CN103392488B - Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cluster buds of broccoli male sterile line plants are taken as cuttings, after being subjected sterilization and root promotion substance processing, the cuttings are inserted into a cutting seedbed, water is evenly sprinkled for thoroughly irrigating the cutting seedbed; (2) after cutting, the germicidal treatment is performed on the cutting seedbed, and periodical fertilization is carried out, after the cuttings take roots, seedlings are obtained; (3) the obtained seedlings are subjected to hardening seedling and temporary planting, and then are transplanted to a field. According to the invention, the method that using the cluster bud cutting for propagation is adopted, the cluster buds are converted into plants applied to production, and the waster is turned into change waste into treasure, so that the utilization efficiency is improved, the seedling raising cost is reduced by 30-50 percent, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cuttage and seedling culture, be specifically related to a kind of method of broccoli male sterile line Multiple Buds cuttage and seedling culture.
Background technology
Broccoli is a mutation of Cruciferae Brassica genus brassica specie, and edible organs is bouquet, originates in Mediterranean, 19th century imported south China into, due to its tender succulence, delicious flavour, dark liking by consumers in general, occupies critical role in China's vegetable growing and year-round supply.
At present, broccoli breeding mainly adopts a method hybridization generation for male sterile line.Utilize cytoplasm male sterility line preparing hybrid kind, the decline of self incompatible line artificial bud pollination reproductive-cost high, long-term selfing vitality continuously can be overcome, hybrid rate is difficult to reach the defect such as 100% by environmental constraints, breed parent than dominant genic male sterility system again simple.Simultaneously this male sterile line has that transformation is simple, sterility thorough, and with the crossbreed of its preparation, land for growing field crops hybrid purity can ensure to reach 100%.In recent years, applicant, by field seed selection and outside introduction, obtains some cytoplasm male sterility line materials, but due to fuzzy to its genetic background, not yet finds good maintainer, but needs aborning preserve it and expand numerous, to meet breeding needs.
And one of the method for cottage propagation vegetative important technical that is plant, have variability little, take root be easier to, the advantage such as survival rate is high, fringe bar abundance.The key of cottage propagation is two aspects: one is permeability, the water content control of medium of seedling bed; Two is that in microenvironment, air humidity and temperature control.In existing achievement in research and documents and materials, the water content of medium of seedling bed and permeability are mainly by adopting soil+husky (Liu Chengxiu etc., 2013, 41 (4): 1812-813, 1821, Agriculture of Anhui science), river sand (Cui Xiangdong etc., 2013(05): 56-59, north gardening), peat soil+perlite (+vermiculite) (Huang Qinjun etc., 2013, 33 (1): 27-33, Southwest Forestry University's journal), 200510010446.3) etc. the peat composed of rotten mosses+sand (application number: material builds well-drained seedbed, also have and directly adopt clay to do seedbed (application number: 200810049352.0).And seedbed microenvironment air relative moisture mainly adopts automatic spraying system to control.These methods are applied to the fields such as veterinary antibiotics, flower gardening material, achievements in forest-tree seedling, traditional Chinese medicine more.
The method of tissue cultures is adopted to carry out preservation in laboratory more with report numerous soon.(Zhejiang Agricultural Univ's journal such as Li Shuxuan, 1983,9 (4): 299-306), (the Agriculture in Jiangxi journal such as Tang Zheng, 2007,19 (3): 54-56), (Agricultural University Of Southwest's journal: natural science edition such as Qin Yaoguo, 2005,27 (5): 653-656), superfine (the Jiangsu's agriculture journal of Zhang Zhen, 2011,27 (3): 680-68) broccoli different tissues position is adopted, successfully establish broccoli tissue culture quick breeding technical system, and enter production application.But tissue culture method, concerning general grass-roots unit or plantation peasant household, has high input, technical requirement is high, be difficult to realize.He Daogen etc. (China's Vegetable, 2006(2): 51) utilize the side shoot plucked on the plant of broccoli curd to carry out cuttage as test material, achieve good effect.Therefore a kind of easy, effective method is needed, to solve the problem run in production.
Summary of the invention
For the problem of broccoli male sterile line propagation difficulty, the invention provides a kind of method of broccoli cuttage and seedling culture, the Multiple Buds of broccoli male sterile line plant makes cuttings, carry out cuttage and seedling culture, Multiple Buds is converted to the plant producing upper application, turn waste into wealth, improve utilization ratio, seedling cost can be made to reduce by more than 30%.
