CN110771470A - High-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method - Google Patents
High-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method, belonging to the technical field of tobacco production and planting, and comprising the following key steps: selecting land, ridging and transplanting, fertilizing, covering pine needles, hilling and other field management and mature harvesting. The method selects a tobacco planting area with relatively high sand content, light, temperature and sufficient water at an elevation of 1900-; the transplanting period is generally 10-20 days in 4 months, and the growing period of the field is ensured to be about 150 days; applying 4-7kg of pure nitrogen per mu according to different fertility levels, covering the soil moisture surface with pine needles, wherein the dosage per mu is 500-800 kg; and (5) properly managing in the field, topping at the right time, and harvesting after ripening. The KRK26 planted by the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield per mu and the medium-grade tobacco ratio are effectively improved, the tobacco leaf quality is good, and the industrial availability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production and planting of flue-cured tobaccos, and particularly relates to a method for producing and planting KRK26 tobaccos in high-altitude mountainous regions.
Background
The KRK26 has been favored by industrial enterprises due to its soft and fine texture and its harmonious inherent chemical components. The variety is bred by Zimbabwe tobacco institute, and Yunnan test seeds are introduced in 2006, so that the comprehensive character performance is better, and the variety becomes an outstanding person in newly introduced varieties.
In the process of popularization and demonstration, due to the characteristics of the KRK26 variety, problems of excessive field growth vigor, serious blackness, high difficulty in mature harvesting, more green stem and yellow leaf pieces of flue-cured tobacco leaves and the like easily occur in a high-altitude mountain tobacco area by adopting a conventional production and planting method, so that popularization is hindered. Therefore, it is important to find a planting technology suitable for the KRK26 in the high-altitude mountain land.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation of the current KRK26 production and planting technology and making up the defects of the current production technology, the invention aims to provide the production and planting method suitable for KRK26 tobacco in high-altitude mountainous regions, effectively improve the mu yield and the upper and middle tobacco proportions of KRK26 and ensure the quality of tobacco leaves.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting land: the selection and planning of the planting area are made in advance, the soil texture is loam, the sand content is 40% -55%, the altitude is 1900-2100m, the terrain is relatively flat, the ventilation is good, the rainfall is sufficient, and the illumination is strong;
2) ridging: deep ploughing to more than 30cm, drying upturned soil for more than 30 days, harrowing, and conditioning soil moisture to make the fine furrow straight and the furrow surface full, unifying the soil moisture directions of all plots in the same one-plot area, and regularly dividing the tobacco pond; the height of the soil moisture of the ground tobacco is not lower than 30cm, and the depth of the side ditch and the waist ditch is more than 5cm deeper than the soil moisture ditch, so that the smooth drainage is ensured;
3) transplanting: the transplanting time is concentrated in 4 months and 10 days to 4 months and 20 days, and the condition is provided for ensuring that the field growth period of the variety is more than 150 days, and the transplanting is concentrated in the same area; selecting strong tobacco seedlings, transplanting with medicine, and preventing black shank and root black rot;
4) fertilizing: before transplanting, detecting the soil fertility of a planting area, applying 4-5kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a high-fertility tobacco area, applying 5-6kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a medium-fertility tobacco area, and applying 6-7kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a low-fertility tobacco area; the fertilization principle is nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, potassium increase and proper supplement of trace element fertilizer;
5) covering the pine needles: covering the tobacco moisture after transplanting, particularly the roots of tobacco plants;
6) field management: after transplanting, 7-10 days, the seedlings are checked and the gaps are filled, and eccentric water and eccentric fertilizer are applied in time to ensure that the field grows neatly; before the tobacco plants enter the agglomeration period, strengthening intertillage management, lifting ditches and earthing up, high earthing up, promoting the root development of the tobacco plants, and fully covering pine needles at the roots of the tobacco plants with ditch soil; in addition, the control of black shank and black root rot is carried out during the field period;
7) topping: when the length of 26 th to 28 th leaves of a tobacco plant is 15cm, capping the upper part of the 25 th leaf in time, removing 2 to 4 bottom leaves, and ensuring that the effective number of the single plant is 22 to 24;
8) and (4) mature harvesting: according to the maturity degree, the lower tobacco leaves are matured, and one tobacco leaf is harvested.
Preferably, in step 1), the soil is acidic and has a pH of 5 to 5.5.
