late June is investigated, and can to sprout new buds 3-6 from root anvil seedling, new-tip length reaches 30-60cm, now can remove from root anvil seedling do high 25cm sentence under all branches, seedling is done smooth, is convenient to grafting in August apple variety and budders.Topdress before grafting 2 times, each every strain is from root anvil seedling sealing fertilizer 5g (N, P, K effective component content each 15%), and mu topdresses 10 ~ 20kg, pours water in time after fertilising.Before grafting, nursery stock is poured water, and can improve graft survival rate.
(6) apple variety grafting and management:
Fruit variety: rich No. 3 of Nagafu No.2, Li Gala, cigarette, rich No. 1 of gift, Early Fuji, Pink Lady, honey are crisp, jazz, tall and handsome, Qiao Najin major clique etc.
Scion gathers: before grafting, from kind cutting orchard maternal plant, gathers without the full annual young sprout of the sprout of quarantine damage by disease and insect as scion, removes blade, only stay a bit of petiole, puts that shady and cool to locate wet-storage for subsequent use.Scion is with adopting with connecing, and standing time must not more than 2 weeks.Grafting the previous day, scion clip is placed in clear water downwards, absorbs water more than 12 hours, can graft survival rate be improved.
Grafting time: in 8 months, the last ten-days period.
Grafting method and mode: adopt the wooden bud grafting method of band, do not reveal bud grafting, apple variety is buddered and do not sprouted then.It is white clear or pink hyaline membrane that requirement connects tree film, width 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, length 11.5 ~ 15.5cm.
Graft position: budder one doing high 20cm place grafting apple variety from root anvil seedling.Budder grafting in direction windward, the general grafting in Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China in northwest to.
Managing after grafting: grafting checks after one week and survives situation, connects the timely benefit do not survived.Note weeding, loosen the soil, topdress and pour water, in conjunction with basal dressing (executing decay sheep excrement fertilizer 2 tons for every mu) before entering the winter, freeze-up water must be watered in nursery.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller and powdery mildew, rust; Keypoint control oriental moth and early defoliation disease after August.
2nd year: annual multi-branched apple seedling is cultivated
(8) anvil and membrane removal is cut: late Febuary ~ early March, nursery stock cuts anvil and membrane removal before germinateing in time, promotes to budder sprouting.Above apple variety is buddered, all branches on Dwarf rootstocks seedling are wiped out by 5 ~ 10mm place, and clip is wanted level and smooth and tilted slightly toward the back side of buddering, and removing is simultaneously buddered and wrapped up connect tree film.
(9) except sprouting: after cutting anvil and membrane removal, the rudiment on Dwarf rootstocks of erasing in time, sprouting the tip and sprout tillers, guaranteeing that apple variety is buddered growth.Repeated multiple times carrying out is wanted, general 3-4 time except sprouting.Before late May, also should remove as early as possible in time for all sublateral shoots within apple variety base portion 50cm (namely because position is low, becoming useless branch).In 6 months, the last ten-days period, in seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the Dwarf rootstocks stub of more than kind grafting mouth 5 ~ 10mm, be convenient to anvil stake clip and heal completely or ring-type healing.
(10) annual apple seedling young sprout urgees the application of branch technology:
Short branch medicament: the plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid that Zhejiang Shenghua Biok Biology Co., Ltd. produces, total effective component content is 3.6%, and wherein benayl aminopurine content is 1.8%, and gibberellic acid A4, A7 content is 1.8%, and formulation is missible oil.
Medicament working concentration: plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid working concentration is 750mg/kg, uses clear water wiring solution-forming.
The short supporting operation of branch and medicament processing method: the first half (being generally 6-7 sheet leaf) of first pinching or wiping out in the 15 ~ 20cm of young sprout top the spire launching not yet completely or grow up, must not injure young sprout growing point; Spray short branch medicament in 15 ~ 20cm place, young sprout top with manual sprayer again, squirt with young sprout top young leaflet tablet, lateral bud and have lower of liquid to be advisable.In seedling growth process, the supporting operation of this short branch and chemicals treatment carry out twice altogether, and each only process young sprout top, not reprocessing same position young sprout (or limb), twice processing time is spaced apart about two weeks.
