CN101816274A - Quick gardening forcing culture technology for summer culture green seedling of grape - Google Patents
Quick gardening forcing culture technology for summer culture green seedling of grape Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to quick gardening culture technology for fruit trees, in particular to quick gardening forcing culture technology for summer culture green seedling of grape, which is applied to forcing culture of an orchard facility and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The technology comprises an electric heating root-forcing method adopted in spring, and comprises the following steps of: after the base of a grape cutting grows young root, inserting the grape cutting into a container filled with nutrient soil; after the grape cutting is intensively cultured in a greenhouse to grow leaves, transplanting the grape cutting in a big field; and promoting vigorous growth and flower bud differentiation in summer, constructing the greenhouse in autumn, buckling a shed cover curtain to force dormancy after first frost, trimming the grape branch after leaves fall, warming the grape cutting to accelerate germination in winter, and flowering and bearing fruits in next spring. An early-maturing variety of the grape can be harvested only in 14 months from raising seedlings to maturing under facility forcing culture conditions by using the technology. The grape has short gardening time, good fruit quality, high yield and abundant benefit, and can meet the requirements of people for leisure, ornamentation and picking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fast rapid-result garden culture technique of a planting fruit-trees, be specifically related to a kind of grape summer to plant the fast rapid-result garden forcing culture technology of green seedling, be applicable to the forcing culture in facility orchard, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
At present, in the orchard, rural area and city sightseeing Agro-ecology garden, to fruit tree to grow seedlings, cultivate be not traditional in the past seedling of birth control quarterly and cultivation, market constantly increases the demand of fruit, existing traditional viticulture technology is plant in spring annual cuttage seeding or biennial grafting, passes through the cultivation management of 1-2 again, ability operation result, need time of 3-4 from the fruit maturation that begins to grow seedlings, far can not satisfy the demand in market.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide a kind of grape summer to plant the fast rapid-result garden forcing culture technology of green seedling, this technology comprises that adopting method that electric heating urges root that the grape cutting base portion is facilitated to insert behind the young root is equipped with in the container of nutrition soil, after concentrating cultivation to grow the 5-6 leaf, the greenhouse moves into field planting, promote vigorous growth and flower bud differentiation summer, build the greenhouse autumn, prune button canopy strqw cover forced dormancy, fallen leaves back after first frost, the vernalization that heats up winter is sprouted, and yield positive results spring in next year.Early-maturing variety is utilized this technology, and can realize only needs 14 months from the fruit maturation that begins to grow seedlings.Fruit tree becomes the garden time short, and fruit quality is excellent, output height, abundant benefit, and the demand that can satisfy people's leisure, view and admire and pluck.
The present invention realizes with following technical scheme: a kind of grape summer is planted the fast rapid-result garden forcing culture technology of green seedling, it is characterized in that: this technology comprises that adopting method that electric heating urges root that the grape cutting base portion is facilitated to insert behind the young root is equipped with in the container of nutrition soil, after concentrating cultivation to grow the 5-6 leaf, the greenhouse moves into field planting, promote vigorous growth and flower bud differentiation summer, build the greenhouse autumn, prune button canopy strqw cover forced dormancy, fallen leaves back after first frost, the vernalization that heats up winter is sprouted, and yield positive results spring in next year.Specifically carry out as follows:
(1) root is urged in cutting: earlier the dedicated electric-thermal silk is made a circulation to be tiled in the nursery pond bottom of digging in advance in the greenhouse when urging root, on cover the thick wet river of one deck 8cm sand, with the grape stalk that shears dip in get root-growing agent after, bundled vertical setting of types is on the sand of river, and cover plugged ear completely reality with damp sand, the water content of river sand is 45%-50%, connect slowly heat damp sand to 28 ℃-29 ℃ of power supply, keep above-mentioned temperature, humidity during urging root always, when 15-20d plugged ear base portion exposes white rootlet, take out and insert in the ready container nutritive cube every alms bowl one seedling;
