CN103340084A - Cultivation method ensuring field growth time of fen-flavor tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Cultivation method ensuring field growth time of fen-flavor tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method ensuring field growth time of fen-flavor tobacco leaves and belongs to the technical field of the tobacco plant cultivating technology. The method comprises the working procedures of float breeding, soil preparation, ridging, under-membrane transplanting, membrane covering period management, and field management. A seeding period is from the middle ten days of October to the middle ten days of December. A floating disk float breeding method is adopted. Hardening-seedling is conducted for 8-14 days before transplantation. Soil is broken, and moisture in the soil is stored. Soil is prepared, and a field is irrigated. Ridges are built up with 100-120cm row distances. The height of each ridge is 20-30cm. The width of the bottom of each ridge is 75-95cm. Base fertilizer is added at ridging time in a double-strip mode. A transplanting period is from the middle ten days of January to the last ten days of March. Caves are built up with 45-55cm plant distances. The width of each cave is 10-15cm. The depth of each cave is 15-20cm. 1-2kg root locating water is watered on each plant after transplantation. Land membrane is covered. Fertilize plants additionally for two times after transplantation. Seedlings are induced when tops of tobacco seedlings jack the membrane on the 15th-25th day. The field membrane is uncovered when the tobacco seedlings enter the middle flourishing growth period. Ridging, weeding, watering, tip pruning and branch removing are conducted timely. The method can effectively ensure the field growth time of tobacco leaves, improves the output and the quality of tobaccos, increases the accumulation of aroma substances, and strengthens the fragrance style of fen-flavor tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cigarette strain and cultivate technical field, be specifically related to a kind ofly can effectively ensure the delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf cultivation method of grown in field time.
Background technology
The length of flue-cured tobacco grown in field time is different because of kind and the cultivation condition of flue-cured tobacco, be generally 100 ~ 130 days, in order to obtain the high quality and stable yield of tobacco leaf, must be according to the growth and development characteristics of each growing stage cigarette strain of land for growing field crops, take corresponding cultivation technique measure, short control rationally, scientific management, grow with the normal growth that promotes the cigarette strain, guarantee appearance features and interior quality that tobacco leaf is good.At first, the length of hardening phase to the cigarette strain grow and product, the quality of tobacco leaf just has very important influence, through hardening, the one-tenth seedling quality of cigarette seedling will be significantly improved, it is fast to return seedling after the transplanting, grows in advance, and the botany proterties of cigarette strain and economic characters just can be of good performance.
The cigarette strain is called also seedling stage from being transplanted to survive, its length is obvious with the quality difference of transplanting quality because of the quality of transplanted seedling, if root system is affected during the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, absorbing capacity weakens, and the transpiration of acrial part does not subtract, easily cause in the cigarette strain body water deficit and listless withering occur, must treat the growth of cigarette strain root regeneration after, the cigarette seedling could continue normal growth.Have only the growing environment characteristics according to the cigarette strain, and take into full account the characteristic of growing of different cigarette strain kinds, select suitable transplanting condition, could effectively shorten the also seedling stage of cigarette strain, make cigarette strain transplanting back few as far as possible, even do not stop growing.
Behind the cigarette strain transplant survival, stem, leaf recover growth, are called to group and stretch the root phase from going back seedling, and along with the growth of cigarette strain, the blade hyperplasia speeds up, and overstriking is also extended by stem.Although see on the whole, stretch the organic centre of root phase cigarette strain still under ground portion, aerial growth is still slow, but be the critical period that determines cigarette strain blade quantity and blade size during this, the activity of cigarette strain internal metabolism is based on nitrogen metabolism, the organic matter that photosynthesis produces is for sufficient preparation is carried out in the vigorous growth of cigarette strain.If can intertill, earth up, topdress according to the variation of growth characteristics and the conditions such as the precipitation in the growing environment, illumination and temperature of different cigarette strains in good time, can impel the sane growth of cigarette strain, increase the flavor matter accumulation.
Prosperous long-term to what budding from group, the organic centre of cigarette strain transfers to acrial part under ground portion, the stem overstriking of growing tall rapidly, lobe numbers and area increase sharply, see on the whole, still to nourish and grow, the metabolism in the cigarette strain is changed to the carbon metabolism gradually by nitrogen metabolism in prosperous long-term growth, thereby this cigarette strain growth in period having relatively high expectations to illumination, fertile amount and irrigation.Only under light, fertilizer and water coordination of supplies, good situation, the cauline leaf of cigarette strain could stable growth, if field management measure is improper, then can cause the late-maturing of cigarette strain, is unfavorable for the raising of yield of tobacco and quality.
