CN103392488A - Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103392488A CN103392488A CN2013103517890A CN201310351789A CN103392488A CN 103392488 A CN103392488 A CN 103392488A CN 2013103517890 A CN2013103517890 A CN 2013103517890A CN 201310351789 A CN201310351789 A CN 201310351789A CN 103392488 A CN103392488 A CN 103392488A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cuttage
- broccoli
- seedling
- shed
- seedbed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000474 Heel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000249 desinfective Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMDAuNScgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5IPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMjYuMScgeT0nMTg2LjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID4yPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002070 germicidal Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 206010021929 Infertility male Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001055 Brassica oleracea var. italica Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000000805 Cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- LBLSRDDHGILUJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1H-indol-2-yl)butanoic acid Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='300px' height='300px' viewBox='0 0 300 300'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='300.0' height='300.0' x='0.0' y='0.0'> </rect>
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 23.9,185.3 L 13.6,152.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 28.9,178.4 L 21.7,155.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-14 atom-14 atom-0' d='M 57.3,192.7 L 23.9,185.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 13.6,152.7 L 36.7,127.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 36.7,127.5 L 70.1,134.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 40.2,135.3 L 63.6,140.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 70.1,134.9 L 78.7,128.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 78.7,128.7 L 87.3,122.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-15 atom-13 atom-3' d='M 80.3,167.5 L 70.1,134.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 108.3,122.8 L 116.8,129.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 116.8,129.1 L 125.3,135.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 125.3,135.3 L 157.9,125.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-11 atom-5 atom-12' d='M 125.3,135.3 L 114.5,167.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-11 atom-5 atom-12' d='M 117.2,138.0 L 109.6,160.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 157.9,125.1 L 183.1,148.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 183.1,148.1 L 215.7,137.8' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 215.7,137.8 L 240.9,160.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 237.5,160.2 L 235.1,171.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 235.1,171.0 L 232.7,181.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 244.2,161.6 L 241.8,172.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 241.8,172.5 L 239.4,183.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-11' d='M 240.9,160.9 L 251.4,157.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-11' d='M 251.4,157.6 L 262.0,154.2' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-12 atom-12 atom-13' d='M 114.5,167.7 L 80.3,167.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-13 atom-13 atom-14' d='M 80.3,167.5 L 57.3,192.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-13 atom-13 atom-14' d='M 71.8,166.6 L 55.7,184.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<text x='93.7' y='121.9' class='atom-4' style='font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='93.7' y='109.9' class='atom-4' style='font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >H</text>
<text x='229.4' y='201.1' class='atom-10' style='font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >O</text>
<text x='269.3' y='157.4' class='atom-11' style='font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >O</text>
<text x='278.8' y='157.4' class='atom-11' style='font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >H</text>
</svg>
 data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='85px' height='85px' viewBox='0 0 85 85'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='85.0' height='85.0' x='0.0' y='0.0'> </rect>
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 6.2,52.4 L 3.4,43.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 7.6,50.4 L 5.6,44.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-14 atom-14 atom-0' d='M 15.5,54.4 L 6.2,52.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 3.4,43.3 L 9.8,36.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 9.8,36.3 L 19.0,38.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 10.7,38.5 L 17.2,39.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 19.0,38.4 L 21.9,36.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 21.9,36.3 L 24.7,34.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-15 atom-13 atom-3' d='M 21.9,47.4 L 19.0,38.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 28.8,34.4 L 31.6,36.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 31.6,36.4 L 34.4,38.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 34.4,38.5 L 43.4,35.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-11 atom-5 atom-12' d='M 34.4,38.5 L 31.4,47.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-11 atom-5 atom-12' d='M 32.1,39.2 L 30.0,45.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 43.4,35.6 L 50.4,42.