CN104322344B - A kind of facility grape two crops a year cultural method setting basin combination - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-cropping cultivation method a year for protected grapes combined with tree pots. The specific methods include: building a grape cultivation frame; in late January, the greenhouse is closed with a film to promote cultivation, and in mid-February, 2% cyanamide or lime nitrogen solution is used to break sleep and accelerate germination, so as to advance the ripening of the first season fruit. After the grapes in the first season are ripe and harvested, spray the leaf surface with abscisic acid to promote leaf fall. At the same time, the fruiting branches are cut to leave about 8 full buds at the base, and the upper and lower circumcisions are made at the 2‐3mm part of the fourth or fifth winter bud, and Put it into a flower pot as the root growth point of potted grapes, fill it with the substrate, leave 2 winter buds on the branches and vines above the mouth of the pot, and apply cyanamide or lime nitrogen to promote the growth of new buds and second fruit. Germinate under the flower pot and leave a strong branch at the base for fruiting in the coming year. The facility vine-pot combination cultivation method provided by the invention avoids the peak period of grape listing, and has good quality; after the grapes are harvested, they can be sold as potted plants, which increases the added value of products and significantly improves the economic benefits per unit area.

Description

A method for cultivating protected grapes with two crops a year combined with tree pots

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating fruit trees, in particular to a method for cultivating double-cropped grapes a year in a facility combined with tree pots.

Background technique

Grapes are very popular because of their high nutritional value, high sugar content in fresh fruit, and a variety of minerals and vitamins that are beneficial to the human body. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for high-quality grapes is increasing, and it is imminent to increase grape production, especially to increase the yield of vineyards. Since the mid-to-late 1990s, the Eurasian grape was successfully cultivated in the south of the Yangtze River in the area of rain shelter, the grape industry has developed rapidly in this area, the cultivated area has expanded year by year, and the output has also continued to increase, making my country the world's largest facility. The country with the largest area under viticulture. In recent years, with the widespread application of grape production period control technology, in many areas of our country, the use of facilities for secondary fruit cultivation technology can delay the time to market of fresh grapes until around New Year's Day, which can significantly improve the economics of grape growers. benefit.

Traditional viticulture is mainly based on ground planting and trellis cultivation, and most grape growers basically adopt this method. In recent years, potted grapes have become a new type of planting method, which has been welcomed by consumers because of its ornamental value, allowing consumers to taste fresh fruits while enjoying the body and mind. The price is several times higher, and it is gradually favored by more and more growers.

The present invention carries out two-cropping cultivation in a year through the combination of facility grape vines and pots, so that the grapes of the first season can be put on the market earlier on the basis of promoting cultivation, and the income can be increased; After the grapes are harvested, they can be sold as potted plants, thereby increasing the added value of the product and improving the economic benefits per unit area.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem mainly solved by the present invention is to provide a two-cropping cultivation method in a year combined with tree pots on the basis of the existing one-season cultivation of grapes, so that the first-season grapes can be put on the market in advance on the basis of promoting cultivation, and the income can be increased; The second-season grapes are potted on the original fruiting branches. After the grapes are harvested, they can be sold as potted plants or directly with fruit ears, so as to increase the added value of potted plants, achieve high quality, high efficiency, and increase economic benefits per unit area. , in order to promote the application in production.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating two crops a year of facility grapes combined with tree pots, comprising the following steps:

To build a frame suitable for the combination of tree pots and two-crop cultivation in a year, three vertical columns with lengths of 0.6m, 0.8m and 1.0cm are erected horizontally at 1.1m, 1.5m and 1.8m from the ground on the 1.9m high column after the soil is buried. The material of the cross-arm is angle iron. A galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2.5cm is erected on both sides of the first cross-arm, and the guy wires are drawn on both sides of the second and third cross-arms, and are placed at a height of 0.8m from the ground. Set up two main stays along both sides of the column.

