CN103875435B - A kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud - Google Patents
A kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud Download PDFInfo
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- CN103875435B CN103875435B CN201410147112.XA CN201410147112A CN103875435B CN 103875435 B CN103875435 B CN 103875435B CN 201410147112 A CN201410147112 A CN 201410147112A CN 103875435 B CN103875435 B CN 103875435B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003020 moisturizing Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 20
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud, relate to technical field of plant asexual propagation, for the variation of current nursery stock Seedling propagation is large and part nursery stock ripening rate is low, tissue culture propagating cost is high, the defect of technical management difficulty, existing breeding nursery stock leaf bud minimum stem section is adopted to do the cuttage of maternal cuttage material, the method comprises following content: greenhouse by solar heat or mobile greenhouse facility and slotting machine prepare, select leaf bud and determine cuttage period, cottage method and seedling management, utilize the present invention to cultivate seedling reproduction coefficient to be increased progressively with geometry multiple, seedling percent reaches 90%, well developed root system growing way is good, transplanting survival rate is more than 95%, the maximum feature of the method is able to batch, factorial praluction, simple to operate, breeding is without the need to professional person, individual with low cost, the seedling percent of breeding is high, be easy to promote.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of plant asexual propagation, particularly the method for the annual softwood cutting propagation of a kind of plant leaf bud.
Background technology
Current method for propagation is tissue cultures, seminal propagation, cuttage, green wood cutting mainly; This several propagation method cuts both ways.Tissue cultures fund input is large, and technical requirement is high, not easily popularizes, and seed growing progeny variation amplitude is large, can not keep improved seeds characteristic; Cuttage is bred, and 1 year 1 time reproduction coefficient is low, and failure, not easily take root.Current green wood cutting cost performance is the highest but needs generate ripe branch in 1 year, in special time period breeding as annual 6-8 month, and easily rots in matrix, and does not reach mass, batch production, whole yearization production; These propagation methods limit the popularization of good plant kind and the emerging rare species just developed, and extend the time of listing, and the year output of professional nursery unit low cost breeding; In this context, study by experiment, have developed a kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud, the method is bred between tissue cultivating and green wood cutting, and not only breach the high cost of tissue cultivating, technical difficulty is large, aseptic condition, breach again green wood cutting can not annual factorial praluction and consumptive material large, particularly to the rare plant of provenance rareness, can Fast-propagation, whole year production, reproduction coefficient is high, in theory leaf, an axillalry bud one strain seedling; Method is simple, small investment, easy to operate, survival rate is high.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is: the deficiency solving method for propagation in the past, for vast nursery unit or individual provide a kind of small investment, simple to operate, the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud that reproduction coefficient is high, reproduction speed is fast, survival rate is high, improve rooting rate, planting percent, shortens the seedling-wood breeding cycle, for rapid batch, industrial breeding technique lay the foundation.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud, described cuttage breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) on land for growing field crops, removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse is built;
(2) automatic sprayer is laid in seedling raising greenhouse;
(3) in seedling raising greenhouse with pure thin river sand and rural area soil for matrix makees slotting machine;
(4) leaf bud cuttings is prepared and moisturizing;
(5) cuttage;
(6) regularly spraying moisturizing, ventilate and shelter from heat or light;
(7) hardening is carried out after rooting;
(8) removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit are removed after terminating by hardening, can set up other plot and continue breeding.
(9) lifting, transplanting.
Further: the height of described removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse is set to 2m, and width is 6m, and length is 60m, distance 0.5m-1m place, ceiling position establishes shade.
Further: the shower nozzle spray area degree of overlapping of described automatic sprayer is 70-80%.
Further: described slotting machine is set to 4, north and south is arranged, and described length is equal to seedling growth greenhouse length, the wide 1.1m-1.2m of slotting machine bed surface, and between two slotting machines, interval 0.5m-0.6m is as operation path; Described slotting machine matrix is two-layer up and down, and upper strata is thickness is the pure thin river sand of 3cm-4cm, and the granularity of described thin river sand is 60 order-70 orders, and lower floor is rural area soil, and the thickness of described rural area soil is 5cm-10cm.
