CN112262703B - Planting and shaping pruning method for parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of holboellia latifolia - Google Patents
Planting and shaping pruning method for parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of holboellia latifolia Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a field planting and shaping pruning method of a parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of a holboellia latifolia, which comprises the steps of garden building, field planting, tree body culture and shaping, axillary bud pruning, flower bud differentiation promotion, second-year spring and summer pruning, second-year fruit picking pruning, second-year new branch tip pruning, second-year axillary bud pruning, flower bud differentiation promotion, third-year spring and summer pruning, third-year new branch tip pruning, third-year fruit picking pruning, third-year new tip pruning, third-year axillary bud pruning, flower bud differentiation promotion, fourth-year spring and summer pruning and the like. On the basis of fully utilizing the fruiting of the canopy frame and greatly improving the fruit yield and quality, the invention is convenient for replacing new fruiting branches every year, prevents the rapid aging of the tree body, ensures that the canopy frame does not leave old branches without fruiting, has tidy and consistent canopy frame surface, is free of disordered branch tips, is convenient for pest control and flower and fruit management, and has the advantages of high yield, large fruits, high soluble solids, beautiful fruit appearance, early maturity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree production, in particular to a field planting and shaping pruning method for a parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of a holboellia latifolia.
Background
The August melon (Holboellia latifolia wall.) is a third generation new fruit tree which is emerging in recent years, and is a evergreen wood vine, palm-shaped compound leaves are provided with 3 leaves, flowers are a total inflorescence, and the fruits are irregular oblong or elliptic; most seeds, the seed coat is brown. Flowering period is 4-5 months, and fruit period is 7-9 months. Is mainly distributed in Yunnan, guizhou, sichuan, jiangxi and southeast of Tibet in China. The holly green holly melon is an excellent climbing greening tree species; the potted plant can be used as hanging decoration or stake scenery material, and has She Shanghua taste, lasting fragrance, and is a good honey plant, and the seeds can be eaten by pressing oil. The fruit can be used for brewing wine and making fruit pulp and beverage besides fresh food.
Because the August melon grows vigorously, branch tips are easy to wind together, fruiting branches of the August melon are mainly annual mature branch tips, and branch tips above one year generally do not result. Therefore, if the shoots of the apricots are not managed, the fruit yield and quality are seriously affected, and based on this, it is necessary to propose a method for reasonably treating the shoots of the apricots to improve the fruit yield and quality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a field planting and shaping pruning method of a parallel multi-branch horizontal shelf for the holboellia latifolia.
According to the purpose of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a field planting and shaping pruning method for a parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of a holboellia latifolia includes the following steps:
step 1: building garden
Selecting a flat ground or a hilly garden with the underground water level below 0.8m, deep soil layer and convenient drainage and irrigation, firstly planting upright posts, then erecting a shed at the top ends of the upright posts, transversely pulling transverse lines on each row of upright posts, longitudinally pulling middle longitudinal lines at the top ends of each column, and then respectively pulling the longitudinal lines on the transverse lines between the two columns of upright posts;
step 2: planting
3 months of field planting, digging a field planting ditch with the width and depth of 50cm at each column, filling decomposed manure 30cm into the field planting ditch, returning to 20cm of surface soil, and fully and uniformly mixing with the manure; planting annual bag seedlings with plant spacing of 2m and each 667m 2 Planting 111 plants; watering thoroughly the root fixing water after planting;
step 3: tree body cultivation and shaping
After field planting, each plant is reserved with two branches below the middle longitudinal line, and the branches are tied in time, fixed after growing to the middle longitudinal line, and pulled to opposite directions along the middle longitudinal line to form a straight line, and capped when the branches grow to 1m respectively;
after capping, axillary buds start to germinate, a trunk is fixed at the position of a middle longitudinal line to serve as a midpoint, a branch tip is reserved at the midpoint, then every 22cm of branch tips are reserved on the branches along the middle longitudinal line, 4 branch tips are reserved on the trunk of each plant on the middle longitudinal line, and 8 branch tips are reserved on two branches of each plant on the middle longitudinal line;
step 4: applying axillary buds to promote flower bud differentiation
After 8 branch tips are capped, axillary buds close to the top end germinate, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is intensively supplied to the 8 branch tips, and a large amount of nutrition substances are accumulated in the 8 branch tips;