In the first year, the land should be leveled and ridges raised; suitable early and mid-ripening grape varieties should be selected, such as Summer Black, Red Balado, Golden Finger, Giant Rose, etc. Determine a reasonable planting density, preferably with a row spacing of 3.0m and a plant spacing of 1.2m; after planting, the seedlings will be topped when they grow to 0.6m, and after topping, the four auxiliary shoots from the top end will be tied and fixed on both sides of the column along the row direction. On the two iron wires of the tree, grow in the opposite direction along the two iron wires, and bind and fix them while growing. These 4 auxiliary shoots become the 4 main branches of the tree. When the main branch grows to about 0.6m, top off the top of the main branch to limit its growth, and leave two leaves on the auxiliary tip of the main branch to top off or remove. When pruning in winter, keep the four main branches at 50 cm and cut them off. If the base thickness of the side branches is greater than 0.8 cm on the main branch, keep 2 full buds at the base and cut them short. Remove all the side branches with a base thickness less than 0.8 cm.

In the second year, in late January, build steel-frame greenhouses (single or multi-span), and seal the greenhouses with film to promote cultivation. In mid-February, break dormancy and accelerate germination, and evenly smear winter buds with cyanamide or lime nitrogen to break dormancy. , to promote germination and early fruit ripening in the first season. When the main branch or side branch germinates new shoots and grows to 4 to 6 leaves, the number and size of the inflorescence can be seen. On each main branch, two relatively moderate fruiting branches at the base and a single inflorescence are left, and other vigorous fruiting branches or branches are removed. Weak fruiting branch; when the inflorescence of the reserved fruiting branch grows to 5 to 6 leaves, the first topping is carried out 4 to 6 days before the first flowering. After topping, the new auxiliary shoot grows, and one auxiliary shoot at the apex is kept and continues to move forward Extend, and remove all other auxiliary shoots. When the apex auxiliary shoot grows to 4-5 leaves, perform the second pinch. ~2 leaves are topped repeatedly.

The grapes of the first season are harvested in time when they are ripe. After the grapes are harvested, spray the leaves of the grapes with abscisic acid to promote leaf fall. At the same time, the fruiting mother branches are cut to leave about 8 full buds at the base. Circumcision, and put it into the flower pot as the root growth point of the potted grape, fill it with the substrate, leave 2 winter buds on the branches above the mouth of the pot, and apply cyanamide or lime nitrogen to promote the growth of new buds. Leave 2 bunches of grapes. Germinate under the flower pot and leave a strong branch at the base for fruiting in the coming year. The fruit yield per mu in the first season is 800-900kg, and the fruit yield per mu in the second season is controlled at about 1200kg.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is that the facility grape that the provided tree pot is combined double crops cultivation method a year, specific advantage is as follows:

1. The first-season grapes are on the market early, avoiding high temperature and rain during the ripening period, with good quality and good economic benefits;

2. In the second season, the grapes are planted in flower pots on the original fruiting branches. After the grapes are harvested, they can be sold as potted plants, or directly with fruit ears, so as to increase the added value of potted plants;

3. It avoids the complexity of propagating seedlings by cuttings, and is simple and easy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cultivation pattern diagram of the present invention.

In the figure, 1. Upright column, 2. Cross arm (angle iron), 3.2.5cm hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, 4.12# with hot-dip galvanized iron wire, 5.10# with hot-dip galvanized iron wire, 6. Flower pot, 7. I-shaped steel bar .

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Build a frame suitable for the combination of tree pots and two crops a year. The column (1) is 2.5m×0.12×0.06m in size, made of reinforced concrete, and the height above the ground is 1.9m after being buried. At 1.1m, 1.5m, and 1.8m, three horizontal arms (2) with lengths of 0.6m, 0.8m, and 1.0cm are erected horizontally. Erection of galvanized steel pipes (3) with a diameter of 2.5cm, 12# hot-dip galvanized iron wires (4) on both sides of the second and third cross arms, and two 10# lines along both sides of the column at a height of 0.8m from the ground Hot-dip galvanized iron wire (5).

In the first year, after spring, the land should be leveled, organic fertilizers should be applied, seedlings should be planted in ridges, and suitable early and mid-maturing grape varieties should be selected, such as Xiahei, Red Balado, Golden Finger, Giant Rose, etc. Determine a reasonable planting density, preferably with a row spacing of 3.0m and a plant spacing of 1.2m; after germination, the seedlings should leave 1 healthy bud to grow vertically, and when it grows to 0.6m, carry out topping. The rows are bound and fixed on the two 10# hot-dip galvanized iron wires (5) drawn on both sides of the column respectively, grow in the opposite direction along the two iron wires, and are bound and fixed while growing. These 4 auxiliary shoots become the 4 branches of the tree main branch. When the main branch grows to about 0.6m, top off the top of the main branch to limit its growth, and leave two leaves on the auxiliary tip of the main branch to top off or remove. When pruning in winter, keep the four main branches at 55 cm and cut them off. If the thickness of the base of the main branch is greater than 0.8 cm, two full buds at the base will be cut short, and all the side branches with a base thickness of less than 0.8 cm will be removed.

