CN103988649A - Rapid propagation seedling growing method for large leaf tea tree - Google Patents
Rapid propagation seedling growing method for large leaf tea tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid propagation seedling growing method for a large leaf tea tree. The method comprises the following steps of seedbed building, cutting branch treatment, cutting, nursery bed management and nursery bed finishing. According to the rapid propagation seedling growing method for the large leaf tea tree, the problems of slow rooting, late and weak sprouting, and low sprout rate and transplanting survival rate of traditional seedling growing, seedling combination and seedling breeding are solved, the seedling growth is promoted, and the method can be particularly used for rapid propagation seedling growing of a British red nine red tea tree. According to the method, rapid propagation seedling growing of the British red nine red tea tree can be performed, the sprouting rate reaches 95 percent to 100 percent, the transplanting survival rate is high, and the method has the direct significance in solving the problems that if the wintering British red nine red tea is directly planted, the survival rate is low, sprouts are insufficient, and therefore production is affected and has the important reference value in storage and expanding propagation of excellent sprouts of the British red nine red tea.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant fast propagation culture technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method of large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation.
Background technology
Along with Yingde City, Guangdong Province is named as " township of China black tea " and " Yingteh graded black tea ", obtain the protection of national geography famous special product, Yingteh graded black tea price was constantly soaring in recent years, and particularly high-quality black tea---No. nine supply falls short of demand for Ying Hong.Red No. nine kinds of English are that Tea Inst., Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences adopts individual plant selection method to be bred as from Yunnan large-leaf seed tea colony, its bud-leaf fertility is strong, output is high, especially suitable black tea processed, excellent quality, soup look red gorgeous, fragrance is quiet and beautiful as orchid, flavour is fresh dense, liked by consumers in general.But this kind is little at Ying De district popularizing planting area at present, be difficult to meet the market demand day by day increasing, therefore, expanding rapidly red No. nine cultivated areas of English and going into operation is fast the key addressing this problem.Red No. nine cuttage seeding of English, the production cycle is long, and Cultivate administration difficulty is larger, and traditional cuttage seeding seedlings root is undeveloped, more withered than being easier to because of dehydration, affects survival rate.In addition also there is the cultivated area that adopts the method for Grafting kind to expand red No. nine of English in old tea place, obtained certain effect, but owing to there being certain technical difficulty, operation inconvenience, cannot realize scale.
Plant fast propagation technology is for plant propagation, to create the environment such as the most suitable temperature, light, water, gas, nutrition, hormone, the physiological potential of performance plant maximum, the gene of taking root of plant is expressed as early as possible, thereby realize the Rapid Rooting of plant, and can carry out many generation circulations by the mode with Miao Fanmiao, form and there is in a large number a kind of novel plant fast breeding technique of cultivating the business seedling being worth.It is not tissue culture technique, but essence is the principle that conjunctive tissue is cultivated fast breeding technique, and traditional cuttage technique is transformed.
Tea bush trimmer is the key technology of cultivating tree crown, rejuvenating tree vigo(u)r.According to cultivation management needs, people changes the original self-sow branching habit of tea tree for wiping out part branch, by pruning the economic age of supporting fluffy prolongation tea tree, thereby reaches lasting high-quality, highly efficient and productive object.For a long time, people only pay close attention to pruning itself, for the branch of pruning, but seldom make inquiries, and a large amount of tea bush trimmer branches can only be discarded in tea place, even becomes pollutant.
Utilize tea bush trimmer branch to carry out vegetative propagation as cuttings and can realize the value that turns waste into wealth, accelerates stock breeding popularization.Single node cutting, as one of the strongest technical propagation method in tea tree vegetative propagation, has now become the conventional method that domestic Ge Cha district carries out tea tree seedling breeding.
