CN105145232A - Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs - Google Patents
Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs Download PDFInfo
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- CN105145232A CN105145232A CN201510458531.XA CN201510458531A CN105145232A CN 105145232 A CN105145232 A CN 105145232A CN 201510458531 A CN201510458531 A CN 201510458531A CN 105145232 A CN105145232 A CN 105145232A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
Abstract
The invention relates to an excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree pruning. The method comprises the following steps of flattening the land, ridging, determining rational fixed plantation density, fixedly planting seedlings, selecting two strong branches or strong buds at the height of 1.2 to 1.3m of the main trunk to be cultured main branches growing in an opposite direction and forming two base corners with an included angle of 45 degrees, building a labor-saving forming rack. For the fixed plantation density, 3 meters of line space and 4 meters of plant distance are proper; a cross beam with the length of 2m is horizontally arranged on the upper end of a stand column with the height of 1.8m on the ground; three stay wires are arranged on each side of the cross beam; and a main stay wire is mounted in a position on the stand column and 30cm under the cross beam to form a rack surface. The excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs is advantaged by simple trimming, fast formation, early fruiting, great quality, convenient management, labor reduction and ventilation as well as light transmitting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dimension stereo agriculture planting method, be specifically related to a kind of fig high-quality Labor-saving form culture method.
Background technology
Fig originates in mediterranean country, is the most ancient in the world one of to cultivate apple trees, just imports China into as far back as Han dynasty.Primary growth in Shandong, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Yunnan.Fig is the hypanthodium being expanded by holder and formed, and little Hua is hidden in holder, and people can only see the pseudocarp that holder is formed, and can't see flower, therefore be called " fig ", is perennial deciduous fruit tree.Fig fruiting period is longer, has Xia Guohe autumn fruit.The strong adaptability of fig, requires tight to soil, temperature is not less than ~ environment of 12 DEG C in, all can normal growth, in the cold season of northern China, take cold-proof heat insulation measure, also can plant.Drought-enduring, resistance to shade, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, have the advantage of fast-growing, early bearing, high yield.Fig contains the compositions such as higher fructose, tartaric acid, protein, vitamin, has the effects such as nourishing, ease constipation, appetizing, lactagogue.
The modes of reproduction of fig has multiple, generally adopts cottage propagation more, all can cuttage in 1 year most month, and survival rate is high.In prior art, the pruning of fig generally adopts many major branches natural open centre shape training type, and complete stool retains 3 ~ 5 major branches, does not stay side shoot, branch group direct raw on major branch.During treelet, emphasis does a good job of it cultivation major branch, and notes raising major branch angle, promotes multiple branch, reaches the object expanding rapidly tree crown.Enter just fruit after date, do a good job of it many cultivation branch groups, to promote to form certain output.Note during the full bearing period cultivating skeleton branch, upgrade big-and-middle-sized branch group and cut the weak branch group of contracting.Old and feeble or damage by disease and insect is serious to tree vigo(u)r, descendant or kryptoblast that base portion or branch send can be utilized, again cultivate major branch and branch group.Fig starts from mid-July, ripe to November successively.The harvesting of fig generally should be carried out in the morning of fine day or at dusk, sees that mature fruit top has an aperture crack, when the color and luster of intrinsic kind (many dividend, yellow kind) appears in pericarp, plucks.Not storage tolerance and transport after overdone Fruit.
Existing trimming method is more complicated, slowly shaping, and tree height is large, and management and harvesting inconvenience, easily produce freeze injury.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of fig high-quality Labor-saving form culture method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of fig high-quality Labor-saving form culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) frame is built: build the posture adapting to Labor-saving shaping, line-spacing is 3m, select the cement post that 2.3m is high, specification is 0.12m × 0.06m, cement post is buried in the earth 0.5m, it is the cross-arm of 2m that the column upper end level that 1.8m is high on the ground sets up 1 length, the material of cross-arm is angle bar, cross-arm both sides are drawn respectively with No. 12 galvanized wires and are established 3 road bracing wires, spacing is 0.3m successively, and under cross-arm 30cm position column on to draw with No. 10 galvanized wires and establish one main drawing line, jointly form frame face.
