CN109548611A - A kind of Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method - Google Patents
A kind of Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109548611A CN109548611A CN201910068477.6A CN201910068477A CN109548611A CN 109548611 A CN109548611 A CN 109548611A CN 201910068477 A CN201910068477 A CN 201910068477A CN 109548611 A CN109548611 A CN 109548611A
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- paris polyphylla
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting methods.The present invention is the Ecology habit according to paris polyphylla and Birch, using stereo ecological cropping pattern, in conjunction with economic considerations, and a kind of obtained suitable paris polyphylla high-yield planting method.The soil moisture of paris polyphylla plantation ridge can be effectively controlled in the ecology composite plant method, avoid the even problem of death of slow growth caused by the diseases such as downy mildew, black spot, root rot, significantly improve paris polyphylla yield, and reduce Pesticide use, to reduce paris polyphylla pesticide residue, meanwhile, improve land resources utilization rate, reduce artificial and planting cost investment, improves economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a kind of Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting side
Method.
Background technique
Paris polyphylla (Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch) Hand.-Mazz) is for I
Long one of the rare Chinese medicine of state's usage history is distributed mainly on western area of Yunnan Province, hygrophilous profit, the environment relatively covered.Its
Rhizome can be used as medicine, have clearing heat and detoxicating, anti-inflammatory analgetic, activating microcirculation and removing stasis medicinal, cool liver arresting convulsion the effect of, be usually used in treat traumatic injury,
The diseases such as ulcerative carbuncle pyogenic infections, rheumatic arthritis, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer are " Yunnan Baiyao ", " Gong Xue Ning ", " heat toxin is clear " etc.
One of the primary raw material of famous Chinese patent drug.Recently as the fast development of bioscience, pharmacology etc., the application neck of paris polyphylla
Domain is increasingly wide, and Raw Material Demand amount sharply increases, and artificial cultivation area also increases year by year.
Birch (Betula alnoides Buch.Ham.ex D.Don) is a precious native soil of western area of Yunnan Province
Deciduous species, it is adaptable, growth rapidly, material it is excellent, and be environmentally friendly tree species, be widely used in wildwood guarantor
The engineerings such as shield, conceding the land to forestry and grass and Precious timber construction of base.In the recent decade, western area of Yunnan Province Birch is artificial
Woods area is more than 100,000 hectares.However in production practice, the features such as Birch cultivation period is long, investment recycling is slow, restricts
, there is the phenomenon that part self-employed tree cultivator fells Birch too early and plants economic crops in its further scale development and Sustainable Operation.
Birch tree crown is more sparse, and translucency is preferable, is suitable for developing underwood planting.Length knot can be realized by Agro-forestry management
It closes, improves the short-term economic income of self-employed tree cultivator, so that enhancing it manages enthusiasm, promote Betula alnoides Plantation Sustainable Operation.
Previous paris polyphylla artificial growth mostly uses cultivation in farmland, and cultivation in farmland occupies more arable land, input cost also compared with
It is high.In recent years, underwood planting paris polyphylla mode is also used in production.But since growing area rainy season precipitation is more, soil moisture contains
Measure excessively high, cause paris polyphylla slow growth, the disease incidences such as downy mildew, black spot, root rot are high, occur rotten of large area,
Phenomena such as dead, causes paris polyphylla yield to be greatly reduced, and seriously affects self-employed tree cultivator's income.And it is prevented and treated using pesticide, paris polyphylla
Pesticide residue it is higher, drug safety is poor, it tends to be difficult to meet drug quality safety requirements.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and deficiency, provides a kind of Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high yield
Implantation methods.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method, packet
Include following steps:
(1) selection of land: 1400~2000m height above sea level is selected, 8 years or more Birch woodss are grown on tailo of the gradient less than 20 °
Point, so that Canopy densities is reached 0.4~0.5 by intermediate cutting；
(2) site preparation: remove hayashishita miscellaneous filling, forest land is turned over, ploughed depth be 25~35cm, per acre apply 2500~
Base manure is uniformly spread on soil surface as base manure by 3500kg farmyard manure and 35~45kg calcium superphosphate, and is passed through farming
It mixes well withs the soil, smooth ridging, finally carry out disinfection processing；
(3) build plastic canopy: building arch greenhouse above plantation ridge, covered above plastic greenhouse one layer of light transmittance 60~
80% shading screen, and the drainage trenching around greenhouse；
(4) it plants: when annual early or mid Febuary in December to next year rhizome suspend mode, choosing the paris polyphylla reality for forming obvious stem tuber
Raw seedling or the stem tuber of cutting are planted；Planting patterns is laterally to ditch in ridge face, 4~6cm of ditch depth, and plantation seeding row spacing is
20cm × 20~25cm；Hayashishita litter coverage ridge face is used after the completion of plantation, with a thickness of 3~7cm；
(5) manage after planting: view weather condition watering, watering are maintained at soil moisture between 30~40% using sprinkling irrigation；
Start within the 2nd year after kind of lower paris polyphylla, respectively imposed June and December every year farmyard manure 1 time, every time 800~1200kg per acre；
Timely weeding prevents weeds from influencing paris polyphylla growth；
(6) harvest and reserve seed for planting: the paris polyphylla planted with stem tuber, plantation can harvest stem tuber after 3~5 years；It is planted with seedling
Paris polyphylla, plantation can harvest for 5~7 years；It when excavation, avoids hurting root and stem tuber as far as possible, guarantees that stem tuber is intact, cut no top with knife
Also without the position of fibrous root, rest part continues to cultivate bud in situ, obtains stem tuber and seed.