Young sprout is urged branch and is specifically implemented and effect:
Late May ~ mid-June starts, when apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 50cm, young sprout often grows 15 ~ 20cm, the short branch chemicals treatment 15 ~ 20cm young sprout of application once, the suppression of young sprout top to lateral bud can be removed, make lateral bud sprout into second branch (i.e. sublateral shoot or branch) very soon.First time process, after 2 weeks, meeting growth-promoting branch 7-11 in handled 15 ~ 20cm young sprout position and the above 3-5 that will a grow lateral bud is individual, and average 8-9, each branch length reaches 3-10cm, average about 6-7cm; Each lateral bud processed can grow branch, and branch residing section on young sprout reaches 20 ~ 30cm, average 25cm.Urge branch chemicals treatment after two weeks in first time, when apple variety young sprout top reaches 15 ~ 20cm without branch section, carry out the process of second time branch, processing method is identical with first time, after two weeks in second time process, can produce and process same effect with first time.Whole season of growth young sprout is urged branch technical finesse and is operated 2 times altogether.
By the end of September, apple variety new-tip length (i.e. nursery stock kind height) on average can reach 172cm, is up to 201cm, and the average 1.35cm of nursery stock rugosity, the most slightly reaches 1.90cm, and there is the branch 10 ~ 15 of 20 ~ 60cm at apple variety young sprout base portion 50 ~ 100cm place.Apple nursery stock quality meets and exceeds the requirement of GB9847-2003 " apple nursery stock " one-level nursery stock completely.So far, annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is just cultivated successfully.
(11) soil, water, fertile management: apple variety was buddered and sprouted front ditching-fertilizing, every mu of sealing fertilizer 50kg (N, P spring
2o
5, K
2o content is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%); The season of growth before rain or irrigate time at every turn every mu impose urea 15-20kg, impose altogether 3 times (May, June, July), pour water in time after fertilising.To water before each young sprout urgees branch process.Note intertill and clean tillage, preserving soil moisture.
(12) extermination of disease and insect pest: after cutting anvil, membrane removal, before mid-March, kind budders sprouting, spray Baume 5 degree of lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan; Rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller and powdery mildew, rust; Keypoint control oriental moth and early defoliation disease after August.
(13) lifting and classification: before autumn frozen soil or next spring soil thaw after, before Sprout period, adopt artificial or mechanical lifting, the damage to root system should be reduced as far as possible, according to GB9847-2003 " apple nursery stock " quality requirement, carry out seedling sorting, sale.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, be not limited to the present invention.The present invention can have various suitable change and change.All any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a breeding method for annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, is characterized in that:
Described method is by Dwarf rootstocks seedling of planting the 1st year spring, and grafting in August apple variety, kind is not sprouted then, and the 2nd year spring cut anvil, and kind is sprouted, and adopts short branch technology, cultivates annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling.
