CN103875435A - Method for plant leaf bud shoot cutting propagation all year around - Google Patents
Method for plant leaf bud shoot cutting propagation all year around Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for plant leaf bud shoot cutting propagation all year around and relates to the technical field of vegetative propagation. The method aims to overcome the defects that in the prior art, nursery stock seedling propagation is large in variation and part of nursery stock is low in maturing rate, and tissue culture propagation is high in cost and difficult in technology management, and minimum stems of existing fine seed nursery stock leaf buds are adopted as female parent cuttage materials for cuttage. The method includes the steps of solar greenhouse or movable greenhouse facility and planting bed preparation, leaf bud selection, cuttage time and method determination and seedling period management. The propagation coefficient of seedlings cultivated in the method can be progressively increased in a multiplied mode, the survival rate of the seedlings can reach 90%, roots are developed and grow vigorously, and the transplantation survival rate can exceed 95%. The method has the greatest advantages that mass production and industrialized production can be achieved, propagation does not need professionals, and the method is easy to operate, low in individual cost, high in propagated seedling survival rate and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant asexual multiplication technology field, particularly the method for the annual softwood cutting propagation of a kind of plant leaf bud.
Background technology
Method for propagation is mainly to organize cultivation, seminal propagation, cuttage, green wood cutting at present; These several propagation methods cut both ways.Tissue cultivation fund input is large, and technical requirement is high, is difficult for popularizing, and seed growing offspring variation amplitude is large, can not keep improved seeds characteristic; Cuttage breeding, 1 year 1 time reproduction coefficient is low, and failure, is difficult for taking root.At present green wood cutting cost performance is the highest but need generate for 1 year ripe branch, in special time period breeding as annual 6-8 month, and easily rots in matrix, and does not reach mass, batch production, whole yearization production; These propagation methods have limited the good plant kind just developed and the popularization of emerging rare species, have extended the time of listing, and the year output of the specialty unit of growing seedlings low cost breeding; Under this background, research by experiment, has researched and developed a kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud, the method is bred between tissue cultivating and green wood cutting, has not only broken through the expensive of tissue cultivating, and technical difficulty is large, aseptic condition, broken through again green wood cutting can not annual batch production production and consumptive material large, the particularly rare plant to provenance rareness, can Fast-propagation, anniversary produces, reproduction coefficient is high, leaf in theory, an axillalry bud one strain seedling; Method is simple, small investment, easy to operate, survival rate is high.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is: solve the deficiency of method for propagation in the past, for the vast unit of growing seedlings or individual provide a kind of small investment, simple to operate, a kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud that reproduction coefficient is high, reproduction speed is fast, survival rate is high, improve rooting rate, planting percent, shortens the seedling-wood breeding cycle, for rapid batch, industrial breeding technique lay the foundation.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud, described cuttage breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) on land for growing field crops, build removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse;
(2) in seedling raising greenhouse, lay automatic sprayer;
(3) in seedling raising greenhouse, make slotting machine taking pure thin river sand and rural area soil as matrix;
(4) prepare leaf bud cuttings moisturizing;
(5) cuttage;
(6) regularly spraying moisturizing, ventilate and shelter from heat or light;
(7) carry out hardening after rooting;
(8) hardening after finishing is removed removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit, can set up other plot and continue breeding.
(9) lifting, transplanting.
Further: the height of described removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse is set to 2m, width is 6m, and length is 60m, and apart from ceiling position, 0.5m-1m place establishes shade.
Further: the shower nozzle spraying area degree of overlapping of described automatic sprayer is 70-80%.
Further: described slotting machine is set to 4, north and south arranges, and described length and seedling growth greenhouse length are equal to, the wide 1.1m-1.2m of slotting machine bed surface, and between two slotting machines, interval 0.5m-0.6m is as operation path; Described slotting machine matrix is for two-layer up and down, and upper strata is that thickness is the pure thin river sand of 3cm-4cm, and the granularity of described thin river sand is 60 order-70 orders, and lower floor is rural area soil, and the thickness of described rural area soil is 5cm-10cm.