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 50.4,42.0 L 59.5,39.2' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 59.5,39.2 L 66.5,45.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 65.5,45.4 L 64.7,49.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 64.7,49.0 L 63.9,52.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 67.4,45.8 L 66.6,49.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-9 atom-10' d='M 66.6,49.4 L 65.8,53.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-11' d='M 66.5,45.6 L 70.0,44.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-11' d='M 70.0,44.5 L 73.5,43.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-12 atom-12 atom-13' d='M 31.4,47.5 L 21.9,47.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-13 atom-13 atom-14' d='M 21.9,47.4 L 15.5,54.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-13 atom-13 atom-14' d='M 19.5,47.2 L 15.0,52.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<text x='24.9' y='35.9' class='atom-4' style='font-size:6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='24.9' y='30.6' class='atom-4' style='font-size:6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >H</text>
<text x='62.6' y='57.8' class='atom-10' style='font-size:6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >O</text>
<text x='73.7' y='45.7' class='atom-11' style='font-size:6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >O</text>
<text x='77.8' y='45.7' class='atom-11' style='font-size:6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >H</text>
</svg>
 C1=CC=C2NC(CCCC(=O)O)=CC2=C1 LBLSRDDHGILUJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organs Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006308 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000803 sterility Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cluster buds of broccoli male sterile line plants are taken as cuttings, after being subjected sterilization and root promotion substance processing, the cuttings are inserted into a cutting seedbed, water is evenly sprinkled for thoroughly irrigating the cutting seedbed; (2) after cutting, the germicidal treatment is performed on the cutting seedbed, and periodical fertilization is carried out, after the cuttings take roots, seedlings are obtained; (3) the obtained seedlings are subjected to hardening seedling and temporary planting, and then are transplanted to a field. According to the invention, the method that using the cluster bud cutting for propagation is adopted, the cluster buds are converted into plants applied to production, and the waster is turned into change waste into treasure, so that the utilization efficiency is improved, the seedling raising cost is reduced by 30-50 percent, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cuttage and seedling culture, be specifically related to a kind of method of broccoli male sterile line Multiple Buds cuttage and seedling culture.
Background technology
Broccoli is the mutation that the Cruciferae rape belongs to brassica specie, and edible organs is bouquet, originates in Mediterranean, 19th century were imported south China into, due to its tender succulence, delicious flavour, deeply be subjected to liking of consumers in general, occupy critical role in China's vegetable growing and year-round supply.
At present, the broccoli breeding is mainly a method hybridization generation that adopts male sterile line.Utilize cytoplasm male sterility line preparing hybrid kind, can overcome the decline of high, the long-term selfing vitality continuously of the artificial bud pollination reproductive-cost of self incompatible line, hybrid rate and be subjected to environmental constraints to be difficult to reach the defect such as 100%, breed the parent than dominant genic male sterility system again simple.Simultaneously this male sterile line has that transformation is simple, sterility is thorough, and with the crossbreed of its preparation, the land for growing field crops hybrid purity can guarantee to reach 100%.In recent years, the applicant, by field seed selection and outside the introduction, has obtained some cytoplasm male sterility line materials, but, due to fuzzy to its genetic background, has not yet found maintainer preferably, but need aborning to its preservation and expand numerous, to meet the breeding needs.
And the method for cottage propagation is one of vegetative important technical of plant, has that variability is little, taking root the advantage such as is easier to, survival rate is high, fringe bar source is abundant.The key of cottage propagation is two aspects: the one, and the permeability of medium of seedling bed, water content are controlled; The 2nd, microenvironment Air humidity and temperature is controlled.in existing achievement in research and documents and materials, the water content of medium of seedling bed and permeability are mainly by adopting soil+sand (Liu Chengxiu etc., 2013, 41 (4): 1812-813, 1821, the Agriculture of Anhui science), river sand (Cui Xiangdong etc., 2013(05): 56-59, north gardening), peat soil+perlite (+vermiculite) (Huang Qinjun etc., 2013, 33 (1): 27-33, southwest Forestry University journal), 200510010446.3) etc. (application number: material is built well-drained seedbed to the peat composed of rotten mosses+sand, also there is direct employing clay to do seedbed (application number: 200810049352.0).And seedbed microenvironment relative air humidity is mainly to adopt automatic spraying system to control.These methods are applied to the fields such as vegetables, fruit, flower gardening material, achievements in forest-tree seedling, traditional Chinese medicine more.