(2) container cutting propagation: container is generally used flexible plastic tube alms bowl, the high 15cm of tube alms bowl, diameter 10cm, the infiltration hole is reserved in the bottom, select loose sandy loam, add 10% chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and 1% superphosphate, fully behind the mixing as nutrition soil, earlier nutrition soil is filled to half of bag during cuttage, putting into takes root transplant a cutting after, fill and water nutrition soil permeable again, the cuttage degree of depth has just been exposed soil with the upper end bud and has been as the criterion, and the centre that as far as possible makes branch be in nutritious bag during cuttage is beneficial to the growth of root system, after pack is pressed in fact, nutritious bag is arranged consolidation in the greenhouse neat, 400 bags/m
2Water permeable back temperature control, wet concentrated cultivation of control, reduce greenhouse ventilation before emerging as far as possible, keep 25-30 ℃ temperature and the air humidity of 80-90%, temperature is with 24-25 ℃ behind the terminal bud germination, air humidity is advisable with 60%, and mid-May, root system length was planted to about 15cm, during tool 5-6 sheet leaf in land for growing field crops or the greenhouse;
(3) summer is planted green seedling: at the green seedling of field planting May to mid-June nutritious bag, and line-spacing 1.0-1.2m, spacing in the rows 60cm, every mu of 1000 strains of planting are dug dark, wide each 50cm field planting ditch by line-spacing earlier during field planting, execute the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the ditch, execute the fertilizer 4m that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu
3Add superphosphate 100kg, banket and plant seedling after building high ridge, watering back ridging is preserved moisture;
(4) fast rapid-result garden: topdress every other month once after the field planting, early stage is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, after August based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, in time water after the fertilising, and timely intertill and clean tillage after watering and behind the rain, select a strong climing conduct main climing behind the slow seedling, all the other branches and tendrils are removed, when main climing length arrives 30cm, a bamboo pole is found in every strain, to lead climing bondage to bamboo pole, pinching when main climing length arrives 80cm, and will lead the climing sublateral shoot of going up and all remove, only keep the sublateral shoot in top, stay 30cm pinching repeatedly, promote main climing increasing slightly and the hibernaculum growth, make the mother as a result who grows up to stalwartness then climing;
(5) forced dormancy: first frost in autumn blade injured after, detain canopy immediately and shade, forced dormancy, cover straw screen or mat daytime behind the button canopy, closes ventilating opening, start evening, and open ventilating opening, causes the condition of low temperature dark to promote dormancy;
(6) winter cuts in good time: 2 all rear blades carry out winter pruning when coming off fully, the master is climing to be exactly bearing basal shoot, stay 70-80cm to prune, stay 7-8 full bud under the clip, will lead climing bondage vertically upward after cutting, surpass the first road iron wire part, along the horizontal bondage of the first road iron wire, the height of the first road iron wire is at 40cm, and it is the same that the winter is cut the back greenhouse management, straw screen or mat covers morning to be taken off evening, continues the cooling hypnosis;
(7) intensification vernalization: behind the button canopy above-mentioned management 25-30 days,, can take multiple vernalization measure at grape mid-December breaking dormancy, ground and complicated and confused covering with plastic film, the greenhouse straw screen or mat begins to take off morning late lid, day and night closes ventilating opening, builds the warm and moist condition that is fit to the grape rudiment;
(8) temperature in the greenhouse, wet, light, the regulation and control of gas: after the rudiment before bloom, minimum temperature is more than 10 ℃, temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilates, the florescence minimum temperature is more than 15 ℃, thermophilic 18-28 ℃, after berry is painted, keep 15-17 ℃ night, 28-32 ℃ of daytime, painted to promote, improve soluble solid content, rudiment to inflorescence stretches out the phase, and indoor air relative humidity should be controlled at about 78-80%, after stretching out, inflorescence is controlled at 70%, blooming to the setting phase is controlled at 65-70%, should be controlled at 75-80% behind the setting, and every 3m is provided with a 40w incandescent lamp in the greenhouse, every day light filling to 14 hour, branches and leaves and fruit growth there are obvious facilitation, airtight for a long time in the winter-spring season greenhouse, CO
2Concentration only is 1 * 10
-4, for replenishing CO
2Deficiency, discharge packed CO
2Gas fertilizer can increase production more than 12%.