A method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) Multiple Buds getting broccoli male sterile line plant makes cuttings, and after sterilization and hestening rooting mass treatment, insert cuttage seedbed, uniform sprinkling irrigates cuttage seedbed;
(2) after cuttage, cuttage seedbed is carried out disinfection sterilization processing, and regularly applies fertilizer, after cuttage rooting seedling;
(3) by gained seedling hardening, rear transplanting land for growing field crops is heeled in.
Broccoli has very strong Multiple Buds generating ability, and at later stages, plants stems and root pumping can go out many Multiple Buds, utilize that Multiple Buds does cuttings, soil adds seedling medium and does seedbed, can not only reproductive-cost be reduced, and can economize on resources and the energy, reduce the destruction to environment.In addition, the cuttage facility adopted is easy, is easy to realize.The most important thing is the seedling obtained, with seedling and plantlet in vitro no significant difference, plant growing way is good, is easy to survive, and has important using value.
As preferably, described Multiple Buds is the Multiple Buds of lignification or semi-lignified.Select the Multiple Buds more convenient operation in this period, survival rate is higher.
As preferably, the long 5 ~ 15cm of described cuttings, the insertion depth on cuttage seedbed is 3 ~ 5cm.The length of cuttings and insertion depth have a certain impact for the survival rate of cuttage, the cuttings selecting 5 ~ 15cm long cuttage survival rate when inserting 3 ~ 5cm is higher.
Must aseptic process be carried out before cuttings cuttage, as preferably, 800 ~ 1000 times of dilutions of material used to be mass percentage concentration the be tpn of 75% ~ 80% during described sterilization.
Need before cuttings cuttage to process with materials such as somatotropin, promote the taking root of cuttings, as preferably, the indolebutyric acid-3-butyric acid solution of described hestening rooting material to be concentration be 200mg/kg.
As preferably, the cutting medium in described cuttage seedbed is the mixture of seedling medium and river sand 3.5 ~ 4.5:1 by volume, and the thickness of described seedling medium is 4 ~ 7cm.
Described seedling medium is preferably Pin Shi special seedling substrate, is commercial goods, such as, can select Pin Shi Top of Denmark peat raise seedling dedicated substrate; Described cuttage seedbed selection fertile soil, the plot that physical features is good.
As preferably, set up shed in step (1) on described cuttage seedbed, shed is put up double-layer polyethylene Anti-fogging Film and black sunshade net, in maintenance shed, before cuttage rooting, temperature is 18 ~ 28 DEG C, relative moisture more than 80%; Cuttage rooting phase temperature is 20 ~ 28 DEG C, relative moisture more than 85%.
Further preferably, the height of described shed is 0.6 ~ 1m, wide 1.4 ~ 1.6m, and long 3 ~ 5m, sets up shading shed apart from 0.4 ~ 0.5m place, shed top, shading shed covers described black shading screen.Described shed can adopt reinforcing bar, bamboo is split and makes with other material.
Described hardening process is:
Reduce relative moisture to 60 ~ 80% in shed gradually, sunshade net is added a cover when intensity of illumination is greater than 2000lx, in illumination lower than the double-layer polyethylene Anti-fogging Film raising shed when 800lx, make seedling progressively reform of nature environment, the hardening time is 2 ~ 5 days.
Regular fertilising refer at interval of 10 fertilising once, fertilizer be commercially available composite fertilizer
In step (2), cuttage starts to shade in time, and daytime, temperature of shed preferably maintained 25 DEG C ± 1 DEG C; Should weeding in time after cuttage, note diseases prevention, insect protected, can 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid controls of spraying tpn when there is leaf spot, 1000 times of BT solution can be adopted to pest control.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) adopt special seedling substrate+river sand to build seedbed, there is the advantage of moisturizing, ventilation, simple, easy to operate.
(2) cuttage survival rate that this method obtains is greater than 93%, and growth of cuttage seedlings is healthy and strong, and field growing way is good.
