CN102986355A - Precise nitrogen application method aiming at flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Precise nitrogen application method aiming at flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a precise nitrogen application method aiming at flue-cured tobacco. The method is as below: nitrogen fertilizer use amount is 25-30kg / hm<2> at a seedling restitution stage during growth of flue-cured tobacco, when an SPAD value is less than 38; nitrogen fertilizer use amount is 30-35kg / hm<2> at a root extending stage in the growth of flue-cured tobacco, when the SPAD value is less than 42.5; nitrogen fertilizer use amount is 25-30kg / hm<2> at a resettling stage in the growth of flue-cured tobacco, when the SPAD value is less than 44; nitrogen fertilizer use amount is 25-30kg / hm<2> at a growing period during the growth of flue-cured tobacco, when the SPAD value is less than 46.5; nitrogen should only be applied when the SPAD threshold is not exceeded; and a total nitrogen application amount during the whole growth period is lower than 110kg / hm<2>. The method provided by the invention details an optimal fertilization threshold to each fertilizer demanding growth period; and SPAD value of each fertilizer demanding growth period is compared to an optimal SPAD value for the growth period, in order to determine whether to fertilize or not. The invention further improves accuracy of nitrogen application for the flue-cured tobacco, thus greatly improving utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, and yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the tobacco planting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of accurate N application method for flue-cured tobacco.
Background technology
In the cured tobacco production of China, exist and excessively execute nitrogen and after the phenomenon that chases after late nitrogen, this not only increases production cost, and cause quality of tobacco to descend, simultaneously because the low series of problems such as environmental pollution that also causes of fertilizer utilization efficiency.Develop the tobacco leaf technique of balanced fertilizer in eighties of last century, played positive role to promoting Tobacco production, but technique of balanced fertilizer is owing to lack, not damaged diagnostic techniques quick with the mineral nutrition real-time on-site of tobacco leaf upgrowth situation coupling, be difficult to effectively tobacco plant nutrition and growing state effectively be monitored, thereby bring blindness in the fertilising.
Under southern china cigarette district high temperature and rainy condition, nitrogen utilization efficiency only has 39.6%, and too much nitrogen application produces great negative effect to quality of tobacco.Therefore, monitor real-time the nitrogen nutritional status of field cigarette strain, and then instruct field flue-cured tobacco Nitrogen Top Dressing on the spot according to the nitrogen Condition of abundance or deficiency, significant for the quantity and quality that improves fertilizer utilization efficiency and tobacco leaf.
The method of diagnosis nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco nutrition condition or Condition of abundance or deficiency is a lot, wherein be considered to more accurately method by measuring Flue-cured or Total nitrogen content, but this method needs destructive sampling, carry out lab analysis, and have obvious hysteresis quality.
Chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development, SPAD instrument) is used for diagnosing nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco nutrition condition or Condition of abundance or deficiency to have quick, easy and harmless characteristics, has obtained extensive concern at crop nutrition diagnosis in recent years.On the crops such as paddy rice, wheat, cotton, rape, diagnose nitrogen nutritional status and instruct nitrogen application to do large quantity research using the SPAD instrument, and obtained preferably effect.
On tobacco, although forefathers have carried out some previous works to the relation of Flue-cured SPAD value and chlorophyll content, total nitrogen content, and set up field fertilization method based on the SPAD instrument, but it is scarce according to being full of of single SPAD threshold decision nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco content, though obtained preferably yield and quality in traditional farmers''s fertilization mode, potentiality also are greatly improved.
Summary of the invention
Existing according to the limitation of single SPAD threshold decision nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco content with the method for definite amount of nitrogen in order to overcome, the object of the invention is to study the correlation of flue-cured tobacco different growing blade SPAD value and flue-cured tobacco yield and quality under the different nitrogen level, in the hope of establishing the suitableeest nitrogen threshold value of executing of different growing, a kind of accurate N application method for flue-cured tobacco finally is provided, thereby further improves the flue-cured tobacco yield and quality.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of accurate N application method for flue-cured tobacco may further comprise the steps:
In the also seedling stage of tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 38 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 38;
Stretching the root phase of tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 42.5 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 30-35kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 42.5;
In group's phase of tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 44 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 44;
Prosperous long-term at tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 46.5 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 46.5;
The amount of nitrogen summation of whole breeding time is at 110kg/hm
2Below.
