CN103461050B - A kind of loquat downgrades the cultivation method of result ahead of time - Google Patents
A kind of loquat downgrades the cultivation method of result ahead of time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cultivation method that a kind of loquat downgrades result ahead of time, in seedling-growing container, insert seedling medium; Selecting well-developed Loquat Seeds to sow in 5-7 month, each seedling-growing container broadcast 2 and lid layer seedling medium water water to water content be 10-50%; The seedling-growing container having watered water is removed in booth, and on booth, covers sunshade net sunshade, spray water 1-3 time weekly, make the moisture content of seedling medium remain on 10-30%; Grow every two weeks after 3 true leaves until loquat seedling and execute a liquid manure; The present invention utilizes the cooperation of booth and seedling-growing container can accelerate the growth of loquat seedling greatly, because sowing and grafting are all carried out in seedling-growing container, be different from traditional indoor lifting grafting, effectively can shorten loquat shoot root system and damage the seedling-slowing stage caused, add and plant multiple 2 tips in a year at booth internal ratio open country, make the seedling-growing time of loquat do sth. in advance 1.5 years than traditional nursery.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is fruit growing method field, is specifically related to the cultivation method that a kind of loquat downgrades result ahead of time.
Background technology
Loquat is a kind of aiphyllium.Under self-sow, tree crown is formed more regular, well arranged, and tree crown is generally nature globular model, and height can reach 6-10m.Under the situation that current labour cost is high, tall trees hat, by increasing flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging, the artificial input of to gather etc., reduces production efficiency.In addition, adopt traditional seedling-wood breeding and cultivation method, general stock is cultivated needs 2 years, seedling grafting 1 year, and after loquat kind, general 3rd year autumn and winter bloomed result the 4th year early summer, produced income slower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the cultivation method that a kind of loquat downgrades result ahead of time, and it can solve problem existing in background technology effectively.
Downgrade a breeding method for loquat seedling, comprise following steps:
1. in seedling-growing container, insert seedling medium;
2. selecting well-developed Loquat Seeds to sow in 5-7 month, each seedling-growing container broadcast 2 and lid layer seedling medium water water to water content be 10-50%;
3. by watered water seedling-growing container remove in booth, and on booth, cover sunshade net sunshade, spray water 1-3 time weekly, make the moisture content of seedling medium remain on 10-30%;
4. grow every two weeks after 3 true leaves until loquat seedling and execute a liquid manure;
5., when loquat seedling grows to 5-7cm, thinning in time should retain 1 strain healthy seedling, and temperature lower than during 28-30 DEG C remove sunshade net, night temperature carry out overlay film insulation lower than booth during 5-8 DEG C;
6. when height of seedling reaches 16-24cm, top stays 1-3 bud by outside its continued growth, and its bud sent below then needs all to erase;
7. when loquat seedling liftoff 10cm place stem slightly reaches more than 0.7cm, grafting can be carried out, the at least one in the annual spring tip or summer shoot is picked up from scion, stock is about 10cm place folding anvil apart from ground when connecing, its top overhead 20-30cm place stays 3-5 sheet leaf place to cut off, then with two bud in the grafting of folding anvil place cut-grafting method;
8. after completing grafting 15-30 days, the rudiment on stock is removed in time after buddering and sprouting, film will be wrapped up when position to be grafted occurs that strand is hung remove, remove the side shoot of scion below young sprout 15-25cm, retain 3-4 side shoot of pumping between young sprout 20-30cm as ground floor major branch, monthly execute a liquid manure after scion survives to promote that seedling grows, after 7-10 month, the requirement of emerging can be reached.
Described seedling medium is by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer and be greater than 20 object fine sand mixing manufactures and form, and the compositing range of its various composition is:
Various composition summation 100% (weight)
Described seedling medium preparation method is:
1., by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer be greater than 20 object fine sands and mix, a kind of dry matter mixture can be obtained;
2. again stirring adding the water accounting for its 20-50% (weight) in the dry matter mixture obtained, a kind of mixture can be obtained;
3. mixture is loaded in airtight container and seal the 30-90 days that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to obtain final product.