(3), in general production, Multiple Buds is not as material use, and the present invention adopts the method for Multiple Buds cottage propagation, Multiple Buds is converted to the plant producing upper application, turn waste into wealth, improve utilization ratio, seedling cost can be made to reduce by more than 30%, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1) the planning cuttage seedbed, plot selecting fertile soil, physical features good, seedbed thing extends, the wide 1.3m of bed surface, long 5m, a little higher than earth's surface of bed surface, and bed soil rake is broken, loose smooth.Top layer, seedbed matrix is based on Pin Shi vegetable seedling substrate, and river sand is auxiliary, and its volume ratio is 4:1, and mixing, be laid in surface, seedbed, thickness about 5cm, the matrix that both prepare has good gas permeability and moisture capacity.
2) shed adopts reinforcing bar (or bamboo chip) to make, and it is highly 0.8m, wide 1.4m, long 5m.Cover double-layer polyethylene Anti-fogging Film above shed, be about 0.45m place at distance shed top and set up shading shed, shading shed is made up of irony support, iron wire and black sunshade net.
3) at the beginning of 6 months, choose raw lignified broccoli male sterile line plant Multiple Buds then and do cuttings, long about the 10cm of cuttings.Ready access upon use is answered in cutting, avoid dehydration as far as possible, first use 800 ~ 1000 times of (multiple of dilution) the dilution sterilizings 5 minutes as commercially available tpn wetting powder, pulling rear immersion concentration out is in the indolebutyric acid-3-butyric acid solution of 200mg/kg 10 minutes, the cuttings handled well is inserted on ready-made seedbed, insertion depth about 4cm, density 5cm × 5cm.
4) should, with inserting with uniform sprinkling, moisture be made to soak into matrix, and and then cover bilayer film button canopy, also will covered with sunshade net thereon when sunny temperature is higher, after whole cuttage, film periphery wants compacting, avoids ventilative, with moisturizing.
5) manage the phase after cuttage, use weekly tpn solution (the same) carry out sterilizing to seedbed and apply fertilizer, once, temperature of shed controls at 18 ~ 28 DEG C, and relative moisture controls more than 80% in interval fertilising in 10 days; The cuttage rooting phase, temperature of shed controls at 20 ~ 28 DEG C, and relative moisture controls more than 85%;
6) after cuttage rooting 2 ~ 5 days, reduce shed humidity to 60 ~ 80% gradually, when intensity of illumination is large, outside booth and shed, add a cover sunshade net, raise the polyethylene dripless film of shed when light is weak, to increase illumination.Cutting survival seedling is because root system is few, root layer is shallow, and drought-resistant ability is poor, so often will water according to soil moisture situation, long prosperous gradually with plant, the corresponding minimizing of irrigation times, now should progressively remove shed film, makes plant progressively reform of nature environmental condition.
7) in 9 ~ October, first 20 days of field planting, cuttage plant from seedbed out, be transplanted to booth and heel in, when plant to be planted growth has 5 ~ 6 leaves, root system healthy and strong, field planting is to land for growing field crops.
Test finds, the broccoli Multiple Buds survival rate 94% obtained by the method for cuttage, and the growing state of plant in field and seedling from seed are without significant difference.The results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The broccoli male sterile line plant Multiple Buds of raw semi-lignified is then selected to do cuttings, long about the 6cm of cuttings, top layer, seedbed matrix is based on Pin Shi vegetable seedling substrate, river sand is auxiliary, and its volume ratio is 4:1, mixing, be laid in surface, seedbed, thickness about 6cm, the insertion depth of cuttings is about 3cm, and other operations are with embodiment 1.
Obtain broccoli Multiple Buds survival rate 95% by this embodiment, the growing state of plant in field and seedling from seed are without significant difference.The results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
Raw lignified broccoli male sterile line plant Multiple Buds is then selected to do cuttings, long about the 14cm of cuttings, top layer, seedbed matrix is based on Pin Shi vegetable seedling substrate, river sand is auxiliary, and its volume ratio is 4.5:1, mixing, be laid in surface, seedbed, thickness about 7cm, the insertion depth of cuttings is about 5cm, and other operations are with embodiment 1.
Obtain broccoli Multiple Buds survival rate 96% by this embodiment, the growing state of plant in field and seedling from seed are without significant difference.The results are shown in Table 1.