2. the breeding method of a kind of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described method comprises the field planting of Dwarf rootstocks seedling, apple variety grafting and management and annual multi-branched apple seedling cultivates two parts, 1st year, the field planting of Dwarf rootstocks seedling, apple variety grafting and management, required Dwarf rootstocks height of seedling degree 60-90cm, above 10cm place, position of taking root rugosity 6 ~ 12mm, well developed root system, side root more than 10, late March ~ early April, every mu of field planting about 2775 strain, more than 3000 strains, must not do from root anvil seedling stem height 40cm place cutting back after field planting surely by distance between rows and hills 0.8m × 0.3m or 0.6m × 0.4m field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling, the complete rear micro spray irrigation of field planting, irrigates ground, late June remove from root anvil seedling do high 25cm sentence under all branches, topdress for 6 ~ July 2 times, each every strain, from root anvil seedling sealing fertilizer 5g, is poured water after fertilising in time, before kind grafting, Dwarf rootstocks seedling is poured water, and improves graft survival rate, in 8 months, the last ten-days period adopt band wooden bud grafting method, do not reveal bud grafting apple variety, the season of growth keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller, oriental moth and powdery mildew, rust, early defoliation disease, ensure rich water supply, enter winter front nursery and water freeze-up water, 2nd year, annual multi-branched apple seedling is cultivated, requirement apple variety in spring is buddered and is sprouted anterior canal sealing fertilizer 50kg/ mu, the season of growth will guarantee liquid manure supply before especially each young sprout urgees branch process, late Febuary ~ early March, above apple variety is buddered, anvil is cut and membrane removal by 5 ~ 10mm place, and clip is wanted level and smooth and tilted slightly toward the back side of buddering, after cutting anvil, membrane removal, before mid-March, apple variety budders sprouting, spray Baume 5 degree of lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan, erase in time rudiment on Dwarf rootstocks, sprout the tip and sprout tillers, guarantee that apple variety is buddered growth, before late May, remove all sublateral shoots within apple variety young sprout base portion 50cm in time as early as possible, in 6 months, the last ten-days period, wipe out the Dwarf rootstocks stub of more than kind grafting mouth, promote anvil stake clip to heal completely or ring-type healing, late May ~ mid-June starts, when apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 50cm, young sprout often grows 15 ~ 20cm, first pinch or wipe out the first half 6-7 sheet leaf of the spire launching not yet completely or grow up, adopt plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid again, concentration is the aqueous solution of 750mg/kg, spray young sprout, promote that annual apple seedling young sprout urgees branch, along with the growth of apple variety young sprout, carry out 2 short branch operations altogether, by the end of September, apple variety new-tip length on average can reach 172cm, the average 1.35cm of nursery stock rugosity, there is the branch 10 ~ 15 of 20 ~ 60cm at apple variety young sprout base portion 50 ~ 100cm place, so far, annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is just cultivated successfully.
3. the breeding method of a kind of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
1st year: the field planting of Dwarf rootstocks seedling, apple variety grafting and management
(1) nursery land used prepares:
Traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, have irrigation conditions, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, sandy loam, loam, pH5.0 ~ 7.8; In first 5 years of Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting, do not breed fruit nursery stock or build apple orchard, best with kind of a corn, wheat grainfield; The October of Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting the previous year, grade, nursery lot uses sufficient base fertilizer, diammonium phosphate 100kg/ mu, Chicken dung fertilizer 2 tons/mu, spreads the chlopyrifos granule 1kg/ mu of insecticide 15%, plough deeply 40 ~ 50cm, leisure is also irrigated before frozen soil; Nursery lot subregion, every district area is no more than 15 mu, installs micro spray irrigation system, reserved 1, the wide road of 4m, is convenient to transport the field means of production;
(2) Dwarf rootstocks seedling prepares:
Resting stage prepares Dwarf rootstocks seedling, can select M26, B9, M9 and major clique T337 etc. thereof, require height of seedling 60-90cm, above 10cm place, position of taking root rugosity 6 ~ 12mm, well developed root system, side root more than 10 from root anvil seedling;