Described liquid manure is made by water and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, wherein the content of composite fertilizer in water is 0.2%-0.3%, described composite fertilizer preferably adopts " fragrant plant field " the board potassium sulfate compound fertilizer produced by Ba Tian ecological engineering limited company, and wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13-18%:13-18%:13-18%.
A kind of transplanting and shaping methods downgrading loquat:
1. dug the planting pit of the dark each 0.8-1.2m of length and width, the 50-60kg fertilizer of inserting of the fertile one deck soil of one deck also builds the high knoll of 20-30cm with table soil;
2. after being filled into the fertilizer in planting pit and rotting completely, loquat seedling is connected native complete taking-up from seedling-growing container, plant in planting pit, when banketing, grafting mouth is basseted, tread and then irrigate normal root water;
3. around tree crown, cover the thick grass of 5-20cm or straw moisturizing after having watered normal root water, watered once every 3-5 days, water 30-40 days continuously to loquat sapling survives completely.
4. loquat sapling 3-4 the side shoot around trunk after surviving, as major branch, is then retained 2-4 root accessory branch on every root major branch, then on each accessory branch, retain 3-6 root fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 result major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result.
5. above major branch, be trained classification major branch every the reserved 3-4 root side shoot in 50-60cm place, every root classification major branch retain 2-3 accessory branch, every root accessory branch retains 3-6 fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 result major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result.
Owing to have employed above technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect: utilize the cooperation of booth and seedling-growing container can accelerate the growth of loquat seedling greatly, because sowing and grafting are all carried out in seedling-growing container, be different from traditional indoor lifting grafting, effectively can shorten loquat shoot root system and damage the seedling-slowing stage caused, add and plant multiple 2 tips in a year at booth internal ratio open country, make the seedling-growing time of loquat do sth. in advance 1.5 years than traditional nursery; Due to seedling stage fixed pole complete the cultivation of major branch and classification major branch, and cut seedling fixed pole after unconventional kind and cultivate skeleton branch again, reduce the damage to loquat seedling, make the formation time of fruit-bearing shoot cluster do sth. in advance 1-2; By being decided to be trunk height fixed pole from grafting mouth 25-30cm, be different from traditional 60cm, each layer major branch distance 50-60cm, the whole loquat height of tree is made to control within 2m, thus reach the object downgrading tree-shaped, solve traditional free growth, cause the phenomenon of height of tree crown indeterminate growth.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, being clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below.
Downgrade a breeding method for loquat seedling, comprise following steps:
1. in seedling-growing container, insert seedling medium, this seedling-growing container preferably adopts and is made, with apopore bottom it by polythene material film;
2. selecting well-developed Loquat Seeds to sow in 5-7 month, each seedling-growing container broadcast 2 and lid layer seedling medium water water to water content be 10-50%;
3. by watered water seedling-growing container remove in booth, and on booth, cover sunshade net sunshade, spray water 1-3 time weekly, make the moisture content of seedling medium remain on 10-30%;
4. grow every two weeks after 3 true leaves until loquat seedling and execute a liquid manure;
5., when loquat seedling grows to 5-7cm, thinning in time should retain 1 strain healthy seedling, and temperature lower than during 28-30 DEG C remove sunshade net, night temperature carry out overlay film insulation lower than booth during 5-8 DEG C;
6. when height of seedling reaches 16-24cm, top stays 1-3 bud by outside its continued growth, and its bud sent below then needs all to erase;
7. when loquat seedling liftoff 10cm place stem slightly reaches more than 0.7cm, grafting can be carried out, the at least one in the annual spring tip or summer shoot is picked up from scion, stock is about 10cm place folding anvil apart from ground when connecing, its top overhead 20-30cm place stays 3-5 sheet leaf place to cut off, again with two bud in the grafting of folding anvil place cut-grafting method, because stock during grafting is not completely cured, survive after therefore connecing, seedling growth be fast;
8. after completing grafting 15-30 days, the rudiment on stock is removed in time after buddering and sprouting, film will be wrapped up when position to be grafted occurs that strand is hung remove, remove the side shoot of scion below young sprout 15-25cm, retain 3-4 side shoot of pumping between young sprout 20-30cm as ground floor major branch.Monthly execute a liquid manure after scion survives to promote that seedling grows, after 7-10 month, the requirement of emerging can be reached.