Rate of fertilizer is decided on survey SPAD value, and when survey SPAD value comparatively approached suitable threshold value, fertilising can reduce, and when surveys SPAD value during further from suitable threshold value, need to increase apply fertilizer.As: also seedling stage, the SPAD value of surveying is 37, so can be with amount of application 25kg/hm less in the range of choice
2If the SPAD value of surveying is 30, so will range of choice in larger amount of application 30kg/hm
2
Particularly, the cigarette seedling survives as going back seedling stage from being transplanted to; Root regeneration growth, that the leaf look turns is green, not wilting, lobus cardiacus begins growth, and the cigarette seedling is and survives;
The cigarette seedling is stretched the root phase from surviving to roll into a ball to be called;
Plant reaches group's standard, this moment 12～13 in blade, the width of blade cross growth and the height ratio of longitudinal growth are about 2:1, are similar to when hemispherical as rolling into a ball a phase;
Plant is called prosperous long-term to buddingging from group.
The mensuration of SPAD value: after transplanting respectively in also seedling stage of cigarette strain, stretch root phase, group's phase and prosperous long-term, select the consistent cigarette strain of growing way, clean the 3rd functional leaf middle part of launching fully with deionized water, wipe away dried with cotton, SPAD-502 measures its SPAD value, measure the position for launching the SPAD value at the middle part of leaf fully, every leaf is measured 4 times.Each cell measurement 10 strain is got its mean value as the SPAD value of this residential quarter.Be at 9 o'clock in the morning sample time.
In the said method, determining of SPAD threshold value is valid.The Fertilizer Application of Tobacco key period is for going back seedling stage, stretch the root phase, rolling into a ball a phase and prosperous long-term.At document (Wang Wei, Chen Jianjun, Lv Yonghua, Deng. nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco nutrient diagnosis and Tree Precise Fertilization model study [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012,28 (9): 77-84.), by the mean value of fertilising key period top the 3rd leaf SPAD value and the regression analysis of the tobacco leaf output value under the different amount of nitrogens are shown, the blade SPAD mean value of each growthdevelopmental stage and the output value are obvious conic section relation, and in 28d(seedling stage also), the amount of nitrogen that peak production rate is corresponding is 110kg/hm
2, the SPAD value is 38; The dark root phase of 35d(), the amount of nitrogen that peak production rate is corresponding is 110kg/hm
2, the SPAD value is 42; 42d(rolls into a ball a phase), the amount of nitrogen that peak production rate is corresponding is 110kg/hm
2, the SPAD value is 44; 49d(is prosperous long-term), the amount of nitrogen that peak production rate is corresponding is 110kg/hm
2, the SPAD value is 46.5.Therefore, also seedling stage, the suitableeest nitrogen SPAD threshold value of executing was 38, and stretching the suitableeest nitrogen SPAD threshold value of executing of root phase is 42.5, and group's the suitableeest nitrogen SPAD threshold value of executing of a phase is 44, and prosperous the suitableeest for a long time to execute nitrogen SPAD threshold value be 46.5, and the maximum amount of nitrogen of whole breeding time is no more than 110kg/hm
2
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
Method of the present invention has overcome existing according to the limitation of single SPAD threshold decision nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco content with the method for definite amount of nitrogen, the best threshold value of applying fertilizer is refined to each and needs fertile breeding time, compare with this breeding time of best fertilising SPAD value by the SPAD value size that each is needed fertile breeding time, and then need to judge whether fertilising.The precision that the invention enables flue-cured tobacco to execute nitrogen has obtained further raising, thereby can significantly improve the yield and quality level of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and flue-cured tobacco.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment
1, experimental scheme
Tested in 2012 and carried out popularization demonstration test of the present invention in Xihe River village, Growth in Meizhou City, Guangdong Da Pu county; test is provided with 3 N application methods: be respectively local traditional farmers' and execute nitrogen mode (NH); nitrogen mode (SZ-1) is executed in the unicity threshold value SPAD instrument guidance of S=43 and the present invention executes nitrogen mode (SZ-2); each Processing Test is 3 repetitions; district's group is arranged at random; totally 18 residential quarters; 60 strains are planted in each residential quarter; establish guard row all around, other control measures are undertaken by high-quality tobacco standardization production requirement.Experimental field physiochemical properties of soil sees Table 1.
