CN103477940B - Cultivating method of pollution-free crystal grapes - Google Patents
Cultivating method of pollution-free crystal grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103477940B CN103477940B CN201310476826.0A CN201310476826A CN103477940B CN 103477940 B CN103477940 B CN 103477940B CN 201310476826 A CN201310476826 A CN 201310476826A CN 103477940 B CN103477940 B CN 103477940B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivating method of pollution-free crystal grapes. The method comprises the steps of (1) processing field planting furrows, (2) selecting stout branches with plump leafbud, (3) planting grape branches, (4) shaping grape plant types, (5) carrying out processing of flowering phases, pollination, flower thinning and fruit thinning, (6) carrying out pruning treatment of the non-growing period of the grapes, and (7) carrying out fertilization treatment on the grapes. Through the mode, the cultivating method of the pollution-free crystal grapes avoids attack of plant diseases and insect pests effectively through biological control measures and physical control measures, and reduces using of chemical pesticide to the maximum extent, a productive process cannot influence environment, and produced grapes have no chemical pesticide residue, and are health to be eaten fresh.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of planting of grape, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method of nuisanceless crystal grape.
Background technology
Grape damage by disease and insect is a kind of natural calamity, directly affects output, quality and the market supply of grape.In recent years, because grape production develops rapidly, pest species also increases thereupon, and pests occurrence rule is also more complicated, so will note extermination of disease and insect pest work.Actual, prevent and treat in process, often take phosphoramidite chemical agricultural chemicals, although these chemical pesticides have reduced the incidence of disease of grape, increased the output of grape,, cause of disease, insect that the use of a large amount of agricultural chemicals makes develop immunity to drugs, killed natural enemies and contaminated environment, particularly grape are eaten raw for people, and problem residual after use chemical pesticide is more outstanding, in the urgent need to implementing, put prevention first, the cultivation policy of the comprehensive regulation.In integrated control, take cultural control as basis, according to specific time and site suiting measures to different conditions; rationally use the measures such as chemical pesticide control, biological control, physical control; economic, safe and effective disease and pest control, to reach raising Yield and quality, the object of protection of the environment and people ' s health.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind ofly effectively to be avoided the invasion and attack of damage by disease and insect, is reduced to greatest extent the use of chemical pesticide, the grape produced without residual, the fresh cultivation method of eating more healthy nuisanceless crystal grape of chemical pesticide by biological control and physical control measure.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of nuisanceless crystal grape, comprise the following steps:
(1) processing of field planting ditch, after being cleaned, stalk soaks 30-60 minute in bordeaux mixture 200-220 times liquid, under sunlight, be exposed to the sun, after drying, be laid in field planting ditch, described field planting ditch volume is approximately 100x100x80cm, and the laying depth of described stalk remains on 5-10cm, manure use is filled and led up field planting ditch together with earth, fertilizer and earth keep one deck fertilizer, the pattern of one deck earth
(2) select the branch that branch is sturdy, leaf bud is full, described branch is cut into the grape branch of 15-25cm, the lower end of grape branch cuts into the inclined-plane of 30-60 degree, and above-mentioned grape branch is soaked to 5-15 minute in phoxim solution, soaking depth remains on 3-6cm
(3) plantation of grape branch, soaked grape branch in step (2) is planted in field planting ditch, strain spacing remains on 60-80cm, planting depth remains on 5-10cm, the straw mat that rush braiding forms on bonnet that fully waters after plantation, straw mat humidity remains on 50-70%, and every 7-10 days waters once, soil moisture in field planting ditch remains on 30-40%