Every mu need prepare Dwarf rootstocks seedling about 3000 strain, and wet-storage is for subsequent use;
(3) Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting nursery planning:
By the end of February-early March, nursery lot of raking, by line-spacing 0.8m or 0.6m unwrapping wire planning Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting row, note staggering micro spray irrigation system pipeline facility, wholely, field is ridging not for flat furrow; Plant without willow, Chinese scholartree, pine and cypress tree within 15m around nursery lot;
(4) Dwarf rootstocks seedling field planting:
Resident time: late March ~ early April;
Plantation density: distance between rows and hills 0.8m × 0.3m or 0.6m × 0.4m, every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling must not more than 3000 strains;
Mode of planting: adopt rectangle mode field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling, uprightly plant from root anvil seedling, dig vesicle field planting, dark about the 20cm in cave, unfold rear ridging from root anvil shoot root system and tread soil, ground grading, surely doing from root anvil seedling stem height 40cm place cutting back after field planting, clip is closed with seal and shear oil or ready-mixed oil stop-off lacquer, the strain of every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks seedling about 2775 after cutting back; The complete rear micro spray irrigation of field planting, irrigates ground, about needs 20-30 minute;
(5) daily management and Dwarf rootstocks seedling growing state after field planting: weed a garden, strengthen moisture supply, pour water in time, intertillage soil moisture conservation, nursery stock base portion day in May burns then to prevent field planting, enriches foliage fertilizer; Forbidding weed killer herbicide; Late June is investigated, and can to sprout new buds 3-6 from root anvil seedling, new-tip length reaches 30-60cm, now can remove from root anvil seedling do high 25cm sentence under all branches, seedling is done smooth, is convenient to grafting in August apple variety and budders; Topdress before grafting 2 times, each every strain is from root anvil seedling sealing fertilizer 5g (N, P, K effective component content each 15%), and mu topdresses 10 ~ 20kg, pours water in time after fertilising; Before grafting, nursery stock is poured water, and can improve graft survival rate;
(6) apple variety grafting and management:
Fruit variety: rich No. 3 of Nagafu No.2, Li Gala, cigarette, rich No. 1 of gift, Early Fuji, Pink Lady, honey are crisp, jazz, tall and handsome, Qiao Najin major clique etc.;
Scion gathers: before grafting, from kind cutting orchard maternal plant, gathers without the full annual young sprout of the sprout of quarantine damage by disease and insect as scion, removes blade, only stay a bit of petiole, puts that shady and cool to locate wet-storage for subsequent use; Scion is with adopting with connecing, and standing time must not more than 2 weeks; Grafting the previous day, scion clip is placed in clear water downwards, absorbs water more than 12 hours, can graft survival rate be improved;
Grafting time: in 8 months, the last ten-days period;
Grafting method and mode: adopt the wooden bud grafting method of band, do not reveal bud grafting, apple variety is buddered and do not sprouted then; It is white clear or pink hyaline membrane that requirement connects tree film, width 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, length 11.5 ~ 15.5cm:
Graft position: budder one doing high 20cm place grafting apple variety from root anvil seedling; Budder grafting in direction windward, the general grafting in Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China in northwest to;
Managing after grafting: grafting checks after one week and survives situation, connects the timely benefit do not survived; Note weeding, loosen the soil, topdress and pour water, in conjunction with basal dressing (executing decay sheep excrement fertilizer 2 tons for every mu) before entering the winter, freeze-up water must be watered in nursery;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller and powdery mildew, rust; Keypoint control oriental moth and early defoliation disease after August;
2nd year: annual multi-branched apple seedling is cultivated
(8) anvil and membrane removal is cut: late Febuary ~ early March, nursery stock cuts anvil and membrane removal before germinateing in time, promotes to budder sprouting; Above apple variety is buddered, all branches on Dwarf rootstocks seedling are wiped out by 5 ~ 10mm place, and clip is wanted level and smooth and tilted slightly toward the back side of buddering, and removing is simultaneously buddered and wrapped up connect tree film;