Preferably, in the step 4), the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio in the fertilizer is 1: 1-1.5: 2.5-3.5.
Preferably, in the step 5), the amount of the pine needles covering per mu is 500-800 kg.
Preferably, in step 6), the control of black shank and black root rot comprises: a. after 15 days of transplanting, 100 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder is mixed with 110kg of water for pouring, and each tobacco is poured with 100 ml and 150 ml of water; b. before earthing up, 200 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder is mixed with 150kg of water for spraying or pouring per mu, and each tobacco is poured with 150 ml of 100-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a production and planting method suitable for KRK26 in high-altitude mountainous regions, which can effectively improve the mu yield and the upper-medium tobacco proportion of KRK26, and the tobacco leaves have the advantages of medium appearance quality, higher suitability of internal chemical components, low potassium content, high chlorine content, good compatibility among indexes, obvious style characteristics of the tobacco leaves, sufficient aroma, fine, soft and smooth aroma, good taste comfort and high industrial availability.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
Example 1
In this embodiment, in 2016, KRK26 is planted in Yuxi mountain land, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) selecting land: the selection and planning of the planting area are made in advance, the soil texture is loam, the sand content is 40% -55%, the altitude is 1900-2100m, the terrain is relatively flat, the ventilation is good, the rainfall is sufficient, and the illumination is strong. The previous stubble is a fallow land so as to avoid delaying the timely transplantation of the variety. The soil is acidic and the pH value is 5-5.5.
2) Ridging: deep ploughing for 35cm, sunning upturned soil for 40 days, harrowing, and conditioning soil moisture to make the furrow and furrow straight, the furrow moisture surface full, the direction of each plot in the same one-slice area is uniform, and the tobacco pond is regularly divided; the height of the soil moisture of the ground tobacco is not lower than 30cm, and the depth of the side ditch and the waist ditch is more than 5cm deeper than the soil moisture ditch, so that the smooth drainage is ensured;
3) transplanting: the transplanting time is concentrated in 4 months and 10 days to 4 months and 20 days, and the condition is provided for ensuring that the field growth period of the variety is more than 150 days, and the transplanting is concentrated in the same area; selecting strong tobacco seedlings, transplanting with medicine, and preventing black shank and root black rot;
4) fertilizing: before transplanting, detecting the soil fertility of a planting area, applying 4.0kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a high-fertility tobacco area, applying 5kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a medium-fertility tobacco area, and applying 6kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a low-fertility tobacco area; the fertilization principle is nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, potassium increase and proper supplement of trace element fertilizer; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1: 1: 2.5.
5) covering the pine needles: the transplanted tobacco moisture is covered, particularly the roots of tobacco plants, so that the effects of covering pine needles with water, preserving moisture, preventing weeds, preventing the entropy surface from being washed, improving soil organic matters in tobacco planting areas and keeping soil fertility are exerted. The amount of the pine needles covered per mu is 500 kg.
6) Field management: checking seedlings and filling gaps 7 days after transplanting, and applying eccentric water and eccentric fertilizer in time to ensure that the field grows neatly; before the tobacco plants enter the agglomeration period, strengthening intertillage management, lifting ditches and earthing up, high earthing up, promoting the root development of the tobacco plants, and fully covering pine needles at the roots of the tobacco plants with ditch soil; in addition, the control of black shank and black root rot is carried out during the field period.
The control of black shank and black root rot includes: a. beginning 15 days after transplanting, pouring 100 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder and 110kg of water, and pouring 100 ml of water and 150 ml of water for each tobacco; b. before earthing up, 200 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder is mixed with 150kg of water for spraying or pouring per mu, and each tobacco is poured with 150 ml of 100-.
7) Topping: when the length of 26 th to 28 th leaves of a tobacco plant is 15cm, capping the upper part of the 25 th leaf in time, removing 2 to 4 bottom leaves, and ensuring that the effective number of the single plant is 22 to 24;
8) and (4) mature harvesting: according to the maturity degree, the lower tobacco leaves are matured, and one tobacco leaf is harvested.