(2) field planting: mid or late March field planting, spacing in the rows is 4m, line-spacing is 3m, select suitable fig nursery stock, require that nursery stock is healthy and strong, branch is healthy and strong, tissue enriches, degree of lignification is high, trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system and complete, main root reaches 30cm, there are more side root and fibrous root, root system is without splitting, there is the bud of complete stalwartness, nursery stock has no mechanical damage, without damage by disease and insect, possess exuberant vitality, root system 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 700 times of liquid disinfectants before field planting, stem 3 ~ 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sterilized, shoot root is placed on field planting row field planting point, nursery stock is held up directly, root is made in order rear earthing and having peace of mind, water permeable, trunk stays 2 ~ 3 full bud cutting backs, root week uses black plastic mulching, water conservation moisturizing.
(3) pruning: transplanting stock germinate after, stay the most healthy and the strongest young sprout of 1 root growth upwards grown cultures become center do, all the other buds are erased, when young sprout grows to 30cm, near transplanting stock vertically insert 1 bamboo pole, young sprout is fixed on bamboo pole; Young sprout grows into and carries out pinching apart from during the height 1.2-1.3m of ground, 2 buds are retained after germinateing in top, make 2 buds and level be 45 ° of inclination angles upwards grown cultures become major branch, 2 reverse levels of major branch lure and cause on main drawing line by First Year autumn Mo direct motion direction, side shoot when winter cuts on major branch stays base portion 2 bud cutting backs, as the bearing basal shoot in the coming year, fruit bearing shoot homonymy spacing remains on 20 ~ 30cm.An outer lateral bud culture is stayed to be fruit bearing shoot after the rudiment of Second Year bearing basal shoot, on cross-arm, first iron wire (iron wire nearest apart from column) lures derivation long, and flatten on second and the 3rd road iron wire, after the complete leaf abscission of picking fruit, winter cuts and still stays base portion 2 bud cutting backs to cut down except branch, utilize innovation result outside the coming year, annual renewal pruning all as stated above later, fig shoot tissue loosens, clip indolence, winter cuts rear clip next section of branch that often make and dries up, affect the growth of clip bud, therefore all cutting saw kerf and should smear wood glue or other protectants greatly, sprig then can suitably improve cutting back position.
Also comprise before field planting and dig field planting ditch, making ridge: the field planting ditch excavating wide 60cm ~ 80cm, dark 40cm in field planting row, first insert 1500kg straw or weeds for every mu, after inserting straw or weeds, cover native about the 10cm of table, more every mu is executed chicken manure 2000kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25kg mixes with soil, fills out while having peace of mind, when banketing to overhead 10cm, cover subsoil and pile low higher than 15cm both sides, face, ridge in the middle of the high field planting row in full shape.
Also comprise rich water quality management: when water capacity lower than 20% time, must pour water, watering time mainly the budding period, Fruit and Drought in Autumn time;
Fig base manure applies in conjunction with winter ploughing before and after fallen leaves, method is locating from trunk about 50cm, about 10 kilograms, the miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed in strain, topdress with before young sprout ramp and holder fruit expanding stage split application is as well rapidly, the ratio of the azophoska that fig is executed is 1: 2: 2, should note water drainage rainy season.
After branch cuts down and removes on plant colligation straw or antifreeze cloth cold-proof, remove straw or antifreeze cloth during rudiment next spring.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: of the present invention tree-like have prune easy, fast, the result of being shaped morning, quality better, convenient management, save labor, the advantages such as ventilation and penetrating light.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the end perspective view of the present invention's one group of frame.
In accompanying drawing, 1 is column; 2 is cross-arm; 3 is main drawing line; 4 is cross-arm guy; 5 is trunk; 6 is major branch; 7 is winter pruning position; 8 is branch bondage in summer position.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
The enforcement time: 2011 ~ 2014
Implement place: white rabbit town, Jurong City Bai Zhishan Ecological Orchard
(1), instantiation is implemented:
Select kind: pornographic disc fig;
(2) implementation method:
Comprise:
(1) field is selected, and levels land: select soil layer to loosen deep, the soil that the content of organic matter is high.Optimum pH 5.5 ~ 7.5.Land readjustment is good for subsequent use.