Advantage of the present invention is: this technology comprises and adopts electric heating to urge the method for root, the grape cutting base portion facilitated to insert behind the young root be equipped with in the container of nutrition soil, after concentrating cultivation to grow the 5-6 leaf, the greenhouse moves into field planting, promote vigorous growth and flower bud differentiation summer, build the greenhouse autumn, prune button canopy strqw cover forced dormancy, fallen leaves back after first frost, and the vernalization that heats up winter is sprouted, and yield positive results spring in next year.Early-maturing variety is utilized this technology, and can realize only needs 14 months from the fruit maturation that begins to grow seedlings.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment:
A kind of grape summer is planted the fast rapid-result garden forcing culture technology of green seedling, specifically carries out as follows:
(1) root is urged in cutting: earlier the dedicated electric-thermal silk is made a circulation to be tiled in the nursery pond bottom of digging in advance in the greenhouse when urging root, on cover the thick wet river of one deck 8cm sand, with the grape stalk that shears dip in get root-growing agent after, bundled vertical setting of types and covers plugged ear completely reality with damp sand on the sand of river, the water content of river sand is 45%, connect slowly heat damp sand to 28 ℃ of power supply, keep above-mentioned temperature, humidity during urging root always, when 18d plugged ear base portion exposes white rootlet, take out and insert in the ready container nutritive cube every alms bowl one seedling;
(2) container cutting propagation: container is generally used flexible plastic tube alms bowl, the high 15cm of tube alms bowl, diameter 10cm, the infiltration hole is reserved in the bottom, select loose sandy loam, add 10% chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and 1% superphosphate, fully behind the mixing as nutrition soil, earlier nutrition soil is filled to half of bag during cuttage, putting into takes root transplant a cutting after, fill and water nutrition soil permeable again, the cuttage degree of depth has just been exposed soil with the upper end bud and has been as the criterion, and the centre that as far as possible makes branch be in nutritious bag during cuttage is beneficial to the growth of root system, after pack is pressed in fact, nutritious bag is arranged consolidation in the greenhouse neat, 400 bags/m
2Water permeable back temperature control, wet concentrated cultivation of control, reduce greenhouse ventilation before emerging as far as possible, keep 28 ℃ temperature and 80% air humidity, temperature is with 24 ℃ behind the terminal bud germination, air humidity is advisable with 60%, and mid-May, root system length was planted to about 15cm, during tool 5-6 sheet leaf in land for growing field crops or the greenhouse;
(3) summer is planted green seedling: at the green seedling of field planting May to mid-June nutritious bag, and line-spacing 1.0m, spacing in the rows 60cm, every mu of 1000 strains of planting are dug dark, wide each 50cm field planting ditch by line-spacing earlier during field planting, execute the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the ditch, execute the fertilizer 4m that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu
3Add superphosphate 100kg, banket and plant seedling after building high ridge, watering back ridging is preserved moisture;
(4) fast rapid-result garden: topdress every other month once after the field planting, early stage is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, after August based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, in time water after the fertilising, and timely intertill and clean tillage after watering and behind the rain, select a strong climing conduct main climing behind the slow seedling, all the other branches and tendrils are removed, when main climing length arrives 30cm, a bamboo pole is found in every strain, to lead climing bondage to bamboo pole, pinching when main climing length arrives 80cm, and will lead the climing sublateral shoot of going up and all remove, only keep the sublateral shoot in top, stay 30cm pinching repeatedly, promote main climing increasing slightly and the hibernaculum growth, make the mother as a result who grows up to stalwartness then climing;
(5) forced dormancy: first frost in autumn blade injured after, detain canopy immediately and shade, forced dormancy, cover straw screen or mat daytime behind the button canopy, closes ventilating opening, start evening, and open ventilating opening, causes the condition of low temperature dark to promote dormancy;