Analysis of results
1 sample Source and assay method
The tobacco leaf samples are collected from Hongta group Yuxi high-quality tobacco leaf base unit, the variety is KRK26, and 5kg of tobacco leaf samples are respectively taken according to positions and grades (an upper part B2F, a middle part C3F and a lower part X2F). The evaluation of the appearance quality of the sample is qualitatively described according to the national standard GB 2635-. The chemical components are measured according to the related index detection standard of tobacco or tobacco products in the tobacco industry. Wherein the nicotine content is determined according to YC/T160-2002, the potassium oxide content is determined according to YC/T172-2003, the total sugar and reducing sugar content is determined according to YC/T159-2002, the total nitrogen content is determined according to the Kjeldahl method, and the chlorine content is determined according to YC 162-2002. Sensory quality evaluation is carried out according to the tobacco raw material style and sensory quality evaluation method Q/YNZY.J07.030-2015 in Yunnan.
2 data processing and analysis
Data processing was performed using Excel 2010 and SPSS software.
3 results of the test
3.1 economic traits
Test results show that the economic character indexes of KRK26 planted by the method are better than those of conventional controls, and details are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 12016 years economic trait status
3.2 appearance quality
From the appearance quality condition, the maturity of each part is mature, the maturity of the tobacco leaves at the middle upper part is higher, the color is orange, the structure is integrally loose to still loose, the identity is moderate, the comprehensive score is higher, and the overall appearance quality is better.
TABLE 22016 years tobacco leaf appearance quality
Note: each appearance index is scored by 10 points, the total score is 100 points, and the proportion among the indexes is as follows: maturity: color: the structure is as follows: oil portion: identity: chroma is 30:15:20:15:10: 10.
3.3 chemical composition
TABLE 32016 year tobacco chemical composition
As can be seen from Table 3, the chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the test are suitable overall in nicotine content, high in sugar content and low in potassium and high in chlorine, and the harmony among the indexes is good except that the non-nicotine nitrogen ratio of the lower tobacco leaves is slightly higher than 0.85 in total nitrogen, and the harmony among other indexes such as sugar alkali, two sugars and the like is good.
3.4 sensory evaluation
The result of sensory evaluation of the test flue-cured tobacco leaves shows that the tobacco leaves at each part have good richness and enough fragrance, fine and smooth texture, light irritation and impurity gas, moderate strength, good overall mouthfeel comfort and high quality of the tobacco leaves evaluated by sensory quality.
TABLE 42016 sensory evaluation of tobacco leaf
Example 2
In this embodiment, in 2017, KRK26 is planted in Yuxi mountain land, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) selecting land: the selection and planning of the planting area are made in advance, the soil texture is loam-sandy soil, the sand content is 40% -55%, the altitude is 1900-2100m, the terrain is relatively flat, the ventilation is good, the rainfall is sufficient, and the illumination is strong. The previous stubble is a planting early-maturing variety so as to avoid delaying the timely transplantation of the variety. The soil is acidic and the pH value is 5-5.5.
2) Ridging: deep ploughing to 35cm, drying upturned soil for 40 days, harrowing, and conditioning soil moisture to make the furrow and furrow straight, the furrow moisture surface full, the direction of each plot in the same one-slice area is uniform, and the tobacco pond is regularly divided; the height of the soil moisture of the ground tobacco is not lower than 30cm, and the depth of the side ditch and the waist ditch is more than 5cm deeper than the soil moisture ditch, so that the smooth drainage is ensured;
3) transplanting: the transplanting time is concentrated in 4 months and 10 days to 4 months and 20 days, and the condition is provided for ensuring that the field growth period of the variety is more than 150 days, and the transplanting is concentrated in the same area; selecting strong tobacco seedlings, transplanting with medicine, and preventing black shank and root black rot;
4) fertilizing: before transplanting, detecting the soil fertility of a planting area, applying 4.5kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a high-fertility tobacco area, applying 5.5kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a medium-fertility tobacco area, and applying 6.5kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a low-fertility tobacco area; the fertilization principle is nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, potassium increase and proper supplement of trace element fertilizer; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1: 1: 2.
5) covering the pine needles: the transplanted tobacco moisture is covered, particularly the roots of tobacco plants, so that the effects of covering pine needles with water, preserving moisture, preventing weeds, preventing the entropy surface from being washed, improving soil organic matters in tobacco planting areas and keeping soil fertility are exerted. The amount of the pine needles covering mu is 600 kg.