But existing single node cutting technology, need to carry out special management and cultivation to fringe source.Conventionally will select tea place that growing way is vigorous as Mu Sui garden, special management is carried out in Bing Duimusui garden, mainly comprises: 1, provide fringe Yuan Musui garden will strengthen fertilising to make elite stand produce the strong young sprout of meristematic capacity; The pruning degree of 2, supporting fringe elite stand is attached most importance to compared with picking leaves tea tree; 3, in order to promote to stay foster Shoot hardeding, put aside more nutriment, and make that axillalry bud is full to be expanded, generally in beta pruning first half of the month, pinch, pluck the tender shoots leaf on top; 4, to elite stand prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time, in young sprout elongation process, to note especially controlling the harm of smaller green leaf hopper, mite class.Part seedling breeding unit must build specially and adopt fringe maternal plant garden for this reason, has greatly increased construction cost and administrative expenses.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming that overcomes prior art is with not enough, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly save manpower, meet the needs of growing seedlings in the anniversary, improve the large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method of Quality of Seedlings and production efficiency.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) seedbed is set up: select red soil field to do nursery, smooth furrow face, at furrow face upper berth lid layer red soil cubsoil, strikes off rear compacting as seedbed, then above nursery, set up the frame that shelters from heat or light;
Red soil field preferred water source is sufficient, irrigation and drainage are convenient, 1 meter of subterranean water level is following, soil structure is good, soil is acid or slightly acidic red soil field;
Preferably, the bedding thickness of described red soil cubsoil is 7～10cm; The height of the described frame that shelters from heat or light is 1.8～2.0m, and the rate of sheltering from heat or light of the frame that shelters from heat or light is 70%, and the material that shelters from heat or light of the frame that shelters from heat or light is preferably used black sunshade net;
(2) cuttage branch is processed: collect the branch of tea place autumn and winter management discarded large leaf tea tree after pruning, select healthy and strong branch, cut off cloudy branch, then be cut into the branch of long 20～25cm, clip directive to identical, obtains the cuttings for rapid seedling cultivation with leaf;
Preferably, described large leaf tea tree is red No. nine tea trees of English;
(3) cuttage: first seedbed is fully squirted before cuttage, the lower clip tangent plane of the described cuttings of step (2) is bedewed in the short root guard agent solution of plant, again by cuttage specification cuttings straight cutting or 45 ° of oblique cuttings in seedbed, insertion depth is 3～5 centimetres, expose blade, in the time of insertion by the red soil cubsoil matrix compacting of cuttings surrounding; The photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of cuttings 60～120 times of trickle and spray dilutions immediately after being all plugged, then cover and seal with white plastic film, in order to moisture-heat preservation;
Preferably, the soil activating agent solution that the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution that the short root guard agent solution of described plant is 120 times of dilutions or dilution are 60 times;
Preferably, described cuttage specification is line-spacing 10～12cm, spacing in the rows 6～8cm, and with blade overlapping being advisable not, mu is inserted can reach 4～60,000 strains;
If cuttings adopts nutritious bag to grow seedlings, can effectively improve transplanting survival rate;
Cuttage is not subject to seasonal restriction, and the anniversary all can carry out; Especially autumn and winter cuttage can be after tea place stops adopting, carried out, from January September to next year, all cuttage can be carried out;
(4) nursery bed management: cuttings is plugged in latter 120 days regularly carries out seedling management, specifically comprises following operation:
(a) cuttage was poured water to seedbed after 7 days, kept ground moistening in seedbed, need not open white plastic film;
(b) cuttage, after 30 days, is raised white plastic film and is carried out uprooting weed, extracts bud, and trickle also sprays the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution that dilutes 120 times, then again white plastic film is covered to sealing;
(c) cuttage is after 50 days, and reopened white plastic film carries out uprooting weed, extracts bud, and trickle also sprays the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution that dilutes 120 times, then again white plastic film is covered to sealing;
(d) cuttage, after 60 days, is raised white plastic film and is sprayed the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of 60～120 times of dilutions and dilute the soil activating agent solution of 60～120 times, then again white plastic film is covered to sealing;
(e) cuttage is after 90 days, raises white plastic film two ends and carries out ventilatively, after ventilative one week, white plastic film all raised, and applies fertilizer for the first time, once every fertilising in 7 days later; Described fertilising fertilizer used is the urea of mass fraction 0.1%～0.5%.
(5) go out garden: hardening is carried out in cuttings cuttage after 120 days, when tea tree height of seedling 30～45cm of becoming until the cuttings chief is above, can go out garden.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1) large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method of the present invention, tea tree branch discarded after selecting tea place to prune is recycled as cuttage material, need not extra charge, and the elite stand cuttage fringe bar cost per kilogram of the Sino-British red No. nine kind concrete managements of prior art reaches more than 80 yuan, therefore seedling-cultivating method of the present invention can reduce Financial cost and management cost, save a large amount of manpowers, reduce labour intensity.
