CN115362901B - Cultivation method for improving quality and economic character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving quality and economic character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving quality and economical character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps: (1) early sowing and early transplanting; (2) applying cake fertilizer and potash fertilizer; (3) controlling plant height and leave number. The invention is scientific and practical, simple to operate, strong in operability and convenient for expanding popularization. The invention fully shows the economic benefit of the variety on the premise of 1000-1100 plants and 18-22 leaves per mu of flue-cured tobacco variety 7 of Hunan tobacco, can ensure 20000-22000 leaves per mu, has a middle tobacco leaf length of 72-76cm and a single leaf weight of 8-12g; the length of the upper tobacco leaves is 68-72cm, the weight of a single leaf is 12-15g, and the per mu yield can reach 170-190kg. The cured tobacco leaves obtained by the method have good maturity, normal yellow to golden yellow color, strong chroma, sufficient oil content, loose structure, good elasticity and good tobacco leaf quality, and completely meet the industrial requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and in particular relates to a cultivation method for improving quality and/or economic properties of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves.
Background
The flue-cured tobacco variety No. 7 of Hunan tobacco has the characteristics of low temperature resistance, good resistance, excellent quality, high yield and the like, is selected from a combination (YZ 206-MO-10 xK 326) xK 326, and YZ206-MO-10 is a double cross stable strain of (G28 xCoker 176) x (K326 xInnovation No. 3). The tobacco variety approval board approved by the national tobacco variety approval board in 10 months 2020, and the variety approval number is 202003. The Hunan tobacco No. 7 is in a shape of a plant, has long and elliptic leaf shape, green leaf color, medium main pulse thickness, thinner pitch, strong Tian Changshi, about 130 days in the Hunan and Hunan provinces, about 140 days in the Hunan and about 10-15 days longer than the cloud tobacco 87 and K326. The nitrogen amount required in the field period is slightly lower than that of the flue-cured tobacco variety cloud tobacco 87 and K326, and the potassium amount is more. The effective leave number is 18-20, the high yield is good, and the comprehensive economic character is obviously superior to that of cloud tobacco 87 and K326. The tobacco leaves are layered and yellow, are well ripe, have good baking easiness and baking resistance, and the water loss progress is slightly slower than the yellowing progress. The requirements of the middle and upper parts She Chengshou degrees are higher than those of cloud tobacco 87, and the tobacco leaves with insufficient maturity are easy to generate green ribs and stiff tobacco in the baking process. The original tobacco has good appearance quality, low stem content, coordinated main chemical components, good style and characteristics of tobacco leaves, prominent mellow and sweet flavor and better sensory quality than K326 and cloud tobacco 87. The black shank and bacterial wilt resistance in the middle are high in comprehensive resistance, and particularly the low temperature resistance and the early flowering resistance are obviously better than those of cloud cigarettes 87 and K326.
Different flue-cured tobacco varieties have different requirements in the aspects of sowing, transplanting, growing, planting density, fertilization, cultivation, field management and the like, so that the performances of different flue-cured tobacco varieties such as yield, yield value, quality and the like are realized. Therefore, the method aims at the local main cultivated flue-cured tobacco variety, meets the optimal growth requirement of the local main cultivated flue-cured tobacco variety, meets the raw material requirement of the cigarette industry, and provides a matching scheme suitable for the flue-cured tobacco variety.
The low-temperature cold damage always restricts the production and development of local tobacco leaves, the low-temperature stress seriously affects the normal growth and development of the tobacco leaves, the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves are reduced, and huge economic losses are caused to local tobacco farmers. Taking Hunan as an example, since the local tobacco main cultivated varieties of cloud tobacco 87 and K326 are not low-temperature resistant and easy to early flower, in order to avoid adverse effects of low-temperature cold injury on tobacco leaf production, a greenhouse is used for tobacco seedling culture, the seeding time is about No. 12 month 20 in a Hunan tobacco region, about No. 12 month 25 in a Hunan middle tobacco region, about No. 2 month 20 in a Hunan North China sea 500m tobacco region, about 2 months 25 in an elevation 500-800m tobacco region, about No. 3 month 1 in an elevation 800-1000m tobacco region, and about No. 3 month 5 in an elevation 1000-1500m tobacco region; tobacco seedling transplanting generally begins after the daily average temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃, the tobacco region in the south of Hunan in the transplanting period is about 3 months 15, the tobacco region in the middle of Hunan is about 3 months 20, the tobacco region below 500m in North China sea in the west of Hunan is about 4 months 25, the tobacco region with the altitude of 500-800m is about 5 months 1, the tobacco region with the altitude of 800-1000m is about 5 months 5, and the tobacco region with the altitude of 1000-1500m is about 5 months 10. Therefore, the low-temperature-resistant and early-flowering-resistant flue-cured tobacco variety and the matched agricultural cultivation measures have great production practical value, and can provide a guiding scheme for local tobacco leaf production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a cultivation method which is scientific, practical, simple and convenient to operate and strong in operability and can improve the quality and economic properties of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves.
The invention also provides a matched cultivation measure of the low-temperature-resistant flue-cured tobacco variety Xiang tobacco No. 7, and provides a guiding scheme for the production of low-temperature-resistant flue-cured tobacco variety tobacco leaves.
