CN104255366A - Peach tree linear labor-saving tree form shaping and cultivation method - Google Patents
Peach tree linear labor-saving tree form shaping and cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255366A CN104255366A CN201410447596.XA CN201410447596A CN104255366A CN 104255366 A CN104255366 A CN 104255366A CN 201410447596 A CN201410447596 A CN 201410447596A CN 104255366 A CN104255366 A CN 104255366A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a peach tree linear labor-saving tree form shaping and cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of forming land, making ridges, determining the reasonable planting density, carrying out planting, building a shed frame adapting to labor-saving cultivation and shaping, cultivating main branches, carrying out shaping pruning in the first year, carrying out shaping pruning in the second year and the like. Through the measures, the tree trunk advantage can be controlled, crown forming is fast, the structure is simple, ventilation and light transmitting conditions are good, cultivation is facilitated, field management is convenient, orchard workers can master the method easily, the method is suitable for light and simplified pruning with low labor intensity in a peach orchard, crown structure cultivation can be completed generally in two years after planting, and peach trees enter in the primary fruit period.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the tree-like form culture method of peach in-line Labor-saving.
Background technology
Peach: be subordinate to peach and belong to, Prunoideae, Rosales, Dicotyledoneae, the Angiospermae of spermatophyta, vegetative kingdom.According to statistics whole nation area under cultivation in 2011 more than 1,069 ten thousand mu, produce 8,030,000 tons, peach, account for 47% of the world, 46% respectively, rank first in the world.Peach have result early, high yield stability is good, requires not too strict, the features such as cultivation management is easy to soil condition.Compare with other deciduous fruit tree such as Cultivated apple, pears, more easily can obtain economic benefit sooner, therefore be subject to the favor of grower especially.Peach fruit price in the international market often exceeds 1 ~ 2 times of apple, and economic benefit is very considerable.From now on along with the development of national economy, the raising of living standards of the people, the improvement of storage and transportation equipment and technology, the price of peach fruit and economic benefit can rise year by year.
Peach is intolerant tree species, and the tree-like and tree management of peach directly has influence on the distribution of light in tree crown, Photosynthetic Productivity, flower_bud formation, the bud quality and branch life-span, and then affects the yield and quality of fruit.The tree-like trunk shape etc. such as natural spindle, improved-spindle having the natural open centre shape of large tree crown and energy planting culture of current domestic employing.Happy shape early yield is low, shaping is slow, from the full bearing period, because nutrition flows to tree crown top and fruit in a large number, tree body base portion can not get the keeping of blade for a long time, and trunk aging is accelerated, and gummosis is serious, severe life time reduction, later stage major branch base portion baldness, interior thorax is hollow, is exposed to the sun for a long time under sunlight, dry rot, rot are serious, trunk upwards transports moisture, inorganic matter mineral element ability declines, and accelerates and shortens the full bearing period, production declining.And inadequate owing to setting height, solid space is under-utilized, and quality, the output of peach fruit are lower; Trunk shape such as nature spindle, improved-spindle etc., though energy earlier results, improve fruit output, its branches and leaves are intensive, and ventilation and penetrating light is poor, cause fruit quality to decline.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned Problems existing, the present invention relates to a kind of tree-like form culture method of peach in-line Labor-saving, tree soma sexual clorminance can be controlled, tree crown is soon shaping, structure is simple, is convenient to cultivate, and field management is convenient, easily being grasped by orchard worker, is that a kind of simplification being suitable for the low labour intensity in peach garden is pruned.
For achieving the above object, a technical scheme of the present invention's employing is as follows:
A kind of tree-like form culture method of peach in-line Labor-saving, specifically comprises the steps:
1, level land, making ridge;
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, taking line-spacing as 2.5m, spacing in the rows 6m, is advisable in north-south;
3, field planting: after the field planting of peach seedling, vertically insert the high timber of 1 1.5m near field planting seedling, timber is buried in the earth 0.4m, is fixed on by young sprout on timber;
4, the posture adapting to Labor-saving shaping is built, select the cement post that 2m is high, specification is 0.08m × 0.08m, cement post spacing 6m, follow and be buried in the earth 0.4m to apart from transplanting stock 3m, at transplanting stock timber 0.8m, column 1.4m place, southern side, timber 1m, column 1.6m place, north side draw with No. 10 galvanized wires respectively and establish one bracing wire, form the seemingly yi word pattern frame type that southern low north is high.
