Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem existing in background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of output high, be of high nutritive value and the pollution-free grape high-yield cultivating method of non agricultural chemical residuum.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and the high-yield cultivating method of this pollution-free grape comprises the steps:
1., planting furrow processes: treating to offer the planting furrow being parallel to each other on kind of arable land, furrow width 80~100cm, ditch depth 60~80cm, ditch line-spacing is 2~3m; In planting furrow, by earth and the mutual mode of laying of fertilizer, fill and lead up, the thickness of every layer of earth is 5~10cm, and the thickness of every layer of fertilizer is 10~20cm, and top layer is dirt bed; Described fertilizer is the biological organic fertilizer that contains 1~3% rare earth;
2., plant bar acquisition and processing: before December, in conjunction with the winter cut select fully ripe, internode is short, without damage by disease and insect, annotinous branch that eye is full, sturdy, do female parent, branch is cut into the cuttings of 15~25cm, every section of cuttings is generally with 2~3 joints, upper end is apart from bud 2cm place straight snips, and lower end is near being cut into 20~70 degree inclined-planes under joint; Before cuttings cuttage, first with clear water, soak 10~15h, then soak cuttings lower end base portion 3~5cm 8~12h of place with 150mg/kg naphthalene acid solution;
3., cuttage: when late January to early Febuary, temperature reached 15~20 ℃, the cuttings of processing is inserted in planting furrow, spacing in the rows is 1.5~2m, after inserting, terminal bud is concordant with ground, disposablely water sufficient water, then after rudiment, intermittent is watered again, makes soil moisture in planting furrow remain on 20~40%;
4., building: set up single wall hedge frame at planting furrow, high 1.6~the 2m of frame, establishes a pillar every 5m, and the crutched epimere of institute is concordant, pillar top rail draw No. 8 or 3~4, No. 10 iron wires as frame face, iron wire height and the distance between each layer of iron wire is overhead 40~60cm;
5., shaping: seedling planting is sprouted and taken out after the tip, it is main climing selecting a sturdy young sprout to cultivate, pinching when leading shoot grows to 60cm left and right, cultivate two strong sublateral shoots, and drawn and tied up upwards growth on iron wire, pinching while growing to 60cm left and right, inspire secondary sublateral shoot, and using it as 2 arm branches, set level to draw and tie up on bottom iron wire, again by 20~30cm between left and right apart from three sublateral shoots of 2~3 sproutings of selecting and remain on each arm branch as a result of female branch cultivate, when three sublateral shoots grow to 120~150cm, stay the 4 leaves pinching repeatedly of 2, top, all the other sublateral shoots stay the pinching repeatedly of 1 leaf;
6., water and fertilizer management: before blooming 15-20 days every mu use the biological organic fertilizer 30~60kg that contains 0.5~1% rare earth, young fruit for the first time every mu of expanding stage is used feces of livestock and poultry 250~300kg, thank spend after in 5~10 days every mu use biological organic fertilizer totally 80~120kg; Within while not raining every 4~6 days, regularly water planting furrow, timely draining in rainy season;
7., fruit ear management: complete vegetables and fruits and fruit ear is carried out after chemical control protection, when grape fruit surface starts to occur wax bisque, being set with special bagging outward at fruit ear grape is protected.
Employing rare earth and the biological organic fertilizer of initiative of the present invention carry out fertilizer to grape growth, make full use of rare earth and can promote the absorption of crop to fertilizer nutrient, can improve the photosynthesis of crops, improve crop and fruit quality, strengthen the drought resisting of crop, cold-resistant and diseases and insect pests resistance, promote plant root system development, biomass, the characteristic such as quality and resistance, easy to make in conjunction with biological organic fertilizer again, cost is low, can improve soil quality and the feature such as pollution-free, having realized zero of the omnidistance chemical fertilizer of viticulture and chemical pesticide adds, without any residue of pesticide, simultaneously, effect and omnidistance interdisciplinary science by rare earth biological fertilizer are managed, the present invention also can significantly improve fruit-setting rate, increase fruit grain, reduce Fruit Cracking, promote fruit quality, there is good Social benefit and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but never in any form the present invention is limited, and any conversion or the replacement based on training centre of the present invention, done, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1:
The concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1., planting furrow processes: treating to offer the planting furrow being parallel to each other on kind of arable land, furrow width 80cm, ditch depth 60cm, ditch line-spacing is 2m; In planting furrow, by earth and the mutual mode of laying of fertilizer, fill and lead up, the thickness of every layer of earth is 5cm, and the thickness of every layer of fertilizer is 10cm, and top layer is dirt bed; Described fertilizer is the biological organic fertilizer that contains 1% rare earth;
2., plant bar acquisition and processing: before December, in conjunction with the winter cut select fully ripe, internode is short, without damage by disease and insect, annotinous branch that eye is full, sturdy, do female parent, branch is cut into the cuttings of 15~25cm, every section of cuttings is generally with 2~3 joints, upper end is apart from bud 2cm place straight snips, and lower end is near being cut into 20 degree inclined-planes under joint; Before cuttings cuttage, first with clear water, soak 10h, then soak the cuttings lower end base portion 3cm 8h of place with 150mg/kg naphthalene acid solution;