After the cigarette strain is buddingged, lower tobacco leaf is old and feeble gradually, stop growing gradually from bottom to top, ripe successively, the cigarette strain grow into reproductive stage, organic nutriment of making in the tobacco leaf is mainly for blossoming and bearing fruit needs, be unfavorable for the accumulation of dry matter in the tobacco leaf, often pinch to suppress the reproductive growth of cigarette strain this moment by the cigarette strain, and this has promoted the growth successively of axillalry bud on the contrary, yet the growth of axillalry bud can consume the nutrient in the tobacco leaf equally, has reduced output and the quality of tobacco leaf.Therefore, strengthen the final-period management of vega, pinch in good time, smear wooden fork, regulation and control moisture, and in time adopt roastingly, and improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition in big field, just be conducive to metabolism and the accumulation of flavor matter in the tobacco leaf, the fragrance style of reinforcement delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf.
Generally speaking, in order further to improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaf, be necessary breediness and growing environment characteristics according to the cigarette strain, select suitable cultivation method to ensure the grown in field time of tobacco leaf.Research situation with regard to present domestic foreign cigarette strain cultivation, although cigarette strain every fosters, administrative skill is being improved and standard day by day, the supporting control technique of grown in field time of the different places of production, the strain of different flavor cigarette is still lacked concrete effectively specific aim research.With regard to Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, influencing topmost factor of cigarette strain grown in field time is the arid of transplanting after date, is unfavorable for cigarette strain early growth and quick tiller; In the Fujian tobacco district, the principal element that influences the cigarette strain grown in field time then is the low temperature of transplanting phase, the high temperature in maturing stage and disease; And for Guizhou and Sichuan Yan Qu, low temperature and the arid of transplanting the phase also have very severe inhibition effect to growing of cigarette strain.
Therefore, investigate the influence that different cultivations foster measure that the peculiar flue-cured tobacco cultivars in southern cigarette district is grown, on the basis in conjunction with local production practices, research and develop a kind of grown in field time that can effectively ensure southern cigarette district delicate fragrance type tobacco leaves such as Yunnan, Guizhou and Fujian, improve yield of tobacco, increase the flavor matter accumulation, strengthen the cultivation method for matching of fragrance style, to adapt to market competition, current leaf tobacco production had very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
In order to remedy the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can effectively ensure the delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf cultivation method of grown in field time.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprises transplanting under floating seedlings, whole ground ridging, the film, overlay film period management, field management operation, specifically comprises:
A, floating seedlings: the cigarette seedling be sowing time mid-December to mid-March, after cigarette seed was broadcast matrix and planted the hole, the floating plate of will growing seedlings placed nutritional bed pond face, fertilizer is cut off the water supply, is controlled in leaf-cutting when treating cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm before the transplanting, hardening 8 ~ 14 days, allow the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepare to transplant;
B, whole ground ridging: previous crop results back is shallow winter breaking in time, hack holds entropy before transplanting, the whole ground of deep ploughing, discharge water and irritate the field, press line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, the high 20 ~ 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5 ~ 3.5kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 is calculated and is used phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, mixes the back and applies as base fertilizer pair bars when the ridging;
Transplant under C, the film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is that mid-January in next year is to late March, beat the cave by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil that digs out in the cave place the top, ridge, support mulch film, to strengthen the cigarette transplantation of seedlings then, every strain cigarette seedling waters 1 ~ 2kg normal root water, and covering film is planted cigarette seedling top, back apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
D, overlay film period management: transplanted the back 7 ~ 9 days, and executed pure nitrogen level 1.2 ~ 1.7kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, water after mixing and execute; Transplanted the back 15 ~ 25 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, in time draw seedling, earthing topdresses, executes pure nitrogen level 1.3 ~ 1.8kg by every mu before the envelope hole and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, spread manuer in holes after mixing into cigarette strain one side, transplant the back 30 ~ 40 days, and took off mulch film when the cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term;
E, field management: take off and earth up immediately behind the mulch film, weeding, water, the Liu Ye and smear wooden fork of pinching, accomplish not have weeds, no ponding, no fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, no diseased plant, do not have that weak strain, nothing are short of seedling, no fertilizer deficiency, nothing are taken off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, fertilizer is cut off the water supply, controlled to cultivation of the present invention to the cigarette seedling before transplanting, and hardening 8 ~ 14 days has effectively been improved the one-tenth seedling quality of cigarette seedling, makes that to return seedling after the transplanting fast, and the cigarette strain is grown in advance, and the agronomy proterties of cigarette strain and economic characters performance are good.