5, seedling is at trunk height 0.5 ~ 0.8m place, to select and remain 2 vigorous branches or strong bud, cultivating two base angles is about the 30 degree major branches following back growth, and major branch is separately fixed on two No. 10 galvanized wires, major branch has arranged in parallel, vertically the length of stretching in the ranks put fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
6, First Year: select full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height 15-20cm, the young sprout that trunk base portion is sprouted is stayed the pinching of 1-2 leaf or erases, determine top, cadre position leaf bud sprouting young sprout and cultivate upright growth, in time growing to more than 20cm, insert the timber of a vertical ground, be fixed on timber; Young sprout grow to height 0.8m time pinching, to select and remain after pinching reverse 2 vigorous branches or strong bud within the scope of 0.5 ~ 0.8m, be trained 2 major branches, follow between major branch to back growth, when major branch grows to about 30cm, bondage is on iron wire, makes the angle of major branch and trunk be 60-70 degree.The low major branch bondage of inserted part is on iron wire to the south, the high major branch bondage of inserted part is on iron wire northwards, major branch elongated shoot is still that 60-70 degree continues upwards to grow with the angle of trunk, keep major branch elongated shoot absolute predominance, in the extension process of major branch, the side shoot that major branch sends stays one every about 20cm, and by the both sides tractive of side shoot to major branch, maintenance side shoot and major branch distribute in vertical state, will wipe out or even up to grow to both sides the back branch that major branch sends.Pressing down bondage gently to this two major branch autumn is fixed on iron wire, and during winter pruning, major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, removes the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, and major branch prolongation end of the branch is not cut and cut; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place.
7, Second Year: the elongated shoot of major branch continues extension and upwards grows, major branch is not cultivated large-scale branch group, the water sprout of major branch back in early days length lower than bud picking during 10cm, if grow to certain altitude, can wipe out from base portion, also can carry out pinching process repeatedly, be trained small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prevent limb day from burning for major branch keeps the sun off, in major branch, bottom, cultivate medium-sized branch group; Small branch group and oblique raw unijunction fruit branch are then cultivated in tree crown top and periphery, and branch group should be splayed distribution and development to major branch both sides.Autumn presses down bondage gently to this two major branches elongated shoot and is fixed on iron wire.When winter cuts, medium-sized branch group interval 50-60cm on major branch, stays the fruit bearing shoot that base portion 5 ~ 6 is healthy and strong; Small branch group interval 20-30cm, stays the fruit bearing shoot that base portion 2 ~ 4 is healthy and strong; Oblique raw unijunction fruit branch interval 10-15cm.Winter cuts fruit-bearing shoot cluster and unijunction fruit branch and adopts Long pruning, namely substantially not cutting back, prune off more, contract to cut and longly to put, retain the longer trimming method of annual fruit branch.Major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, puts, can not cut and cut, remove major branch elongated shoot competitive branch to the elongated shoot with full terminal bud major branch head light pruning is long; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place, and peach in-line Labor-saving is tree-like to be completed substantially.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can control tree soma sexual clorminance, tree crown is soon shaping, and structure is simple, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, and be convenient to cultivate, field management is convenient, is easily grasped by orchard worker, is that a kind of light-duty simplification being suitable for the low labour intensity in peach garden is pruned.Crown Structure within after general field planting 2 years, can be completed cultivate, start to enter the just fruit phase.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the present invention's one group of frame.
In figure, 1 is concrete column; 2 is No. 10 galvanized wires; 3 is timber.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
The enforcement time: 2010 ~ 2013
Implement place: white rabbit town, Jurong City of Jiangsu Province Bai Zhishan Ecological Orchard
(1), instantiation is implemented:
Select kind: daybreak.
(2) implementation method:
1, level land, making ridge;
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, taking line-spacing as 2.5m, spacing in the rows 6m, is advisable in north-south;
3, field planting: after the field planting of peach seedling, vertically insert the high timber of 1 1.5m near field planting seedling, timber is buried in the earth 0.4m, is fixed on by young sprout on timber;
4, the posture adapting to Labor-saving shaping is built, select the cement post that 2m is high, specification is 0.08m × 0.08m, cement post spacing 6m, follow and be buried in the earth 0.4m to apart from transplanting stock 3m, at transplanting stock timber 0.8m, column 1.4m place, southern side, timber 1m, column 1.6m place, north side draw with No. 10 galvanized wires respectively and establish one bracing wire, form the seemingly yi word pattern frame type that southern low north is high.