The method that adopts tissue to cultivate in laboratory is preserved with fast numerous report more.(Zhejiang Agricultural Univ's journal such as Li Shuxuan, 1983,9 (4): 299-306), (Agriculture in Jiangxi journal, 2007,19 (3): 54-56), (Agricultural University Of Southwest's journal: natural science edition such as Qin Yaoguo such as Tang Zheng, 2005,27 (5): 653-656), Zhang Zhen superfine (Jiangsu agricultural journal, 2011,27 (3): 680-68) adopt broccoli different tissues position, successfully set up broccoli tissue culture quick breeding technical system, and entered production application.Yet tissue culture method concerning general grass-roots unit or plantation peasant household, has high input, specification requirement is high, is difficult to realize.He Daogen etc. (China's Vegetable, 2006(2): 51) utilize the side shoot on the plant of having plucked broccoli curd to carry out cuttage as test material, obtained effect preferably.Therefore need a kind of easy, effective method, to solve the problem that runs in production.
Summary of the invention
Problem for broccoli male sterile line propagation difficulty, the invention provides a kind of method of broccoli cuttage and seedling culture, the Multiple Buds of broccoli male sterile line plant is made plugged ear, carry out cuttage and seedling culture, Multiple Buds is converted to the plant that produces upper application, turn waste into wealth, improved utilization ratio, can make seedling cost reduce more than 30%.
A kind of method of broccoli cuttage and seedling culture, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) Multiple Buds of getting broccoli male sterile line plant is made plugged ear, inserts the cuttage seedbed after sterilization and hestening rooting mass treatment, and uniform sprinkling irrigates the cuttage seedbed;
(2) after cuttage to the cuttage seedbed sterilization processing that carries out disinfection, and regularly fertilising, after cuttage rooting seedling;
(3), with gained seedling hardening, heel in rear transplanting land for growing field crops.
Broccoli has very strong Multiple Buds generating ability, and at later stages, plants stems and root can pumping go out many Multiple Buds, utilize Multiple Buds to do plugged ear, soil adds seedling medium and does seedbed, not only can reduce reproductive-cost, and can economize on resources and the energy, reduce the destruction to environment.In addition, the cuttage facility that adopts is easy, is easy to realize.The most important thing is the seedling that obtains, with seedling and group training seedling no significant difference, the plant growing way is good, is easy to survive, and has important using value.
As preferably, described Multiple Buds is the Multiple Buds of lignification or semi-lignified.Select the Multiple Buds more convenient operation in this period, survival rate is higher.
As preferably, the long 5～15cm of described plugged ear, the insertion depth on the cuttage seedbed is 3～5cm.The length of plugged ear and insertion depth have a certain impact for the survival rate of cuttage, and the cuttage survival rate when selecting the long plugged ear of 5～15cm and inserting 3～5cm is higher.
Must carry out aseptic process before the plugged ear cuttage, as preferably, during described sterilization, material used is that mass percentage concentration is 800～1000 times of dilutions of 75%～80% tpn.
Need before the plugged ear cuttage process with materials such as somatotropin, promote taking root of plugged ear, as preferably, described hestening rooting material is that concentration is the indolebutyric acid-3-butyric acid solution of 200mg/kg.
As preferably, the cutting medium in described cuttage seedbed is seedling medium and the river sand mixture of 3.5～4.5:1 by volume, and the thickness of described seedling medium is 4～7cm.
Described seedling medium is preferably the Pin Shi special seedling substrate, is commercial goods, for example can select Denmark Pin Shi Top peat raise seedling dedicated substrate; Described cuttage seedbed selection fertile soil, the plot that physical features is good.
As preferably, set up shed in step (1) on described cuttage seedbed, put up double-layer polyethylene on shed without dripping film and black sunshade net, keeping the front temperature of cuttage rooting in shed is 18～28 ℃, relative moisture is more than 80%; Cuttage rooting phase temperature is 20～28 ℃, and relative moisture is more than 85%.