2, cultivation of the present invention has taken into full account the climatic environment characteristics in southern cigarette district, to transplant the phase appropriateness in advance, method for transplanting under the binding film makes the whole growing of cigarette strain in advance, the low temperature effect of the phase of transplanting can be effectively avoided, high temperature and the disease in maturing stage can be avoided again.
3, because the insulation effect of mulch film, cigarette strain well-grown under the suitable and stable temperature in film, can take full advantage of the higher temperature of soil early stage in its growth, improve the subenvironment of cigarette strain growth, be conducive to the elongation of cigarette strain root system and the early growth of whole strain cigarette strain.Arrived the growth later stage then speed slow down, it is ripe to be conducive to the tobacco leaf Huang Cheng that in good time falls.
4, cultivation of the present invention is set plants preferred 1000 ~ 1200 strain/mus of smoke density, is conducive to the improvement of cigarette strain economical character, as increase plant height and lobe numbers, prolong in conjunction with the appropriateness of adopting the roasting phase, more be conducive to, the medium grade cigarette eurythmy, single leaf heavily increases obviously, whole economic efficiency is remarkable.
5, cultivation of the present invention has taken into full account cigarette strain growth in earlier stage, temp. and humidity is higher under the film, soil nutrient decomposes fast, moisture is in liberal supply, be unfavorable for the development of cigarette strain deep layer root system, adjusted fertilizing amount with suiting measures to local conditions, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element has been set at 1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, to reduce cigarette strain early ageing.
6, consider the quick growth of cigarette strain, root system flourishing back absorption ability of nutrient gradually strengthens, and is late-maturing for preventing the cigarette strain, is difficult to normally fall Huang, and fertilizing amount has been controlled in strictness, and adopts subregion, applies method by stages, and it is even to be conducive to soil fertility.
7, cultivation of the present invention is at the characteristics of southern part cigarette district drought and water shortage, discharges water before the transplanting to irritate the field, waters sufficient normal root water during transplanting, to the surviving and grow and play crucial facilitation of cigarette strain, effectively ensured output and the quality of tobacco leaf.
8, cultivation of the present invention can be according to the grow difference of characteristic of the difference of the variation of cigarette strain growing environment, cigarette strain kind and cigarette strain, select different functional form mulch films, cause the accretion rate of fragrant presoma material in the regulation and control tobacco leaf, strengthen the fragrance style of delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf.
9, at the climatic environment characteristics in southern cigarette district, the time period that cultivation of the present invention will be drawn seedling is located at the morning 8 ~ 10 o'clock or afternoon 5 ~ 7 o'clock carries out, and avoids the excessive temperature difference that the cigarette seedling is caused damage.Simultaneously, will take off film phase appropriateness in advance, avoid under strong sunshine condition early summer in the mulch film high temperature cigarette seedling of burning.
In sum, cultivation of the present invention has taken into full account the growing environment characteristics in southern cigarette district, can effectively ensure the grown in field time of tobacco leaf, promote growing of cigarette strain, improve mode of appearance and the interior quality of tobacco leaf, strengthen the fragrance style of delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf, the appropriateness reach of tobacco leaf planting phase, also help the optimum period interplanting of other crop, remarkable in economical benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that different transplanting method are handled flue-cured tobacco chlorophyll content in leaf blades down.
Fig. 2 is that different transplanting method are handled flue-cured tobacco blade soluble protein content down.
