CN107787697B - Rhododendron hardwood cutting rapid seedling-forming outplanting propagation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for rhododendron hardwood cutting, belonging to the technical field of plant propagation. The method comprises the following steps: collecting the lignified branches of the previous year in 6-7 months, wherein the top branches of the branches are current semi-lignified to lignified transition branches, 2-5 current new branches are arranged on the branches and used as cuttage branches, the cuttage branches are soaked by rooting agents to be subjected to callus treatment, then cuttage is carried out, and then maintenance and nutrient management are carried out, and management after transplantation is carried out. By using the method, the cutting seedlings of the rhododendron become independent new plants in the current year, the seedlings are transplanted into nutrient seedlings, and the seedlings can be outplanted in the next year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for rhododendron hardwood cutting.
Background
Rhododendron refers to Rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) plant of Ericaceae, and is one of the flowers in three mountains of the world and the ten traditional famous flowers in China. China is the origin and geographical distribution center of rhododendron in the world, and has 571 original strains, beautiful plant shapes, colorful flowers, high ornamental value and wide market application prospect, thereby being widely applied by garden engineering.
Cuttage is the main propagation method of deciduous, semi-evergreen and evergreen rhododendrons (Azalea) and is widely applied, but because the rhododendrons are difficult to root by cuttage and grow slowly after cuttage and transplantation. Therefore, aiming at the problems of large demand of rhododendron seedlings, difficult cutting and rooting, slow growth and the like, in recent years, scholars at home and abroad develop a cutting seedling test on part of seeds and discover that: the cutting rooting is influenced by endogenous factors such as cutting slip endogenous hormone, rooting auxiliary factors, nutrient substance level, antioxidant enzyme activity and the like, and exogenous auxin can regulate physiological activity of cutting slips and induce enzyme activity and auxiliary factor change, so that cell elongation, division and root primordium differentiation and adventitious root formation are promoted; the cutting time is closely related to the lignification degree and physiological characteristics of the cutting shoot, and is another key factor influencing the cutting rooting of the plants.
In the prior art, a cutting method for rhododendron includes the following steps: collecting annual semi-lignified branch as cutting branch in 9-10 months, and treating the cutting branch with dipped root, such as Chinese patent, cutting propagation method of Rhododendron lapponicum, grant No. CN 102498899B; however, the method has the problems of slow growth of cutting seedlings, long period (the cutting seedlings need to be cultivated for more than 3 years) and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems of difficult cutting rooting and slow growth of evergreen rhododendrons, and provides the cutting propagation method which is simple and convenient to operate, practical, low in cost, high in rooting rate and good in seedling root system and can be used for cultivating rhododendrons on a large scale so as to meet the increasing market demands.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for rhododendron hardwood cutting comprises the steps of seedbed laying, cutting shoot collection and production, callus treatment, cutting and management, nutrient management and transplanting management, and is characterized in that:
collecting branches or hard branches which are lignified in the previous year in 6-7 months, wherein the top branches of the branches or the hard branches are transition branches from semi-lignification to lignification in the current year, 2-5 new branches which are grown in the current year are arranged on the branches, the collected previous branches are cut into cutting slips, the single-side callus treatment is carried out on the cutting slips, and the cutting slips are immediately cut into a seedbed after the callus treatment;
the callus treatment comprises the following steps: the base of the cutting is wrapped with 2 layers of gauze; treating the base of the cutting for 1min by using 1000mg/L IBA aqueous solution, soaking the base of the cutting for 1min by using 500mg/L NAA aqueous solution, and naturally drying for 12 h; placing the cutting in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-70% for 6 h; then placing the cutting slips in an environment with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-60% for 2 hours; finally, the base part of the cutting is soaked in ABT rooting liquid (ABT rooting powder: water =1 g: 2 kg) produced by Beijing Aibidi biotechnology limited for 3-8 seconds, and is placed in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-60% for 24 hours.
The fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for the rhododendron hard branch cutting is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) seedbed laying: sequentially adding stones, cobblestones and coarse sand into the bottom layer of the seedbed from top to bottom, then paving 5 cm-thick soil, paving 15-20 cm-thick cultivation medium on the soil, and watering thoroughly; an arc-shaped plastic shed is built on the seedbed, and a sunshade net can be arranged at a position which is 30-50 cm higher than the outside of the shed; finally, spraying 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution to disinfect the culture medium and the surrounding environment;
(2) collecting and manufacturing cuttings: selecting a mature plant with the age of 5-25 years and vigorous growth as a stock plant of the cutting, collecting lignified branches of the previous year in 6-9 months, wherein the top branches of the branches are semi-lignified to lignified transition branches of the current year, 2-5 new branches of the current year are arranged on the branches, and cutting the branches into cutting slips with the length of 8-25 cm; removing base leaves, reserving 3-4 pieces of terminal buds and top leaves, and cutting 1/2-2/3 according to the size of the leaves; wrapping the base part of the cutting with gauze, and then carrying out single-side callus treatment on the base part of the cutting;
(3) callus treatment: the base of the cutting is wrapped with 2 layers of gauze; treating the cutting for 1min by 1000mg/L IBA water solution, soaking the base of the cutting for 1min by using NAA500mg/L water solution, and naturally drying for 12 h; placing the cutting in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-70% for 6 h; then placing the cutting slips in an environment with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-60% for 2 hours; and finally, soaking the base part of the cutting shoot in ABT rooting solution (ABT rooting powder: water =1 g: 2 kg) for 3-8 seconds, and placing the cutting shoot in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-60% for 24 hours. The base of the cutting is wrapped with gauze, which is beneficial to keeping water and moisture of the cutting. The low-concentration IBA and NAA solution is beneficial to the formation of callus and promotes the rooting and the rooting quantity. The low-temperature treatment is favorable for keeping the freshness and moisture of the cuttings.
(4) Cuttage and management: removing gauze after callus treatment of the cutting shoots, immediately cutting the cutting shoots into the seedbed in the step (1), wherein the plant-row spacing is 20 multiplied by 20cm, the cutting depth is 1/2 of the length of the cutting shoots, and spraying water thoroughly; during the test period, an automatic intermittent spraying system is adopted to supplement water and humidify or artificially water according to the soil humidity; controlling the temperature of air in the shed to be 15-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 80-90%; timely removing the fallen leaves and rotten cuttings of the seedbed, and spraying the bactericide for 1 time every 7-10 days. The humidity in the cutting shed is kept, and the cutting slips are promoted not to dehydrate and dehydrate. The sterilization treatment can avoid the damage of mold to the cutting slips.
(5) Nutrient management: before the cutting grows roots, 0.1-0.5% of urea is sprayed every 5-15 days, and after the cutting grows roots, 0.1-0.5% of urea and 0.1-0.2% of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed every 10-15 days. The nutrient solution with low concentration can promote the nutrients required by the growth of the cutting slips.
(6) Transplanting management: after 50 days, observing the rooting condition of the rhododendron, checking once every 10 days, and starting transplanting when the bottom of the cutting shoots roots more than 3 and the root system length is more than 2 cm; the planting substrate is peat soil, yellow loam, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 4:1:1: 1; covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of more than 40% 30-50 cm above the nursery stock during transplanting, removing the sunshade net in the morning and evening, and covering the sunshade net from 10 am to 5 pm; irrigating the roots once every 10 days by using 0.1-0.5% of urea and 0.1-0.2% of monopotassium phosphate; after 2 months of transplanting, the sunshade net can be gradually removed according to the robust degree of the growth of the nursery stock. The transplanting time, the matrix, the covering of a sunshade net and other measures directly influence whether the nursery stock can survive, and the reasonable measures are beneficial to the survival of the nursery stock.
The fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for the rhododendron hard branch cuttage is characterized in that the culture medium in the step (1) is peat, perlite and vermiculite = 3-4: 1:1 in parts by weight. The culture medium of the mixture ratio increases the water and air permeability of the root system.
