CN104380938A - Local breeding technology for virus-free seedling of Korla pear - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a local breeding technology for the virus-free seedling of Korla pear. The technology comprises the following steps: 1) raising the seedling of Korla pear by grafting; 2) raising the virus-free seedling by using the stem tip of Korla pear; 3) carrying out T-shaped bud grafting; and 4) cultivating Korla pear by using a flat shed net rack. According to the invention, through virus-free cultivation and micro-grafting of the stem tip of Korla pear, virus-free cultivation of the seedling of Korla pear is realized and the high-quality Korla pear seedling is produced; since appropriate rootstocks are selected from local Korla pear rootstocks, a cultivation model for Korla pear applicable in acidic soil is established; and since Korla pear has a shed frame shape, ventilation and light transmission are realized, strong wind resistance and high fruit quality are obtained, and management is easy.

Description

The woody native raising technology of Kuerle delicious pear detoxic seedling

Technical field

The present invention relates to fruit and breed field, refer more particularly to the woody native raising technology of a kind of Kuerle delicious pear detoxic seedling.

Background technology

Kuerle delicious pear (hereinafter referred to as bergamot pear) is the famous special product in Xinjiang, and because its meat is crisp, juice multi-flavor is sweet, at home and abroad on market, supply falls short of demand always.Kuerle delicious pear only has commercialization to cultivate in Kurle region, Xinjiang, still there is no the Kuerle delicious pear cultivation base of a upper scale interiorly, in the Soviet Union of Jiangsu, area is the intersection area in pears producing region, China north and south, there is good light and heat condition and be suitable for growing of Kuerle delicious pear, but industrialization development need solve nontoxic seedling and the shortage problem of proper stock in southern Acid soil, need to adopt facility cultivation mode to solve windproof and premature convergence problem, to improve safety and the high efficiency of cultivation simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the woody native raising technology of a kind of Kuerle delicious pear detoxic seedling, carry out virus-free culture and shoot-tip grafting to bergamot pear stem apex, the detoxification realizing Kuerle delicious pear nursery stock is cultivated, and produces domestic top quality bergamot pear nursery stock; By screening proper stock in local Pear rootstock, solve bergamot pear suitable cultivation pattern in acid ground; Windproof and the premature convergence problem of bergamot pear is solved by setting up flat canopy rack.

The present invention is achieved in that the woody native raising technology of Kuerle delicious pear detoxic seedling, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1) bergamot pear graft seedling growth

A site preparation and fertilization: select comparatively fertile soil deep ploughing 30 ~ 40cm, every mu of organic fertilizer 3 ~ 4 m3 during arable land, also can execute Chicken dung 1 m3 or cake fertilizer 100-200 kg, ridging does furrow, and furrow face width 2.2 m, will flatten in furrow;

B stock is cultivated: using birch-leaf pear, beans pears as graft stock, Stratificated treatment is hidden to birch-leaf pear, beans pears seed are husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators before sowing, birch-leaf pear, beans pears sowing depth are advisable with 2 ~ 3cm, seeding row spacing 3 m × 4m, at earthing bonnet straw or mulch film, the unearthed recession of seed sprouting removes or opening makes seedling grow;

C field management: when spring, temperature reached 9 DEG C, starts the teleblem that germinates in about 10 days, and at teleblem place, a broken duck eye draws seedling.Height of seedling 10 ~ 15 cm final singling, a healthy seedling is stayed in every strain, and about height of seedling 0.5 m rice, every mu imposes pear tree special fertilizer 30 kg, and height of seedling 1 about m imposes composite fertilizer 20 ~ 30 kg, hoes up weeds and loosens the soil, water depending on soil moisture content; The general plant height 1m of seedling then, 2m can be reached individually, start to send out side shoot at plant height about 0.5m, remove side shoot in time, damage by disease and insect is less, disease can use ambam, carbendazim to prevent and treat, for moth class and beetle insect pest, in the emergence period with medical treatments such as flolimat, decis, dichlorvos, nuvacron;