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving quality and economical character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Early sowing and early transplanting: the flue-cured tobacco variety Xiang tobacco No. 7 is sowed 9-21 days earlier than the local flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 or K326, and the sowing time is as follows: 12 months 1-12 months 15 days in the area with the altitude less than 500m, 12 months 30-1 month 10 days in the area with the altitude of 500-800m, and 2 months 1-2 months 15 days in the area with the altitude more than 800 m; and transplanting the flue-cured tobacco variety according to the local climate condition 9-21 days earlier than the cloud tobacco 87 or K326 period, wherein the transplanting period is as follows: 1 month to 3 months and 10 days in the area with the altitude less than 500m, 4 months to 10 months to 20 days in the area with the altitude of 500 to 800m, and 4 months to 21 months to 5 months to 10 days in the area with the altitude more than 800 m;
(2) Applying cake fertilizer and potash fertilizer: 6.5-11.5kg of pure nitrogen is applied to acre of the rice tobacco-making area, 7-9.5kg of pure nitrogen is applied to acre of the dry tobacco-making area, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N:P when the local cloud tobacco is 87 or K326 2 O 5 ∶K 2 On the basis of O=1:1:2.5-2.8, 15 kg/mu of biologically fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer with the ratio of N+P+K being larger than or equal to 8% is additionally applied, and 15kg of potassium sulfate/mu is additionally applied, namely, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied by Xiang tobacco No. 7 is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O＝1∶1∶3-3.6；
(3) Control plant height and leave number: topping the tobacco plants before the buds of the tobacco plants appear to the central flowers, wherein the topping plant height is controlled to be 110-130cm; 6-8 tobacco leaves at the lower part are removed from bottom to top, and the effective leaf retention number is 18-22.
Further, in the step (1), the sowing time is: the Hunan tobacco No. 7 is sown for 15-20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude less than 500m, and is sown for 20 days preferentially earlier; the Hunan tobacco No. 7 is sown earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 for 10-15 days in the area with the altitude of 500-800m, preferably 15 days earlier; xiang tobacco No. 7 is sown 10-12 days earlier than local Yunyan 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude of more than 800m, and is preferably sown 10 days earlier.
Further, in the step (1), the transplanting period is: the Hunan tobacco No. 7 is transplanted 15-20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude less than 500m, and preferably transplanted 20 days earlier; the Hunan tobacco No. 7 is transplanted for 12-15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the region with the altitude of 500-800m, preferably 15 days earlier; xiang tobacco No. 7 is transplanted 10-12 days earlier than local Yunyan 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude of more than 800m, and preferably 10 days earlier.
Further, in the step (2), the fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of Xiangyun No. 7 is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O＝1∶1∶3.5。
In the step (3), the leaves of the inflorescence and 1-3 leaves below the inflorescence are cut off in the leaves leaving mode of the effective leaves leaving number, the leaves of which the leaves correspond to each leaves leaving number horizontally from top to bottom are reserved, and all the leaves at the other lower parts are removed.
Further, in the step (1), the planting density of the transplanting is 1000-1100 plants transplanted per mu, and the plant row spacing is 0.50-0.55mx1.2m.
In the step (3), the cultivation height is carried out after the topping leaves are reserved, and the ridge height is more than 35cm.
Further, in the step (1), the transplanting is deep planting with the depth of 10-15cm and is completed in 2-3 days.
Further, the area with the altitude less than 500m is a long sand area or a Chenzhou area or a Yongzhou area, preferably a Chenzhou area; the area with the altitude of 500-800m is one of a Huayuan county area or a Huaiyan area or a Shaoyang area of Hunan province, and the Huayuan county area of Hunan province is preferred; the area with the altitude of more than 800m is one of a Xiang-xi area, a Hedyke area or a Zhang Jiang area, and the Xiang-xi area is preferred.
The invention also provides an application of the cultivation method for improving the quality and economic character of the Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves in the low-temperature-resistant Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaf production in the same altitude and same latitude area.
Furthermore, areas below the elevation of 500m, including but not limited to areas in Hunan, and areas in Jiangxi, hubei and Fujian with the same elevation and the same latitude are also applicable to the invention; the areas with the altitude of 500-800m comprise but are not limited to Hunan areas, and the areas with the same altitude and the same latitude in Guizhou and Chongqing are also suitable for the invention; the area with the altitude above 800m comprises but is not limited to a Hunan area, and the areas with the same altitude and the same latitude, such as Sichuan and Anhui areas, are also suitable for the invention.
The plant-growing parts of the tobacco leaves in the invention can be divided into five parts: the 2-3 leaves at the lower part of the tobacco plant are called foot leaves; 4-5 leaves upwards are called as lower two shed leaves; the middle 4-6 leaves are called waist leaves; 4-5 leaves with the middle part upwards are called as upper two shed leaves; the top 3-4 leaves of the tobacco plant are called top leaves. The foot leaves and the lower two canopy leaves are also called lower leaves, and the upper two canopy leaves and the top leaves are called upper leaves.
According to the invention, the sowing and transplanting are carried out in a reasonable time according to the altitude and soil property of a planting field by adjusting the sowing period and the transplanting period, and the plant height leaves are controlled and controlled by auxiliary fertilization, so that the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco variety 7 of Hunan tobacco are fully shown: low temperature resistance, good resistance, excellent quality and high yield.