The fast seedling-forming and outplanting propagation method for rhododendron hardwood cutting is characterized in that the single-side healed cutting shoot in the step (2) is that a grafting knife is used for cutting off a cortex layer and a cambium layer which are 1.0-1.2 cm long at one side of the base part of the cutting shoot. The callus formed by the method has large area, large absorption area to rooting agent, increased callus and contribution to rooting.
The rhododendron hardwood cutting rapid seedling-forming outplanting propagation method is characterized in that the automatic intermittent spraying in the step (4) is set as follows: 5min/4h in the day and 5min/4h at night; if no automatic intermittent spraying device is available, keeping the temperature in the shed at 15-30 ℃ and the humidity at 80-95%; the sun shading is set to be 70-90% in sunny days, 40-70% in cloudy days and not in rainy days. The cutting has high requirement on humidity control, and the method can ensure the humidity in the shed and the freshness of the cutting slips.
The fast seedling-forming and outplanting propagation method for the hardwood cutting of azalea is characterized in that the bactericide in the step (4) is prepared by alternately spraying 500 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution for 1 time every 7-10 days. The humidity promotes the generation of mold, and the mold can be greatly reduced through sterilization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention breaks through the traditional method of cutting by adopting annual semi-lignified branches in the aspect of cutting selection, the invention selects the annual semi-lignified branches as the cutting, the front end of the annual semi-lignified branch is provided with the transition branch from the annual semi-lignified branch to the lignified branch, the cutting is more than 2 times of the length of the traditional cutting, the cutting is a plant with a plurality of branches after rooting, the cutting is transplanted in the current year, the cutting can be used as a strong seedling to go out of a nursery in the second year, the problem that the cutting is branched in the second year after survival is solved, the cutting can be used as a strong seedling to go out of the nursery in the 3 rd year, the seedling branches are strong, and the whole plant grows rapidly.
2. The method breaks through the traditional concept in the aspect of cutting time, and is used for cutting in 6-7 months, so that the method is beneficial to rapid rooting and rapid development of the rooted nursery stocks.
3. The invention solves the problems of difficult rooting, low reproduction rate, slow production and the like of rhododendron cutting, and effectively improves the rooting rate and the rooting quality.
4. The method does not need special treatment, is simple and easy to operate, is an effective method for large-scale rapid propagation of rhododendrons, and is particularly suitable for industrial seedling raising of evergreen rhododendrons.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. All changes, modifications and equivalents that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope thereof.
Example 1
A fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for rhododendron by hardwood cutting is disclosed, wherein the east rhododendron is east rhododendron 'annatto honey', and the method comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) seedbed laying: the seedbed is arranged in a glass greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse, red bricks or cement bricks are adopted at the edge of the seedbed, 1 drain hole is reserved at the bottom of the seedbed every 100cm, and then stones, cobblestones and coarse sand are sequentially added from bottom to top so as to increase the drainage and ventilation of the seedbed; laying a cultivation medium with the thickness of 10-15 cm on the coarse sand, raking and lightly pressing to enable the seedbed to be flat, and thoroughly watering; in order to control the temperature, humidity and illumination of the seedbed environment, an arc-shaped plastic shed is built on the seedbed, an automatic spraying facility is arranged in the shed, and a sunshade net is built at a position of 30cm above the plastic shed; after the seedbed is manufactured, 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution is used for disinfecting the substrate and the surrounding environment.
2. Collecting and manufacturing cuttings: selecting an adult rhododendron anthopogonoides plant which is about 5-25 years old and grows vigorously as a scion stock plant, collecting annual and strongly growing lignified branches (also called hard branches) on a plant canopy in 6 months, and spraying water to preserve moisture and transport the branches back to the room in time; selecting small branches with thick and upright branches, no diseases and insect pests and no buds (with buds), cutting the small branches into cuttings with the length of 10-25 cm, the length of hard branches being 8-10cm, reserving 2-5 branches on branch points, and removing tender buds at the top ends of the branches with the length of 2-3 cm; removing leaves at the base of the cutting, reserving 3-4 leaves at the upper part, and cutting off 1/2-2/3 according to the size of the leaves so as to reduce water evaporation; and (3) cutting one side of the base part of the cutting slip by using a grafting knife to remove a cortex layer and a cambium layer which are 1.0-1.2 cm long, wherein the cutting surface of the cutting slip and the branch is more than 45 degrees, so that the absorption of a rooting agent and the formation of large-area callus are facilitated.