It is further: the preparation method of described leaf bud cuttings is,
Have greenery periods maternal plant, select clip maternal plant without diseased plant branch, leaf one bud is unit materials, preferably a semi-lignified branch, and scissors mouth is smooth, uses root-growing agent process, keeps moisture state, avoids dehydration;
In maternal plant fallen leaves periods, after needing maternal plant to transplant and growing 2 months into brooder, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, clip method is the same;
Described leaf bud cutting length is 1cm-2cm, 0.8cm-1.5cm below leaf, 0.2cm-0.5cm above leaf, and with 1 blade, carries out cuttage after preparing leaf bud cuttings in 1 hour, in case lower cut oxidation, reduces active.
It is further: described cottage method is,
1) temperature requirement of cuttage;
Daytime, temperature of shed was no more than 35 DEG C, surface temperature was controlled at 15 DEG C-20 DEG C;
2) cuttage;
Moisture was regulated to slotting machine the same day at leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture, be as the criterion with pure thin river sand wettability, humidity is 60-70%, rural area soil below thin river sand does not carry out the control of humidity, leaf bud cuttings directly inserted in pure thin river sand, the degree of depth is 1cm-2cm, and seeding row spacing is determined with the leaf bud size of described leaf bud cuttings, the leaf bud of described each leaf bud cuttings is not overlapping, and described leaf bud and cuttage row are to vertical and be close to slotting machine.
3) spray.
Spray while cuttage, spray time is 3-5 second of spraying for every 5-6 minute.
Further: the preparation method at described spraying water source is, according to mass fraction add ten thousand/ vinegar, water source temperature is 15 DEG C-28 DEG C;
Described spray method is, after cuttage in 30 days, in the time period having illumination, within every 5-6 minute, sprays 3-5 second;
Described method for moisturizing is, slotting machine humidity in full seedling raising process is 60-70%;
Described method of ventilation is, temperature of shed is below 25 DEG C, and intermittent gentle breeze ventilates, and ventilation time is half a day, and temperature of shed round-the-clock gentle breeze more than 25 DEG C ventilates;
Described method of sheltering from heat or light is that namely nursery starts to shelter from heat or light, shade net density at about 50%-70%, have illumination and the temperature rises to 25 DEG C and above time, upper shade net, when mercury dropped is to less than 25 DEG C, removes shade net.
Further: described hardening off method is, spring and summer autumn, in nursery after 30 days, there iing light application time section, within every 6-10 minute, spraying 5-10 second, the hardening time often increases by one day, spray intervals increases 5-6 minute, and spray time increases 5-10 second, when leaf bud cuttings sends shoot, during spray intervals Qi≤0.5 day, hardening terminates;
During winter, the spray intervals time lengthens, and every 10-20 minute spraying 5-10 second, the hardening time often increases by one day, and spray intervals increases 5-10 minute, and spray time increases 3-5 second, when leaf bud cuttings sends shoot, spray intervals phase≤0.5 day time, hardening terminates.
Further: after described hardening terminates, removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit are removed, other plot can be set up and continue breeding.
It is further: the method for described lifting and transplanting is,
Southern area is in nursery stock fallen leaves season or nursery stock year increment minimum season or plum rain season lifting and transplanted in 1-5 hour;
The autumn nursery of northern area spring and summer is at the rear lifting of nursery stock fallen leaves mid-November, and 50-100 strain is one group, heels in field, and the full earthing of described seedling root more than 2/3 is covered, and treats that Second Year mid or late March carries out nursery stock transplanting;
The local cold in the late spring period has been spent in nursery in winter in 1 year, general area is during April 15 to May 10, and the sunshade net with 50% carries out transplanting of sheltering from heat or light.
Above-mentioned transplanting survival rate is all more than 95%.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with existing similar technique:
1, breed all-round year, within 1 year, can go out the multiple batches of nursery stock in garden, the nursery stock cycle of promoting shortens greatly;
2, in minimum provenance situation, maximum breeding amount can be realized, improve reproduction coefficient;
3, cost is bred in reduction;
4, improve seedling percent, seedling percent can reach more than 90%, and transplanting survival rate is more than 95%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment is non-breeding in winter in In The Area of Qingdao, and kind is the middle sky rose adapting to southern and northern weather.