In addition, the inventor finds that the upward shift of the leave position is beneficial to the release of the economic potential of the variety through years of field experiments, and under the condition of less leave number, the leave She Weizhi is suitable for downward shift and is more beneficial to the release of the economic potential of the variety; the method has a relation with the large plant type of Hunan tobacco No. 7, under the condition of high leave number, the upper tobacco leaves are seriously shielded from the lower tobacco leaves, the leave number position is moved upwards as a whole, and the bottom leaves are removed more at the same time, so that ventilation and light transmission are improved, the effective yield is increased, and the tobacco leaf quality is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Scientific and practical, simple operation, strong operability and convenient expansion popularization, not only provides a cultivation technology matched with flue-cured tobacco variety Xiang tobacco No. 7, but also provides a guiding scheme for low-temperature-resistant flue-cured tobacco variety tobacco leaf production while fully showing variety characteristics of the Xiang tobacco No. 7; (2) The method has the advantages that the flue-cured tobacco variety No. 7 of Hunan tobacco is used for planting 1000-1100 plants per mu, the economic character of the variety is fully shown on the premise of 18-22 leaves per mu, the number of the leaves per mu can be 20000-22000, the length of the middle tobacco leaf is 72-76cm, and the weight of a single leaf is 8-12g; the length of the upper tobacco leaves is 68-72cm, the weight of the single leaf is 12-15g, and the per mu yield can reach 170-190kg. The cured tobacco leaves obtained by the method have good maturity, normal yellow to golden yellow color, strong chroma, sufficient oil content, loose structure, good elasticity and good tobacco leaf quality, and completely meet the industrial requirements.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
The fertilizers and chemicals used in the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, were obtained by conventional commercial means.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Early sowing and early transplanting: the flue-cured tobacco variety of Hunan tobacco No. 7 is sown for 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326, and the sowing period is: 12 months and 5 days in 2020, with an altitude less than 500m, 12 months and 31 in 2020, with an altitude of 500-800m, 2021, 2 months and 5 days in 2021, with an altitude greater than 800 m; and transplanting for 15 days earlier than the cloud tobacco 87 or K326 of the local flue-cured tobacco variety according to the local climate conditions, wherein the transplanting period is as follows: the elevation is less than 3 months and 5 days of 2021 in 500m region, the elevation is 500-800m region 2021, 4 months and 12 days in 2021, and the elevation is greater than 800m region 2021, 4 months and 30 days;
(2) Applying cake fertilizer and potash fertilizer: applying 10-11kg of pure nitrogen to acre of rice seedling tobacco area, applying 7kg of pure nitrogen to acre of dry seedling tobacco area, and applying 87 or K326 of local cloud tobacco to obtain fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ratio of N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 On the basis of O=1:1:2.8, 10 kg/mu of biologically fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer (N+P+K is larger than or equal to 8%) and 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are additionally applied, namely, hunan tobacco No. 7 fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the proportion of N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O＝1∶1∶3.0-3.2；
(3) Control plant height and leave number: topping the tobacco plants before the buds of the tobacco plants appear in the central flowers, wherein the topping plant height is controlled at 110cm; 7 tobacco leaves at the lower part are discarded from bottom to top, and the number of effective leaves is 20.
The types of tobacco fields in the producing area in this embodiment include Chenzhou Guiyang area, changsha Liuyang area and Xiangxi Yongshun area.
The Chenzhou Guiyang region, changsha Liuyang region, xiangxi Yongshun region described in this example is paddy field.
In the embodiment, the transplanting in the step (1) is completed in a concentrated way for 2 days, meanwhile, deep planting is realized, the depth is 10cm, and later lodging is prevented; production and planting density of transplanting: the row spacing of the plants is 0.55m multiplied by 1.2m, and 1050 plants are transplanted per mu;
after the step (2) is completed, field management and pest control are performed: carrying out intertillage high hilling, wherein the ridge height is 45cm to prevent lodging in windy weather; the whole course of the method enhances the water management and the comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests (particularly, the prevention of target spot disease, virus disease, brown spot disease and wildfire disease); .
The embodiment also comprises the following tobacco leaf maturity harvesting, namely harvesting maturity is based on the following: the lower part She Shemian is green-yellow, and the main pulse is green; the middle She Shemian is yellow, the leaf margin of the leaf tip is light yellow, and more than half of the main pulse turns white; the upper portion She Shemian is substantially yellow, with over two-thirds of the main pulse becoming white.
Example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in the step (2) of applying cake fertilizer and potash fertilizer, 10 Kg/mu of biologically fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer (N+P+K +.8%) and 10 Kg/mu of K are applied 2 SO 4 Overall fertilization level N: P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O=1:1:3.2-3.5. The Chenzhou Guiyang region, changsha Liuyang region, xiangxi Yongshun region, is a upland field.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (2) of increasing the biological fermentation rapeseed cake fertilizer (N+P+K is not less than 8%) and the cake fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, 11 kg-12 kg of pure nitrogen is applied to acre of the rice tobacco producing area, 8kg of pure nitrogen is applied to acre of the dry tobacco producing area, and the total fertilization level is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O=1:1:2.8. The Chenzhou Guiyang region, changsha Liuyang region, xiangxi Yongshun region described in this example is paddy field.
Example 4
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (2), the biologically fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer (N+P+K is not less than 8%) is additionally applied, and 10 Kg/mu of biologically fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer is additionally applied, and the total fertilization level is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O=1:1:2.8. The Chenzhou Guiyang region, changsha Liuyang region, xiangxi Yongshun region described in this example is paddy field.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in the step (2) of applying cake fertilizer and potash fertilizer, 5kg of potassium sulfate per mu is applied, and the total fertilization level is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O=1:1:3.0-3.2. The Chenzhou Guiyang region, changsha Liuyang region, xiangxi Yongshun region described in this example is paddy field.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in the plant height and leave number controlled in step (3), the effective leave number is 18, the mode of the effective leave number is to cut the inflorescence and 1 piece of tobacco leaves below the inflorescence, the leaf number corresponding to each leave number level from top to bottom is reserved, and the rest of the lower leaves are all removed.