6) Field management: checking seedlings and filling gaps 7 days after transplanting, and applying eccentric water and eccentric fertilizer in time to ensure that the field grows neatly; before the tobacco plants enter the agglomeration period, strengthening intertillage management, lifting ditches and earthing up, high earthing up, promoting the root development of the tobacco plants, and fully covering pine needles at the roots of the tobacco plants with ditch soil; in addition, the control of black shank and black root rot is carried out during the field period.
The control of black shank and black root rot includes: a. transplanting for 15 days, pouring 100 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder and 110kg of water, and pouring 100-; b. before earthing up, 200 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder is mixed with 150kg of water for spraying or pouring per mu, and each tobacco is poured with 150 ml of 100-.
7) Topping: when the length of 26 th to 28 th leaves of a tobacco plant is 15cm, capping the upper part of the 25 th leaf in time, removing 2 to 4 bottom leaves, and ensuring that the effective number of the single plant is 22 to 24;
8) and (4) mature harvesting: according to the maturity degree, the lower tobacco leaves are matured, and one tobacco leaf is harvested.
Analysis of results
1 sample source and assay methods were performed according to the 2016 test method.
2 data processing and analysis
Data processing was performed using Excel 2010 and SPSS software.
3 results of the test
3.1 economic traits
The test results in 2017 show that the economic character indexes of KRK26 planted by the method are better than those of conventional control, the yield per mu reaches 151kg, the yield per mu reaches 4305.5 yuan, and the yield per mu is obviously higher than the conventional local planting level, and the details are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 52017 economic trait status
3.2 appearance quality
From the appearance quality condition, the maturity of each part is mature, the mature spots of the tobacco leaves at the middle upper part are obvious, the color is orange, the whole structure is loose to loose, the identity is moderate, the comprehensive score is high, and the whole appearance quality is good.
TABLE 62017 conditions of appearance and quality of tobacco leaves
Note: each appearance index is scored by 10 points, the total score is 100 points, and the proportion among the indexes is as follows: maturity: color: the structure is as follows: oil portion: identity: chroma is 30:15:20:15:10: 10.
3.3 chemical composition
TABLE 72017 conditions of chemical composition of tobacco leaves
As can be seen from Table 3, the flue-cured tobacco leaf tested in 2017 has better performance in terms of single chemical component index or coordination among indexes, the nicotine content is integrally proper, the sugar content is higher, the potassium content is higher and the chlorine content is lower, and the coordination among the indexes is better except that the non-nicotine nitrogen ratio total nitrogen of the lower tobacco leaf is slightly higher than 0.85.
3.4 sensory evaluation
The sensory evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco leaves tested in 2017 shows that the tobacco leaves at all parts have good richness in tobacco fragrance, sufficient fragrance, fine and smooth texture, light irritation and impurity gas, moderate strength, good overall mouthfeel comfort, high quality of the tobacco leaves evaluated by sensory quality and high industrial availability of the tobacco leaves.
TABLE 82017 sensory evaluation of tobacco leaf
Example 3
In this embodiment, in 2018, KRK26 is planted in Yuxi mountain land, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) selecting land: the selection and planning of the planting area are made in advance, the soil texture is loam-sandy soil, the sand content is 40% -55%, the altitude is 1900-2100m, the terrain is relatively flat, the ventilation is good, the rainfall is sufficient, and the illumination is strong. The previous stubble is a planting early-maturing variety so as to avoid delaying the timely transplantation of the variety. The soil is acidic and the pH value is 5-5.5.
2) Ridging: deep ploughing to 35cm, drying upturned soil for 40 days, harrowing, and conditioning soil moisture to make the furrow and furrow straight, the furrow moisture surface full, the direction of each plot in the same one-slice area is uniform, and the tobacco pond is regularly divided; the height of the soil moisture of the ground tobacco is not lower than 30cm, and the depth of the side ditch and the waist ditch is more than 5cm deeper than the soil moisture ditch, so that the smooth drainage is ensured;
3) transplanting: the transplanting time is concentrated in 4 months and 10 days to 4 months and 20 days, and the condition is provided for ensuring that the field growth period of the variety is more than 150 days, and the transplanting is concentrated in the same area; selecting strong tobacco seedlings, transplanting with medicine, and preventing black shank and root black rot;
4) fertilizing: before transplanting, detecting the soil fertility of a planting area, applying 5kg of pure nitrogen to each mu of a high-fertility tobacco area, applying 6kg of pure nitrogen to each mu of a medium-fertility tobacco area, and applying 7kg of pure nitrogen to each mu of a low-fertility tobacco area; the fertilization principle is nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, potassium increase and proper supplement of trace element fertilizer; the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1: 1.5: 3.5.