2) bergamot pear stem apex detoxify nursery

A gathers scion: introduce from Kurle region, Xinjiang that sprout is full, branch is healthy and strong, the pure high-quality bergamot pear kind fringe bar of kind property, and introduces part Dangshan pear and pear fringe bar for configuring pollinizers;

The pretreatment of b explant material: with bergamot pear stem apex for explant, rinses with running water and washing agent, then uses 70% alcohol solution dipping 10 ~ 30s sterilizing, then use sterile water wash 3 ~ 5 times;

C Shoot Tip Culture: be seeded in MS medium by the bergamot pear stem apex after sterilization, also needs in medium to add 6-BA:0.4 ~ 2mg/L, NAA:0.04-0.10mg/L and GA:0.1 ~ 0.2mg/L, promotes the formation of indefinite bud;

D Multiplying culture: the sprouting differentiated by stem apex cuts down, be inoculated on proliferated culture medium and carry out Multiplying culture, proliferated culture medium is: MS medium, adds 6-BA: 2.5 ~ 4mg/L, NAA:0.1 ~ 1mg/L and GA:0.5 ~ 1.5mg/L;

E stem apex is peeled off and inoculation: get the segment of above-mentioned aseptic seedling stem apex, peel off spire under anatomical lens, cuts the growing point of band leaf primordium, is inoculated into by the stem apex of stripping on MS medium, adds 6-BA: 0.04 ~ 3mg/L, NAA:0.04 ~ 0.25mg/L in MS medium;

The qualification of f detoxic seedling;

3) T-shaped bud grafting

A grafting time: 1 ~ August 1 June;

B Root-stock selection: select growing height to be birchleaf pear rootstock and the beans Pear rootstock of 60 ~ 100cm, liftoff half meter of cutting strunk, retains whole blade;

C graft seedling growth: adopt bud grafting method to carry out graft seedling growth on birch-leaf pear and beans pears anvil, under bud, the downward partial application in 3 cm places reaches the xylem of scion deeply, blade and scion are 50 degree of angles, on bud, 1 cm place is advanced into the first cutter place downwards and peels bud sheet, then cut at liftoff 3 cm places one with equally large T-shaped otch of buddering, by upper bud sheet, the agricultural film wide with 3 cm is wrapped up from below to up, waters once water thoroughly;

D tending management: after 10 days, some eye has started to sprout, 12 days afterwards in time solution tie up, bud retaining 1 ~ 2 leaf, to block and except sprouting;

E configures pollinizers: every 10 birch-leaf pears or beans pears anvil need to join 1 birch-leaf pear or beans pears grafting Dangshan pear or pear as pollinizers;

4) the flat canopy rack cultivation of bergamot pear

The tree-like feature of a: frame height 1.8 ~ 2.0 meters, the antirust steel wire in canopy face pulls into grid by the braiding of shuttling back and forth of the distance of 70 cm x 80 centimetres, surrounding support column, draws anchor by canopy face pillar fix tightly; Shed frame type pear tree heading height 80 centimetres, 3, major branch, full tree 6 side shoots, 12 secondary side shoots;

B First Year pruning: heading height is at 80 centimetres, after calmly doing, bud at quarter is carried out to 3 ~ 5 full buds under clip, promote to send out branch, the healthy and strong branch that 3 ~ 4 different directions of selecting and remain mid-July grow is cultivated as major branch, and drawn by branch and be bind on the steel wire grid at top, branch base angle is 40O ~ 50O, equiblibrium mass distribution space, when can't reach steel wire, through lead-in wire, branch is suspended on frame steel wire, by the healthy and strong branch of grafting, strong bud, space is made up to Shoot number deficiency;