Height above sea level described in step (1) is preferably 1800~1900m；More preferably 1850m.
The gradient described in step (1) is preferably 10~20 °；More preferably 13~17 °；Most preferably 15 °.
Birch standing forest described in step (1) is preferably the good artificial forest of irrigation condition.
The hayashishita soil of Birch described in step (1) is fertile sandy soil loose, humus content is high.
Ploughed depth described in step (2) is preferably 30cm.
It is farmyard manure described in step (2) and (5) stack retting 3 months or more before administration, sufficiently decomposed.
The amount of application of farmyard manure described in step (2) is preferably 3000kg/ mus.
The amount of application of calcium superphosphate described in step (2) is preferably 40kg/ mus.
Ridging described in step (2) is to construct the following plantation ridge of specification: 0.8~1.2m of row spacing, high 20~30cm, ridge
25~35cm of spacing；It is more preferably as follows: row spacing 1m, high 25cm, ridge spacing 30cm.
Disinfection described in step (2) is to be carried out disinfection by pouring limewash.
The limewash is preferably by lime: the limewash that water=mass ratio 1:20~1:30 is obtained；More preferably stone
Ash: the limewash that water=mass ratio 1:25 is obtained.
The specification of plastic greenhouse described in step (3) is as follows: canopy is wide to be determined according to actual landform etc., canopy lower edge is high by 1.8~
2.2m, 2.8~3.2m of highest point；More preferably as follows: canopy width is 6m, canopy lower edge high 2m, highest point 3m.
The structure of plastic greenhouse described in step (3) is steel construction.
Shading screen described in step (3) is preferably the shading screen of light transmittance 70%.
The cladding thickness of litter described in step (4) is preferably 5cm.
N P and K and various trace-element fertilizers can be aided with by imposing farmyard manure described in step (5).
The fertilizer amount that farmyard manure is imposed described in step (5) is preferably 1000kg/ mus.
Weeding described in step (5) is to use artificial uprooting weed mode weeding.
It is preferably planted the 5th year and is harvested with the paris polyphylla of stem tuber plantation described in step (6).
It is preferably planted the 7th year and is harvested with the paris polyphylla of seedling plantation described in step (6).
The time for continuing to cultivate described in step (6) is at least 3 years；Preferably 5 years.
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art:
1. the present invention by building plastic greenhouse above paris polyphylla plantation ridge, effectively prevent rainy season precipitation it is excessive caused by
Ridge internal water accumulation；By manually spraying water, the soil moisture of plantation ridge is effectively controlled.To avoid downy mildew, black spot, root rot etc.
Slow growth caused by disease or even problem of death significantly improve the yield of paris polyphylla.And Simple steel structure plastic canopy is built,
Cost per mu is at 1~1.5 ten thousand yuan, and stem tuber per mu yield is about 1500kg after the paris polyphylla for building plastic canopy is planted 5 years, is not taken
The paris polyphylla yield for building plastic canopy is unstable, and often per mu yield is lower than 1100kg.Based on 2018 minimum 300 yuan/kg of market price, 5
Year economic benefit at least increases by 120,000 yuan/mu.In addition, the paris polyphylla hip number for building plastic canopy, which is also significantly higher than, does not build modeling
Expect arched shed, this can also dramatically increase self-employed tree cultivator's income.
Occur 2. the present invention controls the big caused disease of soil moisture, reduces Pesticide use, to reduce Yunnan
The pesticide residue of Paris polyphylla.
