CN105309097A - Method for determining optimal nitrogen fertilizer application amount of flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Method for determining optimal nitrogen fertilizer application amount of flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN105309097A CN105309097A CN201510036929.4A CN201510036929A CN105309097A CN 105309097 A CN105309097 A CN 105309097A CN 201510036929 A CN201510036929 A CN 201510036929A CN 105309097 A CN105309097 A CN 105309097A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application amount of flue-cured tobacco. No control groups are set, five repeating groups are set, 201 pieces of flue-cured tobacco are adopted in each repeating group, the nitrogen application amount is set for each piece of flue-cured tobacco, the nitrogen application amount of each piece of flue-cured tobacco is continuously increased, and the consistent nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of each piece of flue-cured tobacco is guaranteed; 8-12 days after topping, the suitable interval of the optimal nitrogen element application amount is visually and preliminaryly determined according to the good mature appearance condition of tobacco plants; the single flue-cured tobacco plant in normal good mature appearance is harvested and baked, the appearance quality, the main chemical component content and the sensory evaluation quality of baked tobacco leaves are comprehensively analyzed, the suitable nitrogen element application amount range which is preliminaryly obtained is adjusted, and therefore the optimal nitrogen application amount range can be finally determined. According to the normal layering good mature appearance condition of tobacco plants, and the appearance quality and the internal quality of the baked tobacco leaves, the suitable nitrogen element application amount range is visually and accurately determined; the suitable nitrogen element application amount range is obtained, not a certain nitrogen application level is obtained, and therefore the obtained suitable nitrogen element application amount is more accurate compared with an existing method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method determining the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco, belong to agricultural production.
Background technology
Fertilising is one of sport technique segment important in tobacco planting.In nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, suitable increasing the p application rate and potash fertilizer, generally to yield of tobacco, quality without too large harmful effect, and nitrogenous fertilizer is different.Because various places soil, weather conditions differ greatly, the physicochemical character of soil is variant, the amount that preceding crop remains nitrogen is different, annual rainfall skewness, the kind of fertilizer and application process difference, cause cigarette strain different with the plain absorption rate of Nitrogen to Nitrogen In Soils element, add difficulty to correct applied nitrogen.And, nitrogen fertilizer amount and quality of tobacco closely related, execute nitrogen hunger, cigarette strain is de-fertile, and occurs yellow albinism from bottom to top, and leaf small pieces are thin, yield poorly, of poor quality; Blindly applied nitrogen, tobacco leaf can be made to be difficult to fall Huang Cheng ripe, blade is loose, and thick muscle obstructs cruelly, even occurs withered spot.Only have and nitrogen is executed just right, cured tobacco leaf just can present golden yellow, orange color, and oil content foot, elasticity is strong, high grade producing.
Existing technology is in order to address this problem, and the flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer amount experimental scheme adopted is generally: contrast (conventional amount of nitrogen akg/hm
2), process 1(amount of nitrogen (a-x) kg/hm
2), process 2(amount of nitrogen (a-2x) kg/hm
2), process 3(amount of nitrogen (a+x) kg/hm
2), process 4(amount of nitrogen (a+2x) kg/hm
2), wherein a represents conventional Nitrogen Amount, and x represents nitrogen fertilizer amount gradient.This experimental scheme, by analyzing cured tobacco leaf presentation quality, main chemical compositions content and sensory evaluating smoking's quality, can only draw and can obtain good seed output and quality at one (or several) nitrogen amount applied.And in fact because the dependency relation of flue-cured tobacco yield per unit area, the output value and quality and unit are amount of nitrogen is parabolic type, thus the best amount of nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco should be a certain interval (such as: a ± 2.0kg/hm
2), but not a bit.And conventional Nitrogen Amount experimental scheme can only by rule of thumb and result of the test infer determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area, be difficult to intuitively and effectively determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method determining the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method determining the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco, do not establish control group, 5 repeating groups are set, each repeating groups adopts 201 strain flue-cured tobaccos, every strain flue-cured tobacco sets an amount of nitrogen, and individual plant flue-cured tobacco amount of nitrogen increases progressively continuously, and ensures that every strain flue-cured tobacco nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is consistent; After pinching 8 ~ 12 days, to fall yellow situation according to cigarette strain, tentatively determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area intuitively; The flue-cured tobacco individual plant picking and roasting ripe to the Huang Cheng that normally falls, comprehensive analysis cured tobacco leaf presentation quality, main chemical compositions content and sensory evaluating smoking's quality, adjust the suitable Nitrogen Amount scope tentatively drawn, finally can determine best amount of nitrogen scope.
Further, described 201 strain Fertilizer Application of Tobacco amounts are respectively (a-2x)/hm
2, (a-1.98x)/hm
2, (a-1.96x)/hm
2be incremented to (a+1.96x)/hm successively
2, (a+1.98x)/hm
2, (a+2x)/hm
2, wherein a represents conventional Nitrogen Amount, and x represents gradient.
Further, the described suitable Nitrogen Amount scope to tentatively drawing is carried out adjustment and is referred to: the tobacco leaf yellow situation that falls passes judgment on Nitrogen Amount the most obvious whether suitable foundation; But inherent quality of tobacco leaf optimum is only final purpose, so adjust the suitable Nitrogen Amount scope tentatively drawn according to inherent quality of tobacco leaf, finally determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area.
Further, described inherent quality of tobacco leaf mainly comprises chemical composition content and sensory evaluating smoking's quality.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention: to fall yellow situation, cured tobacco leaf presentation quality and inherent quality according to the normal layering of cigarette strain, determine suitable Nitrogen Amount scope more intuitively, exactly; What draw is Nitrogen Amount optimum range, but not some nitrogen amount applied, therefore, comparatively previous methods is more accurate for the nitrogen Optimum drawn.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instantiation to the detailed description of the invention.
embodiment 1
A kind of method determining the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco, do not establish control group, 5 repeating groups are set, each repeating groups adopts 201 strain flue-cured tobaccos, every strain flue-cured tobacco sets an amount of nitrogen, individual plant flue-cured tobacco amount of nitrogen increases progressively continuously, and ensures that every strain flue-cured tobacco nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is consistent, and described 201 strain Fertilizer Application of Tobacco amounts are respectively (a-2x)/hm
2, (a-1.98x)/hm
2, (a-1.96x)/hm
2be incremented to (a+1.96x)/hm successively
2, (a+1.98x)/hm
2, (a+2x)/hm
2, wherein a represents conventional Nitrogen Amount, and x represents gradient; After pinching 8 ~ 12 days, to fall yellow situation according to cigarette strain, tentatively determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area intuitively; The flue-cured tobacco individual plant picking and roasting ripe to the Huang Cheng that normally falls, comprehensive analysis cured tobacco leaf presentation quality, main chemical compositions content and sensory evaluating smoking's quality, adjust the suitable Nitrogen Amount scope tentatively drawn, finally can determine best amount of nitrogen scope.
The described suitable Nitrogen Amount scope to tentatively drawing is carried out adjustment and is referred to: whether suitable the tobacco leaf yellow situation that falls pass judgment on Nitrogen Amount the most obvious foundation; But inherent quality of tobacco leaf optimum is only final purpose, so adjust the suitable Nitrogen Amount scope tentatively drawn according to inherent quality of tobacco leaf, finally determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area.Described inherent quality of tobacco leaf mainly comprises chemical composition content and sensory evaluating smoking's quality.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment is existing method test example, embodiment as a comparison.
In X city, XX county, experiment station arranges pot experiment.
Flue-cured tobacco cultivars: NC102; Test fertilizer is fertilizer special for tobacco (N ︰ P
2o
5︰ K
2o=10 ︰ 10 ︰ 20).
Pot experiment; Nitrogen consumption gradient is 30kg purity nitrogen/hm
2; CK:15kg purity nitrogen/hm
2; T1:45kg purity nitrogen/hm
2; T2:75kg purity nitrogen/hm
2; T3:105kg purity nitrogen/hm
2; T4:135kg purity nitrogen/hm
2, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 2.
Result of the test
Statistical analysis 5 process tobacco leaf economic characters, main chemical compositions and sensory evaluating smoking's quality, draw 75kg purity nitrogen/hm
2for optimum, 105kg purity nitrogen/hm
2two points taken second place, then infer that the scope of best amount of nitrogen is: 75kg purity nitrogen/hm
2~ 105kg purity nitrogen/hm
2.
embodiment 3
Equally pot experiment is set in X city, XX county experiment station.
Flue-cured tobacco cultivars: NC102; Test fertilizer is fertilizer special for tobacco (N ︰ P
2o
5︰ K
2o=10 ︰ 10 ︰ 20).
Pot experiment is set to continuous process, and Nitrogen Amount is 0 ~ 135kg purity nitrogen/hm
2, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 2, and nitrogen consumption gradient is 0.6kg purity nitrogen/hm
2.Every pot transplanting one strain flue-cured tobacco, basin is embedded in soil, basin along 5cm above ground level, basin diameter 40cm, height 45cm.Pot experiment soil loading method: first insert fine sand, in the mixing of filling Soil and Fertilizer, layer of fine sand of finally recharging.
Observe cigarette strain tobacco leaf-layering to fall yellow situation, progressively increase with amount of nitrogen, cigarette strain from de-fertile false ripe progressively to the Huang that normally falls, then be changed to and be difficult to fall Huang, finally for not falling Huang.By analyzing and observing, the layering yellow cigarette strain preferably that falls has 71 strains, and corresponding amount of nitrogen scope is: 66.6kg purity nitrogen/hm
2~ 108.6kg purity nitrogen/hm
2
Casting out the 1 strain flue-cured tobacco that amount of nitrogen is maximum, after selecting yellow good 70 strain flue-cured tobaccos, is 66.6kg purity nitrogen/hm from amount of nitrogen
2cigarette strain start, often adjacent 5 strains are a statistical unit, form 15 statistical units; Each statistical unit is a detection and qualification tobacco sample; Ask the mean value of the corresponding 5 strain flue-cured tobacco amount of nitrogens of each statistical unit, the amount of nitrogen of statistical unit for this reason; Each statistical unit is carried out independent picking and roasting and kept sample, carries out main chemical compositions and detect and sensory evaluating smoking's qualification.The tobacco leaf economic characters of statistical analysis 15 parts of statistical units, main chemical compositions and sensory evaluating smoking's quality, determine 73.8kg purity nitrogen/hm
2~ 94.8kg purity nitrogen/hm
2for best amount of nitrogen.
Conclusion: the suitable nitrogen consumption that embodiment 2 adopts existing nitrogen consumption experimental scheme to extrapolate is: 75kg purity nitrogen/hm
2~ 105kg purity nitrogen/hm
2.And the suitable nitrogen consumption that the application's method statistic analyzes is: 73.8kg purity nitrogen/hm
2~ 94.8kg purity nitrogen/hm
2.The suitable nitrogen consumption scope that the application's method draws is more accurate, and scope is narrower, is more conducive to Instructing manufacture.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments.Every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of extending out or variation be still in the row of protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. determine a method for the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco, do not establish control group, 5 repeating groups are set, each repeating groups adopts 201 strain flue-cured tobaccos, every strain flue-cured tobacco sets an amount of nitrogen, and individual plant flue-cured tobacco amount of nitrogen increases progressively continuously, and ensures that every strain flue-cured tobacco nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is consistent; After pinching 8 ~ 12 days, to fall yellow situation according to cigarette strain, tentatively determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area intuitively; The flue-cured tobacco individual plant picking and roasting ripe to the Huang Cheng that normally falls, comprehensive analysis cured tobacco leaf presentation quality, main chemical compositions content and sensory evaluating smoking's quality, adjust the suitable Nitrogen Amount scope tentatively drawn, finally can determine best amount of nitrogen scope.
2. the method determining the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described 201 strain Fertilizer Application of Tobacco amounts are respectively (a-2x)/hm
2, (a-1.98x)/hm
2, (a-1.96x)/hm
2be incremented to (a+1.96x)/hm successively
2, (a+1.98x)/hm
2, (a+2x)/hm
2, wherein a represents conventional Nitrogen Amount, and x represents gradient.
3. the method determining the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described suitable Nitrogen Amount scope to tentatively drawing is carried out adjustment and referred to: the tobacco leaf yellow situation that falls passes judgment on Nitrogen Amount the most obvious whether suitable foundation; But inherent quality of tobacco leaf optimum is only final purpose, so adjust the suitable Nitrogen Amount scope tentatively drawn according to inherent quality of tobacco leaf, finally determine between best Nitrogen Amount Suitable Area.
4. the method determining the best amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described inherent quality of tobacco leaf mainly comprises chemical composition content and sensory evaluating smoking's quality.
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Cited By (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106332587A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-18 | 贵州智慧山地农业发展研究院 | Method for fertilizing tobacco leaf |
| CN106416567A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-22 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for testing coupling effects of nitrogen application rates and densities on Liuyang flue-cured tobacco production quality |
| CN107853118A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-30 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco small strong seedlings |
| CN113575338A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-02 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving tobacco fragrance by regulating and controlling nitrogen dosage of tobacco field |
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Application publication date: 20160210 |