C Second Year pruning: stay strong bud by major branch elongated shoot haircut, stay 3/4 ~ 2/3, continues to keep major branch head polar growth, and promotes the growth of grafting twig, impels major branch by the growth of 1 year, reaches strong and weak balance, every major branch to be selected and remain two side shoots, 1st side shoot is not less than 60 centimetres apart from the distance of trunk, 2nd side shoot is on the opposite of the 1st side shoot, the spacing of 2 side shoots on major branch is more than 30 centimetres, stay the bud of side shoot must be the young sprout of the sprouting of lateral bud on major branch, back, back of the body undershoot and other twigs should all be pruned, when tree height exceedes canopy face, branch master branch being exceeded canopy face draws to be tied up on frame, draw when tiing up, first the direction of extension of major branch is chosen, as far as possible not juxtaposition, and set level fixing as far as possible, strong bud is stayed to cut off tip, the spacing of side shoot on frame should not be less than 1 meter,

D pruning in the 3rd year: tree body skeleton basically forms, and each side shoot cultivates two secondary side shoots again, makes tree body form the tree crown of 3 major branches, 6 side shoots, 12 secondary side shoots;

E pruning in the 4th year: master branch and secondary side shoot continue to draw ties up frame, until cloth shelfful face, after entering the full bearing period, the main object of pruning is side shoot and branch group, elongated shoot that is main, side shoot continues overhanging level and draws and tie up, and remains that the growth vigor on major branch top and side shoot, secondary side shoot maintain certain subordinate relation; Major branch elongated shoot tip is kept upright, and side shoot top keeps miter angle, removes overstocked competitive branch and other secondary side shoots, makes branch mutual spacing be 18 ~ 22 centimetres; Frame tree management, by the funneling duplex being transitioned into the plane formula in later stage originally.

The present invention carries out virus-free culture and shoot-tip grafting to bergamot pear stem apex, and the detoxification realizing Kuerle delicious pear nursery stock is cultivated, and produces the bergamot pear nursery stock of high-quality; By screening proper stock in local Pear rootstock, solve bergamot pear suitable cultivation pattern in acid ground; The tree-like ventilation and penetrating light of shed frame type, wind resistance are strong, fruit high-quality and be convenient to management.

Embodiment

The woody native raising technology of Kuerle delicious pear detoxic seedling, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1) bergamot pear graft seedling growth

A site preparation and fertilization: select comparatively fertile soil deep ploughing 30 ~ 40cm, every mu of organic fertilizer 3 ~ 4 m3 during arable land, also can execute Chicken dung 1 m3 or cake fertilizer 100-200 kg, ridging does furrow, and furrow face width 2.2 m, will flatten in furrow;

B stock is cultivated: using birch-leaf pear, beans pears as graft stock, Stratificated treatment is hidden to birch-leaf pear, beans pears seed are husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators before sowing, birch-leaf pear, beans pears sowing depth are advisable with 2 ~ 3cm, seeding row spacing 3 m × 4m, at earthing bonnet straw or mulch film, the unearthed recession of seed sprouting removes or opening makes seedling grow;

C field management: when spring, temperature reached 9 DEG C, starts the teleblem that germinates in about 10 days, and at teleblem place, a broken duck eye draws seedling.Height of seedling 10 ~ 15 cm final singling, a healthy seedling is stayed in every strain, and about height of seedling 0.5 m rice, every mu imposes pear tree special fertilizer 30 kg, and height of seedling 1 about m imposes composite fertilizer 20 ~ 30 kg, hoes up weeds and loosens the soil, water depending on soil moisture content; The general plant height 1m of seedling then, 2m can be reached individually, start to send out side shoot at plant height about 0.5m, remove side shoot in time, damage by disease and insect is less, disease can use ambam, carbendazim to prevent and treat, for moth class and beetle insect pest, in the emergence period with medical treatments such as flolimat, decis, dichlorvos, nuvacron;

2) bergamot pear stem apex detoxify nursery

A gathers scion: introduce from Kurle region, Xinjiang that sprout is full, branch is healthy and strong, the pure high-quality bergamot pear kind fringe bar of kind property, and introduces part Dangshan pear and pear fringe bar for configuring pollinizers;

The pretreatment of b explant material: with bergamot pear stem apex for explant, rinses with running water and washing agent, then uses 70% alcohol solution dipping 10 ~ 30s sterilizing, then use sterile water wash 3 ~ 5 times;