(4) grape plant type moulds, within the scope of grape branch radius 30-50cm, one root post is set, by these upright horizontals to connecting successively with three iron wires, orlop iron wire is 50-60cm apart from the height on ground, the spacing of every layer of iron wire remains on 60-70cm, apart from retaining 2-5 the first fork branch within the scope of the 20-30cm of ground, cut off all the other all fork branches, when the first fork branch length arrives 10-20cm, with rope, the first fork branch is fixed on ground floor iron wire, when the first fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, each first fork branch retains 2-3 the second fork branch again, when the second fork branch length arrives 10-20cm, with rope, the second fork branch is fixed on second layer iron wire, when the second fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, each second fork branch retains 1-2 third fork branch, and when third fork branch length is 10-20cm, with rope, third fork branch is fixed on the 3rd layer of iron wire, when third fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, always by the young sprout top of third fork branch, one of tender point and tender leaf are plucked, supspend the first fork branch, the growth of the second fork branch and third fork branch, complete moulding of grape plant type,
(5) florescence of grape, pollination, flower thinning and fruit thinning are processed, the first fork branch, the second fork branch and third fork branch are plucked tendril, pinching and plucked sublateral shoot, within before florescence 20-25 days, spray bordeaux mixture once, during the florescence, adopt honeybee to pollinate, the upper 1-3 string flower that retains of each fork branch, retain the flower near fork ramose root portion as far as possible, treat that grape diameter grows to 1-3cm, use paper bag to entangle grape, the size of paper bag is determined according to the size of grape cluster after maturation, grape is gathered before first quarter moon and is taken paper bag, in a short time for grape carries out colouring at sunshine
(6) pruning of grape non-growing period is processed, in the winter time grape is carried out to beta pruning processing, beta pruning is treated to the fork of first on maximum reservation grape vines branch, the second fork branch and third fork branch, cut off remaining all branch, and with cutter, scrape off the crust of grape vine, collect the crust burning disposal of wiping off, do not having painting uniformly on grape vine rindy to spread lime water, at the root of grape vine and the root of fork branch thereof, superscribe plastic film
(7) fertilizer treatment of grape, step (5) is applied fertilizer once to grape for every 5-25 days, institute's fertilise comprises: stalk 70-80 part of pulverizing, the chicken manure 30-40 part of drying, dregs of beans 5-15 part and bean or pea 5-10 part, in step (6), in the winter time to grape vine fertilising once, institute's fertilise comprises: the chicken manure 5-10 part of drying, the bean or pea 20-30 part of boiling.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (5), the preparation method of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) by deal, take corresponding composition, and be contained in airtight container after the stalk of pulverizing, the chicken manure drying and dregs of beans are mixed,
(2) bean or pea being put into water boils, the height of water exceeds bean or pea 20-30cm, after boiling, bean or pea are poured into together with water in above-mentioned airtight container, lid layer earth thereon after fully mixing, the thickness of earth is 5-8cm, and by airtight container sealing, in airtight container, temperature remains on 60-80 degree Celsius, humidity remains on 40-50%
(3), after bean or pea are degenerated completely, drying and processing, completes the making of fertilizer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (5) before the florescence of grape, once, institute's fertilise comprises 10 parts of 70 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 15 parts of 40 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in fertilising in every 5-15 days.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fruit thinning phase of grape in described step (5), once, institute's fertilise comprises 5 parts of 80 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 5 parts of 30 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in fertilising in every 15-20 days.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, organic manure comprises 5 parts of 80 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 10 parts of 30 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in described step (1).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the cultivation method of the nuisanceless crystal grape of the present invention by biological control and physical control measure effectively avoid that the invasion and attack of damage by disease and insect, the use that reduces to greatest extent chemical pesticide, production process can not affect environment, the grape produced without chemical pesticide residual, fresh eat more healthy.