5) covering the pine needles: the transplanted tobacco moisture is covered, particularly the roots of tobacco plants, so that the effects of covering pine needles with water, preserving moisture, preventing weeds, preventing the entropy surface from being washed, improving soil organic matters in tobacco planting areas and keeping soil fertility are exerted. The amount of the pine needles covered per mu is about 800 kg.
6) Field management: checking seedlings and filling gaps 7 days after transplanting, and applying eccentric water and eccentric fertilizer in time to ensure that the field grows neatly; before the tobacco plants enter the agglomeration period, strengthening intertillage management, lifting ditches and earthing up, high earthing up, promoting the root development of the tobacco plants, and fully covering pine needles at the roots of the tobacco plants with ditch soil; in addition, the control of black shank and black root rot is carried out during the field period.
The control of black shank and black root rot includes: a. transplanting for 15 days, pouring 100 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder and 110kg of water, and pouring 100-; b. before earthing up, 200 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder is mixed with 150kg of water for spraying or pouring per mu, and each tobacco is poured with 150 ml of 100-.
7) Topping: when the length of 26 th to 28 th leaves of a tobacco plant is 15cm, capping the upper part of the 25 th leaf in time, removing 2 to 4 bottom leaves, and ensuring that the effective number of the single plant is 22 to 24;
8) and (4) mature harvesting: according to the maturity degree, the lower tobacco leaves are matured, and one tobacco leaf is harvested.
Analysis of results
1 materials and methods
1.1 Meteorological data
The meteorological data is provided by flue-cured tobacco meteorological service center in Dian of Yuxi city.
1.2 sample sources and methods of determination
Soil samples are collected from KRK26 tobacco planting areas, and sampling is carried out according to the sampling rate of every 100 mu, and relevant index detection is carried out. Soil sample preparation is carried out according to NY/T1121.1-2006, pH is measured according to NY/T1377-2007, organic matters are measured according to NY/T1121.6-2006, hydrolysis nitrogen is measured by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, available phosphorus is measured according to NY/T149-1990, available potassium is measured according to NY/T889-2004, available boron is measured according to NY/T1121.8-2006, chloride ions are measured according to NY/T1378-2007, and exchangeable calcium and magnesium are measured according to NY/T1121.13-2006.
The tobacco leaf samples are collected from Hongta group Yuxi high-quality tobacco leaf base unit, the variety is KRK26, and 5kg of tobacco leaf samples are respectively taken according to positions and grades (an upper part B2F, a middle part C3F and a lower part X2F). The evaluation of the appearance quality of the sample is qualitatively described according to the national standard GB 2635-. The chemical components are measured according to the related index detection standard of tobacco or tobacco products in the tobacco industry. Wherein the nicotine content is determined according to YC/T160-2002, the potassium oxide content is determined according to YC/T172-2003, the total sugar and reducing sugar content is determined according to YC/T159-2002, the total nitrogen content is determined according to the Kjeldahl method, and the chlorine content is determined according to YC 162-2002. Sensory quality evaluation is carried out according to the tobacco raw material style and sensory quality evaluation method Q/YNZY.J07.030-2015 in Yunnan.
1.3 data processing and analysis
Data processing was performed using Excel 2010 and SPSS software.
2 results
2.1 KRK26 Smoke-planting zone meteorological features
By analyzing the meteorological conditions of each growth period of the KRK26 variety tobacco planting area in the last 9 years and comparing the meteorological conditions with the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves on the meteorological conditions, the table 9 shows that the sunshine is sufficient in the field period of the tobacco planting area, the average time reaches 847.5h in 9 years, and the sunshine is about 700h in the last two years and is at the upper limit of the requirements of the high-quality tobacco leaves. The daily average temperature is higher in the transplanting period, the temperature is about 18 ℃, and the rainfall in 2018 is relatively more and reaches 162.9 mm. The temperature is proper for the long-term vigorous growth, but the average rainfall in the last 9 years is slightly lower than the requirement of the proper value, and the rainfall in 2018 is relatively vigorous. The sunshine is totally sufficient in the mature period, the average day temperature reaches 327.3h in nearly 9 years, the day temperature is slightly lower than the proper value by about 1 ℃ in 2017 years, and the rainfall is slightly more than 200 mm.