C Shoot Tip Culture: be seeded in MS medium by the bergamot pear stem apex after sterilization, also needs in medium to add 6-BA:0.4 ~ 2mg/L, NAA:0.04-0.10mg/L and GA:0.1 ~ 0.2mg/L, promotes the formation of indefinite bud;

D Multiplying culture: the sprouting differentiated by stem apex cuts down, be inoculated on proliferated culture medium and carry out Multiplying culture, proliferated culture medium is: MS medium, adds 6-BA: 2.5 ~ 4mg/L, NAA:0.1 ~ 1mg/L and GA:0.5 ~ 1.5mg/L;

E stem apex is peeled off and inoculation: get the segment of above-mentioned aseptic seedling stem apex, peel off spire under anatomical lens, cuts the growing point of band leaf primordium, is inoculated into by the stem apex of stripping on MS medium, adds 6-BA: 0.04 ~ 3mg/L, NAA:0.04 ~ 0.25mg/L in MS medium;

The qualification of f detoxic seedling;

3) T-shaped bud grafting

A grafting time: 1 ~ August 1 June;

B Root-stock selection: select growing height to be birchleaf pear rootstock and the beans Pear rootstock of 60 ~ 100cm, liftoff half meter of cutting strunk, retains whole blade;

C graft seedling growth: adopt bud grafting method to carry out graft seedling growth on birch-leaf pear and beans pears anvil, under bud, the downward partial application in 3 cm places reaches the xylem of scion deeply, blade and scion are 50 degree of angles, on bud, 1 cm place is advanced into the first cutter place downwards and peels bud sheet, then cut at liftoff 3 cm places one with equally large T-shaped otch of buddering, by upper bud sheet, the agricultural film wide with 3 cm is wrapped up from below to up, waters once water thoroughly;

D tending management: after 10 days, some eye has started to sprout, 12 days afterwards in time solution tie up, bud retaining 1 ~ 2 leaf, to block and except sprouting;

E configures pollinizers: every 10 birch-leaf pears or beans pears anvil need to join 1 birch-leaf pear or beans pears grafting Dangshan pear or pear as pollinizers;

4) the flat canopy rack cultivation of bergamot pear

The tree-like feature of a: frame height 1.8 ~ 2.0 meters, the antirust steel wire in canopy face pulls into grid by the braiding of shuttling back and forth of the distance of 70 cm x 80 centimetres, surrounding support column, draws anchor by canopy face pillar fix tightly; Shed frame type pear tree heading height 80 centimetres, 3, major branch, full tree 6 side shoots, 12 secondary side shoots;

B First Year pruning: heading height is at 80 centimetres, after calmly doing, bud at quarter is carried out to 3 ~ 5 full buds under clip, promote to send out branch, the healthy and strong branch that 3 ~ 4 different directions of selecting and remain mid-July grow is cultivated as major branch, and drawn by branch and be bind on the steel wire grid at top, branch base angle is 40O ~ 50O, equiblibrium mass distribution space, when can't reach steel wire, through lead-in wire, branch is suspended on frame steel wire, by the healthy and strong branch of grafting, strong bud, space is made up to Shoot number deficiency;

C Second Year pruning: stay strong bud by major branch elongated shoot haircut, stay 3/4 ~ 2/3, continues to keep major branch head polar growth, and promotes the growth of grafting twig, impels major branch by the growth of 1 year, reaches strong and weak balance, every major branch to be selected and remain two side shoots, 1st side shoot is not less than 60 centimetres apart from the distance of trunk, 2nd side shoot is on the opposite of the 1st side shoot, the spacing of 2 side shoots on major branch is more than 30 centimetres, stay the bud of side shoot must be the young sprout of the sprouting of lateral bud on major branch, back, back of the body undershoot and other twigs should all be pruned, when tree height exceedes canopy face, branch master branch being exceeded canopy face draws to be tied up on frame, draw when tiing up, first the direction of extension of major branch is chosen, as far as possible not juxtaposition, and set level fixing as far as possible, strong bud is stayed to cut off tip, the spacing of side shoot on frame should not be less than 1 meter,

