CN112655454A - Double-trellis cultivation method for fruit mulberry - Google Patents
Double-trellis cultivation method for fruit mulberry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mulberry cultivation, and discloses a mulberry double-trellis cultivation method which comprises the steps of building a double-trellis, wherein the double-trellis comprises a bracket consisting of a plurality of cross rods and a vertical rod, the cross rods are fixed on the vertical rod, and the vertical rod is fixed in ridge banks; the number of the supports is at least two, and stay wires are connected with two ends of the cross rod at the same horizontal height; after the fruit mulberry is fixedly planted, the fruit branches are fixed on the pull wires at the two sides of the bracket. According to the invention, the height space is effectively utilized through double-trellis cultivation, branches and leaves are ventilated and uniformly transparent, and the problems of low yield per unit area, poor quality and low benefit in fruit mulberry planting management are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mulberry cultivation, in particular to a double-trellis cultivation method for mulberry.
Background
The mulberry has a long cultivation history, is widely distributed naturally, has rich wild resources and is then transmitted to all over the world. The traditional mulberry variety is mainly characterized by picking leaves and culturing silkworms, and has no mulberry fruits or less fruits. The mulberry fruit, also called mulberry, is very rich in nutrition, has the health care functions of improving eyesight, strengthening spleen, tonifying kidney, blackening hair and the like which are homologous as medicine and food, and is deeply loved and touted by people since ancient times. With the increasing demand of people for picking fresh food, mulberry wine, mulberry juice, mulberry jam, mulberry jelly, mulberry vinegar, mulberry anthocyanin and the like, technologists breed and culture a series of mulberry varieties with large fruit shapes and high fruit yield from a plurality of mulberries with few fruits by utilizing the traditional technology, the biological technology and the modern technology, and the mulberry varieties are called fruit mulberries because the fruits are used as the main or the leaves. The mulberry is widely applied to the fields of food industry, biological pharmacy, printing and dyeing, papermaking, feed, silkworm industry and the like; with the development of the mulberry industry and the intensive development of related new products, the demand of mulberry raw materials is increasing.
The traditional mulberry planting mode is mostly planted on flat ground or gentle slope ground, the flat ground adopts a wide-row close-planting mode or a wide-row narrow-row planting mode, the gentle slope ground can also adopt an equal-height planting mode, and the planting density is between 200 and 400; the traditional fruit mulberry management has the problems of poor lighting and unbalanced ventilation effects and low space utilization rate, so that the tree form is mainly bred, summer cutting is implemented, reasonable strip keeping, ventilation and light transmission and cultivation are combined in tree management, and the problems of small yield ratio in unit area, low income and the like still exist. Therefore, a fast-growing, high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode of fruit mulberries is expected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-trellis cultivation method for mulberries, which aims to solve the technical defects in the background art, improve the yield and benefit of mulberries planting, improve the economic benefit of land unit area and provide technical support for developing three-dimensional agriculture, ecological agriculture and leisure sightseeing agriculture.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a mulberry double-hedge frame cultivation method, which comprises the steps of building a double-hedge frame, wherein the double-hedge frame comprises a support consisting of a plurality of cross rods and a vertical rod, the cross rods are fixed on the vertical rod, and the vertical rod is fixed in ridge banks; the number of the supports is at least two, and stay wires are connected with two ends of the cross rod at the same horizontal height; after the fruit mulberry is fixedly planted, the fruit branches are fixed on the stay wires at the two sides of the bracket.
Preferably, the cross rods comprise a first cross rod, a second cross rod and a third cross rod, and the lengths of the first cross rod, the second cross rod and the third cross rod on the vertical rods are sequentially prolonged to form a 'feng' structure.
Preferably, the planting direction is the same as the direction of the support and the pull line and is in the north-south direction.
Preferably, the mulberry of the invention also comprises land shaping before planting: applying enough base fertilizer, deeply turning and leveling the soil, and ridging along the double-fence-frame support and the stay wire direction to form a ridge table-board.