Example 7
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in the plant height and leave number controlled in step (3), the effective leave number is 18, the mode of the effective leave number is to cut off the inflorescence and 3 pieces of tobacco leaves below the inflorescence, the leaf number corresponding to each leave number level from top to bottom is reserved, and the rest of lower leaves are all removed.
Example 8
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in the plant height and leave number controlled in step (3), the effective leave number is 20, the mode of the effective leave number is to cut the inflorescence and 1 piece of tobacco leaf below the inflorescence, the leaf number corresponding to each leave number level from top to bottom is reserved, and the rest of the lower leaves are all removed.
Example 9
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in the plant height and leave number controlled in step (3), the effective leave number is 20, the mode of the effective leave number is to cut off the inflorescence and 3 pieces of tobacco leaves below the inflorescence, the leaf number corresponding to each leave number level from top to bottom is reserved, and the rest of lower leaves are all removed.
Example 10
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in the plant height and leave number controlled in step (3), the effective leave number is 22, the mode of the effective leave number is to cut the inflorescence and 1 piece of tobacco leaf below the inflorescence, the leaf number corresponding to each leave number level from top to bottom is reserved, and the rest of the lower leaves are all removed.
Example 11
The difference between this example and example 1 is that only in the plant height and leave number controlled in step (3), the effective leave number is 22, the mode of the effective leave number is to cut off the inflorescence and 3 pieces of tobacco leaves below the inflorescence, the leaf number corresponding to each leave number level from top to bottom is reserved, and the rest of lower leaves are all removed.
Example 12
The difference between this example and example 1 is only that in the early sowing and early transplanting of step (1):
wherein, in Chenzhou Guiyang (altitude 250 m), xiang tobacco No. 7 is sown for 12 months 3 days, 20 days earlier than local Yunyan 87; transplanting for 2 months and 20 days, 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 10 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 140 days and 20 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing in Yongzhou county (the altitude is 350 m) on 4 days of 12 months in Xiang tobacco No. 7; 20 days earlier than the local cloud 87; transplanting for 21 days in 2 months, 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 15 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 144 days and 20 days longer than that of local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing on Liuyang (altitude 110 m) of Changsha, hunan tobacco No. 7 for 12 months and 5 days, 20 days earlier than local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 2 months and 27 days, 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 15 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as local cloud tobacco 87, so that the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 143 days, and 20 days longer than that of local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing in Xiangxi Huayuan II (altitude 530 m) in 2 months and 1 day of Xiang tobacco No. 7, and advancing the sowing by 20 days in advance of the sowing of local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 4 months and 12 days, 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 10 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco No. 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 150 days and 20 days longer than that of the local cloud tobacco No. 87.
Sowing in Hunan Sizrock Mancun (800 m) with Hunan tobacco No. 7 of 2 months and 5 days, and 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 4 months and 16 days, 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 16 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, the growing period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 152 days, and the growing period is 20 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing in Xiangxi Longshan Daxiang Muyu lawn village (altitude 1000 m) with Xiang tobacco No. 7 of 2 months and 10 days, and 20 days earlier than local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 4 months and 18 days, 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 21 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 155 days, which is 20 days longer than that of the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing Xiangxi Longshan Daxiang body over village (altitude 1350 m) in 15 days of 2 months and 20 days earlier than the local cloud 87; transplanting for 4 months and 20 days, and is 20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87. The top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 23 days, and are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 155 days, and 20 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Example 13
The difference between this example and example 1 is only that in the early sowing and early transplanting of step (1): wherein, in Chenzhou Guiyang (altitude 250 m), xiang tobacco No. 7 is sown for 12 months 8 days, 15 days earlier than local Yunyan tobacco 87; transplanting for 2 months and 25 days, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 10 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 135 days and 15 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing in Yongzhou county (the altitude is 350 m) on 9 days of 12 months in Xiang tobacco No. 7; 15 days earlier than the local cloud 87; transplanting for 26 days in 2 months, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 15 days, and are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growing period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 139 days and 15 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing on Liuyang (altitude 110 m) of Changsha, hunan tobacco No. 7 for 12 months and 10 days, 15 days earlier than local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 3 months and 4 days, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 20 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growing period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 138 days and 15 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing in Xiangxi Huayuan II (altitude 530 m) in 6 days of 2 months of Xiang tobacco No. 7, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 4 months and 17 days, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 10 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco No. 87, the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 145 days, and the period is 15 days longer than the local cloud tobacco No. 87.
Sowing in Hunan Sizrock Mancun (800 m) with Hunan tobacco No. 7 of 2 months and 10 days, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 21 days in 4 months, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 16 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco No. 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 147 days, which is 15 days longer than that of the local cloud tobacco No. 87.
Sowing in Xiangxi Longshan Daxiang Muyu lawn village (altitude 1000 m) with Xiang tobacco No. 7 of 2 months and 15 days earlier than local cloud tobacco 87 for 15 days; transplanting for 4 months and 23 days, 15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 21 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 150 days and 15 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing Xiangxi Longshan Daxiang body over village (altitude 1350 m) with Xiang tobacco No. 7 of 2 months and 20 days earlier than local Yunyan tobacco 87 for 15 days; transplanting for 4 months and 25 days, 15 days earlier than the local cloud 87. The top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 23 days, and are picked in the same period as local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 150 days and 15 days longer than that of local cloud tobacco 87.