TABLE 9 weather conditions for each growth period of KRK26 tobacco-planting area
2.2 KRK26 Smoke-planting zone soil Condition
Comparing the soil property index of the KRK26 tobacco planting area with the tobacco planting soil requirement in the technical standard of tobacco planting area planning in Yunnan province, it can be seen from Table 10 that the pH of the KRK26 tobacco planting area soil is between 4.64 and 6.19, the average pH is 5.13, the pH is lower than the lower limit of the proper value by 5.5, and the soil is acidic. The organic matter content is 12.68-20.47g/kg, the average is 14.35g/kg, which is slightly lower than the requirement of proper value, and the organic matter content of the soil is lower. The content of hydrolyzed nitrogen was low, with an average value of only 66.05mg/kg and a minimum value of 20.48 mg/kg. The effective phosphorus content is 17.26-47.88mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 80.85-215.67mg/kg, and the average values of the effective phosphorus content and the quick-acting potassium content are 29.56mg/kg and 132.61mg/kg respectively, which indicates that the soil is rich in phosphorus and potassium. The effective boron content is 0.27-0.69mg/kg, and the chloride ion content is lower. The content of exchangeable calcium is 143.75-978.15mg/kg, and the content of exchangeable magnesium is 10.75-42.50 mg/kg.
TABLE 10 KRK26 Smoke-planting zone soil index conditions
2.3 economic traits
By analyzing the economic benefit of the example KRK26 in 2018, KRK26 belongs to a multi-leaf variety and has high yield. The yield reaches about 150kg in recent years, the yield per mu reaches 4300 yuan, the smoke is high in the upper and middle levels, and the details are shown in a table 11.
TABLE 112018 economic trait of KRK26
2.4 appearance quality
By evaluating the appearance quality of the KRK26 flue-cured tobacco leaves, it can be seen from Table 12 that the maturity of the tobacco leaves at each part is 7 minutes, and the tobacco leaves can be mature. The color of the upper tobacco leaf and the lower tobacco leaf is 8 minutes, and the upper tobacco leaf and the lower tobacco leaf are orange yellow, and the middle tobacco leaf is light orange yellow to orange yellow. The lower part of the tobacco leaves has loose structure, the upper part of the tobacco leaves has a slightly dense structure till the upper part is loose, the oil content of the middle part of the tobacco leaves reaches the grade of the oil content, and the upper part and the lower part of the tobacco leaves have slight structure till the lower part. The identities are all 7 points, the identity of the lower part is slightly thin, the middle part is medium, and the upper part is slightly thick. The lower chroma is 6 points at the middle and upper part, and the grade is strong. The appearance quality is higher. Synthesis of
TABLE 12 KRK26 appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves
Note: each appearance index is scored by 10 points, the total score is 100 points, and the proportion among the indexes is as follows: maturity: color: the structure is as follows: oil portion: identity: chroma is 30:15:20:15:10: 10.
2.5 chemical composition analysis
By analyzing the content of each index of the chemical components of the KRK26 flue-cured tobacco leaves, the method is compared and analyzed with the requirements of Yunnan Zhongyan tobacco leaves on the chemical components of fragrant I type producing areas. As can be seen from Table 13, the nicotine content of each part is required to be an appropriate value, the potassium content is higher and is more than 2.0%, and the potassium content of the lower tobacco leaves reaches 3.27%. The content of chloride ions is low, and is about 0.2 percent. The coordination of sugar and alkali and the coordination of two sugars are both better, and the non-nicotine nitrogen ratio total nitrogen is in a proper range.
TABLE 13 KRK26 flue-cured tobacco leaf chemical composition
2.6 sensory quality evaluation
From the sensory quality evaluation results of the KRK26 flue-cured tobacco leaves in recent years, it can be seen from Table 14 that the overall sensory quality is higher, the aroma style mainly comprises fresh sweet, baked sweet and nut aroma, the tobacco aroma is clear and natural, the sweet taste is comfortable, the aroma is rich, the texture is mellow, fine and smooth, soft and soft, the strength is moderate, the moistening feeling is good, and the taste is comfortable. The comprehensive score of the middle tobacco leaves is 84 points, the score of the lower tobacco leaves is 82.5 points, the score of the upper tobacco leaves is the highest and is 84.5 points, the whole quality performance of the year is stable, and all indexes are balanced. The tobacco leaf industry has high availability, and the development of new products, the quality improvement of old products and high-end brands have great demands.