Fig. 3 is that different transplanting method are handled flue-cured tobacco blade pH value down.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is further illustrated, but never in any form the present invention is limited, based on any conversion that training centre of the present invention is done, the present invention all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
The cultivation method of guarantee delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf grown in field time of the present invention comprises operations such as transplanting under floating seedlings, whole ground ridging, the film, overlay film period management, field management, specifically may further comprise the steps:
A, floating seedlings: the cigarette seedling be sowing time mid-October to mid-December, after cigarette seed was broadcast matrix and planted the hole, the floating plate of will growing seedlings placed nutritional bed pond face, fertilizer is cut off the water supply, is controlled in leaf-cutting when treating cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm before the transplanting, hardening 8 ~ 14 days, allow the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepare to transplant;
B, whole ground ridging: previous crop results back is shallow winter breaking in time, hack holds entropy before transplanting, the whole ground of deep ploughing, discharge water and irritate the field, press line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, the high 20 ~ 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5 ~ 3.5kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 is calculated and is used phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, mixes the back and applies as base fertilizer pair bars when the ridging;
Transplant under C, the film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is that mid-January in next year is to late March, beat the cave by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil that digs out in the cave place the top, ridge, support mulch film, to strengthen the cigarette transplantation of seedlings then, every strain cigarette seedling waters 1 ~ 2kg normal root water, and covering film is planted cigarette seedling top, back apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
D, overlay film period management: transplanted the back 7 ~ 9 days, and executed pure nitrogen level 1.2 ~ 1.7kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, water after mixing and execute; Transplanted the back 15 ~ 25 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, in time draw seedling, earthing topdresses, executes pure nitrogen level 1.3 ~ 1.8kg by every mu before the envelope hole and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, spread manuer in holes after mixing into cigarette strain one side, transplant the back 30 ~ 40 days, and took off mulch film when the cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term;
E, field management: take off and earth up immediately behind the mulch film, weeding, water, the Liu Ye and smear wooden fork of pinching, accomplish not have weeds, no ponding, no fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, no diseased plant, do not have that weak strain, nothing are short of seedling, no fertilizer deficiency, nothing are taken off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Described sowing time is right
YunnanProvince producing region, preferred mid-February is to mid-March;
Right
FujianProvince producing region, preferred mid-December is to mid-January;
Leaf-cutting during described cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm, fertilizer is cut off the water supply, controlled in front and back 2 ~ 3 times before the transplanting, and hardening 10 ~ 12 days allows the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, after 2 ~ 3 days, prepares to transplant.
Described hack holds entropy, and deep ploughing wholely was preferably carried out before transplanting in 25 ~ 35 days.
Described hack holds moisture in the soil, behind the whole ground of deep ploughing, preferably discharges water in 10 ~ 20 days before transplanting and irritates the field.
Described pair of bar applies, and refers to transplanting the capable 8 ~ 12cm place, both sides of cigarette, opens the dark ditch of 10 ~ 15cm, will treat to apply after fertilising mixes.
The described transplanting phase, preferred mid-April was to mid-May for the producing region, Yunnan Province;
For the producing region, Fujian Province, preferred mid-February is to mid-March;
Described strong cigarette seedling refers to 40 ~ 60 days cigarette seedling of seedling age.
Described 40 ~ 60 days strong cigarette seedling has 6 true leaves.
Described beat the cave after, can apply weed killer herbicide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.
Described weed killer herbicide is napropamide.
After the described transplanting, can apply insecticide by the consumption of 275 ~ 330L/ mu.
Described insecticide is 2500 times of liquid medicines of 10% Permanone.
The transplanting density of described cigarette seedling is 1000 ~ 1200 strain/mus.
The preferred 1100 strain/mus of the transplanting density of described cigarette seedling.
After the described cigarette transplantation of seedlings, every strain cigarette seedling preferably waters 1.5kg normal root water.
Described mulch film is polyethylene film, polychloroethylene film or ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane.
Described mulch film is any in colourless mulch film, coloured mulch film or the alternate mulch film with color band that do not have colour band.
The color of described mulch film or the color of color band are redness, blueness or purple.
Wide 90 ~ the 110cm of described mulch film, thick 0.003 ~ 0.005mm.
Described covering film, preferred while transplanting the mode of overlay film, mulch film requirement tensioning, peripheral compacting.
Rose in 8 ~ 12 days behind the described covering film, can beat the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece, after this take the circumstances into consideration to increase the quantity of ventilation hole according to the growing state of cigarette seedling.
Described earthing topdresses, and preferably will treat to apply cigarette strain one side after fertilising mixes, and from cigarette strain 6 ~ 8cm, earthing seals hole then.
The described seedling that draws, preferred morning 8 ~ 10 o'clock or afternoon 5 ~ 7 o'clock are advisable, and are advisable during the described film of taking off, preferred weather are sunny day after day.
Described total fertilization amount is executed pure nitrogen level by every mu and is counted 5 ~ 7kg/ mu.
Described total fertilization amount is executed purity nitrogen by every mu and is preferably 6kg/ mu.