Example 14
The difference between this example and example 1 is only that in the early sowing and early transplanting of step (1): sowing Chenzhou Guiyang (altitude 250 m) on 13 days of 12 months of Xiang tobacco No. 7, 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 3 months and 2 days, 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 10 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 130 days and 10 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing in Yongzhou county (the altitude is 350 m) in the 12 months and 14 days of Xiang tobacco No. 7; 10 days earlier than the local cloud 87; transplanting for 3 months and 3 days, which is 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 15 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growing period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 134 days and 10 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing on Liuyang (altitude 110 m) of Changsha, hunan tobacco No. 7 in 12 months and 15 days, and 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 3 months and 9 days, 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 7 months and 20 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco No. 87, and the growing period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 133 days and 10 days longer than the local cloud tobacco No. 87.
Sowing in Xiangxi Huayuan II (altitude 530 m) in 2 months and 11 days, wherein the time is 10 days earlier than that of the local cloud 87; transplanting for 4 months and 22 days, and 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 10 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco No. 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 140 days and 10 days longer than the local cloud tobacco No. 87.
Sowing in Hunan Sizrock Mancun (800 m) with Hunan tobacco No. 7 of 2 months and 15 days, and 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 4 months and 26 days, and 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 16 days, and are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growing period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 142 days and 10 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing in Xiangxi Longshan Daxiang Muyu lawn village (altitude 1000 m) with Xiang tobacco No. 7 of 2 months and 20 days, and 10 days earlier than local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 4 months and 28 days, which is 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; the top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 21 days, and the top leaves are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, the growing period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 145 days, and the growing period is 10 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Sowing Xiangxi Longshan Daxiang body over village (altitude 1350 m) in 25 days of 2 months of Xiang tobacco No. 7, 10 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87; transplanting for 4 months and 30 days, and is 10 days earlier than the local cloud 87. The top leaves of Xiang tobacco No. 7 are picked in 9 months and 23 days, and are picked in the same period as the local cloud tobacco 87, and the growth period of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field is 145 days and 10 days longer than the local cloud tobacco 87.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the cultivated test reference variety was Yunyan 87, and conventional horizontal fertilization was used:
the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O＝1∶1∶2.8。
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the cultivated test reference variety is K326, conventional horizontal fertilization is used: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O＝1∶1∶2.8。
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 1 only in that in the step (2) of additionally applying the organic fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, the applying level is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 O=1:1:2.8; the Chenzhou Guiyang region, changsha Liuyang region, xiangxi Yongshun region described in this comparative example is paddy field.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example differs from example 1 only in that in the step (3) of controlling the plant height and the leave number, the effective leave number is 20, and the effective leave number adopts a conventional leave mode.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that in step (1) early sowing and early transplanting, sowing and transplanting are performed in accordance with the planting habit of local cloud tobacco 87 or K326.
Test sites and test designs of examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 5
(1) Setting of 2020 test point
Based on the principle of reasonable distribution of ecological areas and proper consideration of main production areas of tobacco leaves, test points are combined with new variety (line) production tests to be arranged in a flue-cured tobacco variety science and technology demonstration garden of a bearing unit (see tables 1 and 2). Representative land plots with consistent previous crops, uniform soil fertility, medium and medium fertility, leveling ground, irrigation and drainage, and non-Solanaceae crops in the last year are selected experimentally.
Table 1 list of test points for the cultivation of xiang smoke No. 7 in 2020
Table 2 source of flue-cured tobacco variety No. 7 of Xiang tobacco in 2020
(2) And (3) test design:
1. test of Hunan tobacco No. 7 at different transplanting periods
Table 3 Hunan tobacco No. 7 different transplanting period test treatment
Referring to Table 3, different transplanting period tests were conducted on Chenzhou Guiyang (altitude 250 m), yongzhou county (altitude 350 m), changsha Liuyang (altitude 110 m), xiangxi Huayuan two (altitude 530 m), xiangxi Zhang yan village (800 m), xiangxi Longshan Daxiang Muyu Ping village (altitude 1000 m), xiangxi Longshan Daxiang body village (altitude 1350 m). Each test spot was selected from 3 adjacent plots as 3 field replicates, each of 5 mu, i.e., each test spot amounted to 15 mu (3 replicates). 5 cells were set up in each repeat for 5 transplanting period treatments (Table 3), respectively, and the test varieties in the cells were planted in equal parts.
Hunan tobacco No. 7 1.2mX0.55 m; other varieties: 1.2mX0.45-0.5 m (based on the local planting habit). The topping time is unified to be 10% of that of the whole field (district), 20-22 effective leaves are reserved in Xiang tobacco No. 7, and 14-16 effective leaves are reserved in other varieties. Fertilization and other production techniques are performed as required by the local production. The tobacco leaf is marked with 'place, field repetition, treatment, variety, leaf position (lower, middle and upper) and time information'.
2. The test of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in Xiang cigarette No. 7 is 8 fertilization treatments (Table 4).