(6) winter cuts in good time: 2 all rear blades carry out winter pruning when coming off fully, the master is climing to be exactly bearing basal shoot, stay 70cm to prune, stay 7 full buds under the clip, will lead climing bondage vertically upward after cutting, surpass the first road iron wire part, along the horizontal bondage of the first road iron wire, the height of the first road iron wire is at 40cm, and it is the same that the winter is cut the back greenhouse management, straw screen or mat covers morning to be taken off evening, continues the cooling hypnosis;
(7) intensification vernalization: above-mentioned management 28 days behind the button canopy, at grape mid-December breaking dormancy, can take multiple vernalization measure, ground and complicated and confused covering with plastic film, the greenhouse straw screen or mat begins to take off morning late lid, day and night closes ventilating opening, builds the warm and moist condition that is fit to the grape rudiment;
(8) temperature in the greenhouse, wet, light, the regulation and control of gas: after the rudiment before bloom, minimum temperature is more than 10 ℃, temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilates, the florescence minimum temperature is more than 15 ℃, 117 ℃ of thermophilics, after berry is painted, keep 16 ℃ night, 28 ℃ of daytimes, painted to promote, improve soluble solid content, rudiment to inflorescence stretches out the phase, and indoor air relative humidity should be controlled at 78%, after stretching out, inflorescence is controlled at 70%, blooming to the setting phase is controlled at 65%, should be controlled at 75% behind the setting, and every 3m is provided with a 40w incandescent lamp in the greenhouse, every day light filling to 14 hour, branches and leaves and fruit growth there are obvious facilitation, airtight for a long time in the winter-spring season greenhouse, CO
2Concentration only is 1 * 10
-4, for replenishing CO
2Deficiency, discharge packed CO
2Gas fertilizer can increase production more than 12%.
Claims (1)
1. a grape summer is planted the fast rapid-result garden forcing culture technology of green seedling, it is characterized in that: this technology comprises that adopting method that electric heating urges root that the grape cutting base portion is facilitated to insert behind the young root is equipped with in the container of nutrition soil, after the greenhouse concentrates cultivation to grow leaf, after moving into field planting promotion vigorous growth, promotion flower bud differentiation again, build the greenhouse and detain canopy strqw cover forced dormancy, fallen leaves back winter pruning after first frost in autumn, the vernalization that heats up is again sprouted, and specifically carries out as follows:
(1) root is urged in cutting: earlier the dedicated electric-thermal silk is made a circulation to be tiled in the nursery pond bottom of digging in advance in the greenhouse when urging root, on cover the thick wet river of one deck 8cm sand, with the grape stalk that shears dip in get root-growing agent after, bundled vertical setting of types is on the sand of river, and cover plugged ear completely reality with damp sand, the water content of river sand is 45%-50%, connect slowly heat damp sand to 28 ℃-29 ℃ of power supply, keep above-mentioned temperature, humidity during urging root always, when 15-20d plugged ear base portion exposes white rootlet, take out and insert in the ready container nutritive cube every alms bowl one seedling;
(2) container cutting propagation: container is generally used flexible plastic tube alms bowl, the high 15cm of tube alms bowl, diameter 10cm, the infiltration hole is reserved in the bottom, select loose sandy loam, add 10% chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and 1% superphosphate, fully behind the mixing as nutrition soil, earlier nutrition soil is filled to half of bag during cuttage, putting into takes root transplant a cutting after, fill and water nutrition soil permeable again, the cuttage degree of depth has just been exposed soil with the upper end bud and has been as the criterion, and the centre that as far as possible makes branch be in nutritious bag during cuttage is beneficial to the growth of root system, after pack is pressed in fact, nutritious bag is arranged consolidation in the greenhouse neat, 400 bags/m
2Water permeable back temperature control, wet concentrated cultivation of control, reduce greenhouse ventilation before emerging as far as possible, keep 25-30 ℃ temperature and the air humidity of 80-90%, temperature is with 24-25 ℃ behind the terminal bud germination, air humidity is advisable with 60%, and mid-May, root system length was planted to about 15cm, during tool 5-6 sheet leaf in land for growing field crops or the greenhouse;