The roasting phase of adopting of described tobacco leaf is compared with normal cultivation, and lower tobacco leaf should postpone 0 ~ 5 day, and middle leaf should postpone 5 ~ 10 days, and upper leaf should postpone 10 ~ 15 days.
---the experiment place is that Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science's experiment kind is cloud and mist 87
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling sowing time is February 22, and after cigarette seed was broadcast matrix and planted the hole, the floating plate of will growing seedlings placed nutritional bed pond face, leaf-cutting when treating cigarette height of seedling 6cm, front and back 2 times.Cut off the water supply, control fertilizer before the transplanting, hardening 8 days allows the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepares after 2 days to transplant.
B: whole ground ridging: previous crop results back is shallow winter breaking in time, and transplant preceding 25 days hacks and hold entropy, the whole ground of deep ploughing, transplanting discharged water in preceding 10 days irritates the field.Press line-spacing 100cm ridging, the high 20cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: the weight ratio of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1:1.5:2.5 is calculated phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer amount used, mix the back as base fertilizer transplanting the capable 8cm place, both sides of cigarette, open the dark ditch of 10cm and apply.
C: transplant under the film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is April 1, beats the cave by the spacing in the rows of 45cm before transplanting, the wide 10cm in cave, dark 15cm, the soil that digs out in the cave place the top, ridge, the support mulch film, beat the cave after, apply napropamide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.With 40 days strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of seedling age, every strain cigarette seedling waters 1kg normal root water then, and the consumption by 275 ~ 330L/ mu applies 2500 times of liquid medicines of 10% Permanone again.Then, be covered with wide 90cm then, the red film of the polyethylene of thick 0.003mm is planted cigarette seedling top, back apart from mulch film 10cm.The overlay film while transplanting, mulch film requires tensioning, peripheral compacting.
D: overlay film period management: transplanted the back the 7th day, and executed pure nitrogen level 1.2kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1:1.5:2.5, water after mixing and execute.Rose in the 8th day behind the covering film, can beat the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5cm at seedling cave sidepiece, after this take the circumstances into consideration to increase the quantity of ventilation hole according to the growing state of cigarette seedling.Transplanted the back the 15th day, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, select in about at 9 o'clock in the morning, to draw film in one day during fine and draw seedling, earthing topdresses, executes pure nitrogen level 1.3kg by every mu before the envelope hole and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1:1.5:2.5, spread manuer in holes after mixing into cigarette strain one side, from cigarette strain 6cm, earthing seals hole then.Transplant the back the 30th day, and when the cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, selected to take off in one day mulch film during fine.
E: field management: take off and earth up immediately behind the mulch film, weeding, water, the Liu Ye and smear wooden fork of pinching, accomplish not have weeds, no ponding, no fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, no diseased plant, do not have that weak strain, nothing are short of seedling, no fertilizer deficiency, nothing are taken off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
---the experiment place is that the Zhao Weicun of Yuxi Hongta District experiment kind is K326
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling sowing time is February 19, and after cigarette seed was broadcast matrix and planted the hole, the floating plate of will growing seedlings placed nutritional bed pond face, leaf-cutting when treating cigarette height of seedling 7cm, front and back 3 times.Cut off the water supply, control fertilizer before the transplanting, hardening 14 days allows the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepares after 3 days to transplant.
B: whole ground ridging: previous crop results back is shallow winter breaking in time, and transplant preceding 35 days hacks and hold entropy, the whole ground of deep ploughing, transplanting discharged water in preceding 20 days irritates the field.Press line-spacing 120cm ridging, the high 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 3.5kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: the weight ratio of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.5:2.5:3.5 is calculated phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer amount used, mix the back as base fertilizer transplanting the capable 12cm place, both sides of cigarette, open the dark ditch of 15cm and apply.
C: transplant under the film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is April 21, beats the cave by the spacing in the rows of 55cm before transplanting, the wide 15cm in cave, dark 20cm, the soil that digs out in the cave place the top, ridge, support mulch film, beat the cave after, apply napropamide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.With 60 days strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of seedling age, every strain cigarette seedling waters 2kg normal root water then, and the consumption by 275 ~ 330L/ mu applies 2500 times of liquid medicines of 10% Permanone again.Then, be covered with wide 110cm then, the blue film of the polyvinyl chloride of thick 0.005mm is planted cigarette seedling top, back apart from mulch film 15cm.The overlay film while transplanting, mulch film requires tensioning, peripheral compacting.
