Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of large-scale sympodial bamboo (Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus) with the asexual reproduction method of Miao Fanmiao, but operating cycle is long, output is high, cost is low, management is intensive, reduces the waste in soil, has reduced the input of labour and goods and materials.
Asexual reproduction method with Miao Fanmiao of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:
1) expand the construction in numerous garden
(1) selection of land: with have abundant water resources, heat is sufficient, physical features is smooth, soil property is fertile, little sand plot of water conservation is as expanding numerous garden;
(2) selection of seedling: select to bury then that stalk cultivates that to have two stalks or above, single stalk leading thread be 0.5-2.0 centimetre, high 60-80 centimetre, well-grown, without the plant (bamboo clump) of damage by disease and insect as maternal plant;
(3) build season: plant early stage in rainy season (annual 3-5 month);
2) plantation specification and method: arrange by 50 * (50-100) centimetres of seeding row spacings, plant plant hole open before the cave by open centered by the point of cave, in the cave end opening, open the long 40-50 of cave specification centimetre, wide 30-40 centimetre, 20-30 centimetre deeply; Admix fertilizer as base fertilizer after, according to the size of seedling and the length of seedling stalk, returning into the shallow planting pit in kind of the kind plant hole lower right corner, plant hole soil layer central authorities edge or a lower left corner direction excavation shallow or right dark left side, the left dark right side, nursery stock is leaned to along the planting pit mediad lower right corner, and the nodal bud on the seedling bar is parallel with the bottom surface, cave, and the seedling stalk is gone up the 1-2 joint most and exposed pool mouth, first use around fine earth jam-pack nursery stock root moist in the cave, then the cubsoil that the cave is other covers the compacting a little of seedling bar, and overburden soil is a little more than pool mouth, and is high outside and low outside;
3) propagating materials propagation management
(1) the expansion propagating and cultivating of small diameter grade (0.7 centimetre≤d<2 centimetres) propagating materials
A. plant and plant: open the cave by 80 centimetres of seeding row spacing 200 cm x, open long 30 centimetres of cave specification, wide 30 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres (being every mu of plantation 416 strains), after field planting is completed, water and fertilizer management is cultivated Cong Miao;
B. weeding, loosen the soil, apply fertilizer, irrigate depending on the soil moisture situation;
C. pruning, truncation and short sprouting: branches and leaves too in great numbers are in time pruned; New bamboo shoot are arranged, namely it is carried out truncation after new bamboo shoot base portion 1-4 joint sheaths of bamboo shoots leaf is about to come off or comes off, the truncation height is 50 centimetres;
D. the selection of qualified clump: when bamboo clump single pole leading thread 〉=0.8 centimetre, without Flowering Phenomenon, without damage by disease and insect, stalk stem color by greyish whitely turn green, the obvious meropodium of side shoot, shoot and leaf growth is good, root and stem of certain plants section is acomia bamboo shoot phenomenon, can carry out plant division this moment and transplant;
(2) being with the root and stem of certain plants to bury stalk grows seedlings
A. the selection of female bamboo: when the plant top tip is bent downwardly, and after the sheaths of bamboo shoots leaf of side shoot base portion 2-4 joint comes off fully, and its leading thread namely can be used as greater than the seedlings of 2 centimetres and buries the female bamboo of stalk;
B. prune and bury bar: cutting out 1-3 centimetre wide according to burying the bar direction in its base portion apart from ground 5-10 centimeters, the breach in dark 2/3 stalk footpath, and it is overwhelmed, the side shoot part prunes away, prune good after, dig out the stalk groove according to plant length and side shoot size plant be depressed in groove to the breach direction, fully earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is 5-10 centimetre, and master branch head portion bassets;
C. water and fertilizer management: after burying bar 10-20 days, carry out the fertilising of root and stem of certain plants section to burying the stalk plant, carry out per month 1 root and impose liquid fertilizer, simultaneously, water and weeding depending on garden ground situation, after bamboo shoot send out in bar section, new plant is carried out truncation and pruning, and the truncation height is 60-70 centimetre;