Embodiment
Below the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making all other embodiment that obtain under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
A cultivation method for nuisanceless crystal grape, comprises the following steps:
(1) processing of field planting ditch, after being cleaned, stalk soaks 30-60 minute in bordeaux mixture 200-220 times liquid, under sunlight, be exposed to the sun, after drying, be laid in field planting ditch, described field planting ditch volume is approximately 100x100x80cm, the laying depth of described stalk remains on 5-10cm, manure use is filled and led up field planting ditch together with earth, fertilizer and earth keep one deck fertilizer, the pattern of one deck earth, stalk soaks after cleaning in bordeaux mixture liquid, and then be exposed to the sun and dry in the sun, along with rotting of stalk, be grape nutrient is provided, the infringements such as damage by disease and insect have been guaranteed again not have,
(2) select the branch that branch is sturdy, leaf bud is full, described branch is cut into the grape branch of 15-25cm, the lower end of grape branch cuts into the inclined-plane of 30-60 degree, above-mentioned grape branch is soaked to 5-15 minute in phoxim solution, soaking depth remains on 3-6cm, guaranteed the damage by disease and insect that grape branch is not left over
(3) plantation of grape branch, soaked grape branch in step (2) is planted in field planting ditch, strain spacing remains on 60-80cm, planting depth remains on 5-10cm, the straw mat that rush braiding forms on bonnet that fully waters after plantation, straw mat humidity remains on 50-70%, and every 7-10 days waters once, soil moisture in field planting ditch remains on 30-40%
(4) grape plant type moulds, within the scope of grape branch radius 30-50cm, one root post is set, by these upright horizontals to connecting successively with three iron wires, orlop iron wire is 50-60cm apart from the height on ground, the spacing of every layer of iron wire remains on 60-70cm, apart from retaining 2-5 the first fork branch within the scope of the 20-30cm of ground, cut off all the other all fork branches, when the first fork branch length arrives 10-20cm, with rope, the first fork branch is fixed on ground floor iron wire, when the first fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, each first fork branch retains 2-3 the second fork branch again, when the second fork branch length arrives 10-20cm, with rope, the second fork branch is fixed on second layer iron wire, when the second fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, each second fork branch retains 1-2 third fork branch, and when third fork branch length is 10-20cm, with rope, third fork branch is fixed on the 3rd layer of iron wire, when third fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, always by the young sprout top of third fork branch, one of tender point and tender leaf are plucked, supspend the first fork branch, the growth of the second fork branch and third fork branch, complete moulding of grape plant type, to guarantee the nutrition of grape fruit, can alleviate like this this layer of iron wire blade, the susceptible degree of fruit, tendril on grape fork branch consumes nutrient simultaneously, remove, bud picking is tied up the tip and is removed tendril, the too much useless tender tip is erased in growth in earlier stage, the long 30cm of young sprout ties up on iron wire during left and right, in order to avoid scraped disconnected by wind, pluck tendril simultaneously, also need pinching and remove sublateral shoot, the left and right pinching in first 5 days of blooming, improve fruit-setting rate, generally on fruit ear, stay 5 more than leaf, pluck the tender tip in top.After pinching, sublateral shoot starts to sprout length, and sublateral shoot under fruit ear is all extractd, and the above sublateral shoot of fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching again, there is again secondary sublateral shoot in the sublateral shoot after pinching again, secondary sublateral shoot or three sublateral shoots later sending are continued to adopt with method pinching, and the sublateral shoot on leading shoot top can stay several leaves more
(5) florescence of grape, pollination, flower thinning and fruit thinning are processed, to the first fork branch, the second fork branch and third fork branch are plucked tendril, pinching and pluck sublateral shoot, within before florescence 20-25 days, spray bordeaux mixture once, during the florescence, adopt honeybee to pollinate, the upper 1-3 string flower that retains of each fork branch, retain the flower near fork ramose root portion as far as possible, treat that grape diameter grows to 1-3cm, use paper bag to entangle grape, the size of paper bag is determined according to the size of grape cluster after maturation, grape is gathered before first quarter moon and is taken paper bag, in a short time for grape carries out colouring at sunshine, and evenly attractive in appearance, can reduce damage by disease and insect and bird like this, by the flower of fork branch tip, florescence, more late flower removed,
(6) pruning of grape non-growing period is processed, in the winter time grape is carried out to beta pruning processing, beta pruning is treated to the fork of first on maximum reservation grape vines branch, the second fork branch and third fork branch, cut off remaining all branch, and with cutter, scrape off the crust of grape vine, collect the crust burning disposal of wiping off, be coated with and spread lime water not having on grape vine rindy uniformly, at the root of grape vine and the root of fork branch thereof, superscribe plastic film, effectively reduce the invasion and attack of damage by disease and insect
(7) fertilizer treatment of grape, step (5) is applied fertilizer once to grape for every 5-25 days, institute's fertilise comprises: stalk 70-80 part of pulverizing, the chicken manure 30-40 part of drying, dregs of beans 5-15 part and bean or pea 5-10 part, in step (6), in the winter time to grape vine fertilising once, institute's fertilise comprises: the chicken manure 5-10 part of drying, the bean or pea 20-30 part of boiling.