step 5: spring and summer pruning in the year
The axillary buds germinated by the 8 branch tips are all erased after the next spring and summer pruning, only buds germinated by main branches on a middle longitudinal line are selected and reserved, one germinated bud is selected and reserved between every two of the 8 branch tips, and is used as a fruiting branch in the next year, and the branches are immediately straightened and tied after sprouting and growing, so that mutual winding is prevented;
step 6: pruning after fruit picking in the second year
After fruit picking, 3cm of fruit branches are reserved from the basal part in the current year, so that 8 newly selected branch tips can thrive;
step 7: treatment of new branch-left tips in the next year
The newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line between two columns along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and perpendicular to the longitudinal line, when the newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the middle longitudinal line of the next column, the newly reserved branch tips are fixed, the branch tips are allowed to droop and grow for 30cm, and then the branch tips are capped, so that fruiting branches of the next year are formed;
step 8: the axillary buds are smeared in the next year to promote the differentiation of flower buds
After the branch tips are capped, axillary buds close to the top end germinate, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is concentrated to supply the branch tips, and a large amount of nutrient substances are accumulated in the branch tips;
step 9: spring and summer pruning in the third year
The axillary buds germinated by the 8 branch tips are all erased after spring and summer pruning in the third year, only buds which are sent out by 3cm small branch sections remained on branches cut off in the last year on a median line are selected, one healthy person which grows is selected from buds sent out by each 3cm small branch section, and the buds are used as fruiting branches in the next year, and are immediately straightened and bound after the branches germinate and grow, so that mutual winding is prevented;
step 10: treatment of new branch-left tips in the third year
The newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line between two columns along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and perpendicular to the longitudinal line, when the newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the middle longitudinal line of the next column, the newly reserved branch tips are fixed, the branch tips are allowed to droop and grow for 30cm, and then the branch tips are capped, so that fruiting branches of the next year are formed;
step 11: pruning after fruit picking in the third year
After fruit picking, 3cm of fruit branches are reserved from the basal part in the current year, so that 8 newly selected branch tips can thrive;
step 12: treatment of selecting and retaining young shoots in third year
The newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line between two columns along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and perpendicular to the longitudinal line, when the newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the middle longitudinal line of the next column, the newly reserved branch tips are fixed, the branch tips are allowed to droop and grow for 30cm, and then the branch tips are capped, so that fruiting branches of the next year are formed;
step 13: the third year of the application of axillary buds promotes the differentiation of flower buds
After 8 branch tips are capped, axillary buds close to the top end germinate, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is intensively supplied to the 8 branch tips, and a large amount of nutrition substances are accumulated in the 8 branch tips;
step 14: spring and summer pruning in the fourth year
The axillary buds germinated by the 8 branch tips are all erased by spring and summer pruning in the fourth year, only buds which are sent out by 3cm small branch sections remained by branches cut off in the last year on a median line are selected, one healthy person is selected from buds sent out by each 3cm small branch section to grow, the branches are immediately straightened and led after sprouting and growing as the fruiting branches in the next year, mutual winding is prevented, the fruiting branches are replaced every year, and the purposes of high yield, high quality and high efficiency of the cultivation of the hollyhock are achieved.
In the step 1, the upright post adopts a cement pole, the cross section of the upright post is square with the side length of 15cm, the height of the upright post is 2.5m, and the planting density of the upright post is that the upright post is planted at intervals of 4m longitudinally and 3m transversely, and the upright post is planted underground for 50 cm.
In the step 1, an iron wire is pulled at the top ends of the upright posts to lap a shed, a transverse wire is firstly pulled transversely by an No. 8 iron wire on each row of upright posts, then a middle longitudinal wire is longitudinally pulled by a No. 10 iron wire on the top end of each row of cement poles, then longitudinal wires are respectively pulled by a No. 10 iron wire on the No. 8 iron wire between two rows of cement poles, the interval between every two longitudinal wires is 40cm, and 6 longitudinal wires are pulled between every two rows of cement poles.