Further preferred, the height of described shed is 0.6～1m, wide 1.4～1.6m, and long 3～5m, 0.4～0.5m place sets up shading shed apart from the shed top, covers described black shading screen on shading shed.Described shed can adopt reinforcing bar, bamboo to split with other material and make.
Described hardening process is:
Reduce gradually relative moisture to 60 in shed～80%, in the situation that intensity of illumination is added a cover sunshade net greater than 2000lx, in the situation that illumination is raised the double-layer polyethylene of shed without dripping film lower than 800lx, make progressively reform of nature environment of seedling, the hardening time is 2～5 days.
Regularly fertilising refers at interval of 10 fertilisings once, fertilizer be commercially available composite fertilizer
In step (2), cuttage starts and should in time shade, and daytime, temperature of shed preferably maintained 25 ℃ ± 1 ℃; In time weeding after cuttage, note diseases prevention, insect protected, but 800～1000 times of liquid controls of spraying tpn when leaf spot occurs can be adopted 1000 times of BT solution to pest control.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) adopt special seedling substrate+river sand to build seedbed, have advantages of moisturizing, ventilation, simple, easy to operate.
(2) cuttage survival rate of this method acquisition is greater than 93%, and growth of cuttage seedlings is healthy and strong, and the field growing way is good.
(3) on general production, Multiple Buds is that the present invention adopts the method for Multiple Buds cottage propagation not as material use, Multiple Buds is converted to the plant that produces upper application, turn waste into wealth, improved utilization ratio, seedling cost is reduced more than 30%, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1) select fertile soil, planning cuttage seedbed, plot that physical features is good, the seedbed thing extends, the wide 1.3m of bed surface, and long 5m, a little higher than earth's surface of bed surface, bed soil rake is broken, loosens smooth.Top layer, seedbed matrix is take the Pin Shi vegetable seedling substrate as main, and river sand is auxiliary, and its volume ratio is 4:1, mixes, and is tiled in the surface, seedbed, thickness 5cm left and right, and the matrix that both prepare has good gas permeability and moisture capacity.
2) shed adopts reinforcing bar (or bamboo chip) to make, and it is highly 0.8m, wide 1.4m, long 5m.Cover double-layer polyethylene above shed without dripping film, approximately 0.45m sets up shading shed in place at distance shed top, and shading shed is comprised of irony support, iron wire and black sunshade net.
3) at the beginning of 6 months, choose living lignified broccoli male sterile line plant Multiple Buds then and do plugged ear, the long 10cm of plugged ear left and right.Ready access upon use is answered in cutting, avoid dehydration as far as possible, first use as 800～1000 times of (multiple of dilution) dilution sterilizings of commercially available tpn wetting powder 5 minutes, pull in the indolebutyric acid that rear immersion concentration is 200mg/kg-3-butyric acid solution 10 minutes out, the plugged ear of handling well is inserted on ready-made seedbed, insertion depth 4cm left and right, density 5cm * 5cm.
4) should to make moisture soak into matrix, and and then cover bilayer film button canopy with inserting with uniform sprinkling, covered with sunshade net thereon also when sunny temperature is higher, all cuttages complete after, the film periphery is wanted compacting, avoids ventilative, with moisturizing.
5) the management phase after cuttage, use weekly tpn solution (the same) to carry out sterilizing, also fertilising to seedbed, once, temperature of shed is controlled at 18～28 ℃ in interval fertilising in 10 days, and relative moisture is controlled at more than 80%; The cuttage rooting phase, temperature of shed is controlled at 20～28 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at more than 85%;
6) after cuttage rooting 2～5 days, reduce gradually humidity to 60 in shed～80%,, in the situation that intensity of illumination is large, add a cover sunshade net outside booth and shed, in the situation that raise the polyethylene dripless film of shed a little less than light, to increase illumination.The cutting survival seedling is because root system is few, the root layer is shallow, and drought-resistant ability is poor, thus to often water according to the soil moisture situation, long prosperous gradually with plant, the corresponding minimizing of irrigation times, should progressively remove the shed film this moment, makes progressively reform of nature environmental condition of plant.