(2) large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method of the present invention can promote growth of seedling, especially can be used for the rapid seedling cultivation of No. nine tea trees of Ying Hong.After employing the inventive method, the planting percent of red No. nine rapid seedling cultivations of English reaches 95%～100%, and it is high that survival rate is moved, planted to seedling; Emergence rate is fast, and conventional short fringe is grown seedlings needed for 1 year, and long cladus bar just can go out garden for 120 days, shortens growing-seedling period; On solve survive the winter after large leaf tea especially the direct plantation survival rate problem low and that the not enough impact of seedling is produced of red No. nine of English there is direct meaning, to the preservation of red No. nine good seeds of English with expand numerous important reference value that has.
(3) large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method of the present invention technological operation is simple, and hand labor intensity is little, has the prospect of large-scale promotion application.
(4) large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method versatility of the present invention is good, except the rapid seedling cultivation of large leaf tea tree, also can be applied to the rapid seedling cultivation of other commodity trees.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
In the embodiment of the present invention, what soil activating agent adopted is " day imperial green rich microbial inoculum " serial soil activating agent that Fugang County heaven and earth biotechnology Co., Ltd produces, what photosynthetic bacteria agent adopted is " day imperial green rich microbial inoculum " serial photosynthetic bacteria agent that Fugang County heaven and earth biotechnology Co., Ltd produces, and what the hydromining of taking root was used is the platform board plant establishment water that chemical plant, Taishan City produces.Experimental field be positioned at Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and drink Institute of Zoology Germany and Britain base, test region height above sea level 40m, year amount of falling 1138mm, average annual rainfall number of days 158 days.
Embodiment 1
A large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(1) seedbed is set up: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and below subterranean water level 1m, soil structure is good, and soil is acidity or nursery is done in slightly acidic red soil field; Smooth furrow face, then the red soil cubsoil of bedding 7～10cm thereon, strike off slightly compacting; Scaffolding shades, and adopts the high canopy of 1.8～2m, and the material that shelters from heat or light adopts black sunshade net, and the rate of shading is 75%;
(2) cutting time: after tea place stops adopting, monthlyly carry out autumn and winter cuttage from September to next year 1;
(3) cuttage material selection: adopt the management of tea place autumn and winter to the pruning branch producing after red No. nine tea bush trimmers of English, select wherein healthy and strong skill, discard cloudy branch as tea cutting branch;
(4) cuttage branch is processed: by selected tea cutting branch, be cut into the cuttings of long 20～25cm, clip must be smoothly without explosion, and clip directive, and is stained with clip tangent plane under cuttings once and can be carried out cuttage in the dilution soil activating agent liquor middling speed of 60 times to identical with leaf;
(5) cuttage specification: line-spacing 10～12cm, spacing in the rows is 6～8cm, and with blade overlapping being advisable not, mu is inserted 4～60,000 strains.The nutritional bag that adopts with good conditionsi, favourable raising transplanting survival rate;
(6) cottage method: before cuttage, first seedbed is fully squirted, until slightly dry and after not touching with one's hand, during cuttings straight cutting or 45 ° of oblique cuttings are buried 2～3 centimetres, expose blade, limit insert edge is soil compacting a little, and trickle spray the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of 60～120 times of dilutions immediately after inserting, covers sealing with moisture-heat preservation with white plastic film;
(7) nursery bed management: nursery bed management concrete operations are as follows:
A, cuttage were poured water once about 7 days, kept ground moistening, need not open white plastic film;
B, cuttage are lifted film uprooting weed, are extractd bud after 30 days, trickle and spray the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of 60～120 times of dilutions after film is covered again;
C, cuttage are lifted film uprooting weed, are extractd bud after 50 days, trickle and spray the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of 60～120 times of dilutions after film is covered again;
D, cuttage, after 60 days, are raised white plastic film and are sprayed the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of 60～120 times of dilutions and dilute the soil activating agent solution of 60～120 times, then again white plastic film are covered to sealing;
E, cuttage are after 90 days, start to raise white plastic film two ends, after one week, can all raise, start to apply for the first time the urea of mass fraction 0.1%～0.5%, once every 7 days with mass fraction 0.1%～0.5% urea fertilising later, after topdressing, notice that trickle cleans tea shoot, in order to avoid cause that tea shoot burns at every turn;
(8) go out garden: cuttage is after 120 days, and hardening can go out garden when height of seedling 30～45cm is above;
After cuttage, add up survival rate and the rooting rate of cuttings.