Further, in the step 3, the reserved branch tips should be straightened and guided in time to avoid intertwining; the binding method is that the middle longitudinal line is pulled to the longitudinal line between the two columns along one direction and is perpendicular to the longitudinal line, the branch tip is bound and fixed at the crossing of the longitudinal lines, when pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm from the longitudinal line in the next row, the fixation is carried out, and the branch tip is allowed to droop for 30cm and then capped.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for planting and shaping the parallel multi-branch horizontal shelf of the holboellia latifolia, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of convenience for replacing new fruiting branches every year on the basis of fully utilizing the shelf surface results and greatly improving the fruit yield and quality, prevention of rapid aging of the tree body, capability of ensuring that no non-fruiting old branches are left on the shelf, tidy and consistent shelf surface, no disordered branch tips, convenience for pest control and fruit management, high yield, large fruits, high soluble solids, attractive fruit appearance, early maturity and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A field planting and shaping pruning method of a parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of a holly melon is carried out in a greenhouse, a plastic greenhouse and a small plastic arch shed, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: building garden
In the area suitable for the cultivation of the holboellia latifolia, a flat land or a hilly garden with the underground water level below 0.8m, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage is selected. Firstly, planting upright posts, namely cement poles, with the following dimensions: the cross section is square with side length of 15cm, and the height is 2.5m; the planting density is that one plant is longitudinally every 4m and one plant is transversely every 3m, and the planting is planted under the ground for 50cm deep. Then, iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the upright posts to build a shed, firstly, transverse wires are transversely pulled on each row of upright posts by using No. 8 iron wires, then longitudinal wires (called as middle longitudinal wires for short) are longitudinally pulled on the top ends of each row of cement poles by using No. 10 iron wires, then longitudinal wires are respectively pulled on the No. 8 iron wires between the two rows of cement poles by using No. 10 iron wires, the interval between every two longitudinal wires is 40cm, and 6 longitudinal wires are pulled between every two rows of cement poles.
Step 2: planting: and performing field planting in 2016 and 3 months. Digging a planting ditch with the width and depth of about 50cm at each row of cement poles, filling decomposed manure about 30cm into the planting ditch, returning to surface soil about 20cm, and fully and uniformly mixing with the manure. Annual bag seedlings are selected for field planting, the plant spacing is 2m, and each 667m < 2 > field planting is about 111 plants. And (5) after planting, watering thoroughly to fix roots.
Step 3: culturing and shaping the tree body: after field planting, each plant leaves two branches below the middle longitudinal line, in order to avoid the mutual winding of branch tips, the branches should be timely led, the branches are fixed by aluminum wires with the diameter of 1.5-2.0 mm after growing to the middle longitudinal line, and the branches are pulled to opposite directions along the middle longitudinal line to form a straight line, and the branches are capped when growing to 1m respectively. After capping, axillary buds start to germinate, a trunk is fixed at the middle longitudinal line and is taken as a midpoint, a branch tip is reserved at the middle longitudinal line, then, every 22cm of branch tips are reserved on the branches along the middle longitudinal line, 4 branch tips are reserved on the trunk of each plant on the middle longitudinal line, and 8 branch tips are reserved on two branches of each plant on the middle longitudinal line. The reserved branch tips should be straightened and guided in time to avoid intertwining. The binding method is that the binding method is pulled to the longitudinal line between two rows of cement poles along one direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and perpendicular to the longitudinal line, and the branch tip is bound and fixed by the aluminum line at the crossing part of the longitudinal line. When the branch is pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the longitudinal line in the next row, the branch is fixed by an aluminum line, and the branch tip is sagged for about 30cm, and then is capped.
Step 4: applying axillary buds to promote flower bud differentiation: after the 8 branch tips are capped, the axillary buds close to the top end germinate in capacity, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is intensively supplied to the 8 branch tips, and a large amount of nutrition substances are accumulated in the 8 branch tips. The flower buds of the holboellia latifolia are generally positioned at axilla of annual branches, and accumulation of a large amount of nutrient substances is beneficial to promoting differentiation of the flower buds and improving quality of the flower buds.