7) in 9～October, front 20 days of field planting, the cuttage plant from seedbed out, be transplanted to booth and heel in, plant to be planted growth has 5～6 leaves, when root system is healthy and strong, field planting, to land for growing field crops, gets final product.
Test finds, the broccoli Multiple Buds survival rate that the method by cuttage obtains reaches 94%, plant at the growing state in field and seedling from seed without significant difference.The results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The broccoli male sterile line plant Multiple Buds of selecting to give birth to then semi-lignified is done plugged ear, the long 6cm of plugged ear left and right, top layer, seedbed matrix is take the Pin Shi vegetable seedling substrate as main, river sand is auxiliary, and its volume ratio is 4:1, mixes, be tiled in the surface, seedbed, thickness 6cm left and right, the insertion depth of plugged ear are the 3cm left and right, and other operate with embodiment 1.
Obtain broccoli Multiple Buds survival rate by this embodiment and reach 95%, plant at the growing state in field and seedling from seed without significant difference.The results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
Select to give birth to then lignified broccoli male sterile line plant Multiple Buds and do plugged ear, the long 14cm of plugged ear left and right, top layer, seedbed matrix is take the Pin Shi vegetable seedling substrate as main, river sand is auxiliary, and its volume ratio is 4.5:1, mixes, be tiled in the surface, seedbed, thickness 7cm left and right, the insertion depth of plugged ear are the 5cm left and right, and other operate with embodiment 1.
Obtain broccoli Multiple Buds survival rate by this embodiment and reach 96%, plant at the growing state in field and seedling from seed without significant difference.The results are shown in Table 1.
The different embodiment cuttage seeding of table 1 and seedling from seed contrast situation
| Reduced parameter | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Seedling from seed |
| Survival rate/% | 94 | 95 | 96 | 90～94 |
| Reduce costs | 30 | 32 | 34 | 0 |
| The plant strain growth situation | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong |
| The field growing way | Good | Good | Good | Generally |
Embodiment 4
Adopt method of the present invention to carry out cuttage and seedling culture at subsequently Second Year, namely at subsequently Second Year repetitive operation above-described embodiment 1～3, result obtains the same survival rate of same First Year, proves that seedling-cultivating method of the present invention has good stability.The results are shown in Table 2.
The different embodiment of table 2 and seedling from seed repeated test effect situation
| Reduced parameter | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Seedling from seed |
| Survival rate/% | 94.5 | 95.5 | 97 | 90～94 |
| Reduce costs | 30.5 | 32.5 | 34 | 0 |
| The plant strain growth situation | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong | Healthy and strong |
| The field growing way | Good | Good | Good | Generally |
Comparative Examples
Adopt the lateral bud of broccoli male sterile line plant as plugged ear, cutting length 10cm left and right, other operate with embodiment 1.The result demonstration, the cuttage survival rate that is obtained by Comparative Examples is only 50%, and is rear unstable between transplant field.
By the result of above embodiment and Comparative Examples as can be known, cuttage and seedling culture method cuttage survival rate of the present invention is greater than 93%, growth of cuttage seedlings is healthy and strong, the field growing way is good, adopts the method for Multiple Buds cottage propagation, Multiple Buds is converted to the plant that produces upper application, turn waste into wealth, improved utilization ratio, seedling cost has been reduced more than 30%, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a broccoli cuttage and seedling culture, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) Multiple Buds of getting broccoli male sterile line plant is made plugged ear, inserts the cuttage seedbed after sterilization and hestening rooting mass treatment, and uniform sprinkling irrigates the cuttage seedbed;
(2) after cuttage to the cuttage seedbed sterilization processing that carries out disinfection, and regularly fertilising, after cuttage rooting seedling;
(3), with gained seedling hardening, heel in rear transplanting land for growing field crops.
2. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Multiple Buds is the Multiple Buds of lignification or semi-lignified.
3. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the long 5～15cm of described plugged ear, and the insertion depth on the cuttage seedbed is 3～5cm.
4. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during described sterilization, material used is that mass percentage concentration is 800～1000 times of dilutions of 75%～80% tpn.
5. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described hestening rooting material is that concentration is the indolebutyric acid-3-butyric acid solution of 200mg/kg.
6. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the cutting medium in described cuttage seedbed is seedling medium and the river sand mixture of 3.5～4.5:1 by volume, and the thickness of described seedling medium is 4～7cm.
7. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, set up shed in step (1) on described cuttage seedbed, put up double-layer polyethylene on shed without dripping film and black sunshade net, keeping the front temperature of cuttage rooting in shed is 18～28 ℃, and relative moisture is more than 80%; Cuttage rooting phase temperature is 20～28 ℃, and relative moisture is more than 85%.
8. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the height of described shed is 0.6～1m, wide 1.4～1.6m, and long 3～5m, 0.4～0.5m place sets up shading shed apart from the shed top, the described black shading screen of covering on shading shed.
9. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described hardening process is:
Reduce gradually relative moisture to 60 in shed～80%, in the situation that the large sunshade net of adding a cover of intensity of illumination, in the situation that the double-layer polyethylene of raising shed a little less than light makes progressively reform of nature environment of seedling without dripping film, the hardening time is 2～5 days.
10. the method for broccoli cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that, regularly fertilising is at interval of fertilising in 10 days once.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310351789.0A CN103392488B (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2013-08-13 | Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310351789.0A CN103392488B (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2013-08-13 | Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103392488A true CN103392488A (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| CN103392488B CN103392488B (en) | 2015-02-11 |
Family
ID=49556403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310351789.0A Active CN103392488B (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2013-08-13 | Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103392488B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069765A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 固镇县华原家庭农场 | A kind of tissue method for culturing seedlings of organic cauliflower |
| CN106797879A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-06 | 康盛京构（北京）科技有限公司 | One kind simulation tissue culture method and application |
| CN107258547A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-20 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of cauliflower Multiple Buds regeneration plant and application |
| CN107624520A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-26 | 贵州省紫云自治县绿宏农业开发有限公司 | A kind of broccoli method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108703074A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-26 | 东北农业大学 | The interim preservation of wild cabbage male sterile plant and asexual reproduction method |
| CN108925264A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-04 | 紫云自治县富民种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of method of cauliflower transplanting |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007267616A (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Graduate School For The Creation Of New Photonics Industries | Method for cultivating leaf vegetable |
| CN101352145A (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-28 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Seedling cultivation method in tissue culture container and special container thereof |
| CN102550249A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-11 | 上海博琛生物科技有限公司 | Root-scalding cultivation method for broccoli |
| CN103168606A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-06-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for cultivating broccoli in greenhouse at high yield and high efficiency |
| CN103210848A (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2013-07-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Broccoli lateral branch cultivating plant and hybrid seed production method |
| CN103222383A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-07-31 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Seedling raising method for broccoli strong seedlings |
-
2013
- 2013-08-13 CN CN201310351789.0A patent/CN103392488B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007267616A (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Graduate School For The Creation Of New Photonics Industries | Method for cultivating leaf vegetable |
| CN101352145A (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-28 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Seedling cultivation method in tissue culture container and special container thereof |
| CN102550249A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-11 | 上海博琛生物科技有限公司 | Root-scalding cultivation method for broccoli |
| CN103168606A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-06-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for cultivating broccoli in greenhouse at high yield and high efficiency |
| CN103222383A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-07-31 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Seedling raising method for broccoli strong seedlings |