It is further: the preparation method of described leaf bud cuttings is,
Have greenery periods maternal plant, select clip maternal plant without diseased plant branch, leaf one bud is a unit materials, preferably semi-lignified branch, and scissors mouth is smooth, uses root-growing agent processing, keeps moisture state, avoids dehydration;
Fall leaves period maternal plant, maternal plant need to be transplanted into brooder growth and, after 2 months, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, clip method is the same;
Described leaf bud cutting length is 1cm-2cm, leaf below 0.8cm-1.5cm, and leaf top 0.2cm-0.5cm, and with 1 blade, prepares after leaf bud cuttings and carries out cuttage in 1 hour, in case lower cut oxidation reduces active.
It is further: described cottage method is,
1) temperature requirement of cuttage;
Daytime, temperature of shed was no more than 35 DEG C, and surface temperature is controlled to 15 DEG C-20 DEG C;
2) cuttage;
Regulated moisture to slotting machine the same day at leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture, be as the criterion with pure thin river sand wettability, humidity is 60-70%, the rural area soil of thin river sand below does not carry out the control of humidity, leaf bud cuttings is directly inserted in pure thin river sand, and the degree of depth is 1cm-2cm, and seeding row spacing is determined with the leaf bud size of described leaf bud cuttings, the leaf bud of described each leaf bud cuttings is not overlapping, and described leaf bud and cuttage row are to vertical and be close to slotting machine.
3) spraying.
When cuttage, spray, spray time is the 3-5 second of spraying for every 5-6 minute.
Further: the preparation method at described spraying water source is, according to mass fraction add ten thousand/ vinegar, water source temperature is 15 DEG C-28 DEG C;
Described spray method is in 30 days, in the time period that has illumination, within every 5-6 minute, to spray 3-5 second after cuttage;
Described method for moisturizing is that slotting machine humidity in full seedling raising process is 60-70%;
Described method of ventilation is, temperature of shed is below 25 DEG C, and intermittent gentle breeze ventilates, and ventilation time is half a day, and temperature of shed is round-the-clock gentle breeze ventilation 25 DEG C or more;
The described method of sheltering from heat or light is, grows seedlings and starts to shelter from heat or light, and shade net density is in 50%-70% left and right, has illumination and the temperature rises to 25 DEG C and when above, and upper shade net, when mercury dropped to 25 is DEG C following, removes shade net.
Further: described hardening off method is, spring and summer autumn, growing seedlings after 30 days, having light application time section, within every 6-10 minute, spraying 5-10 second, every increase of hardening time one day, spray intervals increases 5-6 minute, and spray time increases 5-10 second, when leaf bud cuttings is sent shoot,, hardening finishes when the spray intervals Qi≤0.5 day;
When winter, the spray intervals time lengthens, every 10-20 minute spraying 5-10 second, and every increase of hardening time one day, spray intervals increases 5-10 minute, and spray time increases 3-5 second, and when leaf bud cuttings is sent shoot,, hardening finishes when the spray intervals phase≤0.5 day.
Further: after described hardening finishes, removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit to be removed, can be set up other plot and continue breeding.
It is further: the method for described lifting and transplanting is,
Southern area is in nursery stock fallen leaves season or minimum season of nursery stock year increment or plum rain season lifting transplanting in 1-5 hour;
The northern area spring and summer autumn grows seedlings at the rear lifting of nursery stock fallen leaves mid-November, and 50-100 strain is one group, heels in field, and the more than 2/3 full earthing of described seedling root is covered, and treats that Second Year mid or late March carries out nursery stock transplanting;
Grow seedlings winter and spent the local cold in the late spring period at Second Year, general area is during April 15 to May 10, with the transplanting of sheltering from heat or light of 50% sunshade net.
Above-mentioned transplanting survival rate is all more than 95%.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with existing similar technique:
1, breed all-round year, within 1 year, can go out the multiple batches of nursery stock in garden, the nursery stock cycle of promoting shortens greatly;
2,, in minimum provenance situation, can realize maximum breeding amount, improve reproduction coefficient;
3, reduce and breed cost;
4, improve seedling percent, seedling percent can reach more than 90%, and transplanting survival rate exceedes 95%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment mono-:
The present embodiment is non-breeding in winter in In The Area of Qingdao, and kind is the middle day rose that adapts to southern and northern weather.