Preferably, the mulberry field planting of the invention selects mulberry seedlings which are grown in the current year and/or 2 to 3 years and have no plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the mulberry of the invention is trimmed and put on the shelf after planting: after the trunk is fixed, a trunk is arranged between the ground and the first-level branch, the first-level branch is trimmed and cultured on the trunk, and then a result branch is trimmed and cultured on the basis of the first-level branch; and (5) bundling and fastening branches of the fruiting branches and each layer of horizontal stay wires for shelving.
Further preferably, the number of the branches of the first-level branch is 2-3, and the branches of the first-level branch are cut short when the length of the branches of the first-level branch reaches 0.15-0.35 m.
Furthermore, 2-3 fruiting branches are reserved on each first-level branch, and the rest axillary bud branches are cut off.
Furthermore, 6 to 8 fruiting branches are reserved in the whole mulberry.
Preferably, the main stem and the first-level branch are reserved after the fruit mulberry is ripe and picked, branches with the length of 3-5 cm are reserved at the base of the second-level branch, and the rest parts are completely cut off.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the height space is effectively utilized through double-trellis cultivation, branches and leaves are ventilated and uniformly transparent, and the problems of low yield per unit area, poor quality and low benefit in fruit mulberry planting management are solved.
2. The invention distributes the branches uniformly on the hedge frame by orderly distributing the branches and the leaves, overcomes the overlapping or lodging of the branches and the leaves caused by free growth, and solves the problems of overlapping light of the branches and the leaves and low efficiency while ventilating and transmitting light uniformly.
3. The flower buds are fully nutritious: according to the method, the top end advantage is utilized to drive the branches to grow upwards, flower buds and hidden buds are not easy to germinate, and the occurrence of blind nodes of fruiting branches is avoided.
4. Can improve the quality of fruits and reduce fruit drop: the management result according to the method is large, the sizing is good, the sugar content is high, the coloring is uniform, the management method has high yield compared with other management modes with the same tree age, the maturity and the maturity are controllable, and the management method is suitable for planting raw materials such as wine brewing and the like and picking and or anti-season production.
5. Close planting and high yield: the method has the advantages of high planting density, good high yield effect, relatively simple management and easy popularization and study of farmers.
The mulberry double-trellis cultivation method has wide application range, is suitable for various mulberry varieties, and is also suitable for land, arched shed and greenhouse cultivation modes. The fruit can be harvested uniformly, and the foundation is laid for mechanical harvesting in the future; the invention provides technical support for improving the economic benefit of unit area of land and developing three-dimensional agriculture, ecological agriculture and leisure sightseeing agriculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a double-hedge frame for fruit mulberry;
FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical height view of various cross bars;
FIG. 3 is a length schematic of different cross bars;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of ridge and furrow structures;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of mulberry growing on a double trellis.
Wherein, 1, erecting poles; 21. a first cross bar; 22. a second cross bar; 23. a third cross bar; 3. a pull wire; 4. obliquely pulling the fixed wire; 5. ridge ridging; 6. furrowing; 70. a trunk; 71. a first-level branch; 72. secondary branch; 73. and (5) three-stage branch stems.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a mulberry double-hedge frame cultivation method, which comprises the steps of building a double-hedge frame, wherein the double-hedge frame comprises a support consisting of a plurality of cross rods and a vertical rod, the cross rods are fixed on the vertical rod, and the vertical rod is fixed in ridge banks; the number of the supports is at least two, and stay wires are connected with two ends of the cross rod at the same horizontal height; after the fruit mulberry is fixedly planted, the fruit branches are fixed on the stay wires at the two sides of the bracket.
The double-fence frame is a frame structure which is similar to a fence and is formed by connecting a plurality of brackets through fixed pull wires. Preferably, the cross bars comprise a first cross bar, a second cross bar and a third cross bar, the lengths of the first cross bar, the second cross bar and the third cross bar on the vertical bars are sequentially prolonged, and the single row is of a 'feng' -shaped support structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part. Optionally, the lengths of the first cross bar, the second cross bar and the third cross bar are 0.3-0.7 meter, 0.5-0.9 meter and 0.7-1.1 meter respectively, and preferably 0.50 meter, 0.70 meter and 0.90 meter. Two ends of the cross bars with the same horizontal height of the plurality of the 'feng' -shaped supports are mutually connected to form a double-hedge frame, and the stay wires are fixed.