| CN103210848A (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2013-07-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Broccoli lateral branch cultivating plant and hybrid seed production method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 何道根等: "用扦插法繁殖和保存青花菜材料", 《中国蔬菜》, no. 02, 28 February 2006 (2006-02-28) * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069765A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 固镇县华原家庭农场 | A kind of tissue method for culturing seedlings of organic cauliflower |
| CN106069765B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-06-26 | 李友星 | A kind of tissue method for culturing seedlings of cauliflower |
| CN106797879A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-06 | 康盛京构（北京）科技有限公司 | One kind simulation tissue culture method and application |
| CN107258547A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-20 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of cauliflower Multiple Buds regeneration plant and application |
| CN107624520A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-26 | 贵州省紫云自治县绿宏农业开发有限公司 | A kind of broccoli method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108703074A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-26 | 东北农业大学 | The interim preservation of wild cabbage male sterile plant and asexual reproduction method |
| CN108703074B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-10-01 | 东北农业大学 | Temporary preservation and asexual propagation method of cabbage male sterile plant |
| CN108925264A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-04 | 紫云自治县富民种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of method of cauliflower transplanting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103392488B (en) | 2015-02-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105993626B (en) | A kind of breeding method of potting Camellia nitidissima | |
| CN102612971B (en) | Rose cutting propagation method | |
| CN103392488B (en) | Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting | |
| CN103283450B (en) | Golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method | |
| CN105494005A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for seedling planting of camellia oleifera | |
| CN104542152A (en) | Passion fruit planting method | |
| CN101803518B (en) | Standardized plating method of Kunming begonia traditional Chinese medicinal materials | |
| CN107567935A (en) | A kind of plantation technique of Kiwi berry | |
| CN103477858A (en) | Cherry tomato planting method | |
| CN103299790A (en) | Method for planting pumpkin | |
| CN104380938A (en) | Local breeding technology for virus-free seedling of Korla pear | |
| CN105028089A (en) | Hard-wood cutting seedling method for Lagerstroemia indica Dynamite | |
| CN102113445B (en) | Method for raising seedlings of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by efficient twig cuttage propagation | |
| CN103609414A (en) | Organic ecotype soilless culture technology for muskmelons in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN102283007A (en) | Strawberry-water spinach paddy and dry field rotation cultivation method | |
| CN101536644A (en) | Method for fast asexual propagation by cottage at root and sowing roots of shinyleaf yellowhorn | |
| CN105475076A (en) | Ligustrun lucidum ait cutting and cultivating method | |
| CN106105951A (en) | A kind of horizontal linear supports the method for fist cultivation booth fruit Mulberry | |
| CN103329802A (en) | Pollution-free high-yield planting method for strawberries | |
| CN106069141A (en) | A kind of method of oriental cherry cutting propagation | |
| CN107047054A (en) | A kind of cultural method of more malva leaf interplanting edible gourd | |
| CN107409670A (en) | A kind of tobacco floating seed rearing pulls out method for transplanting under plant film | |
| CN105075781A (en) | Cultivating method for mulberries | |
| CN106973672A (en) | A kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of muskmelon | |
| CN104782364A (en) | Sweet potato branch pressing seedling cultivating method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20151030 Address after: 101 No. 212000 Zhenjiang city of Jiangsu Province, Runzhou District Nan Xu Road Patentee after: JIANGSU HUIZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICES CO., LTD. Address before: 212400 Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu province Jurong City Huayang Zhenning Hangzhou Road No. 112 Patentee before: Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City |
|
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: 212114 Zhenjiang, Zhejiang Province, Dantu high capital street, Xiangshan Road, No. 1 Patentee after: JIANGSU HUIZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICES CO., LTD. Address before: 101 No. 212000 Zhenjiang city of Jiangsu Province, Runzhou District Nan Xu Road Patentee before: JIANGSU HUIZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICES CO., LTD. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20190425 Address after: 233400 Chuangchuang Space, 1st Floor, Chuangchuang Space, 8th Floor, 2595 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu City, Anhui Province, A-43 Chuangchuang Space Patentee after: Bengbu Yongyuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 212114 No. 1 Xiangshan Road, high street, Dantu District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee before: JIANGSU HUIZHI INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICES CO., LTD. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20191129 Address after: 233100 Linhuai Town, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Yushan Grease Co., Ltd., Fengyang County Address before: 233400 Chuangchuang Space, 1st Floor, Chuangchuang Space, 8th Floor, 2595 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu City, Anhui Province, A-43 Chuangchuang Space Patentee before: Bengbu Yongyuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |