CN109601277A - A kind of highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating method of ramie - Google Patents
A kind of highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating method of ramie Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601277A CN109601277A CN201910085076.1A CN201910085076A CN109601277A CN 109601277 A CN109601277 A CN 109601277A CN 201910085076 A CN201910085076 A CN 201910085076A CN 109601277 A CN109601277 A CN 109601277A
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- ramie
- sunshade net
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- sowing
- face
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating methods of ramie.Field selection is broadcast live in S1 ramie；S2 opens compartment and fertilising: selection fine day, machinery are ploughed deeply, and organic fertilizer is added, and plough deeply herbicide spraying after solarization soil, rotary tillage, ridging, and compartment face longitudal section is in isosceles trapezoid；S3 seed dressing and sowing: No. 4 ramie seeds of magnificent ramie newly harvested using the previous year remove impurity, and thickness of sowing is 50,000 plants/acre；After S4 has been sowed, covered using double-layered sunshade net；S5 seedling management；S6 middle term management: Raime seedlings it is long to 4 true leaves when sunshade net propped up with the bamboo chip of 25-35cm, take sunshade net off in the afternoon after one week, before 7 points of next day, then covers double-layered sunshade net, repeatedly, experienced seedling the 4th, threw off sunshade net after three days.The present invention be conducive to it is mechanical cut solarization-machinery inspection pick up-mechanical round bale-machinery wraps up in the mechanical preliminary working green degumming production model development of packet-ensiling degumming-cauline leaf separation-drying-scutching, time and labour saving, sunshade net can also reuse.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop Direct Hole Sowing fields, specifically, being a kind of highly dense dwarfing direct sowing culture side of ramie
Method.
Background technique
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea It L.) is the perennial bast fiber crop of Urticaceae Section of Genus Boehmeria.Ramee is thin
Length, quality is light, moisture absorption dissipates moist is fast, has good spinning property, pure can both spin, can also be with cotton, hair, silk and variousization
Fiber blend is learned, is excellent textile raw material.China is the producing country and exporting country of ramie, and cultivated area and raw material output account for generation
90% or more boundary.
Ramie breeding includes vegetative propagation (vegetative reproduction) and sexual propagation (seminal propagation).Under normal circumstances, ramie
The mode of vegetative propagation is taken to carry out culturing and transplanting seedlings, general 2200-2500 plants/acre of Transplanting Density.The shortcomings that vegetative propagation is ramie
Numb seedling transports slow inconvenience, transportation cost height, vegetative reproduction speed, the easy to carry germ of underground stem breeding or pest ovum.So
And the advantage of sexual propagation is that convenient transportation, transportation cost are low, does not carry germ or pest ovum.Since ramie is high thick stalk
Crop, height is generally in 1.5-3m, and stem thickness 0.6-1.5cm, ramie height is irregular, harvests large labor intensity, mechanization water
The problems such as environment is polluted in flat not high, degumming seriously hinders the development of ramie industry.It thus needs to explore a kind of ramie highly dense short
Change direct-sowing cultivating method, suitable for machinery cut solarization-machinery inspection pick up-mechanical round bale-machinery wraps up in packet-ensiling degumming-cauline leaf separation-and does
The mechanical preliminary working green degumming production model of dry-scutching.
Summary of the invention
The present invention harvests large labor intensity for existing traditional ramie cultural method, and ramie height is irregular, high thick stem
The problem of stalk is unfavorable for mechanized operation, and ramie direct-sowing cultivating method can not also be applied in production at present, provides one kind
The highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating method of ramie increases ramie planting density, limits ramie plant height, reduces Ramie Stalk rugosity,
Conducive to mechanical harvest.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention uses following technical measures:
A kind of highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating method of ramie, step is:
Field selection is broadcast live in S1 ramie:
Select to drain and irrigate it is convenient and do not planted in two years ramie, soil for cement to sand loam plot；
S2 opens compartment and fertilising:
Fine day is selected, machinery is ploughed deeply, and organic fertilizer is added, and ploughs deeply the herbicide that broad spectrum activity is sprayed after shining soil, rotary tillage, ridging, rotary tillage
Depth 25-35cm, the high 20-30cm in ridge, the wide 1.25-1.55m in compartment, the long 7m in compartment, compartment furrow width 0.35-0.55m, ditch depth 25-35cm, compartment
Face longitudal section is in isosceles trapezoid, and the residual leaf of compartment face deadwood, weeds and rubble are cleaned out, and the leveling of compartment face reaches loose under the face of compartment, compartment
Consolidation on face；
S3 seed dressing and sowing:
No. 4 ramie seeds of magnificent ramie newly harvested using the previous year remove impurity, and thickness of sowing is 50,000 plants/acre, carry out before sowing
Seed dressing is selected in calm weather, and after seed dressing, uniform broadcasting sufficiently waters compartment face in compartment face, watering；
The covering of S4 double-layered sunshade net:
After having sowed, light transmittance is used to cover for 75% double-layered sunshade net, sunshade net periphery is compacted with soil block compression；
S5 seedling management:
The ramie seedbed of double-layered sunshade net covering, when compartment face is whitened, waters compartment face with watering pot；
S6 middle term management:
The ramie seedbed of double-layered sunshade net covering, Raime seedlings it is long to 4 true leaves when sunshade net propped up with the bamboo chip of 25-35cm,
Take sunshade net off in the afternoon after one week, before 7 points of next day, then covers double-layered sunshade net, repeatedly, practices seedling after three days, and the 4th
Day, throw off sunshade net.