3., cuttage: when late January to early Febuary, temperature reached 15~20 ℃, the cuttings of processing is inserted in planting furrow, spacing in the rows is 1.5m, after inserting, terminal bud is concordant with ground, disposablely water sufficient water, then after rudiment, intermittent is watered again, makes soil moisture in planting furrow remain on 20%;
4., building: set up single wall hedge frame at planting furrow, the high 1.6m of frame, establishes a pillar every 5m, and the crutched epimere of institute is concordant, draws 4, No. 8 iron wires as frame face in pillar top rail, and iron wire height and the distance between each layer of iron wire is overhead 40cm;
5., shaping: seedling planting is sprouted and taken out after the tip, it is main climing selecting a sturdy young sprout to cultivate, pinching when leading shoot grows to 60cm left and right, cultivate two strong sublateral shoots, and drawn and tied up upwards growth on iron wire, pinching while growing to 60cm left and right, inspire secondary sublateral shoot, and using it as 2 arm branches, set level to draw and tie up on bottom iron wire, again by 20~30cm between left and right apart from three sublateral shoots of 2~3 sproutings of selecting and remain on each arm branch as a result of female branch cultivate, when three sublateral shoots grow to 120cm, stay the 4 leaves pinching repeatedly of 2, top, all the other sublateral shoots stay the pinching repeatedly of 1 leaf;
6., water and fertilizer management: bloom first 15 days every mu use the biological organic fertilizer 30kg that contains 0.5% rare earth, young fruit for the first time every mu of expanding stage is used feces of livestock and poultry 250kg, thanks and spends in latter 5 days every mu to use biological organic fertilizer 80kg altogether; Within while not raining every 4 days, regularly water planting furrow, timely draining in rainy season;
7., fruit ear management: complete vegetables and fruits and fruit ear is carried out after chemical control protection, when grape fruit surface starts to occur wax bisque, being set with special bagging outward at fruit ear grape is protected.
Pollution-free grape high-yield cultivating method in the present embodiment, cuttage survival rate is greater than 90%, and shoot root growth is fast, artificial less investment, production cost is low, and fruit-setting rate is high, and fruit grain is large, Fruit Cracking rate is few, significantly promoted fruit quality, and completely without the interpolation of chemical agent, direct-edible after plucking, per mu yield can reach 2000kg above and, stable yield.
embodiment 2:
The concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1., planting furrow processes: treating to offer the planting furrow being parallel to each other on kind of arable land, furrow width 90cm, ditch depth 70cm, ditch line-spacing is 2.5m; In planting furrow, by earth and the mutual mode of laying of fertilizer, fill and lead up, the thickness of every layer of earth is 8cm, and the thickness of every layer of fertilizer is 15cm, and top layer is dirt bed; Described fertilizer is the biological organic fertilizer that contains 2% rare earth;
2., plant bar acquisition and processing: before December, in conjunction with the winter cut select fully ripe, internode is short, without damage by disease and insect, annotinous branch that eye is full, sturdy, do female parent, branch is cut into the cuttings of 15~25cm, every section of cuttings is generally with 2~3 joints, upper end is apart from bud 2cm place straight snips, and lower end is near being cut into 40 degree inclined-planes under joint; Before cuttings cuttage, first with clear water, soak 12h, then soak the cuttings lower end base portion 4cm 10h of place with 150mg/kg naphthalene acid solution;
3., cuttage: when late January to early Febuary, temperature reached 15~20 ℃, the cuttings of processing is inserted in planting furrow, spacing in the rows is 1.5~2m, after inserting, terminal bud is concordant with ground, disposablely water sufficient water, then after rudiment, intermittent is watered again, makes soil moisture in planting furrow remain on 30%;
4., building: set up single wall hedge frame at planting furrow, the high 1.8m of frame, establishes a pillar every 5m, and the crutched epimere of institute is concordant, draws 4, No. 10 iron wires as frame face in pillar top rail, and iron wire height and the distance between each layer of iron wire is overhead 50cm;
5., shaping: seedling planting is sprouted and taken out after the tip, it is main climing selecting a sturdy young sprout to cultivate, pinching when leading shoot grows to 60cm left and right, cultivate two strong sublateral shoots, and drawn and tied up upwards growth on iron wire, pinching while growing to 60cm left and right, inspire secondary sublateral shoot, and using it as 2 arm branches, set level to draw and tie up on bottom iron wire, again by 20~30cm between left and right apart from three sublateral shoots of 2~3 sproutings of selecting and remain on each arm branch as a result of female branch cultivate, when three sublateral shoots grow to 130cm, stay the 4 leaves pinching repeatedly of 2, top, all the other sublateral shoots stay the pinching repeatedly of 1 leaf;
6., water and fertilizer management: bloom first 18 days every mu use the biological organic fertilizer 40kg that contains 0.8% rare earth, young fruit for the first time every mu of expanding stage is used feces of livestock and poultry 280kg, thanks and spends in latter 8 days every mu to use biological organic fertilizer 100kg altogether; Within while not raining every 5 days, regularly water planting furrow, timely draining in rainy season;
7., fruit ear management: complete vegetables and fruits and fruit ear is carried out after chemical control protection, when grape fruit surface starts to occur wax bisque, being set with special bagging outward at fruit ear grape is protected.