1, on land for growing field crops, removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse is built;
Removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse can be assembled with ф 20 steel pipe and connector of steel tube, and be highly set to 2m, width is 6m, and length is 60m, and this seedling growth greenhouse is durable, wind resistance, is convenient to mobile dismounting, and recycling, is also convenient to later stage labor management.Seedling growth greenhouse is covered with canopy film, establishes shade apart from 0.5m-1m place, seedling growth greenhouse top, be made up of lazy board, iron wire and sunshade net.
2, automatic sprayer is laid in seedling raising greenhouse;
Do a pond in spraying source during installation, shine water when it is cold, in case water temperature is on the low side affect plant establishment, water temperature roughly maintains within the scope of 15-28 DEG C, according to mass fraction, be blended into ten thousand/ vinegar, be used for sterilization, spray for nursery.The shower nozzle spray area degree of overlapping of described automatic sprayer is 70-80%.
3, in seedling raising greenhouse with pure thin river sand and rural area soil for matrix makees slotting machine;
Described slotting machine is set to 4, and north and south is extended, and described length is equal to seedling growth greenhouse length, the wide 1.1m-1.2m of slotting machine bed surface, and between two slotting machines, interval 0.5m-0.6m is as operation path; Described slotting machine matrix is two-layer up and down, and upper strata is thickness is the pure thin river sand of 3cm-4cm, and the granularity of described thin river sand is 60 order-70 orders, and lower floor is rural area soil, and the thickness of described rural area soil is 5cm-10cm.
The seedling bed made so ventilative, permeable, loose, aseptic (germ density does not reach pathogenic).
4, the moisturizing of leaf bud cuttings is cut;
The preparation method of described leaf bud cuttings is, has greenery periods maternal plant, and select clip maternal plant without diseased plant branch, leaf one bud is unit materials, preferably a semi-lignified branch, and scissors mouth is smooth, uses root-growing agent process, keeps moisture state, avoids dehydration;
In maternal plant fallen leaves periods, after needing maternal plant to transplant and growing 2 months into brooder, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, clip method is the same;
Described leaf bud cutting length is 1cm-2cm, 0.8cm-1.5cm below leaf, 0.2cm-0.5cm above leaf, and with 1 blade, carries out cuttage after preparing leaf bud cuttings in 1 hour, in case lower cut oxidation, reduces active.
5, cuttage;
Cottage method is:
1) temperature requirement of cuttage;
Daytime, temperature of shed was no more than 35 DEG C, surface temperature is controlled at 15 DEG C-20 DEG C, have when band leaf branch bar and can breed at any time, temperature is more high is more conducive to root survival, cutting time is in the morning and evening or cloudy best, temperature is high, fine day wants the stage spraying of cuttage limit, limit, within every 5-6 minute, sprays 3-5 second; Keeping blade moistening is principle;
2) cuttage;
Moisture was regulated to slotting machine the same day at leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture, be as the criterion with pure thin river sand wettability, humidity is 60-70%, in full seedling raising process, all keep this humidity, the rural area soil below thin river sand does not carry out the control of humidity, because frequency of spraying in seedling raising process is high, high humidity, rural area soil moisture is little, has to utilize to regulate water content of substrate, utilizes and controls germ reproduction.When thin river sand moistening loose, leaf bud cuttings directly can be inserted in pure thin river sand, the degree of depth is 1cm-2cm, and seeding row spacing is determined with the leaf bud size of described leaf bud cuttings, the leaf bud of described each leaf bud cuttings is not overlapping, and described leaf bud and cuttage row are to vertical and be close to slotting machine.
3) spray.
Spray while cuttage, spray time is 3-5 second of spraying for every 5-6 minute.
6, regularly spraying moisturizing, ventilate and shelter from heat or light;
The preparation method at described spraying water source is, according to mass fraction add ten thousand/ vinegar, water source temperature is 15 DEG C-28 DEG C;
Described spray method is, after cuttage in 30 days, in the time period having illumination, within every 5-6 minute, sprays 3-5 second, overcast and rainy suitable minimizing, and keep blade moistening, slotting machine humidity in full seedling raising process is 60-70%; Temperature, within the scope of 15--35 DEG C, all needs to ventilate, regulates air, slotting machine soil humidity and germ density every day, and temperature of shed is below 25 DEG C, and intermittence is ventilated, and ventilation time is half a day, and temperature of shed is round-the-clock ventilation more than 25 DEG C; Leaf bud nursery, material is tenderer, needs low-light, and nursery starts to shelter from heat or light at the very start, and shade net density is generally at about 50%-70%; When having illumination, the temperature rises to 25 DEG C, upper shade net, when mercury dropped is to 25 DEG C, removes shade net.
7, hardening is carried out after rooting;
Described hardening off method is, in nursery after 30 days, most leaf bud cuttings is taken root, starts hardening, there iing light application time section, within every 6-10 minute, spray 5-10 second, the hardening time often increases by one day, and spray intervals increases 5-6 minute, spray time increases 5-10 second, when leaf bud cuttings sends shoot, and spray intervals phase≤0.5 day time, hardening terminates.
8, removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit are set up other plot and are continued breeding after terminating by hardening;
After hardening terminates, just can carry out land for growing field crops formula seedling management to nursery stock, now removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit can be set up other plot and continued breeding, improve reproductive efficiency.
9, lifting, transplanting.
The method of described lifting and transplanting is,
Southern area is in nursery stock fallen leaves season or nursery stock year increment minimum season or plum rain season lifting and transplanted in 1-5 hour;
The autumn nursery of northern area spring and summer is at the rear lifting of nursery stock fallen leaves mid-November, and 50-100 strain is one group, heels in field, and the full earthing of described seedling root more than 2/3 is covered, and treats that Second Year mid or late March carries out nursery stock transplanting;
The local cold in the late spring period has been spent in nursery in winter in 1 year, general area is during April 15 to May 10, and the sunshade net with 50% carries out transplanting of sheltering from heat or light.
Above-mentioned transplanting survival rate is all more than 95%.
Embodiment two:
Compare with embodiment one, in the winter time nursery, all the other operations of seedling raising process are identical with embodiment one, and difference is:
1, period in winter, after needing maternal plant to transplant and growing 2 months into brooder, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, ensure the quality of leaf bud cuttings;
2, during winter, the leaf bud cuttage rooting stage extends 5-7 days, and water requirement reduces, the spray intervals time lengthens, within every 10-20 minute, spray 5-10 second, the hardening time often increases by one day, and spray intervals increases 5-10 minute, spray time increases 3-5 second, when leaf bud cuttings sends shoot, spray intervals phase≤0.5 day time, hardening terminates, hardening is easy, and hardening survival rate almost absolutely;
3, after carrying out hardening winter, cannot transplant because it is cold, in seedbed continued growth, spent the local cold in the late spring time at Second Year, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, the sunshade net with 50% carries out transplanting of sheltering from heat or light on April 15 to May 10, at this moment outside air temperature is low, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
In addition, be to be understood that, although this specification is described according to embodiment, but not each embodiment only comprises an independently technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should by specification integrally, and the technical scheme in each embodiment also through appropriately combined, can form other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.
Claims (8)
1. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of plant leaf bud, is characterized in that: described cuttage breeding method comprises the steps:
(1) on land for growing field crops, removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse is built;
(2) automatic sprayer is laid in seedling raising greenhouse;
(3) in seedling raising greenhouse with pure thin river sand and rural area soil for matrix makees slotting machine, described slotting machine matrix is two-layer up and down, and upper strata is thickness is the pure thin river sand of 3cm-4cm, and the granularity of described thin river sand is 60 order-70 orders, lower floor is rural area soil, and the thickness of described rural area soil is 5cm-10cm;
(4) prepare leaf bud cuttings and moisturizing, the preparation method of described leaf bud cuttings is, has greenery periods maternal plant, selects clip maternal plant without diseased plant branch, one leaf one bud is a unit materials, and be semi-lignified branch, scissors mouth is smooth, use root-growing agent process, keep moisture state, avoid dehydration;
In maternal plant fallen leaves periods, after needing maternal plant to transplant and growing 2 months into brooder, grow new branches and leaves, then carry out the preparation of leaf bud cuttings, clip method is the same;
Described leaf bud cutting length is 1cm-2cm, 0.8cm-1.5cm below leaf, 0.2cm-0.5cm above leaf, and with 1 blade, carries out cuttage after preparing leaf bud cuttings in 1 hour;
(5) cuttage;
(6) regularly spraying moisturizing, ventilate and shelter from heat or light;
Described spray method is, after cuttage in 30 days, in the time period having illumination, within every 5-6 minute, sprays 3-5 second;
Described method of sheltering from heat or light is that namely nursery starts to shelter from heat or light, and shade net density is at 50%-70%; Have illumination and the temperature rises to 25 DEG C and above time, upper shade net, when mercury dropped is to less than 25 DEG C, removes shade net;
(7) hardening is carried out after rooting, described hardening off method is, spring and summer autumn, in nursery after 30 days, there iing light application time section, within every 6-10 minute, spray 5-10 second, the hardening time often increases by one day, and spray intervals increases 5-6 minute, spray time increases 5-10 second, when leaf bud cuttings sends shoot, spray intervals phase≤0.5 day time, hardening terminates;
During winter, the spray intervals time lengthens, and every 10-20 minute spraying 5-10 second, the hardening time often increases by one day, and spray intervals increases 5-10 minute, and spray time increases 3-5 second, when leaf bud cuttings sends shoot, spray intervals phase≤0.5 day time, hardening terminates;
(8) removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit are removed after terminating by hardening;
(9) lifting, transplanting.
2. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of described removable dismounting steelframe seedling raising greenhouse is set to 2m, and width is 6m, and length is 60m, and distance 0.5m-1m place, ceiling position establishes shade.
3. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shower nozzle spray area degree of overlapping of described automatic sprayer is 70-80%.
4. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described slotting machine is set to 4, north and south is arranged, and described length is equal to seedling growth greenhouse length, the wide 1.1m-1.2m of slotting machine bed surface, between two slotting machines, interval 0.5m-0.6m is as operation path.
5. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cottage method is,
1) temperature requirement of cuttage;
Daytime, temperature of shed was no more than 35 DEG C, surface temperature was controlled at 15 DEG C-20 DEG C;
2) cuttage;
Moisture was regulated to slotting machine the same day at leaf bud cuttage and seedling culture, be as the criterion with pure thin river sand wettability, humidity is 60-70%, rural area soil below thin river sand does not carry out the control of humidity, leaf bud cuttings directly inserted in pure thin river sand, the degree of depth is 1cm-2cm, and seeding row spacing is determined with the leaf bud size of described leaf bud cuttings, the leaf bud of described each leaf bud cuttings is not overlapping, and described leaf bud and cuttage row are to vertical and be close to slotting machine;
3) spray;
Spray while cuttage, spray time is 3-5 second of spraying for every 5-6 minute.
6. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The preparation method at described spraying water source is, according to mass fraction add ten thousand/ vinegar, water source temperature is 15 DEG C-28 DEG C;
Described method for moisturizing is, slotting machine humidity in full seedling raising process is 60-70%;
Described method of ventilation is, temperature of shed is below 25 DEG C, and intermittent gentle breeze ventilates, and ventilation time is half a day, and temperature of shed round-the-clock gentle breeze more than 25 DEG C ventilates.
7. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described hardening terminates, and removable dismounting steelframe booth, sprayer unit is removed.
8. the annual softwood cutting propagation method of a kind of plant leaf bud according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method for described lifting and transplanting is,
Southern area is in nursery stock fallen leaves season or nursery stock year increment minimum season or plum rain season lifting and transplanted in 1-5 hour;
The autumn nursery of northern area spring and summer is at the rear lifting of nursery stock fallen leaves mid-November, and 50-100 strain is one group, heels in field, and the full earthing of described seedling root more than 2/3 is covered, and treats that Second Year mid or late March carries out nursery stock transplanting;
Nursery in winter carries out with the sunshade net of 50% transplanting of sheltering from heat or light between Second Year April 15 to May 10.
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| CN101627696A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-01-20 | 李姗 | Method for improving cuttage survival rate of rose |
| CN102138408A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-08-03 | 宜昌市科力生实业有限公司 | Tea light-medium plug seedling method |
| CN102293116A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-12-28 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Fast culture method for camellia oleifera light substrate container cuttage seedlings |
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| CN109220264A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of efficient asexual reproduction method of Chinese torreya |
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