Described seedling medium is by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer and be greater than 20 object fine sand mixing manufactures and form, and the compositing range of its various composition is:
Various composition summation 100% (weight)
Described seedling medium preparation method is:
1., by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer be greater than 20 object fine sands and mix, a kind of dry matter mixture can be obtained;
2. again stirring adding the water accounting for its 20-50% (weight) in the dry matter mixture obtained, a kind of mixture can be obtained;
3. mixture is loaded in airtight container and seal the 30-90 days that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to obtain final product.
Described liquid manure is made by water and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, because the concentration to fertilizer of Loquat seedling is comparatively responsive, the content of described composite fertilizer in water is 0.2%-0.3%, described composite fertilizer preferably adopts " fragrant plant field " the board potassium sulfate compound fertilizer produced by Ba Tian ecological engineering limited company, and wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13-18%:13-18%:13-18%.
A kind of transplanting and shaping methods downgrading loquat:
1. dug the planting pit of the dark each 0.8-1.2m of length and width, the 50-60kg fertilizer of inserting of the fertile one deck soil of one deck also builds the high knoll of 20-30cm with table soil;
2. after being filled into the fertilizer in planting pit and rotting completely, loquat seedling is connected native complete taking-up from seedling-growing container, plant in planting pit, when banketing, grafting mouth is basseted, tread and then irrigate normal root water;
3. around tree crown, cover the thick grass of 5-20cm or straw moisturizing after having watered normal root water, watered once every 3-5 days, water 30-40 days continuously to loquat sapling survives completely.
4. loquat sapling 3-4 the side shoot around trunk after surviving, as major branch, is then retained 2-4 root accessory branch on every root major branch, then on each accessory branch, retain 3-6 root fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 result major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result.
5. above major branch, be trained classification major branch every the reserved 3-4 root side shoot in 50-60cm place, every root classification major branch retain 2-3 accessory branch, every root accessory branch retains 3-6 fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 result major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result.
Described classification major branch is preferably double-deck, adds that major branch amounts to three layers, October next year branch quantity can reach between 250-290, thus after realizing kind next year an object of blooming.
Owing to have employed above technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect: utilize the cooperation of booth and seedling-growing container can accelerate the growth of loquat seedling greatly, because sowing and grafting are all carried out in seedling-growing container, be different from traditional indoor lifting grafting, effectively can shorten loquat shoot root system and damage the seedling-slowing stage caused, add and plant multiple 2 tips in a year at booth internal ratio open country, make the seedling-growing time of loquat do sth. in advance 1.5 years than traditional nursery; Due to seedling stage fixed pole complete the cultivation of major branch and classification major branch, and cut seedling fixed pole after unconventional kind and cultivate skeleton branch again, reduce the damage to loquat seedling, make the formation time of fruit-bearing shoot cluster do sth. in advance 1-2; By being decided to be trunk height fixed pole from grafting mouth 25-30cm, be different from traditional 60cm, each layer major branch distance 50-60cm, the whole loquat height of tree is made to control within 2m, thus reach the object downgrading tree-shaped, solve traditional free growth, cause the phenomenon of height of tree crown indeterminate growth.
Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (4)
1. a loquat downgrades the cultivation method doing sth. in advance result:
(1) in seedling-growing container, seedling medium is inserted;
(2) selecting well-developed Loquat Seeds to sow in 5-7 month, each seedling-growing container broadcast 2 and lid layer seedling medium water water to water content be 10-50%;
(3) by watered water seedling-growing container remove in booth, and on booth, cover sunshade net sunshade, spray water 1-3 time weekly, make the moisture content of seedling medium remain on 10-30%;
(4) grow every two weeks after 3 true leaves until loquat seedling and execute a liquid manure;
(5) when loquat seedling grows to 5-7cm, thinning in time should retain 1 strain healthy seedling, and temperature lower than during 28-30 DEG C remove sunshade net, night temperature carry out overlay film insulation lower than booth during 5-8 DEG C;
(6) when height of seedling reaches 16-24cm, top stays 1-3 bud by outside its continued growth, and its bud sent below then needs all to erase;
(7) when loquat seedling liftoff 10cm place stem slightly reaches more than 0.7cm, grafting can be carried out, the at least one in the annual spring tip or summer shoot is picked up from scion, stock is about 10cm place folding anvil apart from ground when connecing, its top overhead 20-30cm place stays 3-5 sheet leaf place to cut off, then with two bud in the grafting of folding anvil place cut-grafting method;
(8) after completing grafting 15-30 days, the rudiment on stock is removed in time after buddering and sprouting, film will be wrapped up when position to be grafted occurs that strand is hung remove, remove the side shoot of scion below young sprout 15-25cm, retain 3-4 side shoot of pumping between young sprout 20-30cm as ground floor major branch, monthly execute a liquid manure after scion survives to promote that seedling grows, after 7-10 month, the requirement of emerging can be reached.
2. a kind of loquat according to claim 1 downgrades the cultivation method of result ahead of time, and it is characterized in that described seedling medium is by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer be greater than 20 object fine sand mixing manufactures and form, the compositing range of its various composition is:
Various composition summation 100% (weight).
3. a method of processing seedling medium is as claimed in claim 1 or 2:
(1). by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer be greater than 20 object fine sands and mix, a kind of dry matter mixture can be obtained;
(2) again stirring adding the water accounting for its 20-50% (weight) in the dry matter mixture obtained, a kind of mixture can be obtained;
(3) mixture is loaded in airtight container and seal the 30-90 days that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to obtain final product.
4. downgrade transplanting and the shaping methods of loquat for one kind:
(1) dug the planting pit of the dark each 0.8-1.2m of length and width, the 50-60kg fertilizer of inserting of the fertile one deck soil of one deck also builds the high knoll of 20-30cm with table soil;
(2) after being filled into the fertilizer in planting pit and rotting completely, loquat seedling is connected native complete taking-up from seedling-growing container, plant in planting pit, when banketing, grafting mouth is basseted, tread and then irrigate normal root water;
(3) around tree crown, cover the thick grass of 5-20cm or straw moisturizing after having watered normal root water, watered once every 3-5 days, water 30-40 days continuously to loquat sapling survives completely;
(4) loquat sapling 3-4 the side shoot around trunk after surviving, as major branch, is then retained 2-4 root accessory branch on every root major branch, then on each accessory branch, retain 3-6 root fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 result major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result;
(5) above major branch, be trained classification major branch every the reserved 3-4 root side shoot in 50-60cm place, every root classification major branch retain 2-3 accessory branch, every root accessory branch retains 3-6 fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 result major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result.
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| CN104221801A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-24 | 蒋君军 | Method for renewing and rejuvenating declined loquat trees |
| CN104770126A (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2015-07-15 | 李澜 | Nest fertilizer application technology |
| CN104737878A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-01 | 高健 | Loquat nursery-grown plant transplanting technology |
| CN105052636A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-18 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | Bagging method for dwarfing baiyu loquat in river beach areas |
| CN105210639B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of method postponed loquat and just take time to improve loquat yield and quality |
| CN105941054A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州省兴仁县佳文生态农业开发有限公司 | A loquat seedling culture method |
| CN106358962A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-02-01 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | Hybrid seedling culture method for improved loquats |
| CN106937576B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2020-05-19 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for shortening juvenile period of loquat |
| CN106538336A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-29 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | It is a kind of to be colonized the cultural method that the tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time |
| CN106718555A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 泸县海潮枇杷专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of loquat seedling |
| CN106962103A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of cherry cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting |
| CN107439300A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method of Loquat Seeds nursery |
| CN107258457A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-20 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of loquat high yield |
| CN107820880A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-23 | 巢湖市年晟农业生态有限公司 | A kind of method of loquat grafting cultivation |
| CN107873372A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-06 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of method for planting loquat |
| CN108781983A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-13 | 广西农垦国有立新农场 | A kind of tribute mandarin orange downgrades the implantation methods of high yield |
| CN109526512B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-02-26 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Cultivation method for improving early yield of loquats |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN115024143B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings |
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