TABLE 14 KRK26 flue-cured tobacco sensory quality
The invention provides a production and planting method suitable for KRK26 in high-altitude mountainous regions, which can effectively improve the mu yield and the medium-to-medium tobacco ratio of KRK26, and has the advantages of medium tobacco leaf appearance quality, higher internal chemical component suitability, low potassium content, high chlorine content, good compatibility among indexes, obvious tobacco leaf style characteristics, sufficient aroma, fine, soft and smooth aroma, good taste comfort and high industrial availability.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A high-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting land: the method comprises the following steps of making a planting area selection plan in advance, wherein the soil texture is loam, the sand content is 40% -55%, the altitude is 1900-;
2) ridging: deep ploughing to more than 30cm, drying upturned soil for more than 30 days, harrowing, and conditioning soil moisture to make the fine furrow straight and the furrow surface full, unifying the soil moisture directions of all plots in the same one-plot area, and regularly dividing the tobacco pond; the height of the soil moisture of the ground tobacco is not lower than 30cm, and the depth of the side ditch and the waist ditch is more than 5cm deeper than the soil moisture ditch, so that the smooth drainage is ensured;
3) transplanting: the transplanting time is concentrated in 4 months and 10 days to 4 months and 20 days, and the condition is provided for ensuring that the field growth period of the variety is more than 150 days, and the transplanting is concentrated in the same area; selecting strong tobacco seedlings, transplanting with medicine, and preventing black shank and root black rot;
4) fertilizing: before transplanting, detecting the soil fertility of a planting area, applying 4-5kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a high-fertility tobacco area, applying 5-6kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a medium-fertility tobacco area, and applying 6-7kg of pure nitrogen per mu in a low-fertility tobacco area; the fertilization principle is nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, potassium increase and proper supplement of trace element fertilizer;
5) covering the pine needles: covering the tobacco moisture after transplanting, particularly the roots of tobacco plants;
6) field management: after transplanting, 7-10 days, the seedlings are checked and the gaps are filled, and eccentric water and eccentric fertilizer are applied in time to ensure that the field grows neatly; before the tobacco plants enter the agglomeration period, strengthening intertillage management, lifting ditches and earthing up, high earthing up, promoting the root development of the tobacco plants, and fully covering pine needles at the roots of the tobacco plants with ditch soil; in addition, the control of black shank and black root rot is carried out during the field period;
7) topping: when the length of 26 th to 28 th leaves of a tobacco plant is 15cm, capping the upper part of the 25 th leaf in time, removing 2 to 4 bottom leaves, and ensuring that the effective number of the single plant is 22 to 24;
8) and (4) mature harvesting: according to the maturity degree, the lower tobacco leaves are matured, and one tobacco leaf is harvested.
2. The method for producing and planting KRK26 tobacco in high altitude mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the KRK26 tobacco is prepared by the following steps: in the step 1), the soil is acidic, and the pH value is 5-5.5.
3. The method for planting KRK26 tobacco in high altitude mountain land according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1: 1-1.5: 2.5-3.5.
4. The method for planting KRK26 tobacco in high altitude mountain land according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the high-fertility smoke area refers to the soil hydrolysis nitrogen of the tobacco planting area is more than 120-150mg/kg, the medium-fertility smoke area refers to the soil hydrolysis nitrogen of the tobacco planting area is 60-120mg/kg, and the low-fertility smoke area refers to the soil hydrolysis nitrogen of the tobacco planting area is less than 60 mg/kg.
5. The method for planting KRK26 tobacco in high altitude mountain land according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 5), the dosage of pine needle covering per mu is 500-800 kg.
6. The method for planting KRK26 tobacco in high altitude mountain land according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 6), the control of the black shank and the black root rot comprises the following steps: a. after 15 days of transplanting, 100 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder is mixed with 110kg of water for pouring, and each tobacco is poured with 100 ml and 150 ml of water; b. before earthing up, 200 g of 58% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder is mixed with 150kg of water for spraying or pouring per mu, and each tobacco is poured with 150 ml of 100-.
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