Table 4 No. 7 fertilizer test design for Xiang tobacco in 2020
Referring to Table 4, three adjacent test lands (3.5-4 mu of each test land) are selected for each test spot to carry out a field experiment, 8 treatments are simultaneously set for each test land, more than 0.5 mu of each treatment is set, and the actual transplanting number of each cell is accurately counted after transplanting is finished. The row spacing of transplanting lines is unified to be 1.2m multiplied by 0.55m, and other production technical measures are consistent with local places. The field management is carried out according to the local production standardization requirement, and each agronomic operation must be consistent in time.
3. Influence of leave number and leave mode on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco No. 7 of Hunan tobacco
Referring to table 5, a two-factor test was set, the a factor is the number of leaves, two levels of leaves are set, the A1 leaves are 18 pieces, the A2 leaves are 20 pieces, and the A3 leaves are 22 pieces; factor B is leave mode (position), two leave mode levels (positions) are set, B1 (leaves corresponding to the inflorescence and the leaves below the inflorescence are removed, the leaves corresponding to the leave number levels from top to bottom are reserved, all lower leaves are removed), B2 (leaves corresponding to the inflorescence and the leaves below the inflorescence are removed, the leaves corresponding to the leave number levels from top to bottom are reserved, and all lower leaves are removed).
Table 5 test design of leaf number and leaf mode of flue-cured tobacco No. 7
(2) Unified regulation and unified specification of investigation record items and observation record standards
1. All the test points must be strictly carried out according to the requirements of the recording Standard and the recording book.
2. The observation and record are carried out in the whole growth period, and the character expression, the advantages and the disadvantages of the variety are mastered, so that the comprehensive analysis of the test result is facilitated.
3. In each key period of the test, mainly including seedling stage, mass stage, vigorous stage, bud stage, topping stage, baking stage and baking raw tobacco, etc. digital photo or image data are left.
4. 10 plants were left after each treatment and were topped after all the central flowers were opened for observation of the field biological leaf numbers and the central flower opening period.
5. Economic trait statistics
The price is counted according to the local acquisition price by unified grading according to the national 42-grade grading standard. Uniformly and uniformly not counting the external patch. The proportion of each grade, weight, price, etc. of all raw cigarettes (including samples) not stored after baking were counted. And calculating the acre yield, average price, acre yield value, upper and middle smoke proportion, single leaf weight and the like according to the cells respectively.
(3) Sampling method
1. The sampling method comprises the following steps: each cell was tested by taking 2kg of each leaf of the upper leaf 3-5 leaves (counted from top to bottom), the middle leaf 8-12 leaves, and the lower leaf 16-18 leaves, each leaf being cured.
2. Sample treatment: sample packaging and moisture content were performed as specified by national standards (GB 2635-92). After the test sample is taken, the test sample must be sent to the south-center station in time within a set time. The "Hunan tobacco No. 7 cultivation test tobacco sample" and the sample grade and test point name are marked.
(4) Appearance quality evaluation
Appearance quality evaluation: color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content, chromaticity;
appearance quality identification of test samples is carried out at each test point.
(5) Results and analysis
1. Appearance quality comparative analysis of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
TABLE 6 appearance quality of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3
Referring to Table 6, the tobacco leaves of examples 1 to 5 were superior to comparative examples 1 to 3 in terms of appearance quality at the Guiyang test point (altitude 250 m), and were mainly represented by the tobacco leaves of examples 1 to 5 each having a gloss significantly superior to that of comparative example 1, examples 1, 2, example 4, and example 5 each having a gloss superior to that of comparative examples 2 and 3.
2. Comparative analysis of economic Properties of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
TABLE 7 economic Properties of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3
Referring to Table 7, for Guiyang test points (altitude 250 meters), examples 1-5 all had significantly better economic traits than comparative examples 1-3, with the yields, average price, output values and upper smoke ratios of example 2 being on average 71.04 kg/mu, 4.66 yuan/kg, 2874.04 yuan/mu and 8.47% higher than comparative example 1, respectively; example 2 and example 1 performed well in combination, and the yield, value, average price, and upper smoke ratio were higher than those of the other examples.
For the Liuyang test point (altitude 110 meters), the economic traits of examples 1-5 are all significantly better than those of comparative examples 1-3, wherein the average of the yields, average price, output value and upper smoke ratio of examples 1-5 are higher than those of comparative example 1 by 31.26 kg/mu, 0.71 yuan/kg, 987.08 yuan/mu and 1.92%; example 2 and example 1 performed well in combination, and the yield, value, average price, and upper smoke ratio were higher than those of the other examples.
For Yongshun test point (altitude 650 meters), the economic characters of the examples 1-5 are better than those of the comparative examples 1-3, wherein the average yield, average price, output value and upper smoke ratio of the examples 1-5 are 13.82 kg/mu, 1.56 yuan/kg, 640.19 yuan/mu and 4.04% respectively; example 1 performed better overall, with higher yields, output values, average price, and higher smoke ratios than the other examples.
In summary, the 3 test points flue-cured tobacco variety # 7 performs as expected under different fertilizer treatments, and is generally better than the control cloud tobacco 87 or K326, wherein example 2 (local conventional level +10kg cake fertilizer +10kg potassium sulfate) performs best in combination at Liuyang test points (altitude 110 meters), guiyang test points (altitude 250 meters) and Yongshun test points (altitude 650 meters); example 1 (local normal level +10kg cake fertilizer +5kg potassium sulphate) performed better.