The two ends of the cross rods between the same heights on the same ridge stem are fixedly connected with connecting wires, namely the first cross rod and the first cross rod, the second cross rod and the second cross rod, and the third cross rod of each support are fixedly connected with the pull wires. The material of the fixing pull wire is not specially limited, and the fixing pull wire can be made of metal and/or nylon material, and preferably thick iron wire. Specifically, the two ends of the first cross rod and the two ends of the first cross rod on each layer of support are connected and fixed in parallel through thick iron wires, the two ends of the second cross rod and the two ends of the second cross rod on the support are connected and fixed in parallel through thick iron wires, and the two ends of the third cross rod on the support are connected and fixed in parallel through thick iron wires.
As the preferred scheme, the bracket of the invention is connected with a fixed object buried in the soil through a diagonal draw fixing wire and is fastened outwards, so as to prevent the bracket from inclining towards the middle under the action of gravity; preferably, the inclined pulling fixing wire is a thick iron wire.
The vertical rods and the cross rods of the support are buried in the middle of the ridge platform in the same direction and deep in the ridge platform, and can be made of cement, wood, iron and other materials, so that the support is convenient to construct and has a better firmness degree, and the support of the double fence supports in the shape of the Chinese character feng welded by iron pipes is preferred. According to the invention, the height of the vertical rod of the Feng-shaped support is preferably 2-4 meters, the further preferred height is 3 meters, the height of the vertical rod is 0.3-0.7 meter under the ridge platform, the further preferred height is 0.50 meter, the height of the vertical rod is 2-3 meters above the ridge platform, the further preferred height is 2.50 meters, the row spacing is preferably 1.5-2.1 meters, and the further preferred height is 1.8 meters. The three cross bars fixed on the vertical bars of the double-hedge frame are preferably fixed with the height of 0.7-1.1 m, preferably 0.9 m, 1.5-1.9 m, preferably 1.7 m, 2.1-2.5 m, preferably 2.3 m from the top of the ridge platform.
The invention carries out land shaping before field planting of mulberries, comprises applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and leveling the land, and ridging the land along the direction of the double-fence frame and the stay wire. The mulberry has strong drought resistance and saline-alkali resistance, and is suitable for various soil planting. Leveling land, applying enough base fertilizer and deeply turning, and selecting and designing the orientations of ridge ridges and double-hedge frames according to sunlight and wind direction. Whether land or protected land is planted, a north-south orientation framework mode is generally preferred, and ventilation and light transmission are facilitated. And (3) ridging along the directions of the double-fence-frame supports and the pull wires to form a horizontal trapezoidal ridge table, and taking soil from the furrows to ridging on the ridges. The height of ridge ridges is preferably 0.2-0.4 m, and the further preference is 0.30 m; the width of the ridge top is 0.1-0.3 m, and the further optimization is 0.20 m; the width of the bottom edge is 0.6-1 m, and more preferably 0.80 m. After soil is taken for ridge culture, the cross section of each furrow is of an inverted trapezoidal structure, the width of the upper edge of each furrow is preferably 1.4-1.8 m, and the further preferred width is 1.60 m; the width of the lower edge is 0.8-1.2 m, and more preferably 1 m. The invention adopts a conventional fertilization management mode.
The mulberry field planting of the invention selects the mulberry strong seedlings which are grown in the current year or 2 to 3 years and have no insect pest. The fruit mulberry field planting is reasonably matched with a dense planting row spacing structure according to the space utilization condition, a field planting pit is dug in the center of a ridge table board, fruit mulberry seedlings are not easy to be planted deeply, the row spacing is preferably 0.6-1 meter, and the further preferably 0.8 meter; the row spacing is 1.6-2 m, more preferably 1.8 m. The field planting of the mulberry is in the north-south direction, and the fixed dry height is preferably 0.1-0.3 m, and more preferably 0.20 m. Watering twice after planting is favorable for survival of the nursery stock.