Comparative example 1
The seedling-cultivating method of a kind of large leaf tea tree, implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is: when step (4) cuttage branch is processed, tea cutting branch is not cut into the cuttings of long 20～25cm, but employing conventional process, tea cutting branch is cut into the cuttings of long 3～4cm, and on a short stem, there is the blade of a full axillalry bud and a slice stalwartness.
After cuttage, add up survival rate and the rooting rate of cuttings.
Comparative example 2
A seedling-cultivating method for large leaf tea tree, implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is: step (1) top layer, seedbed is bedding red soil cubsoil not, directly cuttings cuttage is arrived in the local general soil in nursery.
After cuttage, add up survival rate and the rooting rate of cuttings.
Comparative example 3
A seedling-cultivating method for large leaf tea tree, implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is: in step (6) cottage method, trickle also sprays after photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution, does not carry out white plastic film and covers sealing, cuttings open-air rearing.
After cuttage, add up survival rate and the rooting rate of cuttings.
Comparative example 4
A seedling-cultivating method for large leaf tea tree, implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is:
1, step (6) cottage method is operating as: before cuttage, first seedbed is fully squirted, until slightly dry and after not touching with one's hand, during cuttings straight cutting or 45 ° of oblique cuttings are buried 2～3 centimetres, expose blade, limit insert edge is soil compacting a little, and trickle immediately after inserting, covers sealing with moisture-heat preservation with white plastic film;
2, step (7) nursery bed management is operating as:
A, cuttage were poured water once about 7 days, kept ground moistening, need not open white plastic film;
B, cuttage are lifted film uprooting weed, are extractd bud after 30 days, after trickle, film is covered again;
C, cuttage are lifted film uprooting weed, are extractd bud after 50 days, after trickle, film is covered again;
D, cuttage, after 60 days, are raised after white plastic film trickle, again white plastic film are covered to sealing;
E, cuttage, after 90 days, start to raise white plastic film two ends, after one week, can all raise, and start fertilising for the first time, every 7 days with 0.1%～0.5% urea fertilising once, notice that trickle cleans tea shoot after topdressing later at every turn, in order to avoid cause that tea shoot burns.
After cuttage, add up survival rate and the rooting rate of cuttings.
Comparative example 5
A seedling-cultivating method for large leaf tea tree,, implementation step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is:
(a) step (1) selects yellow ground loam or the red soil of slant acidity to do nursery;
(b) when step (4) cuttage branch is processed, tea cutting branch is not cut into the cuttings of long 20～25cm, but employing conventional process is cut into tea cutting branch the cuttings of long 3～4cm, and on a short stem, there is the blade of a full axillalry bud and a slice stalwartness;
(c) when step (4) cuttage branch is processed, clip tangent plane under cuttings is stained with to cuttage at once in the aqueous solution middling speed of taking root of 1500 times of dilutions, rather than clip tangent plane under cuttings is stained with in the soil activating agent liquor middling speed of 60 times of dilutions.
After cuttage, add up survival rate and the rooting rate of cuttings.
