CN103548514A - Selective breeding method of Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome high-altitude cultivated species - Google Patents
Selective breeding method of Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome high-altitude cultivated species Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a selective breeding method of Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome high-altitude cultivated species, which comprises the steps of: adopting different types of Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome for domesticated planting, selecting germ plasm mateials which are good in adaptability to altitude and phenological period, relatively good in rootstock growth amount, relatively high in vegetative propagation capability and relatively good in plant characteristics as provenance for breeding, and further sieving and culturing cultivated species with relatively steady genes. The selective breeding method of Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome high-altitude cultivated species not only improves purity and adaptability of high-altitude cultivated species, but also improves yield and adds economic income; compared with other provenances, the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome high-altitude cultivated species have relatively good generalization and planting foreground.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the selection of the high height above sea level cultivated species of a kind of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis.
Background technology
Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis (Paris polyphylla var.yunnansis (Fr.) Hand.-Muzz) is that Liliaceae belongs to many raw herbaceous plant, mainly be distributed in the ground such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Sichuan, Paris has 24 kinds, major part portion can be medicinal, but the medicinal kind of certified products of income NF only has Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis and magnificent Paris polyphylla.Since history, people maintain by wild resource the utilization of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis always, and due to excavating of long-term excessive predation formula, wild resource sharply reduces, wild resource can not meet the demand in market far away, and artificial planting becomes the inevitable choice that solves Paris polyphylla scarcity of resources.
In recent years, the some areas in Yunnan, Sichuan etc. have all started cultivation and introduction and acclimatization, but the kind of various places cultivation is more, germplasm is chaotic, common are polygerm Paris polyphylla, Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis, horse yellow Paris polyphylla, paris polyphylla, black seed Paris polyphylla, gross weight building, spends Paris polyphylla etc. in vain, and different kinds has different output and the adaptability of Different Altitude, Different Provenances is emerged uneven because of height above sea level relation, owing to having precocious and late-maturing relation, be difficult to management again, seriously restrict output and the adaptability of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve current Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis cultivar origin chaotic, can not guaranteed problem in high height above sea level varieties of plant and output, the selection of the high height above sea level cultivated species of a kind of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis is provided, utilize Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis different geographical, Different Altitude provenance genetic diversity, the elite germplasm that selection indicators is good, cultivate into the cultivated species of the stable adaptation to high altitude plantation of gene and expression power, make Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis at high height above sea level and two upper level popularizing plantings, improve output, promote Increase Income of Peasant Households.
The present invention is achieved in that
A selection for the high height above sea level cultivated species of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis, adopts different Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis geographical and height above sea level to tame plantation, by following condition, selects germplasm materials:
Adapting to height above sea level is 2700 meters-3000 meters;
Phenophase index is: seeding stage late March, and the late October of falling seedling stage, 210-230 days breeding times, in 4-May of florescence, fruit 5-September of phase, than precocious 20 days of other material;
Rhizome year increment index is: rhizome is sturdy, and fibrous root is flourishing, and it is 2 times of other Paris polyphylla that rhizome year increment is 30 grams;
Asexual multiplication ability index is: the 4 years above plant that grow have higher asexual multiplication ability, form polygerm intergrowth, and a year newly-increased bud right side has 3-6 pieces, is 1.5 times of other provenance;
Plant morphological characteristics index is: 30-90 centimetres of plant heights, and 9-12, blade, long 14-15 centimetres of leaf, leaf is wide 4-7 centimetres, flower is yellow, surperficial brownish red, fruit ellipse, in fruit, seed is red, and single fruit seed weight reaches 20 grams, plants 5 years above individual plant stem tubers and reaches 200-1000 grams;
The germplasm materials of selecting is bred as provenance, and further screening, cultivates cultivated species.
Described further screening criteria is: selected individual plant is selected to garden plantation, later 2 years Observe and measure index characters, will not meet the plant roguing of index character requirement, until proterties is stable, occur, uniformity reaches 90%, then sets up original seed farm and expands and breed.
Described selecting carried out original seed after cultivated species and adopted son breeding, and its step is as follows:
1. seedbed
At height above sea level 2700-3000 rice, select that high-land, draining are good, soil property is to be rich in organic matter, to cover that sun is good, sylvan life vacant lot or the hillside fields of light transmittance 20%, the shading screen of density 85% will be taken in nonirrigated farmland, selects fine day, when field is dry, turn over 20 centimetres, soil block is pulverized, and pick up de-stone head and weeds, smooth bedding, 100 centimetres of furrow face widths, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, ditch is wanted the unobstructed draining that is beneficial to;
2. choose seeds and seed treatment
Select full maturation, disease-free, the dry granular that goes mouldy and damage is heavily the Paris polyphylla seed of 40-70 grams, and it is mixed with 2:1 weight ratio with clean fine sand, and rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and soak seed 1 hour with the golden bacterium spirit of 500 times, imbed in damp sand, process 4 months for 20 ℃, Deng Paris polyphylla seed take root after sowing, to note during this period moisturizing;
3. seeding and seedling raising
The seed that previous step was processed adopts program request or drilling or broadcasts sowing and sow, be sown in the soil layer that humus soil that weight ratio is 2:1 and fine earth mix, require to cover the soil layer of 1.5-2 centimetres on seed, on soil layer, lid layer grass in small, broken bits or pine tag, to keep moisture content, are so beneficial to seedling and are unearthed again, are conducive to leaf shelling and guarantee emergence rate, to keep seedbed humidity during this period, the environment covering: avoid hardening of soil, at dry and excessive sunshine, emerge for 3-4 months;
4. transplant
Seed, in the transplanting afterwards in 3 years of emerging, is pressed 20 * 20 centimetres of plantations of seeding row spacing, after transplanting, covers broken grass or humus soil moisturizing; keep shade environment, in the winter time, terrestrial stem falls after seedling transplanting time; during rhizome dormancy, in transplanting process, note protection terminal bud and fibrous root is unaffected and damage.
The present invention utilizes the Paris polyphylla kind of the different geographical provenances of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis, at height above sea level 2700-3000 rice, tame plantation, by preliminary selected shape with grow fine, and the germplasm materials that the florescence is the same, further screening cultivated the more stable cultivated species of gene.This cultivated species is emerged early, than other Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis, within Zao 30 days, emerge, seed maturity Zao 20 days than other Paris polyphylla, growth rate is very fast, vegetative propagation coefficient is higher, 3600 jin, a traditional unit of weight of general per mu yield fresh goods, per mu yield is 0.5 times of other material, is applicable to the field planting of 2700 meters of-3000 meters of scopes of height above sea level.The present invention has not only improved purity and the adaptability of high height above sea level cultivated species, has improved output simultaneously, increases income, than other provenance, has compared good popularization and plantation prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
The selection that No. 1, the red bar of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis:
1, high-quality provenance screening
15 kinds of different Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis kinds geographical and height above sea level are concentrated in the base that is planted in 2700 meters of height above sea level and tamed, from central, tentatively select one and grow fine, output is planted source material preferably: screening criteria is mainly investigated adaptation height above sea level, phenophase, root growth amount and asexual multiplication ability.
(1) adapt to height above sea level: the height above sea level that requires Adaptable growth is 2700 meters-3000 meters.
(2) phenophase: seeding stage late March, the late October of falling seedling stage, about 220 days breeding times, in 4-May of florescence, fruit 5-September of phase, than precocious 20 days of other material.
(3) rhizome year increment, rhizome is sturdy, and fibrous root is flourishing, and it is 2 times of other Paris polyphylla that rhizome year increment is 30 grams.
(4) asexual multiplication ability: the 4 years above plant asexual multiplication abilities of growing are higher, form polygerm intergrowth, and a year newly-increased bud right side has 3-6 pieces, is 1.5 times of other provenance, and other provenance difference is obvious.
(5) plant morphological characteristics: 30-90 centimetres of plant heights, 9-12, blade, long 14-15 centimetres of leaf, leaf is wide 4-7 centimetres, and flower is yellow, surperficial brownish red, fruit ellipse, seed be red in fruit, can reach at most 82, and single fruit seed weight reaches 20 grams (fresh) and plants 5 years individual plant stem tubers above and reach 200-1000 grams of left and right.
2, cultivated species seed selection
Adopt Different Provenances, the kind of different geography and height above sea level, guides to 2700 meters of high height above sea level and carries out acclimatization culture, and in base, mixed planting, after 3 years, is selected stable gene well-grown, well developed root system, and output is higher, and emergence rate Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis is early done provenance and is bred.
Its standard is: the strong health of plant strain growth gesture, and plant type is compact, and surface is brownish red, 30-90 centimetres of plant height plant heights, 9-12, blade, long 14-15 centimetres of leaf, leaf is wide 4-7 centimetres, the color of blooming, for yellow, is selected garden plantation, later 2 years Observe and measure index characters by selected individual plant, the plant roguing of character requirement will do not met, until proterties is stable, occur, uniformity reaches 90%, then sets up original seed farm and expands and breed.
Finally carry out original seed and adopt son breeding:
1. seedbed
Seed breeding, at height above sea level 2700-3000 rice, selects physical features higher, and draining is good, soil property, for being rich in organic matter, is covered sun better sylvan life vacant lot or the hillside fields of (light transmittance 20%), and the shading screen of density 85% will be taken in nonirrigated farmland, select fine day, when field is more dry, turn over 20 centimetres, soil block is pulverized, and pick up de-stone head and weeds, smooth bedding, 100 centimetres of furrow face widths, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, ditch is wanted the unobstructed draining that is beneficial to.
2. choose seeds and seed treatment
Select full maturation, disease-free, go mouldy and the dry granular that damages is heavily that the Paris polyphylla seed of 40-70 grams mixes with clean fine sand it with 2:1, rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and soak seed 1 hour with the golden bacterium spirit of 500 times, imbed in damp sand, process after 4 months for 20 ℃, Deng Paris polyphylla seed take root after sowing, this method is effectively broken the resting stage of Paris polyphylla, carries and emerging the previous year, will note moisturizing during this period.
3. seeding and seedling raising
The seed of processing can carry out program request and drilling, also can broadcast sowing.Be sown in humus soil and fine earth (2:1), on seed, will cover 1.5-2 cm layer of soil, then lid layer grass in small, broken bits or pine tag are with water conservation part, are so beneficial to seedling and are unearthed, be conducive to leaf shelling and guarantee emergence rate.To keep seedbed humidity during this period, the environment of concealment: avoid hardening of soil, at dry and excessive sunshine, within general 3-4 months, emerge.
4. transplant
Seed seedling is in the transplanting afterwards in 3 years of emerging, and 20 * 20 centimetres of plantations of seeding row spacing, cover broken grass or humus soil moisturizing after transplanting; keep shade environment, transplanting time should be in the winter time, and terrestrial stem falls after seedling; during rhizome dormancy, in transplanting process, note protection terminal bud and fibrous root is unaffected and damage.
Claims (3)
1. a selection for the high height above sea level cultivated species of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis, is characterized in that, adopts different Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis geographical and height above sea level to tame plantation, by following condition, selects germplasm materials:
Adapting to height above sea level is 2700 meters-3000 meters;
Phenophase index is: seeding stage late March, and the late October of falling seedling stage, 210-230 days breeding times, in 4-May of florescence, fruit 5-September of phase, than precocious 20 days of other material;
Rhizome year increment index is: rhizome is sturdy, and fibrous root is flourishing, and it is 2 times of other Paris polyphylla that rhizome year increment is 30 grams;
Asexual multiplication ability index is: the 4 years above plant that grow have higher asexual multiplication ability, form polygerm intergrowth, and a year newly-increased bud right side has 3-6 pieces, is 1.5 times of other provenance;
Plant morphological characteristics index is: 30-90 centimetres of plant heights, and 9-12, blade, long 14-15 centimetres of leaf, leaf is wide 4-7 centimetres, flower is yellow, surperficial brownish red, fruit ellipse, in fruit, seed is red, and single fruit seed weight reaches 20 grams, plants 5 years above individual plant stem tubers and reaches 200-1000 grams;
The germplasm materials of selecting is bred as provenance, and further screening, cultivates cultivated species.
2. the selection of the high height above sea level cultivated species of a kind of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described further screening criteria is: selected individual plant is selected to garden plantation, later 2 years Observe and measure index characters, the plant roguing of index character requirement will do not met, until proterties is stable, occur, uniformity reaches 90%, then sets up original seed farm and expands and breed.
3. the selection of the high height above sea level cultivated species of a kind of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, selects to carry out original seed after cultivated species and adopt son breeding, and its step is as follows:
1. seedbed
At height above sea level 2700-3000 rice, select that high-land, draining are good, soil property is to be rich in organic matter, to cover that sun is good, sylvan life vacant lot or the hillside fields of light transmittance 20%, the shading screen of density 85% will be taken in nonirrigated farmland, selects fine day, when field is dry, turn over 20 centimetres, soil block is pulverized, and pick up de-stone head and weeds, smooth bedding, 100 centimetres of furrow face widths, 30 centimetres of furrow widths, 25 centimetres of ditch depths, ditch is wanted the unobstructed draining that is beneficial to;
2. choose seeds and seed treatment
Select full maturation, disease-free, the dry granular that goes mouldy and damage is heavily the Paris polyphylla seed of 40-70 grams, and it is mixed with 2:1 weight ratio with clean fine sand, and rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and soak seed 1 hour with the golden bacterium spirit of 500 times, imbed in damp sand, process 4 months for 20 ℃, Deng Paris polyphylla seed take root after sowing, to note during this period moisturizing;
3. seeding and seedling raising
The seed that previous step was processed adopts program request or drilling or broadcasts sowing and sow, be sown in the soil layer that humus soil that weight ratio is 2:1 and fine earth mix, require to cover the soil layer of 1.5-2 centimetres on seed, on soil layer, lid layer grass in small, broken bits or pine tag, to keep moisture content, are so beneficial to seedling and are unearthed again, are conducive to leaf shelling and guarantee emergence rate, to keep seedbed humidity during this period, the environment covering: avoid hardening of soil, at dry and excessive sunshine, emerge for 3-4 months;
4. transplant
Seed, in the transplanting afterwards in 3 years of emerging, is pressed 20 * 20 centimetres of plantations of seeding row spacing, after transplanting, covers broken grass or humus soil moisturizing; keep shade environment, in the winter time, terrestrial stem falls after seedling transplanting time; during rhizome dormancy, in transplanting process, note protection terminal bud and fibrous root is unaffected and damage.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104206154A (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2014-12-17 | 宁蒗万嘉生物开发有限公司 | Paris polyphylla cultivation method |
| CN104255216A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-01-07 | 宁国千方中药发展有限公司 | Method for growing Paris polyphylla seedlings from seeds |
| CN104380942A (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2015-03-04 | 王伟 | Processing method allowing seeds of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis to grow roots in four months and to grow leaves in eight months |
| CN104429447A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving parispolyphylla seed yield and quality |
| CN104488643A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-08 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Method for cultivating Paris polyphylla through walnut forest lands |
| CN104871933A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-02 | 云南农业大学 | Method for cultivating organic Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under Pinus armandii forest |
| CN105325144A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-17 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Paris polyphylla rapid propagation technology |
| CN105850436A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 宁蒗沈氏滇重楼药材有限公司 | Cultivation method of Paris polyphylla |
| CN105993464A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 澜沧澎勃生物药业有限公司 | Method for wild-imitating planting of high-stalk polyphylla rhizoma paridis |
| CN106034660A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 泸西白云山农业开发有限公司 | Panax notoginseng cultivating method |
| CN106171409A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 李贵东 | A kind of Rhizoma Paridis virus-free fast-growing method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106233953A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 红河山鼎生物资源开发有限公司 | A kind of artificial domesticating cultivation method of medicinal wild Rhizoma Paridis |
| CN107484521A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-19 | 云南绿迹科技有限公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
| CN108901725A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-30 | 镇巴县泰昌农牧有限公司 | Paris polyphylla implantation methods and its pest control method |
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| CN104255216A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-01-07 | 宁国千方中药发展有限公司 | Method for growing Paris polyphylla seedlings from seeds |
| CN104206154A (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2014-12-17 | 宁蒗万嘉生物开发有限公司 | Paris polyphylla cultivation method |
| CN104380942A (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2015-03-04 | 王伟 | Processing method allowing seeds of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis to grow roots in four months and to grow leaves in eight months |
| CN104429447A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving parispolyphylla seed yield and quality |
| CN104488643B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-03-08 | 湖南省森林植物园 | A kind of method that utilization walnut forest land cultivates Rhizoma Paridis |
| CN104488643A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-08 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Method for cultivating Paris polyphylla through walnut forest lands |
| CN104871933A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-02 | 云南农业大学 | Method for cultivating organic Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under Pinus armandii forest |
| CN105325144A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-17 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Paris polyphylla rapid propagation technology |
| CN105850436A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 宁蒗沈氏滇重楼药材有限公司 | Cultivation method of Paris polyphylla |
| CN105993464A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 澜沧澎勃生物药业有限公司 | Method for wild-imitating planting of high-stalk polyphylla rhizoma paridis |
| CN106034660A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 泸西白云山农业开发有限公司 | Panax notoginseng cultivating method |
| CN106171409A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 李贵东 | A kind of Rhizoma Paridis virus-free fast-growing method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106233953A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 红河山鼎生物资源开发有限公司 | A kind of artificial domesticating cultivation method of medicinal wild Rhizoma Paridis |
| CN107484521A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-19 | 云南绿迹科技有限公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
| CN108901725A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-30 | 镇巴县泰昌农牧有限公司 | Paris polyphylla implantation methods and its pest control method |
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