1, on land for growing field crops, build removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse;
Removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse can, with ф 20 steel pipes and connector of steel tube assembling, highly be set to 2m, and width is 6m, and length is 60m, and this seedling growth greenhouse is durable, and wind resistance is convenient to mobile dismounting, and recycling, is also convenient to later stage labor management.On seedling growth greenhouse, be covered with canopy film, apart from seedling growth greenhouse top, 0.5m-1m place establishes shade, is made up of lazy board, iron wire and sunshade net.
2, in seedling raising greenhouse, lay automatic sprayer;
When installation, do a pond in spraying source, shine water when cold in sky, affect plant establishment in case water temperature is on the low side, water temperature roughly maintains within the scope of 15-28 DEG C, according to mass fraction, be blended into ten thousand/ vinegar, be used for sterilization, for the spraying of growing seedlings.The shower nozzle spraying area degree of overlapping of described automatic sprayer is 70-80%.
3, in seedling raising greenhouse, make slotting machine taking pure thin river sand and rural area soil as matrix;
Described slotting machine is set to 4, and setting is extended in north and south, and described length and seedling growth greenhouse length are equal to, the wide 1.1m-1.2m of slotting machine bed surface, and between two slotting machines, interval 0.5m-0.6m is as operation path; Described slotting machine matrix is for two-layer up and down, and upper strata is that thickness is the pure thin river sand of 3cm-4cm, and the granularity of described thin river sand is 60 order-70 orders, and lower floor is rural area soil, and the thickness of described rural area soil is 5cm-10cm.
The seedling bed ventilative, permeable, loose, aseptic (germ density does not reach pathogenic) of making like this.
4, cut the moisturizing of leaf bud cuttings;
The preparation method of described leaf bud cuttings is, has greenery periods maternal plant, selects clip maternal plant without diseased plant branch, and leaf one bud is a unit materials, preferably semi-lignified branch, and scissors mouth is smooth, uses root-growing agent processing, keeps moisture state, avoids dehydration;
Fall leaves period maternal plant, maternal plant need to be transplanted into brooder growth and, after 2 months, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, clip method is the same;
Described leaf bud cutting length is 1cm-2cm, leaf below 0.8cm-1.5cm, and leaf top 0.2cm-0.5cm, and with 1 blade, prepares after leaf bud cuttings and carries out cuttage in 1 hour, in case lower cut oxidation reduces active.
5, cuttage;
Cottage method is:
1) temperature requirement of cuttage;
Daytime, temperature of shed was no more than 35 DEG C, surface temperature is controlled to 15 DEG C-20 DEG C, have in the situation with leaf branch bar and can breed at any time, the more high root survival that is more conducive to of temperature, cutting time is best in morning and evening or cloudy day, temperature is high, fine day is wanted the interim spraying in cuttage limit, limit, within every 5-6 minute, sprays 3-5 second; Keeping blade moistening is principle;
2) cuttage;
Regulated moisture to slotting machine the same day at leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture, be as the criterion with pure thin river sand wettability, humidity is 60-70%, in full seedling raising process, all keep this humidity, the rural area soil of thin river sand below does not carry out the control of humidity, because the frequency of spraying in seedling raising process is high, high humidity, rural area soil moisture is little, has to utilize to regulate water content of substrate, utilizes and controls germ reproduction.Moistening loose in the situation that at thin river sand, leaf bud cuttings directly can be inserted in pure thin river sand, the degree of depth is 1cm-2cm, and seeding row spacing is determined with the leaf bud size of described leaf bud cuttings, the leaf bud of described each leaf bud cuttings is not overlapping, and described leaf bud and cuttage row are to vertical and be close to slotting machine.
3) spraying.
When cuttage, spray, spray time is the 3-5 second of spraying for every 5-6 minute.
6, regularly spraying moisturizing, ventilate and shelter from heat or light;
The preparation method at described spraying water source is, according to mass fraction add ten thousand/ vinegar, water source temperature is 15 DEG C-28 DEG C;
Described spray method is, after cuttage in 30 days, in the time period that has illumination, every 5-6 minute spraying 3-5 second, overcast and rainy suitable minimizing, keeps blade moistening, and slotting machine humidity in seedling raising process is entirely 60-70%; Temperature, within the scope of 15--35 DEG C, all needs to ventilate every day, regulates air, slotting machine soil humidity and germ density, and temperature of shed is below 25 DEG C, and intermittence is ventilated, and ventilation time is half a day, and temperature of shed is round-the-clock ventilation more than 25 DEG C; Leaf bud is grown seedlings, and material is tenderer, needs low light level photograph, grows seedlings and starts at the very start to shelter from heat or light, and shade net density is generally in 50%-70% left and right; While having in the situation of illumination that the temperature rises to 25 DEG C, upper shade net, when mercury dropped to 25 DEG C, removes shade net.
7, carry out hardening after rooting;
Described hardening off method is, growing seedlings after 30 days, most leaf bud cuttings are taken root, start hardening, there iing light application time section, within every 6-10 minute, spray 5-10 second, every increase of hardening time one day, spray intervals increases 5-6 minute, spray time increases 5-10 second, when leaf bud cuttings is sent shoot, and when spray intervals phase≤0.5 day, hardening finishes.
8, hardening is set up other plot continuation breeding by removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit after finishing;
After hardening finishes, just can carry out land for growing field crops formula seedling management to nursery stock, now removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit can be set up to other plot and continue breeding, improve reproductive efficiency.
9, lifting, transplanting.
The method of described lifting and transplanting is,
Southern area is in nursery stock fallen leaves season or minimum season of nursery stock year increment or plum rain season lifting transplanting in 1-5 hour;
The northern area spring and summer autumn grows seedlings at the rear lifting of nursery stock fallen leaves mid-November, and 50-100 strain is one group, heels in field, and the more than 2/3 full earthing of described seedling root is covered, and treats that Second Year mid or late March carries out nursery stock transplanting;
Grow seedlings winter and spent the local cold in the late spring period at Second Year, general area is during April 15 to May 10, with the transplanting of sheltering from heat or light of 50% sunshade net.
Above-mentioned transplanting survival rate is all more than 95%.
Embodiment bis-:
Compare with embodiment mono-, grow seedlings in the winter time, all the other operations of seedling raising process are identical with embodiment mono-, and difference is:
1, period in winter, maternal plant need to be transplanted into brooder growth and, after 2 months, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, ensure the quality of leaf bud cuttings;
2, when winter, the leaf bud cuttage rooting stage extends 5-7 days, and water requirement reduces, the spray intervals time lengthens, within every 10-20 minute, spray 5-10 second, every increase of hardening time one day, spray intervals increases 5-10 minute, spray time increases 3-5 second, when leaf bud cuttings is sent shoot,, hardening finishes when the spray intervals phase≤0.5 day, hardening is easy, and hardening survival rate almost absolutely;
3, carry out winter, after hardening, cannot transplanting because it is cold, in seedbed continued growth, spend the local cold in the late spring time to May 10 April 15 at Second Year, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, with the transplanting of sheltering from heat or light of 50% sunshade net, at this moment outside air temperature is low, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
In addition, be to be understood that, although this specification is described according to embodiment, but be not that each embodiment only comprises an independently technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should make specification as a whole, and the technical scheme in each embodiment also can, through appropriately combined, form other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.
Claims (10)
1. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud, is characterized in that: described cuttage breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) on land for growing field crops, build removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse;
(2) in seedling raising greenhouse, lay automatic sprayer;
(3) in seedling raising greenhouse, make slotting machine taking pure thin river sand and rural area soil as matrix;
(4) prepare leaf bud cuttings moisturizing;
(5) cuttage;
(6) regularly spraying moisturizing, ventilate and shelter from heat or light;
(7) carry out hardening after rooting;
(8) hardening after finishing is removed removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit.
(9) lifting, transplanting.
2. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of described removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse is set to 2m, and width is 6m, and length is 60m, and apart from ceiling position, 0.5m-1m place establishes shade.
3. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shower nozzle spraying area degree of overlapping of described automatic sprayer is 70-80%.
4. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described slotting machine is set to 4, north and south arranges, and described length and seedling growth greenhouse length are equal to, the wide 1.1m-1.2m of slotting machine bed surface, between two slotting machines, interval 0.5m-0.6m is as operation path; Described slotting machine matrix is for two-layer up and down, and upper strata is that thickness is the pure thin river sand of 3cm-4cm, and the granularity of described thin river sand is 60 order-70 orders, and lower floor is rural area soil, and the thickness of described rural area soil is 5cm-10cm.
5. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described leaf bud cuttings is,
Have greenery periods maternal plant, select clip maternal plant without diseased plant branch, leaf one bud is a unit materials, preferably semi-lignified branch, and scissors mouth is smooth, uses root-growing agent processing, keeps moisture state, avoids dehydration;
Fall leaves period maternal plant, maternal plant need to be transplanted into brooder growth and, after 2 months, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, clip method is the same;
Described leaf bud cutting length is 1cm-2cm, leaf below 0.8cm-1.5cm, and leaf top 0.2cm-0.5cm, and with 1 blade, prepares after leaf bud cuttings and carries out cuttage in 1 hour.
6. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cottage method is,
1) temperature requirement of cuttage;
Daytime, temperature of shed was no more than 35 DEG C, and surface temperature is controlled to 15 DEG C-20 DEG C;
2) cuttage;
Regulated moisture to slotting machine the same day at leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture, be as the criterion with pure thin river sand wettability, humidity is 60-70%, the rural area soil of thin river sand below does not carry out the control of humidity, leaf bud cuttings is directly inserted in pure thin river sand, and the degree of depth is 1cm-2cm, and seeding row spacing is determined with the leaf bud size of described leaf bud cuttings, the leaf bud of described each leaf bud cuttings is not overlapping, and described leaf bud and cuttage row are to vertical and be close to slotting machine.
3) spraying.
When cuttage, spray, spray time is the 3-5 second of spraying for every 5-6 minute.
7. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The preparation method at described spraying water source is, according to mass fraction add ten thousand/ vinegar, water source temperature is 15 DEG C-28 DEG C;
Described spray method is in 30 days, in the time period that has illumination, within every 5-6 minute, to spray 3-5 second after cuttage;
Described method for moisturizing is that slotting machine humidity in full seedling raising process is 60-70%;
Described method of ventilation is, temperature of shed is below 25 DEG C, and intermittent gentle breeze ventilates, and ventilation time is half a day, and temperature of shed is round-the-clock gentle breeze ventilation 25 DEG C or more;
The described method of sheltering from heat or light is, grows seedlings and starts to shelter from heat or light, and shade net density is at 50%-70%; Have illumination and the temperature rises to 25 DEG C and when above, upper shade net, when mercury dropped to 25 is DEG C following, removes shade net.
8. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hardening off method is that spring and summer autumn grew seedlings after 30 days, there iing light application time section, within every 6-10 minute, spray 5-10 second, every increase of hardening time one day, spray intervals increases 5-6 minute, spray time increases 5-10 second, when leaf bud cuttings is sent shoot,, hardening finishes when the spray intervals phase≤0.5 day.
When winter, the spray intervals time lengthens, every 10-20 minute spraying 5-10 second, and every increase of hardening time one day, spray intervals increases 5-10 minute, and spray time increases 3-5 second, and when leaf bud cuttings is sent shoot,, hardening finishes when the spray intervals phase≤0.5 day.
9. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described hardening finishes, removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit are removed.
10. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method for described lifting and transplanting is,
Southern area is in nursery stock fallen leaves season or minimum season of nursery stock year increment or plum rain season lifting transplanting in 1-5 hour;
The northern area spring and summer autumn grows seedlings at the rear lifting of nursery stock fallen leaves mid-November, and 50-100 strain is one group, heels in field, and the more than 2/3 full earthing of described seedling root is covered, and treats that Second Year mid or late March carries out nursery stock transplanting;
Grow seedlings winter Second Year April 15 between May 10 with the transplanting of sheltering from heat or light of 50% sunshade net.
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| WO2017089958A1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-06-01 | Biotecnológica Empresarial Del Sur Spa | Method for propagation of poplar tree from leaf cuttings |
| CN105613026A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-01 | 台州学院 | Mangrove plant kadelia candel cutting seedling-raising method |
| CN105613026B (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2018-06-08 | 台州学院 | A kind of Kandelia candel mangrove cuttage and seedling culture method |
| CN105993488A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 陕西恒芳玫瑰开发有限公司 | Rosa damascena rapid breeding method |
| CN107567903A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-12 | 孝昌县高岗种植专业合作社 | The implantation methods of nursery stock |
| CN110663437A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 龙里县绿源智慧农业有限公司 | Mulberry seedling exercising technology |
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