Table 1 is physiochemical properties of soil experimental field
2, SPAD pH-value determination pH
In going back seedling stage, stretch the root phase, group's phase and prosperous long-term, select respectively the consistent cigarette strain of growing way, clean from the top down several the 3rd functional leaf middle parts of launching fully with deionized water, wipe away dried with cotton, SPAD-502 measures its SPAD value, and every leaf is measured 4 times, is averaged the SPAD value as this blade, each cell measurement 10 strain is got its mean value as the SPAD value of this residential quarter.Also be at 9 o'clock in the morning sample time.
3, fertilizing method
The amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of three kinds of N application methods and the period of using see Table 2, wherein, and P
2O
5, K
2The consumption of O is fixed.The source of manure is tobacco composite fertilizer special (N-P
2O
5-K
2O:13-9-14), superphosphate (P
2O
5: 12%), potassium sulphate (K
2O:50%), potassium nitrate (N-K
2O:13.5-44.5), carbonic hydroammonium (N:17.7%), rape bran (N-P
2O
5-K
2O:5.2-1.4-1.3).
(1) fertilising of NH group: the base manure amount of nitrogen is 110kg/hm
2Rear respectively after transplanting 20d, 40d, 80d impose nitrogen 18kg/hm
2
(2) fertilising of SZ-1: execute nitrogen pattern (the SPAD threshold value is 43) based on the smart amount of SPAD instrument, 17-52d after transplanting, every 7d is with the SPAD value of SPAD-502 mensuration single treatment cigarette strain, when SPAD measures mean value less than threshold value 43, Nitrogen Top Dressing (before transplanting rear 52d, nitrogen topdressing 30kg/hm
2Behind the 52d, nitrogen topdressing 20kg/hm
2), do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to threshold value, final maximum amount of nitrogen need be controlled at 110kg/hm
2
(3) fertilising of SZ-2: execute the nitrogen pattern based on SPAD instrument essence amount, the cigarette seedling enters and goes back seedling stage, stretches the root phase, rolls into a ball a phase and prosperous long-term (fertilising is decided by local cigarette seedling actual growing situation breeding time) after transplanting, and measures the SPAD value of single treatment cigarette strain with SPAD-502.Seedling stage also when the SPAD value less than 38 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 30-35kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 38; Stretch the root phase when the SPAD value less than 42.5 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 30-35kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 42.5; Group's phase when the SPAD value less than 44 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 44; Prosperous for a long time when the SPAD value less than 46.5 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 46.5; Rate of fertilizer is decided on survey SPAD value, and when survey SPAD value comparatively approached suitable threshold value, fertilising can reduce, and when surveys SPAD value during further from suitable threshold value, need to increase apply fertilizer.As: also seedling stage, the SPAD value of surveying is 37, so can be with amount of application 25kg/hm less in the range of choice
2If the SPAD value of surveying is 30, so will range of choice in larger amount of application 30kg/hm
2But final whole breeding time, total amount of nitrogen need be controlled at 110kg/hm
2
Table 2 amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer and use period (Dabu, Meizhou area)
4, result of the test
Result of the test sees Table 3.As can be seen from Table 3, the output of tobacco leaf presents larger difference with the output value different executing under the nitrogen mode: the size of output and the output value is the SZ-2 maximum, SZ-1 secondly, minimum is NH.Between each is processed on output and the output value difference all remarkable, and SZ-2 output and the output value increase about 28.32% and 37.60% than the local level of production respectively, increased about 20.9% and 17.9% than SZ-1.Above data can obviously find out, method of the present invention can be brought raising at the flue-cured tobacco yield and quality.