D: overlay film period management: transplanted the back the 9th day, and executed pure nitrogen level 1.7kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.5:2.5:3.5, water after mixing and execute.Rose in the 12nd day behind the covering film, can make a call to the ventilation hole of two diameter 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece, after this take the circumstances into consideration to increase the quantity of ventilation hole according to the growing state of cigarette seedling.Transplanted the back the 25th day, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, select in about at 10 o'clock in the morning, to draw film in one day during fine and draw seedling, earthing topdresses, executes pure nitrogen level 1.8kg by every mu before the envelope hole and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.5:2.5:3.5, spread manuer in holes after mixing into cigarette strain one side, from cigarette strain 8cm, earthing seals hole then.Transplant the back the 40th day, and when the cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, selected to take off in one day mulch film during fine.
E: field management: take off and earth up immediately behind the mulch film, weeding, water, the Liu Ye and smear wooden fork of pinching, accomplish not have weeds, no ponding, no fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, no diseased plant, do not have that weak strain, nothing are short of seedling, no fertilizer deficiency, nothing are taken off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
---the experiment place is that the brave first township's experiment kind in Ning Er county, Puer City is cloud and mist 87
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling sowing time is February 17, and after cigarette seed was broadcast matrix and planted the hole, the floating plate of will growing seedlings placed nutritional bed pond face, leaf-cutting when treating cigarette height of seedling 6.5cm, front and back 2 times.Cut off the water supply, control fertilizer before the transplanting, hardening 10 days allows the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepares after 3 days to transplant.
B, whole ground ridging: previous crop results back is shallow winter breaking in time, and transplant preceding 30 days hacks and hold entropy, the whole ground of deep ploughing, transplanting discharged water in preceding 15 days irritates the field.Press line-spacing 110cm ridging, the high 25cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 85cm, execute pure nitrogen level 3kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: the weight ratio of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.2:2:3 is calculated phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer amount used, mix the back as base fertilizer transplanting the capable 10cm place, both sides of cigarette, open the dark ditch of 12cm and apply.
Transplant under C, the film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is April 9, beats the cave by the spacing in the rows of 50cm before transplanting, the wide 12cm in cave, dark 18cm, the soil that digs out in the cave place the top, ridge, the support mulch film, beat the cave after, apply napropamide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.With 50 days strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of seedling age, every strain cigarette seedling waters 1.5kg normal root water then, and the consumption by 275 ~ 330L/ mu applies 2500 times of liquid medicines of 10% Permanone again.Then, be covered with wide 100cm then, the ethene-vinyl acetate copolymerization purple membrane of thick 0.004mm is planted cigarette seedling top, back apart from mulch film 12cm.The overlay film while transplanting, mulch film requires tensioning, peripheral compacting.
D, overlay film period management: transplanted the back the 8th day, and executed pure nitrogen level 1.5kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.2:2:3, water after mixing and execute.Rose in the 10th day behind the covering film, can make a call to the ventilation hole of three diameter 0.6cm at seedling cave sidepiece, after this take the circumstances into consideration to increase the quantity of ventilation hole according to the growing state of cigarette seedling.Transplanted the back the 20th day, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, select in about at 6 o'clock in afternoon, to draw film in one day during fine and draw seedling, earthing topdresses, executes pure nitrogen level 1.5kg by every mu before the envelope hole and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer=1.2:2:3, spread manuer in holes after mixing into cigarette strain one side, from cigarette strain 7cm, earthing seals hole then.Transplant the back the 35th day, and when the cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, selected to take off in one day mulch film during fine.
E, field management: take off and earth up immediately behind the mulch film, weeding, water, the Liu Ye and smear wooden fork of pinching, accomplish not have weeds, no ponding, no fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, no diseased plant, do not have that weak strain, nothing are short of seedling, no fertilizer deficiency, nothing are taken off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
---different cultivation methods are to the influence of flue-cured tobacco blade maturity
Experimental technique: the experiment kind adopts local main breed " dark green No. 1 ", carries out in Fujian Province's tobacco agriculture official of Science Institute small stream base year July in October, 2010 ~ 2011.Experiment field soil pH 5.52, organic 16.6 mg/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content are 77.56 mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 22.83 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 64.65 mg/kg.2 processing are established in experiment altogether, repeat 4 times.
T
1---the transplanting method of embodiment 1.