Step 5: pruning spring and summer in the next year: the axillary buds germinated on the 8 branch tips should be all erased by pruning in spring and summer in the next year. Only the buds sprouting from the main branches on the middle longitudinal line are selected and reserved, one sprouting bud is selected and reserved between every two branch tips of the 8 branches, and the buds are used as fruiting branches in the next year, and after the branches sprout and grow for a certain length, the branches are straightened and bound immediately so as to prevent intertwining.
Step 6: pruning after fruit picking in the second year: the branches of the August melons are lignified after fruiting, and the fruiting capacity is not achieved in the next year, so that the branches of the fruits in the current year are cut off by about 3cm from the base after fruit picking, and the newly selected 8 branch tips can thrive.
Step 7: and (3) treating newly reserved branch tips in the next year: the newly reserved branch tip is pulled to a longitudinal line between two rows of cement poles along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and is perpendicular to the longitudinal line. When the branch is pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the longitudinal line in the next row, the branch is fixed by an aluminum line, and the branch tip is sagged for about 30cm, and then is capped. Forming fruit branches of the next year.
Step 8: the axillary buds are smeared in the next year, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted: after the 8 branch tips are capped, the axillary buds close to the top end germinate in capacity, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is intensively supplied to the 8 branch tips, and a large amount of nutrition substances are accumulated in the 8 branch tips. The flower buds of the holboellia latifolia are generally positioned at axilla of annual branches, and accumulation of a large amount of nutrient substances is beneficial to promoting differentiation of the flower buds and improving quality of the flower buds.
Step 9: and (3) pruning spring and summer in the third year: the axillary buds germinated on the 8 branch tips should be all erased by pruning in spring and summer in the next year. Only selecting and reserving buds on 3cm small branch sections remained on branches cut off in the last year on a median line, selecting and reserving a healthy person for growth in the buds sent by each 3cm small branch section, and immediately straightening and binding after the branches germinate and grow for a certain length as a fruiting branch in the next year to prevent intertwining.
Step 10: and (3) treating new branch-left tips in the third year: the newly reserved branch tip is pulled to a longitudinal line between two rows of cement poles along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and is perpendicular to the longitudinal line. When the branch is pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the longitudinal line in the next row, the branch is fixed by an aluminum line, and the branch tip is sagged for about 30cm, and then is capped. Forming fruit branches of the next year.
Step 11: pruning after fruit picking in the third year: the branches of the August melons are lignified after fruiting, and the fruiting capacity is not achieved in the next year, so that the branches of the fruits in the current year are cut off by about 3cm from the base after fruit picking, and the newly selected 8 branch tips can thrive.
Step 12: and (3) selecting and reserving new shoots in the third year: the newly reserved branch tip is pulled to a longitudinal line between two rows of cement poles along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and is perpendicular to the longitudinal line. When the branch is pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the longitudinal line in the next row, the branch is fixed by an aluminum line, and the branch tip is sagged for about 30cm, and then is capped. Forming fruit branches of the next year.
Step 13: the axillary buds are smeared in the third year, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted: after the 8 branch tips are capped, the axillary buds close to the top end germinate in capacity, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is intensively supplied to the 8 branch tips, and a large amount of nutrition substances are accumulated in the 8 branch tips. The flower buds of the holboellia latifolia are generally positioned at axilla of annual branches, and accumulation of a large amount of nutrient substances is beneficial to promoting differentiation of the flower buds and improving quality of the flower buds.
Step 14: and (5) spring and summer pruning in the fourth year: the axillary buds germinated on the 8 branch tips should be all erased by pruning in spring and summer in the next year. Only selecting and reserving buds on 3cm small branch sections remained on branches cut off in the last year on a median line, selecting and reserving a healthy person for growth in the buds sent by each 3cm small branch section, and immediately straightening and binding after the branches germinate and grow for a certain length as a fruiting branch in the next year to prevent intertwining. The fruit branches are replaced every year so as to achieve the purpose of cultivating the holboellia latifolia with high yield, high quality and high efficiency.
