CN103340083B - Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103340083B CN103340083B CN201310310612.6A CN201310310612A CN103340083B CN 103340083 B CN103340083 B CN 103340083B CN 201310310612 A CN201310310612 A CN 201310310612A CN 103340083 B CN103340083 B CN 103340083B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with the light environment of the Yunnan tobacco-growing area and belongs to the technical field of tobacco plant cultivation. The flue-cured tobacco cultivation method comprises the following steps of float breeding, soil preparation and ridging, transplanting under film, management in film covering period and field management. The seeding time is from mid December to mid February, the float disc floating seedling method is adopted, and seeding hardening lasts for 8-14 days before transplanting; ridging is conducted after the soil is pulverized and moisture is stored, and inorganic fertilizer and cake fertilizer which is thoroughly decomposed are mixed to be applied to the field; the transplanting period is from mid March to mid April, the density of tobacco plants is 1000-12000 plant/mu, each tobacco plant is irrigated with 1.5-2.5kg root water after transplanting, and colored mulching film is covered; top dressing is conducted twice after transplanting, and seeding leading is conducted 15-25 days after the top of each tobacco seeding ejects the film; the mulching film is removed when the tobacco plants enter the mid of the vigorous growth period, earthing up, weeding and watering are conducted in time, and topping, leaf reserving and bifurcation removing are conducted. The flue-cured tobacco cultivation method can fitting in with the light environment of the Yunnan tobacco-growing area, the local light source can be utilized fully and reasonably, the quality of tobacco leaves can be improved, and the aroma style of the fen-flavor tobacco leaves is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cigarette strain Cultivating techniques field, be specifically related to a kind of adaptation Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area photoenvironment feature, the local illumination resource of Appropriate application, promotes the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method of quality of tobacco.
Background technology
Only affect the important factor of growth and development of plants, it not only affects the photosynthesis of plant, also act on plant with the form of ambient signal, by the growth of the action pathway regulating plants such as phytochrome, growth and morphogenesis, make plant adapt to external environment better.Tobacco is a kind of happiness light crop, grow at grown in field and need sufficient suitable illumination in quality responses process, and the intensity of illumination, time and light quality all can on the form of cigarette strain, grow, the inherent quality such as photosynthesis, chemical composition produces and affects greatly.
In the growing of cigarette strain, the increase of cigarette strain cell and differentiation, the growth of crop volume and the increase of quality all have close relationship with illumination, and each Organ and tissue of cigarette strain keeps normal rates developmentally, and the illumination also with certain is relevant.In the photosynthesis of cigarette strain, illumination effect tobacco leaf assimilatory power in photosynthesis and is formed required energy, the activation of photosynthesis key enzyme, the opening of pore and regulate the growth of Photosynthetic, and illumination deficiency seriously can limit photosynthetic carbon assimilation, the activity of key enzyme and the synthesis of product.In the physiological metabolism of cigarette strain, the activity of light intensity major effect cigarette strain body endoenzyme, light quality then has material impact to the metabolism of carbon, nitrogen, and as when amount of nitrogen is too high, late growth stage increases the coordination that ruddiness ratio is conducive to promoting carbon and nitrogen metabolism.In the inherent quality of tobacco leaf, there were significant differences for the quality of tobacco grown under different ecological environment, and this and light quality ratio have certain relation, and usual height above sea level raises the production being conducive to sound tobacco.
Yunnan is the Chinese first large province of tobacco, and the climatic characteristic of its cigarette district field growth period has significantly different from domestic and international Ge Yan district.From average climate, Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area land for growing field crops morning, mid-term many light short of rain, temperature is higher, it is the climatic superiority of Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, be conducive to the formation of cloud and mist delicate fragrance type style, and light temperature compensating effect improves the validity of temperature, is also a large advantage of Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area weather.But in the grown in field later stage, then the many light of weather is short of rain, temperature is on the low side, be unfavorable for the accumulation of flavor matter and the raising of potassium content in tobacco leaf, this is also the important difference of Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area and domestic and international High Quality Tobacco district weather.Therefore, for the photoenvironment feature of Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, research and develop a kind of photoenvironment feature that can adapt to Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, adequately and reasonably utilize local illumination resource, promote the cigarette plant planting method of quality of tobacco and excavation tobacco leaf characteristic, for the resources advantage playing Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, exploitation characteristic sound tobacco, is of great significance to adapt to market competition tool.