In addition, in described step (5), the preparation method of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) by deal, take corresponding composition, and be contained in airtight container after the stalk of pulverizing, the chicken manure drying and dregs of beans are mixed,
(2) bean or pea being put into water boils, the height of water exceeds bean or pea 20-30cm, after boiling, bean or pea are poured into together with water in above-mentioned airtight container, lid layer earth thereon after fully mixing, the thickness of earth is 5-8cm, and by airtight container sealing, in airtight container, temperature remains on 60-80 degree Celsius, humidity remains on 40-50%
(3), after bean or pea are degenerated completely, drying and processing, completes the making of fertilizer.
Under the cutting process simulation nature of fertilizer, the process of organic ight soil, carries out and these process are placed in airtight container, and process is more easily controlled, and can not produce dense stink, and process is environmental protection more, more asepticize operation.
In addition, before the florescence of the middle grape of described step (5), fertilising in every 5-15 days once, institute's fertilise comprises 70 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 40 parts of the chicken manures drying, 10 parts of 15 parts of dregs of beans and bean or pea, the processing method of fertilizer as mentioned above, first by deal, take corresponding composition, by the stalk of pulverizing, after mixing, the chicken manure drying and dregs of beans be contained in airtight container, after again bean or pea being boiled, pour in airtight container, lid layer earth thereon after fully mixing, the thickness of earth is 5cm, airtight container is sealed, in airtight container, temperature remains on 60-80 degree Celsius, humidity remains on 40-50%, after bean or pea are degenerated completely, drying and processing, complete the making of fertilizer.
In addition, the fruit thinning phase of grape in described step (5), once, institute's fertilise comprises 5 parts of 80 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 5 parts of 30 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in fertilising in every 15-20 days.The processing method of fertilizer as mentioned above, is not repeated at this.
In addition, organic manure comprises 5 parts of 80 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 10 parts of 30 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in described step (1).
Be different from prior art, the cultivation method of the nuisanceless crystal grape of the present invention by biological control and physical control measure effectively avoid that the invasion and attack of damage by disease and insect, the use that reduces to greatest extent chemical pesticide, production process can not affect environment, the grape produced without chemical pesticide residual, fresh eat more healthy.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a cultivation method for nuisanceless crystal grape, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) processing of field planting ditch, after being cleaned, stalk soaks 30-60 minute in bordeaux mixture 200-220 times liquid, under sunlight, be exposed to the sun, after drying, be laid in field planting ditch, described field planting ditch volume is approximately 100x100x80cm, and the laying depth of described stalk remains on 5-10cm, manure use is filled and led up field planting ditch together with earth, fertilizer and earth keep one deck fertilizer, the pattern of one deck earth
(2) select the branch that branch is sturdy, leaf bud is full, described branch is cut into the grape branch of 15-25cm, the lower end of grape branch cuts into the inclined-plane of 30-60 degree, and above-mentioned grape branch is soaked to 5-15 minute in phoxim solution, soaking depth remains on 3-6cm
(3) plantation of grape branch, soaked grape branch in step (2) is planted in field planting ditch, strain spacing remains on 60-80cm, planting depth remains on 5-10cm, the straw mat that rush braiding forms on bonnet that fully waters after plantation, straw mat humidity remains on 50-70%, and every 7-10 days waters once, soil moisture in field planting ditch remains on 30-40%
(4) grape plant type moulds, within the scope of grape branch radius 30-50cm, one root post is set, by these upright horizontals to connecting successively with three iron wires, orlop iron wire is 50-60cm apart from the height on ground, the spacing of every layer of iron wire remains on 60-70cm, apart from retaining 2-5 the first fork branch within the scope of the 20-30cm of ground, cut off all the other all fork branches, when the first fork branch length arrives 10-20cm, with rope, the first fork branch is fixed on ground floor iron wire, when the first fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, each first fork branch retains 2-3 the second fork branch again, when the second fork branch length arrives 10-20cm, with rope, the second fork branch is fixed on second layer iron wire, when the second fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, each second fork branch retains 1-2 third fork branch, and when third fork branch length is 10-20cm, with rope, third fork branch is fixed on the 3rd layer of iron wire, when third fork branch length arrives 40-50cm, always by the young sprout top of third fork branch, one of tender point and tender leaf are plucked, supspend the first fork branch, the growth of the second fork branch and third fork branch, complete moulding of grape plant type,