3. Callus treatment: treating the cutting for 1min by 1000mg/L IBA water solution, then soaking the base of the cutting for 1min by using NAA500mg/L water solution, and naturally drying for 12 hours; placing the cutting in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-70% for 6 hours; then placing the cutting slips in an environment with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-60% for 2 hours; and finally, soaking the base part of the cutting shoot in ABT rooting agent liquid (ABT rooting agent: water =1 g: 2 kg) for 3-5 seconds, and placing the cutting shoot in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-60% for 24 hours.
4. Cuttage and management: cutting immediately after the cutting treatment, wherein a small hole is led by a small bamboo stick during cutting so as to reduce the mechanical damage of the substrate to the cutting tissue; the plant-row spacing between the cutting slips is 15 multiplied by 15cm, the cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 of the cutting slip length, and water is sprayed after cutting. And (3) supplementing water and humidifying by adopting an automatic intermittent spraying system during the test: 5min/4h in the day, 2min/4h at night, and the water spraying frequency is gradually reduced after 40 days; the temperature and the illumination intensity in the greenhouse are respectively adjusted by ventilation and sunshade nets at two sides of the plastic greenhouse (the temperature of the air in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20.0-30.0 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80.0-95.0%) according to the weather conditions; when the temperature is higher than 30.0 ℃, opening the plastic greenhouse for ventilation and reducing the temperature; in order to reduce pollution and remove fallen leaves and rotten cuttings of the seedbed in time, 500 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution is alternately sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days.
After 50 days, the rooting of the rhododendron is observed, and the detection is carried out once every 10 days. When the root grows more than 3 roots at the bottom and the root length is more than 2cm, the transplanting can be started. The planting matrix for transplanting is peat soil: yellow loam: perlite: vermiculite is 4:1:1: 1. Watering root fixing water thoroughly during transplanting, erecting a sunshade net at a position 50cm away from the ground, wherein the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 50%, covering the sunshade net from 9 am to 5 pm, removing the sunshade net at other times, and removing the sunshade net after transplanting and field planting for 2 months.
The method for cutting propagation of rhododendron anthopogonoides has the advantages that the forming rate of callus is as high as 95%, the rooting rate is 90%, each plant takes root more than 3, and the root length is more than 2 cm. The growth of the seedlings reaches 30-50 cm in the second year, and the seedlings have strong branches and can be outplanted.
Example 2 (comparative) the experimental material was east Azalea "annatto honey"
1. And (3) seedbed laying: the seedbed is arranged in the glass greenhouse and adopts a brick-concrete structure. Reserving 1 drain hole at the bottom of the seedbed every 100cm, and paving stones, cobblestones and coarse sand on the bottom layer from bottom to top in sequence to increase the drainage and ventilation of the seedbed; then paving 10-15 cm thick peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1 or plain loam, raking the mixture to smooth the seedbed by light pressure, and watering the mixture thoroughly; in order to control the temperature, humidity and illumination of the seedbed environment, an arc-shaped plastic shed is built on the seedbed, an automatic spraying facility is arranged in the shed, and a movable sunshade net is arranged outside the shed; after the seedbed is manufactured, 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution is used for disinfecting the substrate and the surrounding environment.
2. Collecting and manufacturing cuttings: selecting adult plants which are 5-25 years old and grow vigorously as scion stock plants, collecting current-year semi-lignified to lignified transition branches in 6-7 months, and spraying water to preserve moisture and timely transporting the transition branches back to the room; selecting small branches with thick and upright branches, no diseases and insect pests and no buds (with buds), and shearing the small branches into cuttings with the length of 8-9 cm; removing leaves at the base of the cutting, reserving 3-4 leaves at the top bud and the top, and cutting off 1/2-2/3 according to the size of the leaves to reduce water evaporation; and (3) cutting off a cortex layer and a cambium layer with the length of 1.0-1.2 cm from one side of the base part of the cutting slip by using a grafting knife so as to facilitate the absorption of a rooting agent and the formation of callus.