Cuttings survival rate and the rooting rate statistics of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1-5 are as shown in table 1:
Survival rate and the rooting rate of Sino-British red No. nine cuttings of the different cottage methods of table 1
From table 1 interpretation of result, adopt seedling-cultivating method of the present invention comparatively obvious to the facilitation of the survival rate of red No. nine tea seedlings of English and rooting rate, compared significant progressive with comparative example.Hence one can see that, seedling-cultivating method of the present invention by soil matrix, scaffolding shade, cuttings pre-treatment and to adopt film to cover the measures such as sealing, moisturizing insulation be that red No. nine cuttings of English are grown seedlings and created more adapt circumstance, can promote growth of seedling, impel propagating materials to take root, improve survival rate and rooting rate, thereby this technology has the prospect of applying in various plants expansion is numerous.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) seedbed is set up: select red soil field to do nursery, smooth furrow face, at furrow face upper berth lid layer red soil cubsoil, strikes off rear pressing as seedbed, then above nursery, set up the frame that shelters from heat or light;
(2) cuttage branch is processed: collect the branch of tea place autumn and winter management discarded large leaf tea tree after pruning, select healthy and strong branch, cut off cloudy branch, then be cut into the branch of long 20～25cm, clip directive to identical, obtains the cuttings for rapid seedling cultivation with leaf;
(3) cuttage: first seedbed is fully squirted before cuttage, the lower clip tangent plane of the described cuttings of step (2) is bedewed in the short root guard agent solution of plant, again by cuttage specification cuttings straight cutting or 45 ° of oblique cuttings in the described seedbed of step (1), insertion depth is 3～5 centimetres, expose blade, in the time of insertion by the red soil cubsoil compacting of cuttings surrounding; The photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of cuttings 60～120 times of trickle and spray dilutions immediately after being all plugged, then cover and seal with white plastic film;
(4) nursery bed management: cuttings is plugged regularly carries out seedling management in latter 120 days;
(5) go out garden: hardening is carried out in cuttings cuttage after 120 days, when tea tree height of seedling 30～45cm of becoming until the cuttings chief is above, can go out garden.
2. a kind of large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described large leaf tea tree of step (2) is red No. nine tea trees of English.
3. a kind of large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bedding thickness of the described red soil cubsoil of step (1) is 7～10cm; The height of frame of sheltering from heat or light described in step (1) is 1.8～2.0m, and the rate of sheltering from heat or light of the frame that shelters from heat or light is 70%.
4. a kind of large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the soil activating agent solution that the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution that the short root guard agent solution of the described plant of step (3) is 60～120 times of dilutions or dilution are 60～120 times.
5. a kind of large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described cuttage specification of step (3) is line-spacing 10～12cm, spacing in the rows 6～8cm.
6. a kind of large leaf tea tree rapid seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described nursery bed management of step (4) comprises following operation:
(a) cuttage was poured water to seedbed after 7 days, kept ground moistening in seedbed, need not open white plastic film;
(b) cuttage, after 30 days, is raised white plastic film and is carried out uprooting weed, extracts bud, and trickle also sprays the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution that dilutes 120 times, then again white plastic film is covered to sealing;
(c) cuttage is after 50 days, and reopened white plastic film carries out uprooting weed, extracts bud, and trickle also sprays the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution that dilutes 120 times, then again white plastic film is covered to sealing;
(d) cuttage, after 60 days, is raised white plastic film and is sprayed the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum solution of 60～120 times of dilutions and dilute the soil activating agent solution of 60～120 times, then again white plastic film is covered to sealing;
(e) cuttage is after 90 days, raises white plastic film two ends and carries out ventilatively, after ventilative one week, white plastic film all raised, and applies fertilizer for the first time, once every fertilising in 7 days later; Described fertilising fertilizer used is the urea of mass fraction 0.1%～0.5%.
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| CN104620825A (en) * | 2015-02-08 | 2015-05-20 | 长沙端香农业科技有限公司 | Tree tea asexual cuttage propagation seedling growing technology |
| CN105900621A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-31 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method of intercropping middle chickens in perennial tea garden to improve tea garden benefits |
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| CN107047189A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 泾县汀溪兰香茶业开发有限公司 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of tea tree |
| CN107125093A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-05 | 金平蝶艺茗韵生态产业贸易有限公司 | Wild ancient tea tree domestication's breeding method |
| CN106993463A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-01 | 合肥慧明瀚生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the yellow bud in Huoshan |
| CN108575518A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-28 | 于明根 | The cultural method of Pu'er tea tree of area surroundings suitable for Zhejiang |
| CN109041837A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-21 | 江西省遂川县狗牯脑茶厂 | Tea tree single node cutting breeding method |
| CN109328839A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Yellow tea cuttage breeding method |
| CN109328839B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-07-06 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Cutting propagation method of etiolated tea |
| CN109699431A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-03 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | The preparation method of yellow or albino tea tree potted landscape |
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