In the second year, at the end of January, a steel frame greenhouse (single or multi-span) is built, and the greenhouse is closed with a film to promote cultivation. In the middle of February, the dormancy is accelerated, and the winter buds are evenly smeared with 2% cyanamide or lime nitrogen solution. Break dormancy, promote germination, and early fruit ripening in the first season. When the main branch or side branch germinates new shoots and grows to 4 to 6 leaves, the number and size of the inflorescence can be seen. On each main branch, two relatively moderate fruiting branches at the base and a single inflorescence are left, and other vigorous fruiting branches or branches are removed. Weak fruiting branch; when the inflorescence of the reserved fruiting branch grows to 5 to 6 leaves, the first topping is carried out 4 to 6 days before the first flowering. After topping, the new auxiliary shoot grows, and one auxiliary shoot at the apex is kept and continues to move forward Extend, and remove all other auxiliary shoots. When the apex auxiliary shoot grows to 4-5 leaves, perform the second pinch. ~2 leaves are topped repeatedly, and the length of the branches is between 1.2m and 1.5m. The grown branches or auxiliary shoots are evenly bound to the iron wires of the three cross-arms.

The grapes of the first season are harvested in time when they are ripe. After the grapes are harvested, spray the leaves of the grapes with 300 mg/l abscisic acid to promote leaf fall. At the same time, the fruiting branches are cut to leave about 8 full buds at the base, and the 4th or 5th winter buds on the cutting fruiting branches are 2‐3mm away. Girth up and down, and insert it into the flowerpot (6) as the root growth point of the potted grape, the diameter of the flowerpot is 25cm; evenly set up I-shaped steel bars on the galvanized steel pipe of the first cross arm of the grape trellis (7), the diameter of the steel bar is 6mm, and the distance is 15cm. For winter buds, after the leaves fall off, spray 2% cyanamide or lime nitrogen on the bud eyes to promote the growth of the new buds for the second season fruit; select a strong winter bud as the fruiting branch, and when the upper inflorescence grows to 5-6 leaves, carry out the second season. One-time topping, 4-6 days before the first flowering. After topping, for the newly grown auxiliary shoots, keep one auxiliary shoot at the apex and continue to extend forward, and remove all the other auxiliary shoots. When the apex auxiliary shoots grow to 4-5 leaves Carry out the second topping. After topping, one auxiliary shoot at the apex is still kept and continues to extend forward, and the rest of the auxiliary shoots are removed. After that, 1 to 2 leaves of the auxiliary shoots at the apex are kept and repeated topping. The length of the branches is controlled between 1m and 1.2m, and the branches grow out. The branches or auxiliary shoots are evenly bound on the wires of the second and third cross arms. Leave 2 bunches of grapes in each pot.

After the grapes in the second season are mature and harvested, cut off the fruiting branches from the bottom of the flowerpot, and the upper part of the flowerpot can be sold as a potted plant. When pruning the lower branches of the flowerpot in winter, a strong branch at the base is left to be pruned with short middle tips for fruiting in the next year. . The fruit yield per mu in the first season is 800-900kg, and the fruit yield per mu in the second season is controlled at about 1200kg.

The present invention compares with conventional cultivation benefit (taking summer black grape as an example)

Claims (1)