3. the present invention is according to the Ecology habit of paris polyphylla and Birch, using stereo ecological cropping pattern,
In conjunction with economic considerations, suitable implantation methods are obtained, improve land resources utilization rate, reduce artificial and planting cost throwing
Enter, improves economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
A kind of paris polyphylla high-yield planting method under Betula alnoides Plantation, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: selection irrigation and drainage are good, grow 8 years Betula alnoides Plantations (Yunnan Dehong), forest land height above sea level 1850m, sun
Slope, the gradient be 15 °, soil be it is fertile it is loose, containing the more sand loam of humus.Make Canopy densities 0.4 by intermediate cutting
~0.5.
(2) site preparation: hayashishita miscellaneous filling is removed comprehensively, then forest land is turned over, ploughed depth 30cm.Application is filled per acre
Divide decomposed farmyard manure 3000kg and calcium superphosphate 40kg that base manure is uniformly spread on soil surface as base manure, and passes through deep ploughing
Spy mixes well withs the soil.Smooth ridging, row spacing 1m, high 25cm, ridge spacing 30cm.Finally pour limewash (lime: water=1:25,
Mass ratio) carry out disinfection processing.
(3) it builds plastic canopy: building steel construction arch greenhouse above plantation ridge, the wide 6m of canopy, canopy lower edge height 2m, most
Eminence 3m, plastic greenhouse top cover the shading screen that one layer of light transmittance is 70%, the drainage trenching around greenhouse.
(4) it plants: when rhizome suspend mode in December, being planted using the stem tuber of paris polyphylla.Planting patterns is in ridge face transverse direction
Trench digging, 4~6cm of ditch depth, plantation seeding row spacing are 20cm × 25cm.Hayashishita litter coverage ridge face is used after finishing, thickness is about
5cm。
(5) manage after planting: view weather condition watering, watering make soil moisture be maintained at 30~40% using sprinkling irrigation.Plantation
Start within the 2nd year afterwards, respectively use abundant well-rotted farmyard manure top dressing 1 time June and December every year, every time per acre 800~
1200kg.Using artificial uprooting weed mode weeding.
(6) harvest: plantation started to harvest seed after 3 years, harvested stem tuber after 5 years.When stem tuber is excavated, avoid hurting as far as possible root and
Stem tuber guarantees that stem tuber is intact, cuts no terminal bud also without the position of fibrous root with knife, rest part continues to cultivate in situ, 3 Nian Houke
It excavates again.Seed can be harvested after plantation 4 years, 6 years whens enter fruiting peak period.
In the present embodiment, after building paris polyphylla plantation 5 years of plastic canopy, average harvesting amount is 1500kg/ mus, by 2018
Year, market 300 yuan/kg of lowest price was counted, and took in 450,000 yuan per acre, and built only 1.2 ten thousand yuan of steel structural plastic arched shed cost per mu.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that: do not build steel structural plastic arched shed above plantation ridge, only cover 70%
The shading screen of light transmittance, and in front of rainy season, the fungicide such as a carbendazim or Mancozeb are sprayed every month, until rainy season
Terminate, to reach the purpose of pre- disease prevention.
In the present embodiment, do not cover plastic canopy paris polyphylla plant 5 years after, average harvesting amount be 1050kg/ mus, press
300 yuan/the kg of market price in 2018 meter, income is 31.5 ten thousand yuan per acre, and averagely relatively build plastic canopy paris polyphylla takes in 2.7 ten thousand less
Member/mu/year.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that: selected standing forest is local shaw, does not build steel knot above plantation ridge
Structure plastic canopy only covers the shading screen of 70% light transmittance, and starts to spray carbendazim or Mancozeb every month before rainy season
Equal fungicide once reach the purpose of pre- disease prevention up to Withdrawal.