The mulberry field planting management method is used for pruning and putting on the shelf after field planting. The method comprises the following steps: after the trunk is fixed, a trunk is arranged between the ground and the first-level branch, the first-level branch is trimmed and cultured on the trunk, and then the result branch is trimmed and cultured on the basis of the first-level branch. And (5) bundling and fastening branches of the fruiting branches and each layer of horizontal stay wires for shelving. The result branch refers to a second-level branch and a third-level branch which are bred from the first-level branch through pruning.
In the invention, trunk pruning specifically refers to selecting trunk fixed-stem height according to geographical conditions and ridging height after field planting, and then pruning redundant branches. The height from the ground to the first level of the branch is called the trunk. The trunk of the present invention preferably has a fixed height of 0.1 to 0.3 m, and more preferably 0.2 m.
In the invention, the first-stage branch pruning specifically means that 1 to 4 robust axillary buds, preferably 2 to 3 axillary buds with better growth angles are reserved on two sides of each plant after the trunk is determined, the axillary buds grow to form a first-stage branch, the first-stage branch grows horizontally towards two sides of a hedgerow frame, the length of the first-stage branch is selected according to geographical conditions and the width of a double hedgerow frame, the length of the first-stage branch is preferably 0.15 to 0.35 meter of short section, the length of the first-stage branch is further preferably 0.25 meter of short section, and the part reserved after the short section is the first-stage branch.
In the invention, the secondary branch pruning specifically means that the branches of the primary branches grow towards two sides of the trellis horizontally, axillary buds growing after the truncation gradually grow into branches, namely the secondary branches, and 2-3 secondary branches are preferably reserved on each primary branch.
In the invention, the third-level branch pruning specifically means that under the condition that the tree vigor is weak or the reserved quantity of the second-level branches is small, the part above semi-lignification on the second-level branches is pruned, and the third-level branches are cultured. Proper culture of tertiary branches is common in practice.
After pruning, one or two terminal buds upwards are reserved on each fruiting branch to continue growing, and the rest axillary buds are removed by wiping and the branches are cut off. When the growth point of the branches is higher than that of the horizontal stay wires, the branches are uniformly arranged on the inner side of the stay wires of the hedge frame and are firmly bound, and the branches are repeatedly trimmed and bound upwards.
In a natural environment, the second-level and/or third-level branch branches grow to autumn, naturally fall leaves and are dormant after frost, flower and bear fruits in the next spring after natural dormancy (hibernation), and mature picking is carried out before and after the solar term is filled, so that the conventional once-a-year maturation is realized. The anti-season production is controlled manually, the mulberry is dormant through manual measures, and after the measures are dormant (thermal dormancy), the mulberry flowers and fruits are ripened and picked again, so that the anti-season production, namely twice ripening in one year, is realized. During off-season production, the growth time of the second-level and/or third-level branch stems is ninety days or more, and artificial dormancy measures can be taken. The manual dormancy breaking measures are not particularly limited, and the conventional dormancy breaking measures can be adopted, such as the method for the secondary flowering and fruiting of the mulberry disclosed in the patent CN 111373971A.
According to the invention, the mulberry is timely renewed and pruned after harvesting is finished, the trunk and the first-level branch are reserved after each ripening and harvesting, branches with the length of 3-5 cm are reserved at the base of the second-level branch, the rest parts are completely pruned, and second-level and third-level branch branches which grow in the same year are continuously cultured, which are also called fruiting branches.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Double-fence-rack land mulberry cultivation
Leveling land, applying enough base fertilizer and deeply turning, and designing the double-fence frame to be in the north-south direction, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission. And (3) ridging along the direction of the double-fence-frame support to form horizontal trapezoidal ridges 5, and taking soil from the furrows 6 to ridging on the ridges 5. The ridge 5 is 0.30 m high, 0.20 m wide at the top and 0.80 m wide at the bottom. After soil is taken and ridge is built, the cross section of a ridge 5 is in a trapezoidal structure, and the cross section of a furrow 6 is in an inverted trapezoidal structure. The width of the upper edge of the furrow 6 is 1.60 meters, the width of the lower edge is 1 meter, and the height is 0.30 meter (figure 4).