D pruning in the 3rd year: tree body skeleton basically forms, and each side shoot cultivates two secondary side shoots again, makes tree body form the tree crown of 3 major branches, 6 side shoots, 12 secondary side shoots;

E pruning in the 4th year: master branch and secondary side shoot continue to draw ties up frame, until cloth shelfful face, after entering the full bearing period, the main object of pruning is side shoot and branch group, elongated shoot that is main, side shoot continues overhanging level and draws and tie up, and remains that the growth vigor on major branch top and side shoot, secondary side shoot maintain certain subordinate relation; Major branch elongated shoot tip is kept upright, and side shoot top keeps miter angle, removes overstocked competitive branch and other secondary side shoots, makes branch mutual spacing be 18 ~ 22 centimetres; Frame tree management, by the funneling duplex being transitioned into the plane formula in later stage originally.

Claims (1)

1. the woody native raising technology of Kuerle delicious pear detoxic seedling, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1) bergamot pear graft seedling growth

A site preparation and fertilization: select comparatively fertile soil deep ploughing 30 ~ 40cm, every mu of organic fertilizer 3 ~ 4 m3 during arable land, also can execute Chicken dung 1 m3 or cake fertilizer 100-200 kg, ridging does furrow, and furrow face width 2.2 m, will flatten in furrow;

B stock is cultivated: using birch-leaf pear, beans pears as graft stock, Stratificated treatment is hidden to birch-leaf pear, beans pears seed are husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators before sowing, birch-leaf pear, beans pears sowing depth are advisable with 2 ~ 3cm, seeding row spacing 3 m × 4m, at earthing bonnet straw or mulch film, the unearthed recession of seed sprouting removes or opening makes seedling grow;

C field management: when spring, temperature reached 9 DEG C, within about 10 days, start the teleblem that germinates, at teleblem place, a broken duck eye draws seedling, height of seedling 10 ~ 15 cm final singling, a healthy seedling is stayed in every strain, about height of seedling 0.5 m rice, every mu imposes pear tree special fertilizer 30 kg, height of seedling 1 about m imposes composite fertilizer 20 ~ 30 kg, hoes up weeds and loosens the soil, water depending on soil moisture content; The general plant height 1m of seedling then, 2m can be reached individually, start to send out side shoot at plant height about 0.5m, remove side shoot in time, damage by disease and insect is less, disease can use ambam, carbendazim to prevent and treat, for moth class and beetle insect pest, in the emergence period with medical treatments such as flolimat, decis, dichlorvos, nuvacron;

2) bergamot pear stem apex detoxify nursery

A gathers scion: introduce from Kurle region, Xinjiang that sprout is full, branch is healthy and strong, the pure high-quality bergamot pear kind fringe bar of kind property, and introduces part Dangshan pear and pear fringe bar for configuring pollinizers;

The pretreatment of b explant material: with bergamot pear stem apex for explant, rinses with running water and washing agent, then uses 70% alcohol solution dipping 10 ~ 30s sterilizing, then use sterile water wash 3 ~ 5 times;

C Shoot Tip Culture: be seeded in MS medium by the bergamot pear stem apex after sterilization, also needs in medium to add 6-BA:0.4 ~ 2mg/L, NAA:0.04-0.10mg/L and GA:0.1 ~ 0.2mg/L, promotes the formation of indefinite bud;

D Multiplying culture: the sprouting differentiated by stem apex cuts down, be inoculated on proliferated culture medium and carry out Multiplying culture, proliferated culture medium is: MS medium, adds 6-BA:2.5 ~ 4mg/L, NAA:0.1 ~ 1mg/L and GA:0.5 ~ 1.5mg/L;

E stem apex is peeled off and inoculation: get the segment of above-mentioned aseptic seedling stem apex, peel off spire under anatomical lens, cuts the growing point of band leaf primordium, is inoculated into by the stem apex of stripping on MS medium, adds 6-BA: 0.04 ~ 3mg/L, NAA:0.04 ~ 0.25mg/L in MS medium;