D. selection and the pruning of qualified clump: after the bamboo seedling rooting, for bamboo clump single pole leading thread 〉=0.8 centimetre, without Flowering Phenomenon, without damage by disease and insect, stalk stem color by greyish whitely turn green, the obvious meropodium of side shoot, the plant division of carrying out of shoot and leaf growth is good, root and stem of certain plants section is acomia bamboo shoot phenomenon transplants;
(3) cutting of qualified upper bag material: in cloudy day or period (morning 7:00-10:00 sooner or later, evening 16:00-18:00) get seedling, excavate place soil in the qualified clump of both sides of choosing, expose tie point, find the disposable cut-out of tie point accurately, the root system sliding trackle that to disperse in surrounding levers up Miao Lian place soil, is placed on shady and cool, lee and gets final product;
(4) container is transplanted: get to complete in 1 hour after seedling and transplant upper bag, the 3-4 centimetre high matrix of first packing in nutritive cube is native, then the bamboo seedling that takes out is put into a glass center, make root system in order along the wall of cup surrounding, then the matrix of packing into soil to three/two positions compacting gently, then with the matrix earthen backfill to apart from nutritive cube mouth 1-2 centimeters;
(5) water normal root water: container seedling is transplanted the complete rear water of in time drenching, and Nutrition Soil is fully permeated, and optic lobe surface humidity situation is carried out the blade face moisturizing in good time, and is normal to guarantee its blade, and withering without lack of water, here sign is as the criterion;
(6) container seedling management: transplant and sprayed 600--1000 times liquid thiophanate methyl or 600-800 times of liquid carbendazim in rear three days, later on every spray in 3-7 days once, the bamboo container seedling requires that sufficient moisture is arranged, moistening and the air of matrix keeps the humidity more than 90%, uses simultaneously 50-60% sunshade net to shade; Transplant after one month, the bamboo container seedling restore normal growth, apply fertilizer in good time, take foliar application with fill with root fertilizer as main, composite fertilizer solution (the N:P:K=13:5:7 of employing after dissolving, total nutrient 〉=25%) spray or impose, sprayed once in every 7 days, imposed once in every 15 days, impose and in time rinse the blade face with clear water afterwards, weaken its Nutrition Management after bamboo container seedling shoot and leaf growth is luxuriant, carries out per month composite fertilizer's solution (N:P:K=13:5:7, total nutrient 〉=25%) 1-2 time of foliage-spray 0.1%-0.2% concentration;
(7) seedling sorting and go out the garden: the bamboo container seedling is transplanted and goes out after two months the garden.
The present invention is effect such as following table compared with the prior art:
the present invention is applicable to Dendrocalamus (Dendrocalamus) as imperial bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus), Yunnan dragon bamboo (Dendrocalamus yunnanicus), the sweet imperial bamboo of Jin Pinglong bamboo (Dendrocalamus penculiaris) Bo Shi (Dendrocalamus brandisii), sinocalamus latiflorus (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), leaflet dragon bamboo (Dendrocalamus barbatus), the bamboo kinds such as Dendrocalamus sinicus (Dendrocalamus sinicus).But operating cycle is long, output is high, cost is low, and management is intensive, reduces the waste in soil, has reduced the input of labour and goods and materials.Neat with the seedling of this method cultivation in addition, easily control specification and quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Dendrocalamus (Dendrocalamus) is as imperial bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus), Yunnan dragon bamboo (Dendrocalamus yunnanicus), the sweet imperial bamboo of Jin Pinglong bamboo (Dendrocalamus penculiaris) Bo Shi (Dendrocalamus brandisii), sinocalamus latiflorus (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), leaflet dragon bamboo (Dendrocalamus barbatus), the bamboo kinds such as Dendrocalamus sinicus (Dendrocalamus sinicus) bury stalk, burying the nodal plexus seedling adopts following technical step to cut to build:
One, expand the construction in numerous garden
(1) selection of land: select traffic convenience, have abundant water resources, diversion is convenient, heat is sufficient, physical features is smooth, soil property is fertile, little sand plot of water conservation is as expanding numerous garden.
(2) selection of seedling
Select to bury then that stalk cultivates that to have two stalks or above, single stalk leading thread be 0.5-2.0 centimetre, high 60-8 centimetre, well-grown, without the plant (bamboo clump) of damage by disease and insect as maternal plant.