(2) frame is built: build the posture adapting to Labor-saving shaping, line-spacing is 3m, select the cement post that 2.3m is high, specification is 0.12m × 0.06m, cement post is buried in the earth 0.5m, it is the cross-arm of 2m that the column upper end level that 1.8m is high on the ground sets up 1 length, the material of cross-arm is angle bar, cross-arm both sides are drawn respectively with No. 12 galvanized wires and are established 3 road bracing wires, spacing is 0.3m successively, and under cross-arm 30cm position column on to draw with No. 10 galvanized wires and establish one main drawing line, jointly form frame face.
(3) field planting ditch is dug, making ridge: the field planting ditch excavating wide 60cm ~ 80cm, dark 40cm in field planting row, first insert 1500kg straw or weeds for every mu, after inserting straw or weeds, cover native about the 10cm of table, more every mu is executed chicken manure 2000kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25kg mixes with soil, fills out while having peace of mind, when banketing to overhead 10cm, cover subsoil and pile low higher than 15cm both sides, face, ridge in the middle of the high field planting row in full shape.
(4) field planting: mid or late March field planting, spacing in the rows is 4m, line-spacing is 3m, selects suitable fig nursery stock, requires that nursery stock is healthy and strong, branch is healthy and strong, tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high, and trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system and complete, main root reaches 30cm, and have more side root and fibrous root, root system is without splitting, there is the bud of complete stalwartness, nursery stock has no mechanical damage, and without damage by disease and insect, possesses exuberant vitality, root system 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 700 times of liquid disinfectants before field planting, stem 3 ~ 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sterilized.
Be placed on by shoot root on field planting row field planting point, held up by nursery stock directly, root is made in order rear earthing and having peace of mind, water permeable, trunk stays 2 ~ 3 full bud cutting backs, and root week uses black plastic mulching, water conservation moisturizing.
(5) rich water quality management: when water capacity lower than 20% time, must pour water.The method such as pouring, tubule short stream, drip irrigation can be adopted.Watering time mainly the budding period, Fruit and Drought in Autumn time.
Fig base manure applies in conjunction with winter ploughing before and after fallen leaves.Method is locating from trunk about 50cm, and about 10 kilograms, the miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed in strain.Topdress with before young sprout ramp and holder fruit expanding stage split application is as well rapidly.Fig is the fruit tree of more resistance to fertilizer, but should lay particular stress on and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and the ratio of general N P and K is 1: 2: 2.Fig is more to water demand in fruit expanding period, but should note water drainage rainy season.
(6) pruning: transplanting stock germinate after, stay the most healthy and the strongest young sprout of 1 root growth upwards grown cultures become center do, all the other buds are erased, when young sprout grows to 30cm, near transplanting stock vertically insert 1 bamboo pole, young sprout is fixed on bamboo pole; Young sprout grows into and carries out pinching apart from during the height 1.2-1.3m of ground, 2 buds are retained after germinateing in top, make 2 buds and level be 45 ° of inclination angles upwards grown cultures become major branch, 2 reverse levels of major branch lure and cause on main drawing line by First Year autumn Mo direct motion direction, side shoot when winter cuts on major branch stays base portion 2 bud cutting backs, as the bearing basal shoot in the coming year, fruit bearing shoot homonymy spacing remains on 20 ~ 30cm.An outer lateral bud culture is stayed to be fruit bearing shoot after the rudiment of Second Year bearing basal shoot, on cross-arm, first iron wire (iron wire nearest apart from column) lures derivation long, and flatten on second and the 3rd road iron wire, after the complete leaf abscission of picking fruit, winter cuts and still stays base portion 2 bud cutting backs to cut down except branch, utilize innovation result outside the coming year, annual renewal pruning all as stated above later, fig shoot tissue loosens, clip indolence, winter cuts rear clip next section of branch that often make and dries up, affect the growth of clip bud, therefore all cutting saw kerf and should smear wood glue or other protectants greatly, sprig then can suitably improve cutting back position.