The different embodiment cuttage seeding of table 1 and seedling from seed contrast situation
| Reduced parameter | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Seedling from seed |
| Survival rate/% | 94 | 95 | 96 | 90～94 |
| Reduce costs | 30 | 32 | 34 | 0 |
| Plant strain growth situation | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong |
| Field growing way | Good | Good | Good | Generally |
Embodiment 4
Second Year subsequently adopts method of the present invention to carry out cuttage and seedling culture, namely repeats above-described embodiment 1 ~ 3 at Second Year subsequently, and result obtains the same survival rate of same First Year, proves that seedling-cultivating method of the present invention has good stability.The results are shown in Table 2.
The different embodiment of table 2 and seedling from seed repeated test effect situation
| Reduced parameter | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Seedling from seed |
| Survival rate/% | 94.5 | 95.5 | 97 | 90～94 |
| Reduce costs | 30.5 | 32.5 | 34 | 0 |
| Plant strain growth situation | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong |
| Field growing way | Good | Good | Good | Generally |
Comparative example
Adopt the lateral bud of broccoli male sterile line plant as cuttings, cutting length about 10cm, other operations are with embodiment 1.Result shows, and the cuttage survival rate obtained by comparative example is only 50%, unstable after between transplant field.
From the result of above embodiment and comparative example, cuttage and seedling culture method cuttage survival rate of the present invention is greater than 93%, growth of cuttage seedlings is healthy and strong, field growing way is good, adopts the method for Multiple Buds cottage propagation, Multiple Buds is converted to the plant producing upper application, turn waste into wealth, improve utilization ratio, seedling cost can be made to reduce by more than 30%, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (6)
1. a method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) Multiple Buds getting broccoli male sterile line plant makes cuttings, and after sterilization and hestening rooting mass treatment, insert cuttage seedbed, uniform sprinkling irrigates cuttage seedbed;
Described Multiple Buds is the Multiple Buds of lignification or semi-lignified;
The cutting medium in described cuttage seedbed is the mixture of seedling medium and river sand 3.5 ~ 4.5:1 by volume, and the thickness of described seedling medium is 4 ~ 7cm, and described seedling medium is Pin Shi Top of Denmark peat raise seedling dedicated substrate;
Shed is set up in described cuttage seedbed, shed is put up double-layer polyethylene Anti-fogging Film and black sunshade net, in maintenance shed, before cuttage rooting, temperature is 18 ~ 28 DEG C, relative moisture more than 80%; Cuttage rooting phase temperature is 20 ~ 28 DEG C, relative moisture more than 85%;
(2) after cuttage, cuttage seedbed is carried out disinfection sterilization processing, and regularly applies fertilizer, after cuttage rooting seedling;
(3) by gained seedling hardening, rear transplanting land for growing field crops is heeled in;
Described hardening process is: reduce relative moisture to 60% ~ 80% in shed gradually, sunshade net is added a cover when intensity of illumination is large, raise the double-layer polyethylene Anti-fogging Film of shed when light is weak, make seedling progressively reform of nature environment, the hardening time is 2 ~ 5 days.
2. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the long 5 ~ 15cm of described cuttings, the insertion depth on cuttage seedbed is 3 ~ 5cm.
3. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, 800 ~ 1000 times of dilutions of material used to be mass percentage concentration the be tpn of 75% ~ 80% during described sterilization.
4. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the indolebutyric acid-3-butyric acid solution of described hestening rooting material to be concentration be 200mg/kg.
5. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the height of described shed is 0.6 ~ 1m, wide 1.4 ~ 1.6m, and long 3 ~ 5m, sets up shading shed apart from 0.4 ~ 0.5m place, shed top, shading shed covers described black shading screen.
6. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, regularly fertilising is at interval of fertilising in 10 days once.
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| CN106069765B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-06-26 | 李友星 | A kind of tissue method for culturing seedlings of cauliflower |
| CN106797879A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-06 | 康盛京构（北京）科技有限公司 | One kind simulation tissue culture method and application |
| CN107258547A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-20 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of cauliflower Multiple Buds regeneration plant and application |
| CN107624520A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-26 | 贵州省紫云自治县绿宏农业开发有限公司 | A kind of broccoli method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN108925264A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-04 | 紫云自治县富民种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of method of cauliflower transplanting |
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| 用扦插法繁殖和保存青花菜材料;何道根等;《中国蔬菜》;20060228(第02期);51 * |
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