(3) construction season and facility are laid
Plant early stage in rainy season (annual 3-5 month), establish equipment of sprinkler irrigation in scope inside, full garden.
Two, plantation specification and method
Difference depending on the bamboo kind is arranged by 50 * (50-100) centimetres of seeding row spacings, kind of plant hole opens before the cave to open centered by the point of cave, open the cave specification grow 50 centimetres, wide 40 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres (size is all in the cave end opening) (perhaps open the cave specification grow 40 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres).
admix fertilizer as base fertilizer after, according to the size of seedling and the length of seedling stalk, returning into the shallow planting pit in kind of the kind plant hole lower right corner, plant hole soil layer central authorities edge or a lower left corner direction excavation shallow or right dark left side, the left dark right side, after the container of first holding with a firm grip gently when planting divests Seedling bag, nursery stock is leaned to along the planting pit mediad lower right corner, nodal bud on the seedling bar is parallel with the bottom surface, cave, the seedling stalk is gone up the 1-2 joint most and is exposed pool mouth, first use around fine earth jam-pack nursery stock root moist in the cave, then the cubsoil that the cave is other covers the compacting a little of seedling bar, the shovel of backfill soil deficiency returns top layer loam on every side, earthing is a little more than pool mouth, high outside and low outside.
Three, propagating materials propagation management
(1) the expansion propagating and cultivating of small diameter grade (0.7 centimetre≤d<2 centimetres) propagating materials
1. plant and plant
By 80 centimetres of seeding row spacing 200 cm x open the cave (open long 30 centimetres of cave specification, wide 30 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres, or long 35 centimetres, wide 35 centimetres, dark 25 centimetres) be every mu of plantation 416 strains, reinforcement water and fertilizer management after field planting is completed is cultivated qualified Cong Miao.
2. weeding, loosen the soil, apply fertilizer
After plantation, carry out simultaneously weeding, loosen the soil and stay the work such as ground seedling ridging according to ground, garden weed growth situation; Fill with simultaneously and execute liquid fertilizer (composite fertilizer's solution of 1%-5% concentration, N:P:K=13:5:7, total nutrient 〉=25%).
3. irrigate
Irrigate depending on the ground, garden that the soil moisture situation is irrigated.
4. pruning, truncation and short sprouting
Branches and leaves too in great numbers are in time pruned in managing and protecting process staying the ground seedling; New bamboo shoot are arranged, namely it is carried out truncation after new bamboo shoot base portion 1-4 joint sheaths of bamboo shoots leaf is about to come off or comes off, the truncation height is 50 centimetres.
5. selection and the pruning of qualified clump
Bamboo clump single pole leading thread 〉=0.8 centimetre is without Flowering Phenomenon, without damage by disease and insect; Stalk stem color turns green by greyish white; The obvious meropodium of side shoot, shoot and leaf growth is good, and bamboo shoot phenomenon that root and stem of certain plants section is acomia can be carried out plant division and transplant this moment; To many bars seedling (containing two bars) when getting the seedling plant division in good time, before getting seedling 3-4 days to confirming that the nursery stock that meets the plant division condition prunes, the unnecessary side shoot that prunes away (in the 3rd successively the middle part cut off), the band leaf sprig that the every joint of mother culm keeps side shoot 1-2.
(2) being with the root and stem of certain plants to bury stalk grows seedlings
1. the selection of female bamboo
When the plant top tip is bent downwardly, and the sheaths of bamboo shoots leaf of side shoot base portion 2-4 joint come off fully after and its leading thread namely can be used as greater than the seedlings of 2 centimetres and bury the female bamboo of stalk.
2. prune, bury bar
Cut out 1-3 centimetre wide according to burying the bar direction in its base portion apart from ground 5-10 centimeters, the breach in dark 2/3 stalk footpath, and it is overwhelmed, the side shoot part prunes away; Prune good after, dig out the stalk groove according to plant length and side shoot size plant be depressed in groove to the breach direction, abundant earthing, thickness of earth-fill cover is 5-10 centimetre, master branch head portion bassets.