The planting density is 50,000/mu, and the ramie application rate in every compartment is determined according to weight and germination percentage.
The ramie seed seed dressing uses weight proportion for plant ash: boon bits: soil: ramie seed=2:3:10:2.
The boon bits are that bluish dogbane boon is considered to be worth doing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and effect:
(1) this method increases ramie planting density, limits ramie plant height, reduces Ramie Stalk rugosity, is conducive to mechanical harvest.
Avoid the problem of ramie is unfavorable for mechanical harvest because high thick stalk, plant height are irregular etc..
(2) this method is easy to operate, time and labour saving, is covered using double-layered sunshade net, natural precipitation is made full use of, to ramie
Seedling stage heat and moisture preserving plays good result, and sunshade net can also reuse.
(3) this method be suitable for machinery cut solarization-machinery inspection pick up-mechanical round bale-machinery wraps up in packet-ensiling degumming-cauline leaf separation-and does
The mechanical preliminary working green degumming production model of dry-scutching.
(4) this method avoids culturing and transplanting seedlings in vegetative manner and transports not compared with traditional ramie cultivation technique
The problems such as convenient, at high cost, easy to carry germ of underground stem breeding or pest ovum.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of highly dense plantation schematic diagram for downgrading direct-sowing cultivating method of ramie.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1,2018 are broadcast live on the sun ramie proving ground of inhabitants in Xiaoshan Pu using the highly dense dwarfing of ramie
Cultural method sowing.Density is set as 30,000/mu, 50,000/mu and 80,000/mu, covering methods be rice straw mulching, Small plastic shed covering and
The covering of double-layered sunshade net.Sowing date is 11 days 03 month, and investigating the date for the first time is 08 day 06 month, and every cell selects at 3 points, often
Some areas are 33cm*33cm=0.1099m2, every plot area: 1.3m*7m=9.1m2；Second of investigation date is 08 month 21
Day, third time investigates the date as November 09.
A kind of highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating method of ramie, the steps include:
(1) ramie live streaming field selection: the soil is porous, soil fertility is medium for selection, draining and irrigate convenient, the residual leaf of deadwood and
Weeds it is few and do not planted in two years ramie, soil be cement to the plot of sand loam.
(2) compartment and fertilising are opened: selecting some fine day of late December, machinery is ploughed deeply, and appropriate organic fertilizer (Shandong hundred million is added
The production of the biotech inc Feng Yuan), generally per acre 20-30 kilograms of Rate of Organic Fertilizer, wide spectrum is squirted after ploughing deeply solarization soil
Property herbicide (haloxyfop-r-methyl, agriculture chemical registration card number: PD20081980, pesticide producing approval documents number: HNP
32279-C2926, product standard number: Q/3201 FLAG 007-2016).Rotary tillage, ridging, rotary tillage depth 25-35cm, ridge are high
20-30cm.The wide 1.25-1.55m in compartment, the long 7m in compartment, compartment furrow width 0.35-0.55m, ditch depth 25-35cm, compartment face longitudal section is in isosceles ladder
Shape.15-25cm is respectively stayed at both ends end to end in compartment face, and compartment face the right and left respectively stays 10-15cm, field is facilitated to investigate.The residual leaf of compartment face deadwood,
Weeds and rubble are cleaned out, and the leveling of compartment face reaches loose under the face of compartment, consolidation on the face of compartment.
(3) dress seed and sow: No. 4 ramie seeds of magnificent ramie newly harvested using the previous year are removed impurity, are done using weight method
Germination test determines that the every compartment application rate in field, thickness of sowing are 50,000/mu.Since ramie mass of 1000 kernel is generally 0.059-
0.110g needs to dress seed before sowing, uses weight proportion for plant ash (without weed seed): boon bits: soil: ramie seed
(removal impurity)=2:3:10:2.Selection is in calm weather, and after seed dressing, uniform broadcasting sufficiently waters compartment in compartment face, with watering pot
Face.