Summary of the invention
In order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flue-cured tobacco cultivation method adapting to Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area photoenvironment.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Adapt to a flue-cured tobacco cultivation method for Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area photoenvironment, comprise transplanting under floating seedlings, whole ground ridging, film, overlay film period management, field management operation, specifically comprise:
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling be sowing time mid-December to mid-February, cigarette seed is sown into after matrix plants hole, nursery floating plate is placed in face, nutritional bed pond, leaf-cutting when cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm, cuts off the water supply before transplanting, controls fertilizer, hardening 8 ~ 14 days, allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepare to transplant;
B, whole ground ridging: timely shallow winter breaking after previous crop results, before transplanting, hack stores entropy, deep ploughing wholely, by line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, high 20 ~ the 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.0 ~ 3.0kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates and uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are mixed and to apply as base fertilizer two bar when ridging afterwards;
Transplant under C, film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is that mid-March is to mid-April, cave is beaten by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, support mulch film, then will strengthen cigarette transplantation of seedlings, planting smoke density is 1000 ~ 1200 plants/acre, and every strain cigarette seedling waters 1.5 ~ 2.5kg normal root water, covering film, after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
D, overlay film period management: transplant latter 7 ~ 9 days, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0 ~ 1.4kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads fertilizer over the fields after being mixed by inorganic fertilizer; Transplant latter 15 ~ 25 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, draw seedling in time, earthing topdresses, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0 ~ 1.6kg by every mu before envelope hole and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads manuer in holes into cigarette strain side after inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed being mixed, transplant latter 30 ~ 40 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, take off mulch film;
E, field management: carry out immediately after taking off mulch film earthing up, weeding, to water, pinch Liu Ye and smear wooden fork, and accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, without diseased plant, without weak strain, without being short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, nothing takes off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, cultivation of the present invention is cut off the water supply to cigarette seedling, is controlled fertilizer before transplanting, hardening 8 ~ 14 days, effectively improves the seedling quality of cigarette seedling, returns seedling fast after making transplanting, and cigarette strain is grown in advance, and Agronomic character and the Economic Characters of cigarette strain are good.
2, on the low side at major flood season mean temperature of air for Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, air humidity is large, easily cause the feature of flue-cured tobacco physiological metabolism remitted its fury, transplanting time is advanced to mid-February to mid-March by cultivation of the present invention, the whole breeding time making cigarette strain, in advance the low temperature being conducive to reducing the grown in field later stage was on the impact of total reducing sugar in tobacco leaf and content of reducing sugar.
3, cultivation of the present invention is according to land for growing field crops, the Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area feature that many light is short of rain in earlier stage, select to store moisture in the soil at hack, behind whole ground of deep ploughing, within 10 ~ 20 days before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, discharge water and fill with field, and water sufficient normal root water when transplanting, surviving and growing and serve crucial facilitation cigarette strain.
4, because the overall height above sea level in Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area is higher, and the intensity of illumination raising visible region along with height above sea level obviously strengthens, and strengthens the most obvious with regions such as the blue light of 500 ~ 600nm, green glows, and this exists certain inhibitory action to the early growth of cigarette strain.Cultivation of the present invention have employed when cigarette transplantation of seedlings covers look film control technique, changes the light quality of complex light, improves the growth rate of tobacco leaf.
5, due to the insulation effect of mulch film, well-grown at the temperature that cigarette strain is suitable and stable in film, soil higher temperature can be made full use of early stage in its growth, improve the subenvironment of cigarette strain growth, be conducive to the elongation of cigarette strain root system and the early growth of whole strain cigarette strain.Arrived Later growth then speed slow down, be conducive to the tobacco leaf Huang Cheng that in good time falls ripe.
6, relatively many for especially middle and high Altitude Regions, Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area sunshine duration, light temperature compensating effect and the higher feature of temperature validity, the smoke density of planting of cultivation setting of the present invention is 1000 ~ 1200 plants/acre, make the blade light of cigarette strain different parts consistent, improve utility rate of luminous energy, be conducive to the improvement of tobacco agronomy character and the accumulation of flavor matter.