In the present embodiment, after the paris polyphylla of uncapped plastic canopy is planted 5 years under shaw, average harvesting amount is
1000kg/ mus, based on the 300 yuan/kg of market price in 2018, income is 300,000 yuan per acre, average relatively to build plastic canopy paris polyphylla
Less take in 30,000 yuan/mu/year.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) selection of land: height above sea level between 1400~2000m is selected, 8 years or more Birch woodss are grown on tailo of the gradient less than 20 °
Point, so that Canopy densities is reached 0.4~0.5 by intermediate cutting；
(2) site preparation: remove hayashishita miscellaneous filling, forest land is turned over, ploughed depth be 25~35cm, per acre apply 2500~
3500kg farmyard manure and 35~45kg calcium superphosphate are uniformly spread on soil surface as base manure, by base manure, and by farming by its
It mixes well withs the soil, smooth ridging, finally carry out disinfection processing；
(3) it builds plastic canopy: building arch greenhouse above plantation ridge, cover one layer of light transmittance 60~80% above plastic greenhouse
Shading screen, and the drainage trenching around greenhouse；
(4) it plants: when annual early or mid Febuary in December to next year rhizome suspend mode, choosing the paris polyphylla seedling for forming obvious stem tuber
Or the stem tuber of cutting is planted；Planting patterns be ridge face laterally ditch, 4~6cm of ditch depth, plantation seeding row spacing for 20cm ×
20~25cm；Hayashishita litter coverage ridge face is used after finishing, with a thickness of 3~7cm；
(5) manage after planting: view weather condition watering, watering make soil water content be maintained at 30~40% using sprinkling irrigation；Plantation
Start within the 2nd year afterwards, respectively impose farmyard manure 1 time June and December every year, every time 800~1200kg per acre；Timely weeding；
(6) it harvests and reserves seed for planting: harvesting stem tuber after planting 3~5 years with the paris polyphylla of stem tuber plantation；The paris polyphylla planted with seedling
It harvests within plantation 5~7 years；It when excavation, avoids hurting root and stem tuber as far as possible, guarantees that stem tuber is intact, cut no terminal bud also without fibrous root with knife
Position, rest part continues to cultivate in situ, obtains stem tuber and seed.
2. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Birch standing forest described in step (1) is the good artificial forest of irrigation condition；
The hayashishita soil of Birch described in step (1) is fertile sandy soil loose, humus content is high；
Farmyard manure described in step (2) and (5) stack retting 3 months or more before administration.
3. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Ridging described in step (2) is to construct the following plantation ridge of specification: 0.8~1.2m of row spacing, high 20~30cm, ridge spacing
25~35cm；
The specification of plastic greenhouse described in step (3) is as follows: canopy is wide to be determined according to actual landform, the high 1.8~2.2m of canopy lower edge, most
2.8~3.2m of eminence.
4. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:
Ridging described in step (2) is to construct the following plantation ridge of specification: row spacing 1m, high 25cm, ridge spacing 30cm；
The specification of plastic greenhouse described in step (3) is as follows: canopy width is 6m, canopy lower edge high 2m, highest point 3m.
5. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Ploughed depth described in step (2) is 30cm；
The amount of application of farmyard manure described in step (2) is 3000kg/ mus；
The amount of application of calcium superphosphate described in step (2) is 40kg/ mus；
Disinfection described in step (2) is to be carried out disinfection by pouring limewash；
The cladding thickness of litter described in step (4) is 5cm.
6. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The structure of plastic greenhouse described in step (3) is steel construction；
Shading screen described in step (3) is the shading screen of light transmittance 70%.
7. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
It is to impose decomposed farmyard manure that farmyard manure is imposed described in step (5), is aided with N P and K and various trace-element fertilizers.
8. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
The fertilizer amount for imposing farmyard manure is 1000kg/ mus.
9. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Weeding described in step (5) is to use artificial uprooting weed mode weeding.
10. Birch hayashishita paris polyphylla high-yield planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
It was harvested described in step (6) with the paris polyphylla of stem tuber plantation for plantation the 5th year；
It was harvested described in step (6) with the paris polyphylla of seedling plantation for plantation the 7th year；
The time for continuing to cultivate described in step (6) is at least 3 years.
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| CN104871933A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-02 | 云南农业大学 | Method for cultivating organic Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under Pinus armandii forest |
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| CN106258301A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 临沧道地中药材种植科技有限公司 | A kind of underwood planting method of Rhizoma Paridis |
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| CN109220479A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-18 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of method of artificial cultivation under woods paris polyphylla |
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2019
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104206154A (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2014-12-17 | 宁蒗万嘉生物开发有限公司 | Paris polyphylla cultivation method |
| CN104429550A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-25 | 禄劝春焬农业发展有限公司 | Method for artificially planting parispolyphylla |
| CN104885744A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-09 | 云南沧云药材开发有限责任公司 | Paris polyphylla variety purification method |
| CN104871933A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-02 | 云南农业大学 | Method for cultivating organic Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis under Pinus armandii forest |
| CN106258301A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 临沧道地中药材种植科技有限公司 | A kind of underwood planting method of Rhizoma Paridis |
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| CN109220479A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-18 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of method of artificial cultivation under woods paris polyphylla |
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