Example 2
The method for planting and pruning the parallel multi-branch horizontal sheds of the holothurian type has the effects on the yield and quality of the holothurian type:
as can be seen from Table 1, the yield per mu of the Ayue melon cultivated by the parallel multi-branch horizontal shed frame can reach 4.81 tons, the single fruit weight reaches 225.24g, the pulp soluble solid content is 23.57 percent, and compared with the common cultivated mu, the yield per mu is 4.23 tons, the single fruit size is 202.76g, and the pulp soluble solid content is 22.09 percent, which are lower than that of the parallel multi-branch horizontal shed frame.
In addition, the proportion of the scar fruits and the malformed fruits in the common cultivation is up to 18.31%, and the proportion of the scar fruits and the malformed fruits in the parallel multi-branch horizontal shed frame is only 5.02%. The mature period of the fruits of the parallel multi-branch horizontal shed frame is 8 months, 10 days to 9 months and 30 days, and the mature period of the fruits of the common cultivation is 8 months, 15 days to 10 months and 10 days. Therefore, the parallel multi-branch horizontal shed frame cultivation has the advantages of high yield, large fruits, high soluble solids, beautiful fruit appearance, early maturity and the like.
TABLE 1 influence of different cultivation modes on yield and quality of August melon
Note that: the trellis cultivation is consistent with the common cultivation except whether the trellis is put on the shelf or not, and other ages, cultivation density, management conditions, methods and the like are consistent. The data are the average of 4 replicates and 2020.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A field planting and shaping pruning method for a parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of a holboellia latifolia is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: building garden
Selecting a flat ground or a hilly garden with the underground water level below 0.8m, deep soil layer and convenient drainage and irrigation, firstly planting upright posts, then erecting a shed at the top ends of the upright posts, transversely pulling transverse lines on each row of upright posts, longitudinally pulling middle longitudinal lines at the top ends of each column, and then respectively pulling the longitudinal lines on the transverse lines between the two columns of upright posts;
step 2: planting
3 months of field planting, digging a field planting ditch with the width and depth of 50cm at each column, filling decomposed manure 30cm into the field planting ditch, returning to 20cm of surface soil, and fully and uniformly mixing with the manure; planting, namely planting 111 annual bag seedlings at a plant spacing of 2m and each 667m < 2 >; watering thoroughly the root fixing water after planting;
step 3: tree body cultivation and shaping
After field planting, each plant is reserved with two branches below the middle longitudinal line, and the branches are tied in time, fixed after growing to the middle longitudinal line, and pulled to opposite directions along the middle longitudinal line to form a straight line, and capped when the branches grow to 1m respectively;
after capping, axillary buds start to germinate, a trunk is fixed at the position of a middle longitudinal line to serve as a midpoint, a branch tip is reserved at the midpoint, then every 22cm of branch tips are reserved on the branches along the middle longitudinal line, 4 branch tips are reserved on the trunk of each plant on the middle longitudinal line, and 8 branch tips are reserved on two branches of each plant on the middle longitudinal line;
step 4: applying axillary buds to promote flower bud differentiation
After 8 branch tips are capped, axillary buds close to the top end germinate, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is intensively supplied to the 8 branch tips, and a large amount of nutrition substances are accumulated in the 8 branch tips;
step 5: spring and summer pruning in the year
The axillary buds germinated by the 8 branch tips are all erased after the next spring and summer pruning, only buds germinated by main branches on a middle longitudinal line are selected and reserved, one germinated bud is selected and reserved between every two of the 8 branch tips, and is used as a fruiting branch in the next year, and the branches are immediately straightened and tied after sprouting and growing, so that mutual winding is prevented;
step 6: pruning after fruit picking in the second year
After fruit picking, 3cm of fruit branches are reserved from the basal part in the current year, so that 8 newly selected branch tips can thrive;
step 7: treatment of new branch-left tips in the next year
The newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line between two columns along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and perpendicular to the longitudinal line, when the newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the middle longitudinal line of the next column, the newly reserved branch tips are fixed, the branch tips are allowed to droop and grow for 30cm, and then the branch tips are capped, so that fruiting branches of the next year are formed;
step 8: the axillary buds are smeared in the next year to promote the differentiation of flower buds