7, because Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area ultraviolet radiation intensity is higher, easily certain destruction is formed to the chloroplast structure in tobacco leaf and their precursor, reduce chlorophyllous synthesis.Cultivation of the present invention have adjusted fertilizing amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio, be conducive to regulating and controlling the content of tobacco leaf Determination of Chlorophyll, improve the absorption of tobacco leaf to luminous energy, improve photosynthetic capacity.
8, the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application amount on nicotine content in tobacco leaf is considered, cultivation of the present invention changes to use nitrate fertilizer, strictly controls amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and force level setting in base area reasonably plants smoke density, reduce the nicotine content in tobacco leaf, to improve the harmony of quality of tobacco.In addition, the feature at strong sunshine of the High aititude for Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, adopts nitrate fertilizer can better promote cigarette strain root growth.
9, cultivation of the present invention adopts inorganic fertilizer to mix with the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed the method executed, and is conducive to regulating vega soil carbon/nitrogen ratio, strengthens the improving activity of root system of cigarette strain, be conducive to cigarette strain normal growth under the environment that the many light in Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area is short of rain.Join and execute cake fertilizer and also help increase chlorophyll content, improve nitrate reductase activity, thus be conducive to the eurythmy of chemical substance in tobacco leaf.
In sum, cultivation of the present invention has taken into full account the growing environment especially photoenvironment feature of Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area, adequately and reasonably can utilize local illumination resource, promote quality of tobacco, the aromatic style of strengthening delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf, the appropriateness reach of tobacco leaf planting phase, also helps the optimum period interplanting of other crop, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below, but limited the present invention never in any form, and based on any conversion that training centre of the present invention is done, the present invention all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Adapt to a flue-cured tobacco cultivation method for Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area photoenvironment, comprise transplanting under floating seedlings, whole ground ridging, film, overlay film period management, field management operation, specifically comprise:
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling be sowing time mid-December to mid-February, cigarette seed is sown into after matrix plants hole, nursery floating plate is placed in face, nutritional bed pond, leaf-cutting when cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm, cuts off the water supply before transplanting, controls fertilizer, hardening 8 ~ 14 days, allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepare to transplant;
B, whole ground ridging: timely shallow winter breaking after previous crop results, before transplanting, hack stores entropy, deep ploughing wholely, by line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, high 20 ~ the 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.0 ~ 3.0kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates and uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are mixed and to apply as base fertilizer two bar when ridging afterwards;
Transplant under C, film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is that mid-March is to mid-April, cave is beaten by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, support mulch film, then will strengthen cigarette transplantation of seedlings, planting smoke density is 1000 ~ 1200 plants/acre, and every strain cigarette seedling waters 1.5 ~ 2.5kg normal root water, covering film, after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
D, overlay film period management: transplant latter 7 ~ 9 days, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0 ~ 1.4kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads fertilizer over the fields after being mixed by inorganic fertilizer; Transplant latter 15 ~ 25 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, draw seedling in time, earthing topdresses, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0 ~ 1.6kg by every mu before envelope hole and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads manuer in holes into cigarette strain side after inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed being mixed, transplant latter 30 ~ 40 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, take off mulch film;
E, field management: carry out immediately after taking off mulch film earthing up, weeding, to water, pinch Liu Ye and smear wooden fork, and accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, without diseased plant, without weak strain, without being short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, nothing takes off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Leaf-cutting during described cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm, 2 ~ 3 times, front and back, cut off the water supply before transplanting, control fertilizer, hardening 10 ~ 12 days, then allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure, after 2 ~ 3 days, prepare to transplant.
Described hack stores entropy, and whole ground of deep ploughing preferably carries out for 25 ~ 35 days before transplanting.
Described hack stores moisture in the soil, behind whole ground of deep ploughing, preferably within 10 ~ 20 days before transplanting, discharges water and fills with field.
Described pair of bar applies, and referring to transplanting the capable 8 ~ 12cm place, both sides of cigarette, opening the ditch that 10 ~ 15cm is dark, will apply after fertilising mixes.
The confession nitrogen ratio of described inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 40 ~ 60%:60 ~ 40%.
Described inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer is nitrate fertilizer.
Described nitrate fertilizer is sodium nitrate or nitrate of lime.
The described cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is rapeseed cake fertilizer, soya-bean cake fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer, peanut cake fertilizer, seeds of a tung oil tree cake fertilizer, camellia oleosa seed cake fertilizer or cottonseed cake fertilizer.