T
2---method of contrast.Behind the whole furrow, cover mulch film earlier.Beat the cave with transplantation device by 50 cm spacing in the rows during transplanting, wide 10 cm in cave, dark 15 cm.After transplanting cigarette seedling was gone into the cave, the cigarette seedling degree of depth was identical with embodiment 1.
Sowing on October 19, transplant January 15 next year.40 strains are planted in every processing, repeat 3 times, and except difference was handled in experiment, all the other field management were with reference to high-quality cigarette production decision in the current year's production.
Testing index: adopt roasting before, each handles each 6 tobacco leaf of cigarette strain upper, middle and lower, avoids master pulse and offshoot punches, mixing with the card punch of 0.45cm2.Measure chlorophyll, soluble protein, pH value, measure 3 times, average; Picking and roasting when each handles the flue-cured tobacco maturation, and gather the mensuration that first flue-cured tobacco sample carries out relevant chemical qualities such as starch, total reducing sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine.
Experimental result:
(1) different transplanting method are to the influence of flue-cured tobacco different parts chlorophyll content in leaf blades (SPAD)
From Fig. 1 as seen, method for transplanting of the present invention is handled each position blade of flue-cured tobacco and is adopted SPAD value when roasting all less than contrast experiment's method.Chlorophyll is relevant with modulation back tobacco leaf color and luster, is one of main component that influences quality of tobacco and availability, and along with blade is tending towards proper mature (ripe), chlorophyll is continuous reduction trend, and the SPAD value is more little.This observed result shows that method for transplanting upper leaf blade SPAD value comparison of the present invention has reduced about 3 than test, and the comparison of middle leaf blade SPAD value has reduced about 6 than test, and leaf blade SPAD value comparison in bottom has reduced about 8 than test.
(2) different transplanting method are to the influence of flue-cured tobacco blade content of soluble protein
Protein be in the tobacco leaf with chemical composition jealous and the excitant significant positive correlation, tobacco leaf is in maturation, synthase activity scatters and disappears gradually and the catabolic enzyme activity is higher, will cause protein content to reduce.As seen from Figure 2, method for transplanting of the present invention is handled the content of soluble protein of each position blade of flue-cured tobacco all less than contrast experiment's method, and wherein, upper leaf content of soluble protein comparative trial has reduced by 18%, and middle leaf has reduced by 8%, and the bottom leaf has reduced by 19%.
(3) different transplanting method are to the influence of flue-cured tobacco blade pH
Tobacco leaf is in maturation, and dry matter decomposes a large amount of acidic materials of generation gradually, and alkaline matter then accumulates comparatively slow, makes the pH value reduce gradually.As seen from Figure 3, method for transplanting of the present invention is handled the pH value of each position blade of flue-cured tobacco all less than contrast experiment's method, and wherein, upper leaf and the comparison of middle leaf pH value have reduced about 0.1 than test, and the bottom leaf has reduced about 0.2.
(4) different transplanting method are to the influence of flue-cured tobacco blade conventional chemical quality
The different transplanting method flue-cured tobacco of table 1 blade routine chemical components content
| The position | Handle | Starch (%) | Total reducing sugar (%) | Reducing sugar (%) | Nicotine (%) | |
| | Handle | 1 | 6.6 | 29.7 | 27.1 | 3.2 |
| ? | |
7.2 | 31.1 | 26.7 | 3.4 | |
| | Handle | 1 | 6.8 | 35.3 | 32.6 | 2.9 |
| ? | |
8.1 | 33.8 | 30.1 | 2.6 | |
| The | Handle | 1 | 5.4 | 37.5 | 34.5 | 1.2 |
| ? | |
5.8 | 35.8 | 31.9 | 1.0 |
Studies show that flue-cured tobacco blade starch reduces along with the raising of maturity, nicotine content then is tending towards proper mature (ripe) along with blade and increases.Upper leaf total reducing sugar and reducing sugar reduce along with the raising of maturity, and bottom leaf total reducing sugar and reducing sugar are along with the raising of the maturity trend of strong-minded increase then.By table 1 as seen, method for transplanting of the present invention is handled the junior tobacco leaf content of starch and is compared with contrast experiment's method, and upper leaf, middle leaf and bottom leaf have descended 8%, 16% and 7% respectively; Method for transplanting of the present invention is handled the junior tobacco leaf total sugar content and is compared with contrast experiment's method, and upper leaf has descended 4%, and middle leaf and bottom leaf have improved 4% and 5% respectively; Method for transplanting of the present invention is handled the junior tobacco leaf content of reducing sugar and is compared with contrast experiment's method, and upper leaf, middle leaf and bottom leaf have improved 1%, 8% and 8% respectively; Method for transplanting of the present invention is handled the junior tobacco leaf nicotine content and is compared with contrast experiment's method, and upper leaf has reduced by 6%, and middle leaf and bottom leaf have improved 1%, 12% and 20% respectively.