(3) summer is planted green seedling: at the green seedling of field planting May to mid-June nutritious bag, and line-spacing 1.0-1.2m, spacing in the rows 60cm, every mu of 1000 strains of planting are dug dark, wide each 50cm field planting ditch by line-spacing earlier during field planting, execute the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the ditch, execute the fertilizer 4m that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu
3Add superphosphate 100kg, banket and plant seedling after building high ridge, watering back ridging is preserved moisture;
(4) fast rapid-result garden: topdress every other month once after the field planting, early stage is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, after August based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, in time water after the fertilising, and timely intertill and clean tillage after watering and behind the rain, select a strong climing conduct main climing behind the slow seedling, all the other branches and tendrils are removed, when main climing length arrives 30cm, a bamboo pole is found in every strain, to lead climing bondage to bamboo pole, pinching when main climing length arrives 80cm, and will lead the climing sublateral shoot of going up and all remove, only keep the sublateral shoot in top, stay 30cm pinching repeatedly, promote main climing increasing slightly and the hibernaculum growth, make the mother as a result who grows up to stalwartness then climing;
(5) forced dormancy: first frost in autumn blade injured after, detain canopy immediately and shade, forced dormancy, cover straw screen or mat daytime behind the button canopy, closes ventilating opening, start evening, and open ventilating opening, causes the condition of low temperature dark to promote dormancy;
(6) winter cuts in good time: 2 all rear blades carry out winter pruning when coming off fully, the master is climing to be exactly bearing basal shoot, stay 70-80cm to prune, stay 7-8 full bud under the clip, will lead climing bondage vertically upward after cutting, surpass the first road iron wire part, along the horizontal bondage of the first road iron wire, the height of the first road iron wire is at 40cm, and it is the same that the winter is cut the back greenhouse management, straw screen or mat covers morning to be taken off evening, continues the cooling hypnosis;
(7) intensification vernalization: behind the button canopy above-mentioned management 25-30 days,, can take multiple vernalization measure at grape mid-December breaking dormancy, ground and complicated and confused covering with plastic film, the greenhouse straw screen or mat begins to take off morning late lid, day and night closes ventilating opening, builds the warm and moist condition that is fit to the grape rudiment;
(8) temperature in the greenhouse, wet, light, the regulation and control of gas: after the rudiment before bloom, minimum temperature is more than 10 ℃, temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and ventilates, the florescence minimum temperature is more than 15 ℃, thermophilic 18-28 ℃, after berry is painted, keep 15-17 ℃ night, 28-32 ℃ of daytime, painted to promote, improve soluble solid content, rudiment to inflorescence stretches out the phase, and indoor air relative humidity should be controlled at about 78-80%, after stretching out, inflorescence is controlled at 70%, blooming to the setting phase is controlled at 65-70%, should be controlled at 75-80% behind the setting, and every 3m is provided with a 40w incandescent lamp in the greenhouse, every day light filling to 14 hour, branches and leaves and fruit growth there are obvious facilitation, airtight for a long time in the winter-spring season greenhouse, CO
2Concentration only is 1 * 10
-4, for replenishing CO
2Deficiency, discharge packed CO
2Gas fertilizer can increase production more than 12%.
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CN102197777A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-09-28 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Dormancy control method for promoting early maturing of grapes under protected cultivation |
CN102326501A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-01-25 | 苏州展华纺织有限公司 | Method for cultivating grapes in greenhouse |
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CN102197777A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-09-28 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Dormancy control method for promoting early maturing of grapes under protected cultivation |
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