The double-fence frame is a frame structure which is formed by connecting a plurality of brackets through fixed pull wires 3 and is similar to two rows of fences. The support comprises a vertical rod 1 and three cross rods fixed on the vertical rod 1, a first cross rod 21, a second cross rod 22 and a third cross rod 23 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the lengths of the first cross rod 21, the second cross rod 22 and the third cross rod 23 are respectively 0.50 meter, 0.70 meter and 0.90 meter, so that a 'feng' -shaped support structure (shown in figure 2) with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part is formed. The vertical rods 1 and the ridge 5 are in the same direction and are deeply buried in the middle of the table board of the ridge 5, the height of each vertical rod 1 is 3 meters, 0.50 meter is buried under the table board of the ridge 5, and 2.50 meters is exposed on the table board of the ridge 5. The row spacing of the vertical rods 1 is 1.8 m. The fixed heights of the first cross bar 21, the second cross bar 22 and the third cross bar 23 are respectively 0.9 meter, 1.7 meter and 2.3 meter from the top of the ridge 5 (figure 3).
And the fixed pull wires 3 are connected with the two ends of the first cross bar 21 and the first cross bar 21, the second cross bar 22 and the second cross bar 22, and the third cross bar 23 of each support to form a double-hedge frame. The stent is connected with a fixed object buried in the soil through a diagonal tension fixing wire 4 and fastened outwards, and is prevented from inclining towards the middle under the action of gravity (figure 1).
The vertical rod 1 and the cross rod can be made of cement, wood, iron and other materials, so that the iron pipe welding bumper is preferable for the iron pipe welding bumper double-hedge frame support in the aspects of convenient construction and firmness comparison. The pull wire 3 and the inclined pull fixing wire 4 can be made of metal and/or nylon materials, and thick iron wires are preferred.
Selecting current-year or 2-3-year strong fruit mulberry seedlings without insect pests, planting the strong fruit mulberry seedlings on the 5-stage surface of a ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 0.8 m, the row spacing is 1.8 m, the direction of south and north is formed, the fixed-stem height is 0.20 m, and watering twice after planting is favorable for survival of the seedlings.
A trunk 70 is arranged between the ground and the first-level branches 71, branches cultured on the trunk 70 after trunk setting are the first-level branches 71, branches cultured on the first-level branches are the second-level branches 72, and branches cultured on the second-level branches are the third-level branches 73. And (3) reserving 1 to 4 robust axillary buds on two sides of each plant after stem setting, selecting 2 to 3 axillary buds with better growth angles to grow to form a first-level branch 71 branch, horizontally growing the first-level branch 71 branch to two sides of the trellis, and cutting the branch after the length reaches 0.25 m. The axillary buds growing after the cutting gradually grow into branches which are secondary branches 72, 2-3 secondary branches 72 are reserved on each primary branch 71, and under the condition that the tree vigor is weak or the reserved quantity of the secondary branches 72 is small, the parts above semi-lignification of the secondary branches 72 are cut off, and the tertiary branches 73 are cultured. One or two terminal buds upwards are reserved on each second-level branch 72 and each third-level branch 73 to continue growing, and the rest axillary buds are removed by wiping and the branches are cut off. When the growing point of the branches is higher than that of the horizontal stay wires 3, the branches are uniformly arranged on the inner side of the fence frame stay wires 3 and are firmly bound, and the branches are repeatedly trimmed and bound upwards (figure 5).
According to the double trellis planting density (1.8 multiplied by 0.8) of the row spacing of 1.8 meters and the plant spacing of 0.8 meter in the embodiment, 462 plants are planted per mu, 6-8 bearing branches are left in each plant, 22.3 fruit clusters are averagely planted per plant, 156 fruit clusters are total, 4 fruits are averagely planted per cluster, 624 fruits are total, the average single fruit weight of the seedless big ten-fruit mulberry variety is 6 g, the single plant weight is 3744 g (7.48 jin), and the yield per mu is 3459.5 jin.
And (3) timely carrying out updating and pruning after harvesting of the mulberry, reserving a main trunk and a first-level branch after each time of mature harvesting, reserving branches with the length of 3-5 cm at the base of a second-level branch, completely pruning the rest parts, and continuously culturing second-level and third-level branch branches of the current year.