Table 3 is based on the test yield and output value of the nutrition real-time diagnosis of SPAD instrument nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco and Tree Precise Fertilization pattern
Annotate: the new multipole method of Duncan is adopted in this variance analysis, and " NH " represents the local level of production, " SZ-1 " be according to the old fertilizing method of single SPAD threshold value S=43, " SZ-2 " be new fertilizing method of the present invention.
Above-described embodiment is the better embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. accurate N application method for flue-cured tobacco is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
In the also seedling stage of tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 38 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 38;
Stretching the root phase of tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 42.5 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 30-35kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 42.5;
In group's phase of tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 44 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 44;
Prosperous long-term at tobacco growth, when the SPAD value less than 46.5 the time, the nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is 25-30kg/hm
2, do not execute nitrogen more than or equal to 46.5;
The amount of nitrogen summation of whole breeding time is at 110kg/hm
2Below.
2. the accurate N application method for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the SPAD value of flue-cured tobacco is to measure like this: after transplanting respectively in also seedling stage of cigarette strain, stretch root phase, group's phase and prosperous long-term, select the consistent cigarette strain of growing way, clean the 3rd functional leaf middle part of launching fully with deionized water, wipe away dried with cotton, SPAD-502 measures its SPAD value, measures the position for launching the SPAD value at the middle part of leaf fully, and every leaf is measured 4 times; Each cell measurement 10 strain is got its mean value as the SPAD value of this residential quarter; Be at 9 o'clock in the morning sample time.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN103245620A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-08-14 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for detecting yellowing degree of flue-cured tobacco leaves during curing process |
| CN103250495A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-21 | 南京农业大学 | Method for constructing quantified and precision nitrogen application scheme for producing high-quality cut chrysanthemum |
| CN103340085A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with geographical characteristics of fen-flavor tobacco producing area |
| CN103340083A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN104041234A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-17 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Fine fertilizer application method for flue-cured tobaccos K326 |
| CN104429264A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | Method for guiding fertilization by detecting nutriture of crop leaves |
| CN105052335A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州大学 | Fertilizing method for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of lettuce |
| CN105309097A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-02-10 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for determining optimal nitrogen fertilizer application amount of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105340449A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-24 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Fertilization method for improving nitrogen element utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105359692A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-03-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for water-soluble root fertilizer application to flue-cured tobaccos |
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Cited By (15)
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| CN103245620A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-08-14 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for detecting yellowing degree of flue-cured tobacco leaves during curing process |
| CN103250495B (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-10-15 | 南京农业大学 | Method for constructing quantified and precision nitrogen application scheme for producing high-quality cut chrysanthemum |
| CN103250495A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-21 | 南京农业大学 | Method for constructing quantified and precision nitrogen application scheme for producing high-quality cut chrysanthemum |
| CN103340085B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with geographical characteristics of fen-flavor tobacco producing area |
| CN103340083A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN103340085A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with geographical characteristics of fen-flavor tobacco producing area |
| CN103340083B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN104041234A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-17 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Fine fertilizer application method for flue-cured tobaccos K326 |
| CN104429264A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | Method for guiding fertilization by detecting nutriture of crop leaves |
| CN104429264B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-07-27 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | By detecting the method that the nutriture of crop leaf instructs fertilising |
| CN105309097A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-02-10 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for determining optimal nitrogen fertilizer application amount of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105052335A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州大学 | Fertilizing method for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of lettuce |
| CN105359692A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-03-02 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for water-soluble root fertilizer application to flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN105340449A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-24 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Fertilization method for improving nitrogen element utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105340449B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2018-01-30 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco utilization rate |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |