CN104206154A - Paris polyphylla cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine plantation, in particular to a method for artificially planting Paris polyphylla. The method comprises the following steps: (1) nursery preparation; (2) seed selection and processing; (3) sowing and seedling culture; (4) transplantation; (5) field management; (6) harvesting. According to the method, seedlings are firstly cultured in an arbor broad-leaved forest, a sprout has strong adaptability and high survival rate and can keep the phamaceutical value of wild medicinal materials to a largest extent due to the fact that environment in the forest is more similar to wild environment, earnings can be obtained in short time after artificial cultivation, and plantation investment risks are lowered. The method has the advantages of simpleness in operation, easiness in popularization, high earning, low risk and good economic benefit and social benefit, and a new optimization scheme is provided for the artificial scale plantation of the Paris polyphylla.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, is a kind of method of artificial planting Paris polyphylla specifically.
Background technology
Paris polyphylla likes living in height above sea level 500～3000m, and weather is moistening, and shady place is covered in the suitable sylvan life of rainfall.General seed germination, the preference temperature of root growth and terminal bud germination is 18 ℃～20 ℃, and emerging is 20 ℃, and overground part plant strain growth is 16 ℃～20 ℃, and underground part root growth is 14 ℃～18 ℃.Paris polyphylla growth requires to cover shady environment, and illumination can make more by force blade withered.General seed germination and seedling stage require to shade better, and ripe the first two year will suitably reduce the increase illumination of shading, and is conducive to the accumulation of secondary metabolites and dry matter.Traditional medicine mainly utilizes wild resource with Paris polyphylla, along with the fast development of Chinese Medicine Industry, manufacturing enterprise's dosage that the Paris polyphylla of take is raw material significantly increases, and wild Paris polyphylla poor growth, from seed germination, to results, need more than 10 year time, be difficult to meet the pharmacy demand of pharmaceutical manufacturer.
During Paris polyphylla plantation, soil moisture content is too low, easily causes cauline leaf dehydration, and root system is withered and dead, the too high damage by disease and insect that easily occurs, and rhizome rots.Paris polyphylla should be grown in the subacidity humus soil or red soil of good water permeability, sticky heavy, and easily ponding should not be planted with the soil hardening.In recent years; artificial cultivation Paris polyphylla becomes the inevitable choice that becomes industry sustainable development; but Paris polyphylla seedling fostering survival rate is low; investment risk is large; from planting to gather in the crops, needed for 8～10 years; investment cycle is longer, and completely low than wild Paris polyphylla by tame Yunnan Paris polyphylla medical value, makes the scaled artificial planting of Yunnan Paris polyphylla receive serious restriction.Therefore, research and develop the growth requirement that the Paris polyphylla implantation methods that a kind ofly reduces Planting risk, shortens earning cycle and can improve Yunnan Paris polyphylla medical value becomes Paris polyphylla industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem for above-mentioned existence, provide a kind of and reduce Planting risk, economic worth is provided and can improves the Paris polyphylla cultivation method of Paris polyphylla medical value.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of cultivation method of Paris polyphylla, comprise the steps,
(1) prepare in nursery: on arbor hardwood forest plot, mark the sideline, moisture in the soil position of wide 1.0～1.2m, long 15～17m, be provided with the dead furrow of 25cm between adjacent moisture in the soil position, then outside Shang Wei sideline, nursery, every ridge, tiling is highly 20～25cm surrounding edge; Earth in the moisture in the soil of nursery is turned over, and mass of soil is broken into particulate, on the moisture in the soil face in nursery, spread the Nutrition Soil that thickness is 5～8cm; In the place from more than the high 2m of moisture in the soil face, lay sunshade net, finally water, make nursery earth water content reach 15%～20%;
(2) seed selection and processing: select full, ripe, disease-free, go mouldy and Paris polyphylla seed that damage, thousand kernel weight are 40～70g, it is mixed with 2: 1 with fine sand, rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and with the carbendazim seed soaking 1～2h of 500～800 times, imbed in damp sand, wait Paris polyphylla seed to take root after sowing;
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed of processing is sowed on nursery, sprinkles the pine needle that a layer thickness is 1～1.5cm after covering the humus soil that thickness is 1.5～2cm, and finally repaving last layer thickness is tree moss and the bog moss that 3～4cm lives;
(4) transplant: in the winter time, excavate the Paris polyphylla seedling of growing 3～5 years, disease-free, the normal Paris polyphylla subterranean stem of form are cut by 2～3 joints, and wound is transplanted to land for growing field crops after processing with ash, transplants broken grass or humus soil that rear cladding thickness is 1～1.5cm;
(5) field management:
1. weeding: after plantation, carry out intertill and clean tillage in 9 annual～October;
2. water: it is drain ditch more than 35cm that land for growing field crops surrounding arranges the degree of depth, avoid land for growing field crops ponding;
3. fertilising: Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 8～12kg/ mu, nitrogen fertilizer amount 2～3kg/ mu; Phosphate fertilizer once applies when transplanting, and nitrogenous fertilizer is selected 46.6% urea, and minute base manure and topdressing is used when transplanting and the flowering stage respectively by the ratios of 7: 3;
4. pluck top: after the Paris polyphylla plant exhibition leaf exhibition that has reproductive organs is spent, spent the part of portion except sepal to extract, until gather every year;
(6) gather: cultivate after 3～5 years, after plant is withered, excavate, obtain ripe traditional Chinese medicine Paris polyphylla.
Further: in step (1), the height of arbor hardwood forest is not less than 3m, the vegetation crown density in forest land are 25%～40%.
Further: in step (1), described Nutrition Soil comprises humus soil and fine sand, weight ratio is 2:1.
Further: in step (4), during transplanting, spacing in the rows is 7～15 * 7～20cm;
In the present invention, the stripping and slicing of cutting apart is with the transplanting then of terminal bud, and spacing in the rows is 15 * 20cm, and or not with can the transplanting then of terminal bud, spacing in the rows is not 7 * 7cm, also can next year wait after forming indefinite bud and transplant in the spacing in the rows by 15 * 20cm.
Further: in step (4), described land for growing field crops is provided with the rate of sheltering from heat or light and reaches 60～70% sunshade net.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is:
(1) first the present invention grows seedlings in arbor hardwood forest, the effect of blocking due to the woods, while having guaranteed Paris polyphylla artificial planting, cover shade and warmth retention property, while cultivating Paris polyphylla seedling, speed of production is fast, be difficult for sickly, and can effectively imitate the wild environment of Paris polyphylla, turn out healthy and strong and adaptable seedling;
(2) first the present invention grows seedlings in arbor hardwood forest, because the environment in the woods more approaches wild environment, can make the strong adaptability of seedling, survival rate is high, and can maximize the medical value that retains natural crude drugs, after artificial cultivation, can obtain income in a short time, lower plantation investment risk.The advantages such as that the present invention has is simple to operate, be easy to promote, income is high, risk is low, for the manual scale planting of Paris polyphylla provides new prioritization scheme, have good economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A cultivation method for Paris polyphylla, comprises the steps,
(1) prepare in nursery: on arbor hardwood forest plot, mark the sideline, moisture in the soil position of wide 1.0m, long 15m, be provided with the dead furrow of 25cm between adjacent moisture in the soil position, then outside Shang Wei sideline, nursery, every ridge, tiling is highly 20cm surrounding edge; Earth in the moisture in the soil of nursery is turned over, and mass of soil is broken into particulate, on the moisture in the soil face in nursery, spread the Nutrition Soil that thickness is 5cm; In the place from the high 2m of moisture in the soil face, lay sunshade net, finally water, make nursery earth water content reach 15%;
Wherein, the height of arbor hardwood forest is 3m, and the vegetation crown density in forest land are 25%; Nutrition Soil comprises humus soil and fine sand, and weight ratio is 2:1;
(2) seed selection and processing: select full, ripe, disease-free, go mouldy and damage the Paris polyphylla seed that thousand kernel weight is 40g, it is mixed with 2: 1 with fine sand, rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and with the carbendazim of the 500 times 1h that soaks seed, imbed in damp sand, process after 4 months for 20 ℃, wait Paris polyphylla seed to take root after sowing;
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed of processing is sowed on nursery, sprinkles the pine needle that a layer thickness is 1cm after covering the humus soil that thickness is 1.5cm, and finally repaving last layer thickness is tree moss and the bog moss that 3cm lives;
(4) transplant: in the winter time, excavate the Paris polyphylla seedling of growing 3 years, disease-free, the normal Paris polyphylla subterranean stem of form are cut by 2 joints, wound is transplanted to land for growing field crops (land for growing field crops is provided with the rate of sheltering from heat or light and reaches 60% sunshade net) after processing with ash, broken grass or humus soil that after transplanting, cladding thickness is 1cm;
In embodiment, the stripping and slicing of cutting apart is with the transplanting then of terminal bud, and spacing in the rows is 15 * 20cm, and or not with can the transplanting then of terminal bud, spacing in the rows is not 7 * 7cm, also can next year wait after forming indefinite bud and transplant in the spacing in the rows by 15 * 20cm.
(5) field management:
1. weeding: after plantation, carry out intertill and clean tillage in annual September;
2. water: it is drain ditch more than 35cm that land for growing field crops surrounding arranges the degree of depth, avoid land for growing field crops ponding, in the weather arid time, will water in time;
3. fertilising: Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 8kg/ mu, nitrogen fertilizer amount 2kg/ mu; Phosphate fertilizer once applies when transplanting, and nitrogenous fertilizer is selected 46.6% urea, and minute base manure and topdressing is used when transplanting and the flowering stage respectively by the ratios of 7: 3;
4. pluck top: after the Paris polyphylla plant exhibition leaf exhibition that has reproductive organs is spent, spent the part of portion except sepal to extract, until gather every year;
(6) gather: cultivate after 3 years, after plant is withered, excavate, obtain ripe traditional Chinese medicine Paris polyphylla.
Embodiment 2
A cultivation method for Paris polyphylla, comprises the steps,
(1) prepare in nursery: on arbor hardwood forest plot, mark the sideline, moisture in the soil position of wide 1.2m, long 17m, be provided with the dead furrow of 25cm between adjacent moisture in the soil position, then outside Shang Wei sideline, nursery, every ridge, tiling is highly 25cm surrounding edge; Earth in the moisture in the soil of nursery is turned over, and mass of soil is broken into particulate, on the moisture in the soil face in nursery, spread the Nutrition Soil that thickness is 8cm; In the place from the high 2.5m of moisture in the soil face, lay sunshade net, finally water, make nursery earth water content reach 20%;
Wherein, the height 4m of arbor hardwood forest, the vegetation crown density in forest land are 40%; Nutrition Soil comprises humus soil and fine sand, and weight ratio is 2:1;
(2) seed selection and processing: select full, ripe, disease-free, go mouldy and damage the Paris polyphylla seed that thousand kernel weight is 70g, it is mixed with 2: 1 with fine sand, rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and with the carbendazim of the 800 times 2h that soaks seed, imbed in damp sand, process after 4 months for 20 ℃, wait Paris polyphylla seed to take root after sowing;
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed of processing is sowed on nursery, sprinkles the pine needle that a layer thickness is 1.5cm after covering the humus soil that thickness is 2cm, and finally repaving last layer thickness is tree moss and the bog moss that 4cm lives;
(4) transplant: in the winter time, excavate the Paris polyphylla seedling of growing 5 years, disease-free, the normal Paris polyphylla subterranean stem of form are cut by 3 joints, after processing with ash with the wound of terminal bud, transplant to land for growing field crops (land for growing field crops is provided with the rate of sheltering from heat or light and reaches 70% sunshade net), not with the next year transplanting of terminal bud, broken grass or humus soil that after transplanting, cladding thickness is 1.5cm;
In embodiment, the stripping and slicing of cutting apart is with the transplanting then of terminal bud, and spacing in the rows is 15 * 20cm, and or not with can the transplanting then of terminal bud, spacing in the rows is not 7 * 7cm, also can next year wait after forming indefinite bud and transplant in the spacing in the rows by 15 * 20cm.
(5) field management:
1. weeding: after plantation, carry out intertill and clean tillage in annual October;
2. water: it is drain ditch more than 35cm that land for growing field crops surrounding arranges the degree of depth, avoid land for growing field crops ponding;
3. fertilising: Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 12kg/ mu, nitrogen fertilizer amount 3kg/ mu; Phosphate fertilizer once applies when transplanting, and nitrogenous fertilizer is selected 46.6% urea, and minute base manure and topdressing is used when transplanting and the flowering stage respectively by the ratios of 7: 3;
4. pluck top: after the Paris polyphylla plant exhibition leaf exhibition that has reproductive organs is spent, spent the part of portion except sepal to extract, until gather every year;
(6) gather: cultivate after 5 years, after plant is withered, excavate, obtain ripe traditional Chinese medicine Paris polyphylla.
Embodiment 3
A cultivation method for Paris polyphylla, comprises the steps,
(1) prepare in nursery: on arbor hardwood forest plot, mark the sideline, moisture in the soil position of wide 1.1m, long 16m, be provided with the dead furrow of 25cm between adjacent moisture in the soil position, then outside Shang Wei sideline, nursery, every ridge, tiling is highly 20cm surrounding edge; Earth in the moisture in the soil of nursery is turned over, and mass of soil is broken into particulate, on the moisture in the soil face in nursery, spread the Nutrition Soil that thickness is 6cm; In the place from the high 2m of moisture in the soil face, lay sunshade net, finally water, make nursery earth water content reach 17%;
Wherein, the height of arbor hardwood forest is 5m, and the vegetation crown density in forest land are 35%; Nutrition Soil comprises humus soil and fine sand, and weight ratio is 2:1;
(2) seed selection and processing: select full, ripe, disease-free, go mouldy and damage the Paris polyphylla seed that thousand kernel weight is 55g, it is mixed with 2: 1 with fine sand, rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and with the carbendazim of the 650 times 1.5h that soaks seed, imbed in damp sand, process after 4 months for 20 ℃, wait Paris polyphylla seed to take root after sowing;
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed of processing is sowed on nursery, sprinkles the pine needle that a layer thickness is 1.3cm after covering the humus soil that thickness is 1.5cm, and finally repaving last layer thickness is tree moss and the bog moss that 3.5cm lives;
(4) transplant: in the winter time, excavate the Paris polyphylla seedling of growing 4 years, disease-free, the normal Paris polyphylla subterranean stem of form are cut by 2 joints, wound is transplanted to land for growing field crops (land for growing field crops is provided with the rate of sheltering from heat or light and reaches 65% sunshade net) after processing with ash, broken grass or humus soil that after transplanting, cladding thickness is 1.3cm;
In embodiment, the stripping and slicing of cutting apart is with the transplanting then of terminal bud, and spacing in the rows is 15 * 20cm, and or not with can the transplanting then of terminal bud, spacing in the rows is not 7 * 7cm, also can next year wait after forming indefinite bud and transplant in the spacing in the rows by 15 * 20.
(5) field management:
1. weeding: after plantation, carry out intertill and clean tillage in annual September;
2. water: land for growing field crops surrounding arranges the drain ditch that the degree of depth is 40cm, avoids land for growing field crops ponding;
3. fertilising: Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 10kg/ mu, nitrogen fertilizer amount 2.5kg/ mu; Phosphate fertilizer once applies when transplanting, and nitrogenous fertilizer is selected 46.6% urea, and minute base manure and topdressing is used when transplanting and the flowering stage respectively by the ratios of 7: 3;
4. pluck top: after the Paris polyphylla plant exhibition leaf exhibition that has reproductive organs is spent, spent the part of portion except sepal to extract, until gather every year;
(6) gather: cultivate after 3 years, after plant is withered, excavate, obtain ripe traditional Chinese medicine Paris polyphylla.
Above-mentioned 3 embodiment per mu yield income effect comparison tables:
As can be known from the above table, utilize the inventive method to carry out artificial planting Paris polyphylla, 30,000 yuan of left and right of every mu of disposable input, deduct cost income and can reach 100,000 yuan of left and right after plantation 3-5.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the cultivation method of Paris polyphylla, is characterized in that, comprise the steps,
(1) prepare in nursery: on arbor hardwood forest plot, mark the sideline, moisture in the soil position of wide 1.0～1.2m, long 15～17m, be provided with the dead furrow of 25cm between adjacent moisture in the soil position, then outside Shang Wei sideline, nursery, every ridge, tiling is highly 20～25cm surrounding edge; Earth in the moisture in the soil of nursery is turned over, and mass of soil is broken into particulate, on the moisture in the soil face in nursery, spread the Nutrition Soil that thickness is 5～8cm; In the place from more than the high 2m of moisture in the soil face, lay sunshade net, finally water, make nursery earth water content reach 15%～20%;
(2) seed selection and processing: select full, ripe, disease-free, go mouldy and Paris polyphylla seed that damage, thousand kernel weight are 40～70g, it is mixed with 2: 1 with fine sand, rubbing is removed exosper, clean, and with the carbendazim seed soaking 1～2h of 500～800 times, imbed in damp sand, wait Paris polyphylla seed to take root after sowing;
(3) seeding and seedling raising: the seed of processing is sowed on nursery, sprinkles the pine needle that a layer thickness is 1～1.5cm after covering the humus soil that thickness is 1.5～2cm, and finally repaving last layer thickness is tree moss and the bog moss that 3～4cm lives;
(4) transplant: in the winter time, excavate the Paris polyphylla seedling of growing 3～5 years, disease-free, the normal Paris polyphylla subterranean stem of form are cut by 2～3 joints, and wound is transplanted to land for growing field crops after processing with ash, transplants broken grass or humus soil that rear cladding thickness is 1～1.5cm;
(5) field management:
1. weeding: after plantation, carry out intertill and clean tillage in 9 annual～October;
2. water: it is drain ditch more than 35cm that land for growing field crops surrounding arranges the degree of depth, avoid land for growing field crops ponding;
3. fertilising: Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates 8～12kg/ mu, nitrogen fertilizer amount 2～3kg/ mu; Phosphate fertilizer once applies when transplanting, and nitrogenous fertilizer is selected 46.6% urea, and minute base manure and topdressing is used when transplanting and the flowering stage respectively by the ratios of 7: 3;
4. pluck top: after the Paris polyphylla plant exhibition leaf exhibition that has reproductive organs is spent, spent the part of portion except sepal to extract, until gather every year;
(6) gather: cultivate after 3～5 years, after plant is withered, excavate, obtain ripe traditional Chinese medicine Paris polyphylla.
2. the cultivation method of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), the height of arbor hardwood forest is not less than 3m, and the vegetation crown density in forest land are 25%～40%.
3. the cultivation method of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), described Nutrition Soil comprises humus soil and fine sand, and weight ratio is 2:1.
4. the cultivation method of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (4), during transplanting, spacing in the rows is 7～15 * 7～20cm.
5. the cultivation method of Paris polyphylla according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (4), described land for growing field crops is provided with the rate of sheltering from heat or light and reaches 60～70% sunshade net.
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| CN106416656A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-02-22 | 景谷雄剑重楼种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method for paris polyphylla |
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| CN106550756A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-04-05 | 北海市农业科学研究所 | Selenium-rich peanuts planting with machinery method |
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