(4) straw, Small plastic shed and double-layered sunshade net covering: rice straw mulching measure be after having sowed, it is broken using 10-15cm
Straw uniform fold is advisable with can't see ground；Small plastic shed covering methods are to make arched shed support using bamboo chip after having sowed,
Arched shed height 45-55cm is advisable, between bamboo chip between be divided into 1.15-1.35m, then cladding thickness be 1.0-1.5mm white
Transparent membrane, film surrounding tense, periphery sealing compact with soil；Double-layered sunshade net covering methods are after having sowed, using saturating
The double-layered sunshade net covering that light rate is about 75%, sunshade net periphery is compacted with soil block compression.
(5) seedling management: after emergence, the ramie seedbed in the ramie seedbed of rice straw mulching and the covering of double-layered sunshade net, compartment face
When whitening, compartment face is watered with watering pot；The ramie seedbed of Small plastic shed covering is punched at the top of arched shed when compartment face is whitened, sprayer
It enters deeply into the pores and waters compartment face, when the temperature is excessively high, morning and evening Small plastic shed both ends will raise aeration-cooling.
(6) middle term management: the ramie seedbed of rice straw mulching, Raime seedlings it is long to 2 true leaves when, remove 1/3 straw, after
Phase pays attention to moisturizing；The ramie seedbed of double-layered sunshade net covering, Raime seedlings it is long to 4 true leaves when sunshade net with the bamboo of 25-35cm
Piece is propped up, a Zhou Yihou, takes sunshade net afternoon off, before 7 points of next day, then covers double-layered sunshade net, repeatedly, practices Miao Santian
Afterwards, the 4th day, sunshade net is thrown off；The ramie seedbed of Small plastic shed covering is punched using at the top of arched shed when the temperature is excessively high, ramie children
Ventilation is opened at Small plastic shed both ends when 4 true leaves of Miao Changzhi, and 7 points of preceding both ends of next day close again to be come, and one week later afternoon took off whole
A Small plastic shed film, entire Small plastic shed film closes again before 7 points of next day comes, and repeatedly, practices seedling after three days, the 4th, throws off
Entire Small plastic shed film.
(7) biological character is investigated: being investigated ramie under three density of statistics and three kinds of different covering methods for the first time and is emerged
Number.Every cell selects at 3 points, and every bit area is 33cm*33cm=0.1099m2.Second, third time investigates having for statistics cell
Imitate strain number, plant height, stem thickness and cell overground part fresh weight.
The influence that I difference thickness of sowing emerges to ramie:
As shown in table 1,30,000/mu, 50,000/mu and 80,000/mu are set, and each cell investigates 3 points, and each plot area is 1.3m*
7m=9.1m2, every bit area is 33cm*33cm=0.1099m2.As shown in Table 1, thickness of sowing is 50,000/mu, and ramie is broadcast live out
Seedling number highest.Ramie thickness of sowing is too high, due to fighting for soil nutrient and moisture, the seedling being in a disadvantageous position between Raime seedlings individual
It can die, therefore in a certain range, number of emerging increases with the increase of thickness of sowing, and after reaching proper density, number of emerging is reduced.
The influence that the different thicknesss of sowing of table 1 emerge to ramie
| Thickness of sowing (ten thousand/mu) | Number of emerging (ten thousand plants/acre) |
| 3 | 18.19±1.13 c |
| 5 | 24.72±1.06 a |
| 8 | 21.19±0.66 b |
The influence that II difference covering methods emerge to ramie:
As shown in table 2, three kinds of straw, Small plastic shed and double-layered sunshade net covering methods are set, and each cell investigates 3 points, each
Plot area is 1.3m*7m=9.1m2, every bit area is 33cm*33cm=0.1099m2.As shown in Table 2, double-layered sunshade net covers
Lid handles lower ramie number of emerging highest, and sunshade net can also reuse.Number of emerging is minimum under Small plastic shed covering methods, and
At high cost, recruitment is more.
The different covering methods of table 2 handle the influence emerged to ramie
| Different covering methods | Number of emerging (ten thousand plants/acre) |
| Rice straw mulching | 32.0±2.24 b |
| The covering of double-layered sunshade net | 38.9±1.86 a |
| Small plastic shed covering | 18.3±0.91 c |
III is for the second time and third time investigates different thicknesss of sowing to the effective strain number of ramie, plant height, stem thickness and overground part fresh weight
It influences:
30,000/mu is set, and three repetitions, each cell face is arranged in 50,000/mu and three kinds of 80,000/mu different thicknesss of sowing, each density
Product is 1.3m*7m=9.1m2, carry out the effective strain number of full cell, plant height, stem thickness and overground part fresh weight and count and analyzed.By table
3, table 4 is it is found that ramie plant height is greatly lowered in the cultural method traditional relative to ramie, highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating method
Degree reduces Ramie Stalk rugosity, is conducive to mechanical harvest.By table 3,4 it is found that thickness of sowing is 50,000/mu, the effective strain number of ramie is most
High and cell overground part fresh weight highest exists significant relative to other effective strain numbers of two kinds of thicknesss of sowing and cell overground part fresh weight
Sex differernce reaches high and stable yields by highly dense dwarfing live broadcasting method.
Influence of the different thicknesss of sowing of second of table 3 investigation to ramie effective strain number, plant height, stem thickness and overground part fresh weight
| Thickness of sowing (ten thousand/mu) | Strain number | Plant height (cm) | Stem thickness (mm) | The fresh biological yield of cell (kg) |
| 3 | 552±21 b | 80.35±4.31 c | 5.53±0.19 c | 14.834±0.99 b |
| 5 | 889±49 a | 89.90±3.26 b | 6.67±0.23 a | 17.661±1.03 a |
| 8 | 207±18 c | 90.85±4.89 a | 6.15±0.11 b | 10.897±0.87 c |
Table 4 investigates influence of the different thicknesss of sowing to ramie effective strain number, plant height, stem thickness and overground part fresh weight for the third time
| Thickness of sowing (ten thousand/mu) | Strain number | Plant height (cm) | Stem thickness (mm) | The fresh biological yield of cell (kg) |
| 3 | 464±2 b | 104.00±3.73 c | 6.67±0.21 c | 8.67± 0.53 c |
| 5 | 469±3 a | 117.70±2.88 b | 7.58±0.33 b | 12.33±0.61 a |
| 8 | 370±1 c | 119.80±4.95 a | 8.08±0.19 a | 11.66± 0.86 b |
Claims (4)
1. a kind of highly dense dwarfing direct-sowing cultivating method of ramie, which is characterized in that step is:
Field selection is broadcast live in S1 ramie:
Select to drain and irrigate it is convenient and do not planted in two years ramie, soil for cement to sand loam plot；
S2 opens compartment and fertilising:
Fine day is selected, machinery is ploughed deeply, and organic fertilizer is added, and ploughs deeply the herbicide that broad spectrum activity is sprayed after shining soil, rotary tillage, ridging, rotary tillage
Depth 25-35cm, the high 20-30cm in ridge, the wide 1.25-1.55m in compartment, the long 7m in compartment, compartment furrow width 0.35-0.55m, ditch depth 25-35cm, compartment
Face longitudal section is in isosceles trapezoid, and the residual leaf of compartment face deadwood, weeds and rubble are cleaned out, and the leveling of compartment face reaches loose under the face of compartment, compartment
Consolidation on face；
S3 seed dressing and sowing:
No. 4 ramie seeds of magnificent ramie newly harvested using the previous year remove impurity, and thickness of sowing is 50,000 plants/acre, carry out before sowing
Seed dressing is selected in calm weather, and after seed dressing, uniform broadcasting sufficiently waters compartment face in compartment face, watering；
The covering of S4 double-layered sunshade net:
After having sowed, light transmittance is used to cover for 75% double-layered sunshade net, sunshade net periphery is compacted with soil block compression；
S5 seedling management:
The ramie seedbed of double-layered sunshade net covering, when compartment face is whitened, waters compartment face with watering pot；
S6 middle term management:
The ramie seedbed of double-layered sunshade net covering, Raime seedlings it is long to 4 true leaves when sunshade net propped up with the bamboo chip of 25-35cm,
Take sunshade net off in the afternoon after one week, before 7 points of next day, then covers double-layered sunshade net, repeatedly, practices seedling after three days, and the 4th
Day, throw off sunshade net.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the planting density is 50,000/mu, according to weight and germination percentage
Determine the ramie application rate in every compartment.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ramie seed seed dressing uses weight proportion for vegetation
Ash: boon bits: soil: ramie seed=2:3:10:2.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the boon bits are that bluish dogbane boon is considered to be worth doing.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110326495A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie planting and harvesting method |
| CN110547149A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-10 | 达州市农业科学研究院 | Method for shallow earthing seedling of hybrid ramie seed plug |
| CN111279993A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-16 | 十堰市农业科学院(十堰市农业科学技术研究推广中心、丹江口库区十堰生态农业研究院) | Seed seedling raising method for ramie for feed |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110326495A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie planting and harvesting method |
| CN110326495B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-08-24 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Ramie planting and harvesting method |
| CN110547149A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-10 | 达州市农业科学研究院 | Method for shallow earthing seedling of hybrid ramie seed plug |
| CN111279993A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-16 | 十堰市农业科学院(十堰市农业科学技术研究推广中心、丹江口库区十堰生态农业研究院) | Seed seedling raising method for ramie for feed |
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| CN109601277B (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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