Described total fertilization amount is executed pure nitrogen level by every mu and is counted 4 ~ 6kg/ mu.
Described total fertilization amount is executed pure nitrogen level by every mu and is haggled over the few 0.5kg/ mu of Common Cultivation method.
Described strong cigarette seedling refers to the seedling age cigarette seedling of 40 ~ 60 days.
The strong cigarette seedling of described 40 ~ 60 days has 6 true leaves.
Described beat cave after, weed killer herbicide can be applied by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.
Described weed killer herbicide is napropamide.
After described transplanting, insecticide can be applied by the consumption of 275 ~ 330L/ mu.
Described insecticide is 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicines.
Describedly plant smoke density preferably 1100 plants/acre.
After described cigarette transplantation of seedlings, every strain cigarette seedling preferably waters 1.5kg normal root water.
Described mulch film is polyethylene film, polychloroethylene film or ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane.
Described mulch film is coloured mulch film or without any one in colour band mulch film alternate with color band.
Described coloured mulch film, be red or orange red without the color of colour band mulch film alternate with color band.
Wide 90 ~ the 110cm of described mulch film, thick 0.003 ~ 0.005mm.
Described covering film, the mode of transplanting limit, preferred limit overlay film, mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
Within after described covering film 8 ~ 12 days, rise, the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8cm can be beaten at seedling cave sidepiece.
Described earthing topdresses, and preferably will apply cigarette strain side after fertilising mixes, from cigarette strain 6 ~ 8cm, and then earthing envelope hole.
Describedly draw seedling, when preferred the morning 8 ~ 10 or afternoon 5 ~ 7 time be advisable, described in take off film, be advisable by sunny period day after day for preferred weather.
Embodiment 1
---experiment place is Yuxi Yan He town, Yunnan Province experiment kind is cloud and mist 87
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling sowing time is February 22, cigarette seed is sown into after matrix plants hole, nursery floating plate is placed in face, nutritional bed pond, leaf-cutting when cigarette height of seedling 6cm, 2 times, front and back.Cut off the water supply before transplanting, control fertilizer, hardening 8 days, then allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure, prepare after 2 days to transplant.
B, whole ground ridging: timely shallow winter breaking after previous crop results, transplant first 25 days hacks and store entropy, deep plough wholely, and transplanting discharges water for first 10 days fills with field.By line-spacing 100cm ridging, ridge height 20cm, ridge bottom width 75cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.0kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1:1.5:2.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, sodium nitrate, calcium magnesium phosphorus, potassium oxide and rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed and transplanting the capable 8cm place, both sides of cigarette as base fertilizer afterwards, the ditch opening 10cm dark applies.
Transplant under C, film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is April 1, beat cave, the wide 10cm in cave, dark 15cm before transplanting by the spacing in the rows of 45cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, supports mulch film, after beating cave, applies napropamide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.Then by the seedling age strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 40 days, planting smoke density is 1000 plants/acre, and every strain cigarette seedling waters 1.5kg normal root water, then applies 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicines by the consumption of 275 ~ 330L/ mu.Then, be covered with wide 90cm, the red polyethylene film of thick 0.003mm, after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10cm.Transplanting limit, limit overlay film, mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
D, overlay film period management: transplant latter 7th day, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1:1.5:2.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, sodium nitrate, calcium magnesium phosphorus, potassium oxide is spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing.Within after covering film the 8th day, rise, can beat the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5cm at seedling cave sidepiece, the growing state after this according to cigarette seedling takes the circumstances into consideration the quantity increasing ventilation hole.Transplant latter 15th day, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, fine period select one day in the morning 9 time about draw film and draw seedling, earthing topdresses, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0kg by every mu before envelope hole and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1:1.5:2.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads manuer in holes into cigarette strain side after sodium nitrate, calcium magnesium phosphorus, potassium oxide and rapeseed cake fertilizer being mixed, from cigarette strain 6cm, then earthing envelope hole.Transplant latter 30th day, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, select within one day, take off mulch film in fine period.
E, field management: carry out immediately after taking off mulch film earthing up, weeding, to water, pinch Liu Ye and smear wooden fork, and accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, without diseased plant, without weak strain, without being short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, nothing takes off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Embodiment 2
---experiment place is Yuxi Hongta District Zhao Weicun experiment kind is K326
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling sowing time is February 19, cigarette seed is sown into after matrix plants hole, nursery floating plate is placed in face, nutritional bed pond, leaf-cutting when cigarette height of seedling 7cm, 3 times, front and back.Cut off the water supply before transplanting, control fertilizer, hardening 14 days, then allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure, prepare after 3 days to transplant.
B, whole ground ridging: timely shallow winter breaking after previous crop results, transplant first 35 days hacks and store entropy, deep plough wholely, and transplanting discharges water for first 20 days fills with field.By line-spacing 120cm ridging, ridge height 30cm, ridge bottom width 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 3.0kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1.5:2.5:3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, nitrate of lime, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and the peanut cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are mixed and transplanting the capable 12cm place, both sides of cigarette as base fertilizer afterwards, the ditch opening 15cm dark applies.
Transplant under C, film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is April 21, beat cave, the wide 15cm in cave, dark 20cm before transplanting by the spacing in the rows of 55cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, supports mulch film, after beating cave, applies napropamide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.Then by the seedling age strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 60 days, planting smoke density is 1200 plants/acre, and every strain cigarette seedling waters 2.5kg normal root water, then applies 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicines by the consumption of 275 ~ 330L/ mu.Then, be covered with wide 110cm, the orange red polychloroethylene film of thick 0.005mm, after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 15cm.Transplanting limit, limit overlay film, mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
D, overlay film period management: transplant latter 9th day, execute pure nitrogen level 1.4kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1.5:2.5:3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads fertilizer over the fields after nitrate of lime, superphosphate, potassium sulfate being mixed.Within after covering film the 12nd day, rise, can make a call to the ventilation hole of two diameter 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece, the growing state after this according to cigarette seedling takes the circumstances into consideration the quantity increasing ventilation hole.Transplant latter 25th day, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, fine period select one day in the morning 10 time about draw film and draw seedling, earthing topdresses, execute pure nitrogen level 1.6kg by every mu before envelope hole and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1.5:2.5:3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads manuer in holes into cigarette strain side after nitrate of lime, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and the peanut cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed being mixed, from cigarette strain 8cm, then earthing envelope hole.Transplant latter 40th day, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, select within one day, take off mulch film in fine period.
E, field management: carry out immediately after taking off mulch film earthing up, weeding, to water, pinch Liu Ye and smear wooden fork, and accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, without diseased plant, without weak strain, without being short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, nothing takes off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Embodiment 3
---experiment place is Meng Xian township of Ning Er county, Puer City experiment kind is cloud and mist 87
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling sowing time is February 17, cigarette seed is sown into after matrix plants hole, nursery floating plate is placed in face, nutritional bed pond, leaf-cutting when cigarette height of seedling 6.5cm, 2 times, front and back.Cut off the water supply before transplanting, control fertilizer, hardening 10 days, then allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure, prepare after 3 days to transplant.
B, whole ground ridging: timely shallow winter breaking after previous crop results, transplant first 30 days hacks and store entropy, deep plough wholely, and transplanting discharges water for first 15 days fills with field.By line-spacing 110cm ridging, ridge height 25cm, ridge bottom width 85cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1.2:2:3 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, sodium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and the tea seed cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are mixed and transplanting the capable 10cm place, both sides of cigarette as base fertilizer afterwards, the ditch opening 12cm dark applies.
Transplant under C, film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is April 9, beat cave, the wide 12cm in cave, dark 18cm before transplanting by the spacing in the rows of 50cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, supports mulch film, after beating cave, applies napropamide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.Then by the seedling age strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 50 days, planting smoke density is 1100 plants/acre, and every strain cigarette seedling waters 2.0kg normal root water, then applies 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicines by the consumption of 275 ~ 330L/ mu.Then, be covered with wide 100cm, the red zone of thick 0.004mm is without the alternate ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane of colour band, and after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 12cm.Transplanting limit, limit overlay film, mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
D, overlay film period management: transplant latter 8th day, execute pure nitrogen level 1.2kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1.2:2:3 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads fertilizer over the fields after sodium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride being mixed.Within after covering film the 10th day, rise, can make a call to the ventilation hole of three diameter 0.6cm at seedling cave sidepiece, the growing state after this according to cigarette seedling takes the circumstances into consideration the quantity increasing ventilation hole.Transplant latter 20th day, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, fine period select one day in afternoon 6 time about draw film and draw seedling, earthing topdresses, execute pure nitrogen level 1.4kg by every mu before envelope hole and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1.2:2:3 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads manuer in holes into cigarette strain side after sodium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride and the tea seed cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed being mixed, from cigarette strain 7cm, then earthing envelope hole.Transplant latter 35th day, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, select within one day, take off mulch film in fine period.