Pollution-free grape high-yield cultivating method in the present embodiment, cuttage survival rate is greater than 90%, and shoot root growth is fast, artificial less investment, production cost is low, and fruit-setting rate is high, and fruit grain is large, Fruit Cracking rate is few, significantly promoted fruit quality, and completely without the interpolation of chemical agent, direct-edible after plucking, per mu yield can reach 2000kg above and, stable yield.
embodiment 3:
The concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1., planting furrow processes: treating to offer the planting furrow being parallel to each other on kind of arable land, furrow width 100cm, ditch depth 80cm, ditch line-spacing is 3m; In planting furrow, by earth and the mutual mode of laying of fertilizer, fill and lead up, the thickness of every layer of earth is 10cm, and the thickness of every layer of fertilizer is 20cm, and top layer is dirt bed; Described fertilizer is the biological organic fertilizer that contains 3% rare earth;
2., plant bar acquisition and processing: before December, in conjunction with the winter cut select fully ripe, internode is short, without damage by disease and insect, annotinous branch that eye is full, sturdy, do female parent, branch is cut into the cuttings of 15~25cm, every section of cuttings is generally with 2~3 joints, upper end is apart from bud 2cm place straight snips, and lower end is near being cut into 70 degree inclined-planes under joint; Before cuttings cuttage, first with clear water, soak 15h, then soak the cuttings lower end base portion 5cm 12h of place with 150mg/kg naphthalene acid solution;
3., cuttage: when late January to early Febuary, temperature reached 15~20 ℃, the cuttings of processing is inserted in planting furrow, spacing in the rows is 2m, after inserting, terminal bud is concordant with ground, disposablely water sufficient water, then after rudiment, intermittent is watered again, makes soil moisture in planting furrow remain on 40%;
4., building: set up single wall hedge frame at planting furrow, the high 2m of frame, establishes a pillar every 5m, and the crutched epimere of institute is concordant, draws 3, No. 10 iron wires as frame face in pillar top rail, and iron wire height and the distance between each layer of iron wire is overhead 60cm;
5., shaping: seedling planting is sprouted and taken out after the tip, it is main climing selecting a sturdy young sprout to cultivate, pinching when leading shoot grows to 60cm left and right, cultivate two strong sublateral shoots, and drawn and tied up upwards growth on iron wire, pinching while growing to 60cm left and right, inspire secondary sublateral shoot, and using it as 2 arm branches, set level to draw and tie up on bottom iron wire, again by 20~30cm between left and right apart from three sublateral shoots of 2~3 sproutings of selecting and remain on each arm branch as a result of female branch cultivate, when three sublateral shoots grow to 150cm, stay the 4 leaves pinching repeatedly of 2, top, all the other sublateral shoots stay the pinching repeatedly of 1 leaf;
6., water and fertilizer management: bloom first 20 days every mu use the biological organic fertilizer 60kg that contains 1% rare earth, young fruit for the first time every mu of expanding stage is used feces of livestock and poultry 300kg, thanks and spends in latter 10 days every mu to use biological organic fertilizer 120kg altogether; Within while not raining every 6 days, regularly water planting furrow, timely draining in rainy season;
7., fruit ear management: complete vegetables and fruits and fruit ear is carried out after chemical control protection, when grape fruit surface starts to occur wax bisque, being set with special bagging outward at fruit ear grape is protected.
Pollution-free grape high-yield cultivating method in the present embodiment, cuttage survival rate is greater than 90%, and shoot root growth is fast, artificial less investment, production cost is low, and fruit-setting rate is high, and fruit grain is large, Fruit Cracking rate is few, significantly promoted fruit quality, and completely without the interpolation of chemical agent, direct-edible after plucking, per mu yield can reach 2000kg above and, stable yield.