4. Comparative analysis of raw Smoke appearance quality of examples 6 to 11 and comparative example 4
TABLE 8 raw smoke appearance quality of examples 6-11 and comparative example 4
Referring to Table 8, regarding the Guiyang test points, the appearance quality of each treated tobacco leaf was slightly better than that of the control, and the appearance quality was mainly represented by the color and oil content being better than that of comparative example 4, with no significant difference between treatments; the appearance quality of the Liuyang test point treatment and the appearance quality of the control tobacco leaves are not obviously different; the treatment of example 6 and example 7 with the permanent test points is superior to the other treatments and comparative example 4, and is mainly characterized by better oil content and color.
5. Economic character comparison analysis of examples 6 to 11 and comparative example 4
TABLE 9 economic Properties of examples 6-11 and comparative example 4
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Referring to Table 9, for Guiyang test points, the economic characteristics of examples 6-11 are significantly better than those of comparative example 4, the yield, average price, output value and upper smoke ratio are respectively 75.83 kg/mu, 4.1 yuan/kg, 2921 yuan/mu and 7.11% higher than those of the control, and the comprehensive performance is better that of examples 10 and 11, and the yield, output value, average price and upper smoke ratio are higher than those of other treatments.
For the Liuyang test points, the comprehensive economical characters of the examples 6-9 are all better than those of the comparative example 4, the yield, average price, output value and upper smoke ratio are respectively 14.83 kg/mu, 0.34 yuan/kg, 466.22 yuan/mu and 0.53% higher than those of the control, and the comprehensive performance is that the example 8 is better, and the yield, output value, average price and upper smoke ratio are all higher than those of other treatments.
For the Yongshun test point, all treatment economic characters are superior to those of comparative example 4, the yield, average price, production value and upper smoke ratio are respectively 11.26 kg/mu, 0.12 yuan/kg, 360.27 yuan/mu and 0.74% higher than those of the control, and the comprehensive performance is better that of example 6, and the yield, the production value and the average price are higher than those of other treatments.
In summary, the treatments of the 3 test points Xiang tobacco No. 7 with different leave numbers and leave modes are generally superior to those of comparative example 4, wherein the combination of the Guiyang test points is the best shown in the examples 10 and 11; the best combination of the Liuyang test points is example 8; the combination of the Yongshun test points is better performing example 6.
6. Comparative analysis of tobacco quality of examples 12 to 14 and comparative example 5
TABLE 10 appearance quality of the upper raw tobacco of examples 12 to 14 and comparative example 5
Referring to Table 10, the tobacco leaf of example 13 has better appearance quality than comparative example 5, and is mainly characterized by better chromaticity and better oil content than comparative example 5.
7. Economic character comparison analysis of examples 12 to 14 and comparative example 5
TABLE 11 economic Properties of examples 12-14 and comparative example 5
Referring to Table 11, the result shows that the growth period of the Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the field reaches about 135 days in the low-altitude tobacco region and about 145 days in the medium-high-altitude tobacco region, the economic benefit and tobacco quality performance of the Xiang tobacco No. 7 planted under the conditions of the local conventional sowing period and the transplanting period are obviously superior to those of the Xiang tobacco No. 7 and the local main variety cloud tobacco 87, and the early sowing and transplanting are beneficial to producing high-quality tobacco leaves of the Xiang tobacco No. 7 and can obtain better economic benefit. The yield and the output value of Xiang tobacco No. 7 planted under the conditions of the local conventional sowing period and the transplanting period are obviously superior to those of cloud tobacco 87, but the proportion and average price of the superior tobacco are obviously lower than those of cloud tobacco 87. The method proves that the long field growth period required by the performance of the quality character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 with better economy can not be satisfied under the conditions of a local conventional sowing period and a transplanting period.
In Chenzhou Guiyang, yongzhou county production area: the yield of example 12 (Guiyang: 12 month 3 day sowing, 2 month 20 day transplanting; county: 12 month 4 day sowing, 2 month 21 day transplanting) was slightly reduced, but the average price, mu yield and upper smoke ratio were the highest, and the comprehensive performance was the best; example 13 (Guiyang: 12 month 8 day sowing, 2 month 25 day transplanting, county: 12 month 9 day sowing, 2 month 26 day transplanting), example 14 (Guiyang: 12 month 13 day sowing, 3 month 2 day transplanting, county: 12 month 14 day sowing, 3 month 3 day transplanting) was slightly further. The result shows that the suitable sowing time of Xiang cigarette No. 7 in the south of Hunan (Chen Guiyang, yongzhou county) is about 12 months No. 1-12 months No. 15, and the suitable transplanting time is about 2 months No. 20-3 months No. 5.
In the long sand Liuyang producing area: the yield of example 13 (12 months 10 days sowing, 3 months 4 days transplanting) is slightly reduced, but the average price, mu yield value and the proportion of the cigarettes are the highest, and the comprehensive performance is the best; example 14 (12 month 15 day sowing, 3 month 9 day transplanting) was slightly repeated, and example 13 (12 month 5 day sowing, 2 month 27 day transplanting) was slightly repeated. The result shows that the suitable sowing time of Xiang tobacco No. 7 in Hunan province (Changsha) is about 12 months No. 5-12 months No. 15, the suitable transplanting time is about 3 months No. 1-3 months No. 10, and the sowing and transplanting time is 5-10 days later than that of Xiang nan province.