5, seedling is at trunk height 0.5 ~ 0.8m place, to select and remain 2 vigorous branches or strong bud, cultivating two base angles is about the 30 degree major branches following back growth, and major branch is separately fixed on two No. 10 galvanized wires, major branch has arranged in parallel, vertically the length of stretching in the ranks put fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
6, First Year: select full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height 15-20cm, the young sprout that trunk base portion is sprouted is stayed the pinching of 1-2 leaf or erases, determine top, cadre position leaf bud sprouting young sprout and cultivate upright growth, in time growing to more than 20cm, insert the timber of a vertical ground, be fixed on timber, young sprout grow to height 0.8m time pinching, to select and remain after pinching reverse 2 vigorous branches or strong bud within the scope of 0.5 ~ 0.8m, be trained 2 major branches, follow between major branch to back growth, when major branch grows to about 30cm, bondage is on iron wire, the angle of major branch and trunk is made to be 60-70 degree, the low major branch bondage of inserted part is on iron wire to the south, the high major branch bondage of inserted part is on iron wire northwards, major branch elongated shoot is still that 60-70 degree continues upwards to grow with the angle of trunk, keep major branch elongated shoot absolute predominance, in the extension process of major branch, the side shoot that major branch sends stays one every about 20cm, and by the both sides tractive of side shoot to major branch, side shoot and major branch is kept to distribute in vertical state, the back branch that major branch sends to be wiped out or be evened up and grow to both sides, pressing down bondage gently to this two major branch autumn is fixed on iron wire, during winter pruning, major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, remove the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, major branch prolongation end of the branch is not cut and is cut, what major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place.
7, Second Year: the elongated shoot of major branch continues extension and upwards grows, major branch is not cultivated large-scale branch group, the water sprout of major branch back in early days length lower than bud picking during 10cm, if grow to certain altitude, can wipe out from base portion, also can carry out pinching process repeatedly, be trained small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prevent limb day from burning for major branch keeps the sun off, in major branch, bottom, cultivate medium-sized branch group; Small branch group and oblique raw unijunction fruit branch are then cultivated in tree crown top and periphery, and branch group should be splayed distribution and development to major branch both sides.Autumn presses down bondage gently to this two major branches elongated shoot and is fixed on iron wire.When winter cuts, medium-sized branch group interval 50-60cm on major branch, stays the fruit bearing shoot that base portion 5 ~ 6 is healthy and strong; Small branch group interval 20-30cm, stays the fruit bearing shoot that base portion 2 ~ 4 is healthy and strong; Oblique raw unijunction fruit branch interval 10-15cm.Winter cuts fruit-bearing shoot cluster and unijunction fruit branch and adopts Long pruning, namely substantially not cutting back, prune off more, contract to cut and longly to put, retain the longer trimming method of annual fruit branch.Major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, puts, can not cut and cut, remove major branch elongated shoot competitive branch to the elongated shoot with full terminal bud major branch head light pruning is long; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place, and peach in-line Labor-saving is tree-like to be completed substantially.
(3) implementation result
The conventional cultivation i.e. peach of three major branch natural opening cardioid (seeding row spacing is 5 × 5m) is compared.As shown in Table 1, the present invention is significantly better than contrast in light efficiency utilizes.
The photosynthetic effect of table 1 different tree form and intensity of illumination
As shown in Table 2, the peach cultivated under this cultivation method is at dry thick, single fruit weight, output and soluble solid content apparently higher than routine, and this cultivation method fully effectively can utilize luminous energy as seen, promotes plant nutrition and reproduction balanced growth.
Table 2: habit of growth information slip
The present invention avoids conventional cultivation need to come back operation and the fatigue that stoop labor brings of need bowing, reduce labor intensity, increase work efficiency, convenient to operation, compare with conventional cultivation i.e. three major branch natural opening cardioid, flower and fruit thinning every mu saves 2 labours, bagging every mu saves 1 labour, and summer management every mu saves 1 labour, gathers every mu and saves 0.5 labour, 1 labour is saved in winter pruning every mu, adds up to every mu to save 5.5 labours.Reach the object of saving labor.
Claims (2)
1. the tree-like form culture method of peach in-line Labor-saving, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) level land, making ridge;
(2) determining Rational Determination density in planting: be 2.5m, spacing in the rows 6m with line-spacing, is advisable in north-south;
(3) field planting: after the field planting of peach seedling, vertically insert the high timber of 1 1.5m near field planting seedling, timber is buried in the earth 0.4m, is fixed on by young sprout on timber;
(4) frame adapting to Labor-saving cultivation shaping is built;
(5) major branch is cultivated: seedling is at trunk height 0.5 ~ 0.8m place, to select and remain 2 vigorous branches or strong bud, cultivating two base angles is about the 30 degree major branches following back growth, major branch is separately fixed on two No. 10 galvanized wires, major branch has arranged in parallel, vertically the length of stretching in the ranks put fruit-bearing shoot cluster;
(6) First Year pruning: select full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height 15-20cm, the young sprout that trunk base portion is sprouted is stayed the pinching of 1-2 leaf or erases, determine top, cadre position leaf bud sprouting young sprout and cultivate upright growth, in time growing to more than 20cm, insert the timber of a vertical ground, be fixed on timber, young sprout grow to height 0.8m time pinching, to select and remain after pinching reverse 2 vigorous branches or strong bud within the scope of 0.5 ~ 0.8m, be trained 2 major branches, follow between major branch to back growth, when major branch grows to about 30cm, bondage is on iron wire, the angle of major branch and trunk is made to be 60-70 degree, the low major branch bondage of inserted part is on iron wire to the south, the high major branch bondage of inserted part is on iron wire northwards, major branch elongated shoot is still that 60-70 degree continues upwards to grow with the angle of trunk, keep major branch elongated shoot absolute predominance, in the extension process of major branch, the side shoot that major branch sends stays one every about 20cm, and by the both sides tractive of side shoot to major branch, side shoot and major branch is kept to distribute in vertical state, the back branch that major branch sends to be wiped out or be evened up and grow to both sides, pressing down bondage gently to this two major branch autumn is fixed on iron wire, during winter pruning, major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, remove the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, major branch prolongation end of the branch is not cut and is cut, what major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place,
(7) Second Year pruning: the elongated shoot of major branch continues extension and upwards grows, major branch is not cultivated large-scale branch group, the water sprout of major branch back in early days length lower than bud picking during 10cm, if grow to certain altitude, can wipe out from base portion, also can carry out pinching process repeatedly, be trained small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prevent limb day from burning for major branch keeps the sun off, in major branch, bottom, cultivate medium-sized branch group; Small branch group and oblique raw unijunction fruit branch are then cultivated in tree crown top and periphery, and branch group should be splayed distribution and development to major branch both sides; Pressing down bondage gently to this two major branches elongated shoot autumn is fixed on iron wire, and when the winter cuts, medium-sized branch group interval 50-60cm on major branch, stays the fruit bearing shoot that base portion 5 ~ 6 is healthy and strong; Small branch group interval 20-30cm, stays the fruit bearing shoot that base portion 2 ~ 4 is healthy and strong; Oblique raw unijunction fruit branch interval 10-15cm, winter cuts fruit-bearing shoot cluster and unijunction fruit branch adopts Long pruning, namely substantially not cutting back, prune off more, contract to cut and long to put, retain the longer trimming method of annual fruit branch, major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, put major branch head light pruning is long, can not cut the elongated shoot with full terminal bud and cut, remove major branch elongated shoot competitive branch; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place, and peach in-line Labor-saving is tree-like to be completed substantially.
2. the tree-like form culture method of peach in-line Labor-saving as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described frame selects the cement post that 2m is high, specification is 0.08m × 0.08m, cement post spacing 6m, follows and is buried in the earth 0.4m, at transplanting stock timber 0.8m, column 1.4m place, southern side to apart from transplanting stock 3m, timber 1m, column 1.6m place, north side draw with No. 10 galvanized wires respectively and establish one bracing wire, form the yi word pattern frame type that southern low north is high.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104838956A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-19 | 舒长青 | Kiwi fruit ultra-dwarf trunk cutting and high-yield cultivation method under greenhouse frame |
| CN105009910A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-04 | 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 | High-quality labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach tree |
| CN105145232A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-12-16 | 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 | Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs |
| CN106342638A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Method for reinforcing trunks of trees in labor-saving manner for cultivating pyrus bretschneideri rehd trees |
| CN106538322A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-29 | 浏阳市瑞元农业开发有限公司 | A kind of peach tree cultural method |
| CN106613642A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-10 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Light and simple pruning method for pear trees |
| CN106804374A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-09 | 广元市农业科学研究院 | A kind of plant culture model and cultural method |
| CN107278786A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-10-24 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of tree-like and its shaping methods of pear tree " pectination hedge wall shape " |
| CN109156245A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of peach dry hedge wall shape shaping methods more than one plant |
| CN115568372A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-06 | 江苏天隆神怡生态农业园有限公司 | Labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach trees |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104838956A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-19 | 舒长青 | Kiwi fruit ultra-dwarf trunk cutting and high-yield cultivation method under greenhouse frame |
| CN105009910A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-04 | 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 | High-quality labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach tree |
| CN105145232A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-12-16 | 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 | Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs |
| CN106538322A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-29 | 浏阳市瑞元农业开发有限公司 | A kind of peach tree cultural method |
| CN106342638A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Method for reinforcing trunks of trees in labor-saving manner for cultivating pyrus bretschneideri rehd trees |
| CN106613642A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-10 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Light and simple pruning method for pear trees |
| CN106613642B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2020-05-19 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Simplified pear tree pruning method |
| CN106804374A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-09 | 广元市农业科学研究院 | A kind of plant culture model and cultural method |
| CN107278786A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-10-24 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of tree-like and its shaping methods of pear tree " pectination hedge wall shape " |
| CN109156245A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of peach dry hedge wall shape shaping methods more than one plant |
| CN109156245B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-12-18 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Wall-shaped shaping method for multiple hedges of peach tree |
| CN115568372A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-06 | 江苏天隆神怡生态农业园有限公司 | Labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach trees |
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