Example 2
Mulberry cultivation in double-fence-frame protected land
The planting management and trimming method of mulberry cultivation in the double-trellis protected field are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
In the embodiment, the double trellis planting density (1.8 multiplied by 0.8) of the row spacing of 1.8 meters and the plant spacing of 0.8 meters is 462 plants per mu, 6-8 bearing branches are left in each plant, 30.8 fruit clusters are averagely arranged in each plant, 216 fruit clusters are totally arranged, 4 fruits are averagely arranged in each cluster, 864 fruits are totally arranged, the average single fruit weight of the seedless big ten-fruit mulberry variety is 6 g, the single plant weight is 5184 g (10.3 jin), and the yield per mu is 4790 jin.
Compared with the land mulberry cultivation with the double hedgerow frames in the embodiment 1, the yield per plant and the yield per mu are greatly increased due to the optimization of production conditions, the high-quality fruit yield reaches more than 90%, and the income of farmers reaches the best.
Comparative example 1
Single-hedge-frame land mulberry cultivation
The land mulberry planting with single hedge frame has the same planting management as the double hedge frame, and is different from the double hedge frame in the structure of the hedge frame. The single hedge frame of this comparison example's framework is: the row spacing of the vertical rods is unchanged, the vertical rods are not provided with cross rods, the horizontal heights of the fixed stay wires are respectively 0.9 meter, 1.7 meters and 2.3 meters, the fixed stay wires directly fixedly connect the vertical rods, and the number of the fixed stay wires is reduced from 6 to 3. After the mulberry branches grow and the growing points of the branches are higher than the horizontal stay wires, the branches are uniformly arranged on the horizontal stay wires and are firmly bound, and the branches are repeatedly trimmed and bound upwards to form a row of fence similar to a wall.
In the comparative example, the planting density of the double trellis with the row spacing of 1.8 meters and the plant spacing of 0.8 meter (1.8 multiplied by 0.8) is 462 plants per mu, 7-9 bearing branches are left on each plant, 18.8 fruit clusters are averagely arranged on each plant, 150 fruit clusters are in total, 4 fruits are averagely arranged on each cluster, 600 fruits are in total, the average single fruit weight of the seedless big ten-fruit mulberry variety is 5 g, the single plant weight is 3000 g (6 jin), and the yield per mu is 2772 jin.
Compared with the double-trellis land cultivation in example 1, the single-trellis cultivation has the main reason that the average single-fruit weight is reduced from 6 g to 5 g due to the large density of branches and leaves of the single trellis, which causes the natural fruit drop phenomenon.
Comparative example 2
Mulberry cultivation in single-trellis protected land
The planting management and pruning method for mulberry cultivation in the single-trellis protected field is the same as the comparative example 1.
In the comparative example, the double-trellis planting density (1.8 multiplied by 0.8) of the row spacing of 1.8 meters and the plant spacing of 0.8 meters is 462 plants per mu, 7-9 bearing branches are left in each plant, 21.3 bearing ears are averagely provided for each plant, 170 bearing ears are provided for each plant, 4 fruits are provided for each ear, 680 fruits are provided for each plant, the average single fruit weight of the seedless big ten-fruit mulberry variety is 5 g, the single plant weight is 3400 g (6.8 jin), and the yield per mu is 3141 jin.
Compared with the comparative example 1, the single-plant yield and the per mu yield are increased, but compared with the double-trellis land cultivation in the example 1, the single-trellis land cultivation has the advantages that one to two fruiting branches are remained on average in each plant, the single-plant yield is still inferior to the double-trellis land cultivation and is inferior to the double-trellis land cultivation because the single-trellis branches and leaves are too many, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, the natural fruit drop phenomenon is generated, the average single-fruit weight is reduced and is reduced from 6 g to 5 g.
Comparative example 3
Conventional land mulberry cultivation
According to conventional land mulberry cultivation, mulberries grow upwards freely after sprouting, and the management of field planting is carried out in the same management mode of a double-hedge frame and a single-hedge frame without being supported by hedge frames.
In the comparative example, the planting density of the double trellis with the row spacing of 1.8 meters and the plant spacing of 0.8 meter (1.8 multiplied by 0.8) is 462 plants per mu, 11-13 bearing branches are left in each plant, 9.3 bearing clusters are averagely arranged, 112 bearing clusters are in total, 4 fruits are averagely arranged in each cluster, 448 fruits are in total, the average single fruit weight of the seedless big ten-fruit mulberry variety is 4 g, the single plant weight is 1792 g (3.6 jin), and the yield per mu is 1656 jin.
Comparative example 4
Cultivation of fruit mulberry in conventional protected area
The planting and pruning management of the conventional protected mulberry cultivation is the same as the comparative example 3.
In the comparative example, the planting density of the double trellis with the row spacing of 1.8 meters and the plant spacing of 0.8 meter (1.8 multiplied by 0.8) is 462 plants per mu, 11-13 bearing branches are left in each plant, 12.2 bearing clusters are averagely arranged each, 147 bearing clusters are totally arranged, 4 bearing fruits are averagely arranged in each bearing cluster, 588 bearing fruits are totally arranged, the average single fruit weight of the seedless big ten-fruit mulberry variety is 4 g, the single plant weight is 2352 g (4.7 jin), and the yield per mu is 2173 jin.
Compared with a single hedge frame and a double hedge frame, the fruit mulberries cultivated on the conventional land and the fruit mulberries cultivated in the conventional protected land grow freely after sprouting, so that the fruit mulberries are larger in size, the lignification degree of newly-grown branches is lower, the branches often fall down, and new branches are regenerated due to buds on the back; as the mulberry branches are difficult to grow to a high position and poly-mulberry branches are gathered in a space below 1.5 meters, the density of the branches is too high, flower bud differentiation is affected, and a plurality of blind buds can appear; and because the ventilation and the light transmission are not smooth, a small amount of natural fruit drop phenomenon occurs, the quality is reduced, the sugar content is reduced, the average weight of a single fruit is reduced from 6 g to 4 g, and the yield of a single plant is far lower than that of a double hedge frame and a single hedge frame.
TABLE 1 comparison table of yields of different cultivation methods
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mulberry double-trellis cultivation method is characterized by comprising the steps of building a double-trellis, wherein the double-trellis comprises a bracket consisting of a plurality of cross rods and a vertical rod, the cross rods are fixed on the vertical rod, and the vertical rod is fixed in ridge banks; the number of the supports is at least two, and stay wires are connected with two ends of the cross rod at the same horizontal height; after the fruit mulberry is fixedly planted, the fruit branches are fixed on the pull wires at the two sides of the bracket.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross bars comprise a first cross bar, a second cross bar and a third cross bar, and the lengths of the first cross bar, the second cross bar and the third cross bar on the vertical bars are sequentially prolonged to form a 'feng' structure.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting direction is the same as the direction of the support and the pull line, and the planting direction is north-south.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the mulberry further comprises land shaping before planting: applying enough base fertilizer, deeply turning and leveling the soil, and ridging along the double-fence-frame support and the stay wire direction to form a ridge table-board.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the morus alba planting is selected from morus alba seedlings which are grown in the current year and/or 2 to 3 years and have no plant diseases and insect pests.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit mulberry is subjected to pruning and shelving management after planting: after the trunk is fixed, a trunk is arranged between the ground and the first-level branch, the first-level branch is trimmed and cultured on the trunk, and a result branch is trimmed and cultured on the first-level branch; and (5) bundling and fastening branches of the fruiting branches and each layer of horizontal stay wires for shelving.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the number of the branches of the first-level branch is 2-3, and the branches of the first-level branch are cut when the length of the branches of the first-level branch is 0.15-0.35 m.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein 2-3 fruiting branches are retained on each first branch, and the remaining axillary bud branches are cut off.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein 6 to 8 fruiting branches are retained in the whole mulberry.
10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the main trunk and the first-level branch are reserved after the fruit mulberry is ripe and picked, branches with the length of 3-5 cm are reserved at the base of the second-level branch, and the rest parts are completely cut off.
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| CN113207527A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-06 | 杭州富阳君晓农业科技有限公司 | Planting method beneficial to directional growth of mulberry and fixing device thereof |
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