E, field management: carry out immediately after taking off mulch film earthing up, weeding, to water, pinch Liu Ye and smear wooden fork, and accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, without diseased plant, without weak strain, without being short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, nothing takes off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Claims (9)
1. adapt to a flue-cured tobacco cultivation method for Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area photoenvironment, described Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area grown in field early, mid-term many light short of rain, temperature is higher, the grown in field later stage, and many light is short of rain, temperature is on the low side; It is characterized in that flue-cured tobacco cultivation method comprises transplanting under floating seedlings, whole ground ridging, film, overlay film period management, field management operation, specifically comprise:
A, floating seedlings: cigarette seedling be sowing time mid-December to mid-February, cigarette seed is sown into after matrix plants hole, nursery floating plate is placed in face, nutritional bed pond, leaf-cutting when cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm, cuts off the water supply before transplanting, controls fertilizer, hardening 8 ~ 14 days, allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure again, prepare to transplant;
B, whole ground ridging: timely shallow winter breaking after previous crop results, before transplanting, hack stores entropy, deep ploughing wholely, by line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, high 20 ~ the 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, execute pure nitrogen level 2.0 ~ 3.0kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates and uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are mixed and to apply as base fertilizer two bar when ridging afterwards;
Transplant under C, film: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings phase is that mid-February is to mid-March, cave is beaten by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, support mulch film, then will strengthen cigarette transplantation of seedlings, planting smoke density is 1000 ~ 1200 plants/acre, and every strain cigarette seedling waters 1.5 ~ 2.5kg normal root water, covering film, after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm; Within after covering film 8 ~ 12 days, rise, beat the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece;
D, overlay film period management: transplant latter 7 ~ 9 days, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0 ~ 1.4kg by every mu and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads fertilizer over the fields after being mixed by inorganic fertilizer; Transplant latter 15 ~ 25 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, draw seedling in time, earthing topdresses, execute pure nitrogen level 1.0 ~ 1.6kg by every mu before envelope hole and calculate applied nitrogen amount, by nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of potash fertilizer=1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 calculates uses phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, spreads manuer in holes into cigarette strain side after inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed being mixed, transplant latter 30 ~ 40 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, take off mulch film;
E, field management: carry out immediately after taking off mulch film earthing up, weeding, to water, pinch Liu Ye and smear wooden fork, and accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, smokeless wooden fork, without diseased plant, without weak strain, without being short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, nothing takes off fertilizer, nothing hardens, cigarette strain regularity is good.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, leaf-cutting when it is characterized in that described cigarette height of seedling 6 ~ 7cm, 2 ~ 3 times, front and back, cut off the water supply before transplanting, control fertilizer, hardening 10 ~ 12 days, then allow cigarette seedling suction liquid manure, after 2 ~ 3 days, prepare to transplant.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described hack stores moisture in the soil, behind whole ground of deep ploughing, within 10 ~ 20 days before transplanting, discharges water and fills with field.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the confession nitrogen ratio of described inorganic fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 40 ~ 60%:60 ~ 40%.
5. the cultivation method as described in any one of claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that described inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer is nitrate fertilizer, and described cake fertilizer is rapeseed cake fertilizer, soya-bean cake fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer, peanut cake fertilizer, seeds of a tung oil tree cake fertilizer, camellia oleosa seed cake fertilizer or cottonseed cake fertilizer.
6. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, plants smoke density preferably 1100 plants/acre described in it is characterized in that.
7. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described mulch film is coloured mulch film or without colour band mulch film alternate with color band.
8. cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, its feature is red or orange red at described coloured mulch film, without the color of colour band mulch film alternate with color band.
9. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, when drawing Miao Shi the morning 8 ~ 10 described in it is characterized in that or afternoon 5 ~ 7 time carry out, described in take off mulch film be that sunny period carries out day after day at weather.
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