The qualification of f detoxic seedling;

3) T-shaped bud grafting

A grafting time: 1 ~ August 1 June;

B Root-stock selection: select growing height to be birchleaf pear rootstock and the beans Pear rootstock of 60 ~ 100cm, liftoff half meter of cutting strunk, retains whole blade;

C graft seedling growth: adopt bud grafting method to carry out graft seedling growth on birch-leaf pear and beans pears anvil, under bud, the downward partial application in 3 cm places reaches the xylem of scion deeply, blade and scion are 50 degree of angles, on bud, 1 cm place is advanced into the first cutter place downwards and peels bud sheet, then cut at liftoff 3 cm places one with equally large T-shaped otch of buddering, by upper bud sheet, the agricultural film wide with 3 cm is wrapped up from below to up, waters once water thoroughly;

D tending management: after 10 days, some eye has started to sprout, 12 days afterwards in time solution tie up, bud retaining 1 ~ 2 leaf, to block and except sprouting;

E configures pollinizers: every 10 birch-leaf pears or beans pears anvil need to join 1 birch-leaf pear or beans pears grafting Dangshan pear or pear as pollinizers;

4) the flat canopy rack cultivation of bergamot pear

The tree-like feature of a: frame height 1.8 ~ 2.0 meters, the antirust steel wire in canopy face pulls into grid by the braiding of shuttling back and forth of the distance of 70 cm x 80 centimetres, surrounding support column, draws anchor by canopy face pillar fix tightly; Shed frame type pear tree heading height 80 centimetres, 3, major branch, full tree 6 side shoots, 12 secondary side shoots;

B First Year pruning: heading height is at 80 centimetres, after calmly doing, bud at quarter is carried out to 3 ~ 5 full buds under clip, promote to send out branch, the healthy and strong branch that 3 ~ 4 different directions of selecting and remain mid-July grow is cultivated as major branch, and drawn by branch and be bind on the steel wire grid at top, branch base angle is 40O ~ 50O, equiblibrium mass distribution space, when can't reach steel wire, through lead-in wire, branch is suspended on frame steel wire, by the healthy and strong branch of grafting, strong bud, space is made up to Shoot number deficiency;

C Second Year pruning: stay strong bud by major branch elongated shoot haircut, stay 3/4 ~ 2/3, continues to keep major branch head polar growth, and promotes the growth of grafting twig, impels major branch by the growth of 1 year, reaches strong and weak balance, every major branch to be selected and remain two side shoots, 1st side shoot is not less than 60 centimetres apart from the distance of trunk, 2nd side shoot is on the opposite of the 1st side shoot, the spacing of 2 side shoots on major branch is more than 30 centimetres, stay the bud of side shoot must be the young sprout of the sprouting of lateral bud on major branch, back, back of the body undershoot and other twigs should all be pruned, when tree height exceedes canopy face, branch master branch being exceeded canopy face draws to be tied up on frame, draw when tiing up, first the direction of extension of major branch is chosen, as far as possible not juxtaposition, and set level fixing as far as possible, strong bud is stayed to cut off tip, the spacing of side shoot on frame should not be less than 1 meter,

D pruning in the 3rd year: tree body skeleton basically forms, and each side shoot cultivates two secondary side shoots again, makes tree body form the tree crown of 3 major branches, 6 side shoots, 12 secondary side shoots;

E pruning in the 4th year: master branch and secondary side shoot continue to draw ties up frame, until cloth shelfful face, after entering the full bearing period, the main object of pruning is side shoot and branch group, elongated shoot that is main, side shoot continues overhanging level and draws and tie up, and remains that the growth vigor on major branch top and side shoot, secondary side shoot maintain certain subordinate relation; Major branch elongated shoot tip is kept upright, and side shoot top keeps miter angle, removes overstocked competitive branch and other secondary side shoots, makes branch mutual spacing be 18 ~ 22 centimetres; Frame tree management, by the funneling duplex being transitioned into the plane formula in later stage originally.