3. Callus treatment: treating the cutting for 1min by 1000mg/L IBA water solution, then soaking the base of the cutting for 1min by using NAA500mg/L water solution, and naturally drying for 12 hours; placing the cutting in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65% for 6 hours; then placing the cutting in an environment with the temperature of 13 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50% for 2 hours; finally, the base of the cutting is immersed in ABT rooting agent liquid (ABT rooting agent: water =1 g: 2 kg) for 3-5 seconds, and placed in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 55% for 24 hours.
4. Cuttage and management: and (5) cutting immediately after the cutting shoot is treated. When cutting, a small hole is firstly led by a small bamboo stick to reduce the mechanical damage of the matrix to the cutting tissue; the plant-row spacing between the cutting slips is 8 multiplied by 8cm, the cutting depth is 2/3 of the cutting slip length, and water is sprayed thoroughly after cutting. As the rooting period of the autumn cutting is in cold winter, the ground temperature is low, which is not beneficial to the physiological activities of the cutting slips and the formation and rooting of callus, the seedbed is heated by adopting the geothermal wire, and the ground temperature is set to be 20 ℃. And (3) supplementing water and humidifying by adopting an automatic intermittent spraying system during the test: 2min/2h in the day, 2min/4h at night, and the water spraying frequency is gradually reduced after 1 month; the temperature and the illumination intensity in the shed are respectively adjusted by ventilation and sunshade nets at two sides of the plastic shed according to the weather conditions (the temperature in the shed is controlled to be 15.0-20.0 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80.0-95.0%); in order to reduce pollution, the seedling bed fallen leaves and rotten cuttings are removed in time, and 500 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution is alternately sprayed for 1 time every 14 days.
The rhododendron is bred by cutting by using the method in the embodiment 2 (comparison), the callus formation rate is 90.00 percent, the rooting rate reaches 86.67 percent, the root width is 2cm, and the plant size is 8-10 cm; the growth is slow in the second year, the height is 10-25 cm, branches begin to grow, and the branches grow slowly.
Claims (6)
1. A fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for rhododendron hardwood cutting comprises the steps of seedbed laying, cutting shoot collection and production, callus treatment, cutting and management, nutrient management and transplanting management, and is characterized in that:
collecting branches lignified in the previous year in 6-7 months, wherein the top branches of the branches are transition branches from semi-lignification to lignification of the current year, 2-5 new branches growing in the current year are arranged on the branches, the collected branches of the previous crop are cut into cutting slips, the cutting slips are subjected to single-side callus treatment, and the cutting slips are immediately cut into a seedbed after the callus treatment;
the callus treatment comprises the following steps: the base of the cutting is wrapped with 2 layers of gauze; treating the base of the cutting for 1min by using 1000mg/L IBA aqueous solution, soaking the base of the cutting for 1min by using 500mg/L NAA aqueous solution, and naturally drying for 12 h; placing the cutting in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-70% for 6 h; then placing the cutting slips in an environment with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-60% for 2 hours; finally, the base part of the cutting is soaked in ABT rooting liquid (ABT rooting powder: water =1 g: 2 kg) produced by Beijing Aibidi biotechnology limited for 3-8 seconds, and is placed in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-60% for 24 hours.
2. The rhododendron hardwood cutting rapid seedling-forming outplanting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) seedbed laying: sequentially adding stones, cobblestones and coarse sand into the bottom layer of the seedbed from top to bottom, then paving 5 cm-thick soil, paving 15-20 cm-thick cultivation medium on the soil, and watering thoroughly; an arc-shaped plastic shed is built on the seedbed, and a sunshade net can be arranged at a position which is 30-50 cm higher than the outside of the shed; finally, spraying 500 times of carbendazim aqueous solution to disinfect the culture medium and the surrounding environment;
(2) collecting and manufacturing cuttings: selecting a mature plant with the age of 5-25 years and vigorous growth as a stock plant of the cutting, collecting lignified branches of the previous year in 6-9 months, wherein the top branches of the branches are semi-lignified to lignified transition branches of the current year, 2-5 new branches of the current year are arranged on the branches, and cutting the branches into cutting slips with the length of 8-25 cm; removing base leaves, reserving 3-4 pieces of terminal buds and top leaves, and cutting 1/2-2/3 according to the size of the leaves; wrapping the base part of the cutting with gauze, and then carrying out single-side callus treatment on the base part of the cutting;
(3) callus treatment: the base of the cutting is wrapped with 2 layers of gauze; treating the cutting for 1min with 1000mg/L IBA water solution, soaking the base of the cutting for 1min with NAA500mg/L water solution, and naturally air drying for 12 h; placing the cutting in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-70% for 6 h; then placing the cutting slips in an environment with the temperature of 10-15 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-60% for 2 hours; finally, soaking the base part of the cutting shoot in ABT rooting solution (ABT rooting powder: water =1 g: 2 kg) for 3-8 seconds, and placing the cutting shoot in an environment with the temperature of 23-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-60% for 24 hours;
(4) cuttage and management: removing gauze after callus treatment of the cutting shoots, immediately cutting the cutting shoots into the seedbed in the step (1), wherein the plant-row spacing is 20 multiplied by 20cm, the cutting depth is 1/2 of the length of the cutting shoots, and spraying water thoroughly; during the test period, an automatic intermittent spraying system is adopted to supplement water and humidify or artificially water according to the soil humidity; controlling the temperature of air in the shed to be 15-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 80-90%; timely removing seedling bed fallen leaves and rotten cuttings, and spraying a bactericide for 1 time every 7-10 days;
(5) nutrient management: before the cutting grows roots, spraying 0.1-0.5% of urea every 5-15 days, and after the cutting grows roots, spraying 0.1-0.5% of urea and 0.1-0.2% of monopotassium phosphate every 10-15 days;
(6) transplanting management: after 50 days, observing the rooting condition of the rhododendron, checking once every 10 days, and starting transplanting when the bottom of the cutting shoots roots more than 3 and the root system length is more than 2 cm; the planting substrate is peat soil, yellow loam, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 4:1:1: 1; covering a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of more than 40% 30-50 cm above the nursery stock during transplanting, removing the sunshade net in the morning and evening, and covering the sunshade net from 10 am to 5 pm; irrigating the roots once every 10 days by using 0.1-0.5% of urea and 0.1-0.2% of monopotassium phosphate; after 2 months of transplanting, the sunshade net can be gradually removed according to the robust degree of the growth of the nursery stock.
3. The fast nursery-grown and outplanted rhododendron propagation method through hard-branch cutting according to claim 2, wherein the culture medium in the step (1) is peat, perlite and vermiculite = 3-4: 1:1 in parts by weight.
4. The rhododendron hardwood cutting rapid seedling-forming outplanting propagation method according to claim 2, wherein the single-side healed damage of the cutting shoot in the step (2) is to cut a cortex layer and a cambium layer of 1.0-1.2 cm on one side of the base of the cutting shoot by using a grafting knife.
5. The fast seedling-forming outplanting propagation method for rhododendron hard branch cutting according to claim 2, wherein the automatic intermittent spraying in the step (4) is set as follows: 5min/4h in the day and 5min/4h at night; if no automatic intermittent spraying device is available, keeping the temperature in the shed at 15-30 ℃ and the humidity at 80-95%; the sun shading is set to be 70-90% in sunny days, 40-70% in cloudy days and not in rainy days.
6. The fast nursery-grown and outplanted rhododendron propagation method through hardwood cutting according to claim 2, wherein the bactericide in the step (4) is prepared by alternately spraying 500 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution for 1 time every 7-10 days.
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