3. water and fertilizer management
After burying bar 10-20 days, carry out the fertilising of root and stem of certain plants section to burying the stalk plant, carry out per month 1 root and impose liquid fertilizer.Simultaneously, water and weeding depending on ground, garden situation; After bamboo shoot send out in bar section, new plant is carried out truncation (highly being 60-70 centimetre) and prunes in good time.
4. selection and the pruning of qualified clump
After the bamboo seedling rooting, for bamboo clump single pole leading thread 〉=0.8 centimetre, without Flowering Phenomenon, without damage by disease and insect; Stalk stem color turns green by greyish white; The obvious meropodium of side shoot, shoot and leaf growth is good, bamboo shoot phenomenon that root and stem of certain plants section is acomia, carry out plant division and transplant; To many bars seedling (containing two bars) when getting the seedling plant division in good time, before getting seedling 3-4 days to confirming that the nursery stock that meets the plant division condition prunes, the unnecessary side shoot that prunes away (in the 3rd successively the middle part cut off), the band leaf sprig that the every joint of mother culm keeps side shoot 1-2.
(3) cutting of qualified upper bag material
In cloudy day or period (morning 7:00-10:00 sooner or later, evening 16:00-18:00) get seedling, excavate place soil with hoe in the qualified clump of both sides of choosing, with chisel, the place soil at tie point place is pushed aside again, expose tie point, find accurately and chisel is placed on after tie point the tie point place, knock the disposable cut-out of trying one's best with mallet; Determine that tie point has cut off the rear root system sliding trackle that will disperse in surrounding with chisel, guarantee to be with place soil, after root system cuts off fully, with chisel, Miao Lian place soil is levered up, be placed on shady and cool, lee and get final product.
(4) container is transplanted
Get to complete in 1 hour after seedling and transplant upper bag.Section is big or small according to the plant root and stem of certain plants, selects to be fit to the container for plant growth of model; The 3-4 centimetre high matrix of first packing in nutritive cube is native, then the bamboo seedling that takes out is put into a glass center, makes root system in order along the wall of cup surrounding; Then the matrix of packing into soil to three/two positions compacting gently, then with the matrix earthen backfill to apart from nutritive cube mouth 1-2 centimeters.
(5) water normal root water
Container seedling is transplanted the complete water of should in time drenching, and Nutrition Soil is fully permeated, and optic lobe surface humidity situation is carried out the blade face moisturizing in good time, and is normal to guarantee its blade, and withering without lack of water, here sign is as the criterion.
(6) container seedling management
Transplant and to spray 600--1000 times liquid thiophanate methyl or 600-800 times of liquid carbendazim in rear three days, later on every spray in 3-7 days once.The bamboo container seedling requires that sufficient moisture is arranged, and the moistening and air of matrix will keep the humidity more than 90%.Also to utilize simultaneously 50-60% sunshade net to shelter from heat or light; Transplant after one month, the bamboo container seedling restore normal growth, and applies fertilizer in good time, and fertilizing method is take foliar application and fill with two kinds of methods of root fertilizer as main, and the principle that a small amount of duty is executed is followed in fertilising.The composite fertilizer solution (N:P:K=13:5:7, total nutrient 〉=25%) of employing after dissolving sprays or imposes, apply fertilizer in the morning 7:00-9:00 or evening 17:00-19:00 carry out.Leaf surface spraying concentration is advisable with 0.1%-0.2%, sprays once in every 7 days; Impose concentration and be advisable with 0.3%-0.7%, imposed once in every 15 days, impose rear requirement and in time rinse the blade face with clear water.Weaken its Nutrition Management after bamboo container seedling shoot and leaf growth is luxuriant, composite fertilizer's solution of foliage-spray 0.1%-0.2% concentration (N:P:K=13:5:7, total nutrient 〉=25%) is 1-2 time per month.
(7) seedling sorting and go out the garden
The bamboo container seedling is transplanted after two months, should in time remove dead seedling, and with same bamboo kind polishing, reclaim simultaneously the nutritive cube of nursery stock in heaven.By company's regulation outplanting regulation, one-level seedling and secondary seedling can go out the garden, and three grades of seedlings continue on for gathering after-culture and the plantation in garden.