In sum, method for transplanting flue-cured tobacco leaf chlorophyll of the present invention, soluble protein, pH value all decrease, as seen it can ensure the grown in field time of delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf preferably, makes that its tobacco leaf chemical composition is tending towards coordinating, and improves the inherent chemical quality of tobacco leaf.
Claims (10)
1. one kind ensures the delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf cultivation method of grown in field time, it is characterized in that comprising transplanting under floating seedlings, whole ground ridging, the film, overlay film period management, field management operation, specifically comprises:
A, floating seedlings: the cigarette seedling be sowing time mid-December to mid-March, after cigarette seed was broadcast matrix and planted the hole, the floating plate of will growing seedlings placed nutritional bed pond face, fertilizer is cut off the water supply, is controlled in leaf-cutting when treating cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm before the transplanting, hardening 8 ~ 14 days, allow the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepare to transplant;
B, whole ground ridging: previous crop results back is shallow winter breaking in time, hack holds entropy before transplanting, the whole ground of deep ploughing, discharge water and irritate the field, press line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, the high 20 ~ 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5 ~ 3.5kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 is calculated and is used phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, mixes the back and applies as base fertilizer pair bars when the ridging;
Transplant under C, the film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is that mid-January in next year is to late March, beat the cave by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil that digs out in the cave place the top, ridge, support mulch film, to strengthen the cigarette transplantation of seedlings then, every strain cigarette seedling waters 1 ~ 2kg normal root water, and covering film is planted cigarette seedling top, back apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
D, overlay film period management: transplanted the back 7 ~ 9 days, and executed pure nitrogen level 1.2 ~ 1.7kg by every mu and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, water after mixing and execute; Transplanted the back 15 ~ 25 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, in time draw seedling, earthing topdresses, executes pure nitrogen level 1.3 ~ 1.8kg by every mu before the envelope hole and calculate the applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount are used in the weight ratio calculating of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, spread manuer in holes after mixing into cigarette strain one side, transplant the back 30 ~ 40 days, and took off mulch film when the cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term;
E, field management: take off and earth up immediately behind the mulch film, weeding, water, the Liu Ye and smear wooden fork of pinching, accomplish not have weeds, no ponding, no fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, no diseased plant, do not have that weak strain, nothing are short of seedling, no fertilizer deficiency, nothing are taken off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, leaf-cutting when it is characterized in that described cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm, fertilizer is cut off the water supply, controlled in front and back 2 ~ 3 times before the transplanting, and hardening 10 ~ 12 days allows the cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, after 2 ~ 3 days, prepares to transplant.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described hack holds moisture in the soil, behind the whole ground of deep ploughing, preferably discharges water in 10 ~ 20 days before transplanting and irritates the field.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described pair of bar applies, and refers to transplanting the capable 8 ~ 12cm place, both sides of cigarette, opens the dark ditch of 10 ~ 15cm, will treat to apply after fertilising mixes.
5. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, the transplanting density that it is characterized in that described cigarette seedling is 1000 ~ 1200 strain/mus.
6. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described mulch film is polyethylene film, polychloroethylene film or ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane, and described mulch film is any in colourless mulch film, coloured mulch film or the alternate mulch film with color band that do not have colour band.
7. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that behind the described covering film rising in 8 ~ 12 days, can beat the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece.
8. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it is to apply cigarette strain one side with treating after fertilising mixes that described earthing topdresses, and from cigarette strain 6 ~ 8cm, earthing seals hole then.
9. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described seedling that draws is to select the morning 8 ~ 10 o'clock or afternoon 5 ~ 7 o'clock to be advisable, and the described film of taking off is to be advisable during selecting weather sunny day after day.
10. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the phase of baking of adopting of described tobacco leaf is compared with normal cultivation, and lower tobacco leaf should postpone 4 ~ 6 days, and middle leaf should postpone 9 ~ 11 days, and upper leaf should postpone 14 ~ 16 days.
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