(5) florescence of grape, pollination, flower thinning and fruit thinning are processed, the first fork branch, the second fork branch and third fork branch are plucked tendril, pinching and plucked sublateral shoot, within before florescence 20-25 days, spray bordeaux mixture once, during the florescence, adopt honeybee to pollinate, the upper 1-3 string flower that retains of each fork branch, retain the flower near fork ramose root portion as far as possible, treat that grape diameter grows to 1-3cm, use paper bag to entangle grape, the size of paper bag is determined according to the size of grape cluster after maturation, grape is gathered before first quarter moon and is taken paper bag, in a short time for grape carries out colouring at sunshine
(6) pruning of grape non-growing period is processed, in the winter time grape is carried out to beta pruning processing, beta pruning is treated to the fork of first on maximum reservation grape vines branch, the second fork branch and third fork branch, cut off remaining all branch, and with cutter, scrape off the crust of grape vine, collect the crust burning disposal of wiping off, do not having painting uniformly on grape vine rindy to spread lime water, at the root of grape vine and the root of fork branch thereof, superscribe plastic film
(7) fertilizer treatment of grape, step (5) is applied fertilizer once to grape for every 5-25 days, institute's fertilise comprises: stalk 70-80 part of pulverizing, the chicken manure 30-40 part of drying, dregs of beans 5-15 part and bean or pea 5-10 part, in step (6), in the winter time to grape vine fertilising once, institute's fertilise comprises: the chicken manure 5-10 part of drying, the bean or pea 20-30 part of boiling.
2. the cultivation method of nuisanceless crystal grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (5), the preparation method of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) by deal, take corresponding composition, and be contained in airtight container after the stalk of pulverizing, the chicken manure drying and dregs of beans are mixed,
(2) bean or pea being put into water boils, the height of water exceeds bean or pea 20-30cm, after boiling, bean or pea are poured into together with water in above-mentioned airtight container, lid layer earth thereon after fully mixing, the thickness of earth is 5-8cm, and by airtight container sealing, in airtight container, temperature remains on 60-80 degree Celsius, humidity remains on 40-50%
(3), after bean or pea are degenerated completely, drying and processing, completes the making of fertilizer.
3. the cultivation method of nuisanceless crystal grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5) before the florescence of grape, once, institute's fertilise comprises 10 parts of 70 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 15 parts of 40 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in fertilising in every 5-15 days.
4. the cultivation method of nuisanceless crystal grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fruit thinning phase of grape in described step (5), once, institute's fertilise comprises 5 parts of 80 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 5 parts of 30 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in fertilising in every 15-20 days.
5. the cultivation method of nuisanceless crystal grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that, organic manure comprises 5 parts of 80 parts of the stalks of pulverizing, 10 parts of 30 parts of chicken manures, dregs of beans drying and bean or pea in described step (1).
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| CN104025967B (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2016-07-06 | 晏春华 | Green grape and implantation methods thereof |
| CN104584952A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-06 | 艾启华 | Biological pesticide spraying method for grape planting |
| CN105028036A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-11-11 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | Prevention and control method for pests during grape planting period |
| CN105210790A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-01-06 | 沈蓬 | A kind of kyoto grape North-Anhui district implantation methods |
| CN106937580A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-11 | 惠水县长兴茶果种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of nuisanceless seedless black grape |
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| CN106386079A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 黄德元 | Disease and pest control method for planting Juncus effusus |
| CN106613724A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 卢平 | Crystal grape planting method |
| CN106954519A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-18 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | With the grape planting process of the perlite of expanding treatment as wine-growing matrix |
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