After the branch tips are capped, axillary buds close to the top end germinate, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is concentrated to supply the branch tips, and a large amount of nutrient substances are accumulated in the branch tips;
step 9: spring and summer pruning in the third year
The axillary buds germinated by the 8 branch tips are all erased after spring and summer pruning in the third year, only buds which are sent out by 3cm small branch sections remained on branches cut off in the last year on a median line are selected, one healthy person which grows is selected from buds sent out by each 3cm small branch section, and the buds are used as fruiting branches in the next year, and are immediately straightened and bound after the branches germinate and grow, so that mutual winding is prevented;
step 10: treatment of new branch-left tips in the third year
The newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line between two columns along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and perpendicular to the longitudinal line, when the newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the middle longitudinal line of the next column, the newly reserved branch tips are fixed, the branch tips are allowed to droop and grow for 30cm, and then the branch tips are capped, so that fruiting branches of the next year are formed;
step 11: pruning after fruit picking for the third year
After fruit picking, 3cm of fruit branches are reserved from the basal part in the current year, so that 8 newly selected branch tips can thrive;
step 12: treatment of selecting and retaining young shoots in third year
The newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line between two columns along a direction perpendicular to the middle longitudinal line and perpendicular to the longitudinal line, when the newly reserved branch tips are pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm away from the middle longitudinal line of the next column, the newly reserved branch tips are fixed, the branch tips are allowed to droop and grow for 30cm, and then the branch tips are capped, so that fruiting branches of the next year are formed;
step 13: the third year of the application of axillary buds promotes the differentiation of flower buds
After 8 branch tips are capped, axillary buds close to the top end germinate, and the germinated axillary buds are erased in time, so that the nutrition of the tree body is intensively supplied to the 8 branch tips, and a large amount of nutrition substances are accumulated in the 8 branch tips;
step 14: spring and summer pruning in the next year of the fourth year
The axillary buds germinated by the 8 branch tips are all erased by spring and summer pruning in the fourth year, only buds which are sent out by 3cm small branch sections remained by branches cut off in the last year on a median line are selected, one healthy person is selected from buds sent out by each 3cm small branch section to grow, the branches are immediately straightened and led after sprouting and growing as the fruiting branches in the next year, mutual winding is prevented, the fruiting branches are replaced every year, and the purposes of high yield, high quality and high efficiency of the cultivation of the hollyhock are achieved.
2. The method for planting and pruning the parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frames of the holboellia latifolia according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, cement poles are adopted for the upright columns, the cross sections of the upright columns are square with side length of 15cm, the heights of the upright columns are 2.5m, and the planting density of the upright columns is 4m in longitudinal direction and 3m in transverse direction, and the upright columns are planted underground for 50 cm.
3. The method for planting and shaping the multi-branch parallel horizontal canopy frame of the August melon according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, iron wires are pulled at the top ends of the upright posts to lap the canopy, the 8-wire is firstly used for transversely pulling transverse wires on each row of upright posts, then the 10-wire is used for longitudinally pulling middle longitudinal wires at the top end of each row of cement poles, then the 10-wire is used for respectively pulling longitudinal wires on the 8-wire between two rows of cement poles, the interval between every two longitudinal wires is 40cm, and 6 longitudinal wires are pulled between every two rows of cement poles.
4. The method for planting and pruning the parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frames of the holboellia latifolia according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the reserved branch tips are straightened and tied in time to avoid intertwining; the binding method is that the middle longitudinal line is pulled to the longitudinal line between the two columns along one direction and is perpendicular to the longitudinal line, the branch tip is bound and fixed at the crossing of the longitudinal lines, when pulled to a longitudinal line 40cm from the longitudinal line in the next row, the fixation is carried out, and the branch tip is allowed to droop for 30cm and then capped.
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