1. a method for cultivating two crops a year of facility grapes in combination with a tree pot, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) Build a frame suitable for tree pots combined with two crops a year: the column (1) has a specification of 2.5m×0.12m×0.06m, is made of reinforced concrete, and is 1.9m above the ground after being buried. ) at 1.1m, 1.5m, and 1.8m from the ground, horizontally erect three cross-arms (2) with lengths of 0.6m, 0.8m, and 1.0m respectively. The material of the cross-arms is angle iron. 2) Erect galvanized steel pipes (3) with a diameter of 2.5cm on both sides, pull 12# hot-dip galvanized iron wires (4) on both sides of the second and third cross arms, and pull them along both sides of the column at a height of 0.8m from the ground Two 10# hot-dip galvanized iron wires (5); (2) Plastic pruning in the first year: In the first year, level the land after spring, apply organic fertilizers, plant seedlings in ridges, select suitable early and mid-maturing grape varieties, and determine a reasonable planting density. The row spacing of seedlings is 1.2m×3.0 m; After the seedlings germinate, leave 1 healthy bud to grow vertically, and when it grows to 0.6m, carry out topping, and after topping, tie and fix the four auxiliary shoots from the apex along the row direction to the two sides of the column. On the 10# hot-dip galvanized iron wire (5), grow in the opposite direction along the two iron wires, and bind and fix them while growing. These 4 auxiliary shoots become the 4 main branches of the tree. When the main branches grow to about 0.6m, the main Prune the tip of the branch to limit its growth, leave two leaves on the auxiliary tip of the main branch to top off or thin out; when pruning in winter, the four main branches are cut off at 55 cm respectively, and the base of the side branch on the main branch is thicker than 0.8 cm. Two full buds are left at the base Short cuts, all thinning if the base thickness is less than 0.8cm; (3) In the second year, in late January, build single-span or multi-span steel-frame greenhouses, which are closed with film to promote cultivation, and in mid-February to break the dormancy and accelerate germination, use lime nitrogen solution or 2% cyanide Apply amine evenly to winter buds to break dormancy, promote germination, and ripen fruit in the first season earlier; when new shoots germinate on main branches or side branches and grow to 4 to 6 leaves, and the number and size of inflorescences can be seen, leave the base on each main branch Two relatively moderate fruiting branches and leave a single inflorescence, thin out other vigorous fruiting branches or weak fruiting branches; when the upper inflorescence of the reserved fruiting branches grows to 5-6 leaves, the first topping is carried out, 4-6 days before flowering , for the newly grown auxiliary shoots after topping, keep one auxiliary shoot at the apex and continue to extend forward, and remove all the other auxiliary shoots. When the apex auxiliary shoots grow to 4 to 5 leaves, perform the second topping, and keep one apex after topping The auxiliary shoots continue to extend forward, and the rest of the auxiliary shoots are removed. Afterwards, 1 to 2 leaves of the apex auxiliary shoots are kept and repeatedly topped. The length of the branches is between 1.2m and 1.5m. The grown branches are evenly tied to the first cross arm On the galvanized steel pipes erected on both sides and on the iron wires erected on both sides of the second and third cross arms; (4) Harvest the grapes in the first season when they are ripe. After the grapes are harvested, spray the leaves of the grapes with 300mg/l abscisic acid to promote leaf fall. The 2-3mm part of the 4th or 5th winter bud on the branch is circumcised up and down, and it is inserted into the flowerpot (6) as the growth point of the root system of the potted grape. The diameter of the flowerpot is 25cm; On the galvanized steel pipe of the cross arm, evenly set up the I-shaped steel bar (7), the diameter of the steel bar is 6mm, and the distance is 15cm. Fix it, fill it with substrate, and leave 2 winter buds on the branches and tendrils above the mouth of the pot. After the leaves fall off, spray lime nitrogen or cyanamide with a mass fraction of 2% on the bud eyes to promote the growth of new buds and the second fruit; choose to keep 1 The strong winter buds are used as fruiting branches. When the upper part of the inflorescence grows to 5-6 leaves, the first topping is carried out, 4-6 days before the first flowering. After the topping, the newly grown auxiliary shoots keep the apex and continue to extend forward. The rest of the auxiliary shoots are all removed, and when the apex of the auxiliary shoots grows to 4 to 5 leaves, the second topping is performed. After the topping, one of the apex auxiliary shoots is still kept and continues to extend forward, and the rest of the auxiliary shoots are removed. The leaves are topped repeatedly, and the length of the branches is controlled between 1m and 1.2m. The grown branches are evenly tied to the iron wires of the second and third cross-arms; 2 bunches of grapes are left in each flower pot; (5) After the grapes in the second season are ripe and harvested, cut off the fruiting branches from the bottom of the flowerpot, and the upper part of the flowerpot can be sold as a potted plant. When pruning the lower branches of the flowerpot in winter, leave a strong branch at the base and use short and middle shoots for pruning. For the next year's results; the fruit yield per mu in the first season is 800-900kg, and the fruit yield per mu in the second season is controlled at about 1200kg.