In the western-style production area: the yield of the four different elevation producing areas is slightly reduced in example 12 (Huayuan channel II: 2 month 1 day sowing, 4 month 12 day transplanting, longshan mountain village mann village: 2 month 5 day sowing, 4 month 16 day transplanting, longshan Daxiang wooden fish lawn village: 2 month 15 day sowing, 4 month 23 day transplanting, longshan Daxiang body village: 2 month 15 day sowing, 4 month 20 day transplanting), but the average price, mu yield and the upper smoke proportion are the highest, and the comprehensive performance is the best; example 13 slightly inferior (Huayuan road two: 2 months 6 days sowing, 4 months 17 days transplanting, longshan mountain country mann village: 2 months 10 days sowing, 4 months 21 days transplanting, longshan mountain country carpy lawn: 2 months 15 days sowing, 4 months 23 days transplanting, longshan country turning over village: 2 months 20 days sowing, 4 months 25 days transplanting), example 14 slightly inferior (Huayuan road two: 2 months 11 days sowing, 4 months 22 days transplanting, longshan mountain country mann village: 2 months 15 days sowing, 4 months 26 days transplanting, longshan country carpy lawn: 2 months 20 days sowing, 4 months 28 days transplanting, longshan country turning over village: 2 months 25 days sowing, 4 months 30 days transplanting). The result shows that the suitable sowing time of the Xiang tobacco No. 7 in the Xiang western altitude of about 500m (Hua Yuan dao II) is about 2 months No. 1-2 months No. 10, and the suitable transplanting time is about 4 months No. 10-4 months No. 25; the suitable sowing time of the tobacco zone (Longshan rock village manna village) with the altitude of about 800m is 2 months 5-2 months 15, and the suitable transplanting time is 4 months 15-4 months 25; the suitable sowing time of the smoke area (Longshan rock village, man village and Daan village) with the altitude of more than 1000m is 2 months 10-2 months 25, and the suitable transplanting time is 4 months 15-4 months 30.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method for improving quality and/or economical character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Early sowing and early transplanting: the sowing time of the flue-cured tobacco variety Xiang tobacco No. 7 is as follows: 12 months 1-12 months 15 days in the area with the altitude less than 500m, 31 months 1-1 month 10 days in the area with the altitude of 500-800m, and 1 month 1-2 months 15 days in the area with the altitude greater than 800 m; the transplanting period is as follows: the altitude is less than 2 months 20-3 months 10 days in 500m area, the altitude is 500-800m area is 4 months 10-4 months 20 days, the altitude is more than 800m area is 4 months 21-5 months 10 days;
(2) Applying cake fertilizer and potash fertilizer: in the fertilizer application, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N:P 2 O 5 ∶K 2 On the basis of O=1:1:2.5-2.8, 10 kg/mu of biologically fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer with N+P+K more than or equal to 8% is applied, 10kg or 5kg of potassium sulfate/mu is applied;
(3) Control plant height and leave number: topping the tobacco plants before the buds of the tobacco plants appear to the central flowers, wherein the topping plant height is controlled to be 110-130cm; the number of the effective leaves is 18-22; the leaf retaining mode of the effective leaf retaining number is to cut off the inflorescences and 1-3 tobacco leaves below the inflorescences, retain the leaf numbers corresponding to the leaf retaining numbers from top to bottom, and remove all the rest lower leaves.
2. The cultivation method for improving the quality and/or economic character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 leaf tobacco according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sowing time is as follows: the Hunan tobacco No. 7 is sown for 15-20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude less than 500m, the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude of 500-800m is sown for 10-15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326, and the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude more than 800m is sown for 10-12 days earlier.
3. The cultivation method for improving the quality and/or economic character of the tobacco leaves No. 7 of xiang tobacco according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (1), the transplanting period is: the Hunan tobacco No. 7 is transplanted 15-20 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude less than 500m, the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude 500-800m is transplanted 12-15 days earlier than the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326, and the local cloud tobacco 87 or K326 in the area with the altitude more than 800m is transplanted 10-12 days earlier.
4. The cultivation method for improving the quality and/or economic character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the planting density of the transplanting is 1000-1100 plants transplanted per mu, and the plant row spacing is 0.50-0.55mx1.2 m.
5. The cultivation method for improving the quality and the economic character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the cultivation is carried out after topping and leaving leaves, and the ridge height is more than 35cm.
6. The cultivation method for improving the quality and/or economic character of Hunan tobacco No. 7 tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the transplanting is deep planting with a depth of 10-15cm and is completed in 2-3 days.
7. Use of a cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-6 for improving the quality and/or economic traits of tobacco leaves No. 7 of xiang tobacco in the production of tobacco leaves No. 7 of xiang tobacco.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105191649A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Method for optimizing quality of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN110352823A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-22 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | A kind of implantation methods of new flue-cured tobacco varieties |
| CN110771470A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-02-11 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | High-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method |
| CN112438172A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Cultivation method of high-quality medium-sized tobacco |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105191649A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Method for optimizing quality of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN110352823A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-22 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | A kind of implantation methods of new flue-cured tobacco varieties |
| CN110771470A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-02-11 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | High-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method |
| CN112438172A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-05 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Cultivation method of high-quality medium-sized tobacco |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 施氮量与留叶数调控对高海拔烟区烤烟烟叶结构、产量及品质的影响;刘碧荣;祖朝龙;马均;程昌合;王勇;解莹莹;张林;沈嘉;邓小波;;烟草科技(第04期);第25-30页 * |
| 烤烟新品种在湖南烟区的生态适应性及配套施肥技术研究;谢会雅;罗真华;黄湘民;赵松义;;湖南农业科学(第22期);第11-14页 * |
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