(7) gather: the fig maturing stage is longer, fruit is gradually ripe in summer and autumn, should gather in batches.Generally should carry out in the morning of fine day or at dusk, abundant mellow fruit, top aperture is crack, and on crust, reticulate pattern is obvious, and local flavor is best, but not storage tolerance.The fruit of market marketing fresh should harvest in advance.The many juices of fig fruit, Long Term Contact easily causes scytitis, need wear silica-gel gloves operation during frequent fruit picking.
(8) to survive the winter protection: the warm slightly dry weather of fig happiness, cold hardiness is low, and during the cultivation of Temperate Region in China, limb often subjects to freeze, the treelet that especially life in 5 years is following, winter subzero 16 ~ 18 DEG C of chance low temperature time, have the danger that complete stool freezes to death.After branch cuts down and removes on plant colligation straw or antifreeze cloth cold-proof, remove straw or antifreeze cloth during rudiment next spring.
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: the less generation damage by disease and insect of fig.Interim at fruit growth, distributing special odor towards periphery easily causes mulberry field ox harm; Fruit is subject to bird pest time ripe.Catch mulberry field ox except manually to flutter, drive outside birds, can manually or medicine deinsectization ovum.Also can tie up plastic color strip insertion field by scarecrow and drive birds.
(3) implementation result
Conventional cultivation and many major branches natural open centre shape training type are compared.Carry out growth quantitative statistics with winter in the coming year then respectively at field planting, table 1 is found out, amount of growth is comparatively remarkable compared with the control.
Table 1: increment inventory table
As shown in Table 2, the fig of cultivating under this cultivation method, the maturing stage, apparently higher than contrast on single fruit weight, soluble solid content, this cultivation method fully effectively can utilize luminous energy as seen in advance, promoted plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
Table 2: fruit bearing habit information slip (2014, life in 4 years)
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a fig high-quality Labor-saving form culture method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) frame is built: build the posture adapting to Labor-saving shaping, line-spacing is 3m, select the cement post that 2.3m is high, specification is 0.12m × 0.06m, cement post is buried in the earth 0.5m, it is the cross-arm of 2m that the column upper end level that 1.8m is high on the ground sets up 1 length, the material of cross-arm is angle bar, cross-arm both sides are drawn respectively with No. 12 galvanized wires and are established 3 road bracing wires, spacing is 0.3m successively, and under cross-arm 30cm position column on to draw with No. 10 galvanized wires and establish one main drawing line, jointly form frame face.
(2) field planting: mid or late March field planting, spacing in the rows is 4m, line-spacing is 3m, select suitable fig nursery stock, require that nursery stock is healthy and strong, branch is healthy and strong, tissue enriches, degree of lignification is high, trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system and complete, main root reaches 30cm, there are more side root and fibrous root, root system is without splitting, there is the bud of complete stalwartness, nursery stock has no mechanical damage, without damage by disease and insect, possess exuberant vitality, root system 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 700 times of liquid disinfectants before field planting, stem 3 ~ 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sterilized, shoot root is placed on field planting row field planting point, nursery stock is held up directly, root is made in order rear earthing and having peace of mind, water permeable, trunk stays 2 ~ 3 full bud cutting backs, root week uses black plastic mulching, water conservation moisturizing.
(3) pruning: transplanting stock germinate after, stay the most healthy and the strongest young sprout of 1 root growth upwards grown cultures become center do, all the other buds are erased, when young sprout grows to 30cm, near transplanting stock vertically insert 1 bamboo pole, young sprout is fixed on bamboo pole; Young sprout grows into and carries out pinching apart from during the height 1.2-1.3m of ground, 2 buds are retained after germinateing in top, make 2 buds and level be 450 inclination angles upwards grown cultures become major branch, 2 reverse levels of major branch lure and cause on main drawing line by First Year autumn Mo direct motion direction, side shoot when winter cuts on major branch stays base portion 2 bud cutting backs, as the bearing basal shoot in the coming year, fruit bearing shoot homonymy spacing remains on 20 ~ 30cm.An outer lateral bud culture is stayed to be fruit bearing shoot after the rudiment of Second Year bearing basal shoot, on cross-arm, first iron wire (iron wire nearest apart from column) lures derivation long, and flatten on second and the 3rd road iron wire, after the complete leaf abscission of picking fruit, winter cuts and still stays base portion 2 bud cutting backs to cut down except branch, utilize innovation result outside the coming year, annual renewal pruning all as stated above later, fig shoot tissue loosens, clip indolence, winter cuts rear clip next section of branch that often make and dries up, affect the growth of clip bud, therefore all cutting saw kerf and should smear wood glue or other protectants greatly.
2. a kind of fig high-quality Labor-saving form culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising before field planting digging field planting ditch, making ridge: the field planting ditch excavating wide 60cm ~ 80cm, dark 40cm in field planting row, first insert 1500kg straw or weeds for every mu, after inserting straw or weeds, cover native about the 10cm of table, every mu is executed chicken manure 2000kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg again, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25kg mixes with soil, fill out while having peace of mind, when banketing to overhead 10cm, cover subsoil and pile low higher than 15cm both sides, face, ridge in the middle of the high field planting row in full shape.
3. a kind of fig high-quality Labor-saving form culture method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by further comprising rich water quality management: when water capacity lower than 20% time, must pour water, watering time mainly the budding period, Fruit and Drought in Autumn time;
Fig base manure applies in conjunction with winter ploughing before and after fallen leaves, method is locating from trunk about 50cm, about 10 kilograms, the miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed in strain, topdress with before young sprout ramp and holder fruit expanding stage split application is as well rapidly, the ratio of the azophoska that fig is executed is 1: 2: 2, should note water drainage rainy season.
4. a kind of fig high-quality Labor-saving form culture method as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that branch cut down remove after on plant colligation straw or antifreeze cloth cold-proof, remove straw or antifreeze cloth during rudiment next spring.
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| CN201510458531.XA CN105145232A (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2015-07-29 | Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs |
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| CN201510458531.XA CN105145232A (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2015-07-29 | Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069556A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-11-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cultural method of Fructus Fici |
| CN106538364A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-29 | 南京农业大学（宿迁）设施园艺研究院 | A kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
| CN107548855A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 临汾市碧丰霖农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of tree-like form culture method of fig |
| CN108142198A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-12 | 荆门鑫龙品果蔬种植有限公司 | A kind of terraced fields fig high yield cultivating method |
| CN108307903A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-24 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | A kind of tree-like cultivation system of fig and cultural method |
| CN112056138A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-11 | 江苏润道生态农业科技有限公司 | Efficient cultivation technology for fig in T-shaped pruning greenhouse |
| CN114128590A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-04 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Cultivation medium and cold-proof cultivation method for figs |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106069556A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-11-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cultural method of Fructus Fici |
| CN106069556B (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-11-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cultural method of fig |
| CN106538364A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-29 | 南京农业大学（宿迁）设施园艺研究院 | A kind of greenhouse Fructus Fici high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
| CN106538364B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2019-10-25 | 南京农业大学（宿迁）设施园艺研究院 | A kind of greenhouse fig high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
| CN107548855A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 临汾市碧丰霖农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of tree-like form culture method of fig |
| CN108307903A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-24 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | A kind of tree-like cultivation system of fig and cultural method |
| CN108142198A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-12 | 荆门鑫龙品果蔬种植有限公司 | A kind of terraced fields fig high yield cultivating method |
| CN112056138A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-11 | 江苏润道生态农业科技有限公司 | Efficient cultivation technology for fig in T-shaped pruning greenhouse |
| CN114128590A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-04 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Cultivation medium and cold-proof cultivation method for figs |
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Application publication date: 20151216 |