(9) except sprouting: after cutting anvil and membrane removal, the rudiment on Dwarf rootstocks of erasing in time, sprouting the tip and sprout tillers, guaranteeing that apple variety is buddered growth; Repeated multiple times carrying out is wanted, general 3-4 time except sprouting; Before late May, also should remove as early as possible in time for all sublateral shoots within apple variety base portion 50cm (namely because position is low, becoming useless branch); In 6 months, the last ten-days period, in seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out the Dwarf rootstocks stub of more than kind grafting mouth 5 ~ 10mm, be convenient to anvil stake clip and heal completely or ring-type healing;
(10) annual apple seedling young sprout urgees the application of branch technology:
Short branch medicament: the plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid that Zhejiang Shenghua Biok Biology Co., Ltd. produces, total effective component content is 3.6%, and wherein benayl aminopurine content is 1.8%, and gibberellic acid A4, A7 content is 1.8%, and formulation is missible oil;
Medicament working concentration: plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellic acid working concentration is 750mg/kg, uses clear water wiring solution-forming;
The short supporting operation of branch and medicament processing method: the first half (being generally 6-7 sheet leaf) of first pinching or wiping out in the 15 ~ 20cm of young sprout top the spire launching not yet completely or grow up, must not injure young sprout growing point; Spray short branch medicament in 15 ~ 20cm place, young sprout top with manual sprayer again, squirt with young sprout top young leaflet tablet, lateral bud and have lower of liquid to be advisable; In seedling growth process, the supporting operation of this short branch and chemicals treatment carry out twice altogether, each only process young sprout top, not reprocessing same position young sprout (or limb), and twice processing time is spaced apart about two weeks;
Young sprout is urged branch and is specifically implemented and effect:
Late May ~ mid-June starts, when apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 50cm, young sprout often grows 15 ~ 20cm, the short branch chemicals treatment 15 ~ 20cm young sprout of application once, the suppression of young sprout top to lateral bud can be removed, make lateral bud sprout into second branch (i.e. sublateral shoot or branch) very soon; First time process, after 2 weeks, meeting growth-promoting branch 7-11 in handled 15 ~ 20cm young sprout position and the above 3-5 that will a grow lateral bud is individual, and average 8-9, each branch length reaches 3-10cm, average about 6-7cm; Each lateral bud processed can grow branch, and branch residing section on young sprout reaches 20 ~ 30cm, average 25cm; Urge branch chemicals treatment after two weeks in first time, when apple variety young sprout top reaches 15 ~ 20cm without branch section, carry out the process of second time branch, processing method is identical with first time, after two weeks in second time process, can produce and process same effect with first time; Whole season of growth young sprout is urged branch technical finesse and is operated 2 times altogether;
By the end of September, apple variety new-tip length (i.e. nursery stock kind height) on average can reach 172cm, is up to 201cm, and the average 1.35cm of nursery stock rugosity, the most slightly reaches 1.90cm, and there is the branch 10 ~ 15 of 20 ~ 60cm at apple variety young sprout base portion 50 ~ 100cm place; Apple nursery stock quality meets and exceeds the requirement of GB9847-2003 " apple nursery stock " one-level nursery stock completely; So far, annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is just cultivated successfully;
(11) soil, water, fertile management: apple variety was buddered and sprouted front ditching-fertilizing, every mu of sealing fertilizer 50kg (N, P spring
2o
5, K
2o content is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%); The season of growth before rain or irrigate time at every turn every mu impose urea 15-20kg, impose altogether 3 times (May, June, July), pour water in time after fertilising; To water before each young sprout urgees branch process; Note intertill and clean tillage, preserving soil moisture;
(12) extermination of disease and insect pest: after cutting anvil, membrane removal, before mid-March, kind budders sprouting, spray Baume 5 degree of lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan; Rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, apple tip leaf roller and powdery mildew, rust; Keypoint control oriental moth and early defoliation disease after August;
(13) lifting and classification: before autumn frozen soil or next spring soil thaw after, before Sprout period, adopt artificial or mechanical lifting, the damage to root system should be reduced as far as possible, according to GB9847-2003 " apple nursery stock " quality requirement, carry out seedling sorting, sale.
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| CN113924914B (en) * | 2021-10-05 | 2022-09-23 | 李荣连 | Dwarfing high-efficiency close planting cultivation method for apples |
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