CN111742776A - Wine glass type grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof - Google Patents
Wine glass type grape landscape planting support and planting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a wine cup type grape landscape planting support and a planting method thereof. The modeling is novel and unique, and the ornamental value is high; the light receiving area is large, and the coloring and sensory quality of the grapes are improved; the fruiting part is convenient to pick, and the sightseeing commercial value is increased; is suitable for areas which do not have earth burial and cold protection and have developed local tourism culture. The technical scheme of the invention comprises a red wine glass type structure consisting of a lower main body framework, an upper main body framework and a tip binding iron wire ring; the lower main body framework is a vertical bracket to form a wine glass 'cup stalk'; the upper main body framework comprises three groups of brackets formed by connecting vertical parts and arc parts, the bottoms of the 3 arc parts are intersected and fixedly connected with the top of the lower main body framework, and the 3 vertical parts are parallelly, annularly and uniformly distributed for numerical value setting; the binding tip iron wire rings are provided with a plurality of iron wire rings which are uniformly distributed and horizontally wound on the upper main body framework. Is prepared by adopting a certain planting method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a wine cup type grape landscape planting support and a planting method thereof.
Background
Grapes play an important role in fruits in China. In 200 kg of fruits per capita in China, 7.6 percent of grapes contribute, the grapes are ranked 4 th after apples, oranges and pears, and 8.67 kg of grapes are eaten fresh. The grape production area and the yield of grapes in China are rapidly developed thanks to the innovative application of grape varieties and cultivation technology, and the yield of fresh grapes is far ahead of that of other countries in the world. During the period of 2015-2017, the cultivated area of Chinese grapes is increased at a rate of 1.35% every year, the Chinese grapes are located in the world second for 3 years continuously, the yield is ranked world first for 3 years continuously, and the cultivated area of fresh grapes is always located in the world first for years and is basically kept stable. As an efficient economic crop with strong adaptability, wide planting range and easy management, grapes become a bulk fruit indispensable to farmers for income increase, regional economic development and consumption markets. The grape planting technology is continuously innovated, the economic benefit is continuously improved, new technology is continuously researched and developed, the related new industry is different in military projection, and the new trend of new and vigorous development is presented, so that the method makes an important contribution to the vogue of villages and the accurate poverty alleviation.
At present, the common shed frame for cultivating fresh grapes emphasizes on improving the overall photosynthesis of the grape vines, but neglects numerous problems of time consumption, labor consumption and the like of annual management; the Y-shaped frame solves the problem of poor ventilation of the shed frame, but the fruiting part is exposed outside, so that physiological diseases such as sunscald, fruit shrinkage, pedicel withering, fruit cracking, early defoliation and the like of the grape fruits are easy to occur; in a non-soil-buried cold-proof area, the wine grape is in a multi-purpose single-trunk double-arm tree shape, the tree shape with better fruit quality, coloring and the like is adopted at present, but the problem that fruit parts are easy to move outwards exists, and the utilization rate of good land is greatly reduced by controlling the fruit number for ensuring the fruit quality. At present, the grape planting area in China is in a stable stage, the grape yield is stably improved, and only by improving the utilization rate of a good land area, the yield and the quality can be improved while the input of manpower and material resources is controlled, so that low input and high return are realized. With the advance of urbanization and the improvement of living standard of people, more and more urban residents have a life of going to the city and the countryside, namely, an agricultural sightseeing garden. The sightseeing agriculture integrates scientificity, knowledge, interestingness, participation and operability, has low investment and quick response, and has unique charm incomparable with other tourism products. With the rapid development of agricultural sightseeing gardens, the requirements on landscape planning and design are higher and higher, and the agricultural sightseeing garden has to have artistry and appreciation as a tourism garden to meet the visual experience and the soul feeling of people. Therefore, the culture carried by the agricultural sightseeing park becomes a key point and a bright point during planning, and the cultural connotation is realized by materialization and publicization through a material carrier, so that tourists can obtain fun in appreciation and the sightseeing park can be developed sustainably. With the demand of modern urban leisure agriculture for the development direction of the grape industry, the development of grape planting tends to various creative forms such as leisure sightseeing picking and text travel experience. From the demand of consumers for fresh grapes, domestic consumers are no longer only satisfied with the grape eating, but are required to be fresh and delicious and meet individual demands. Data shows that more and more consumers are willing to choose to pick up this emerging eating experience and purchase channel by visiting vineyards. In the 20 th month in 2019, the eleventh international grape and wine academic seminar and silk rural area industry fusion forum conference, the Liu researcher in Hebei province forestry scientific research institute has set forth the concept, function and characteristics of leisure sightseeing agriculture in the report of how grapes are fused into leisure sightseeing industry, and the method indicates that the leisure sightseeing agriculture can improve the living environment of people and obtain higher return than general agriculture while providing fresh, sanitary and safe agricultural products for urban residents, and is a new industry for increasing income of farmers, developing regional economy, exciting countryside, precisely supporting poverty and promoting three-yield fusion. In recent years, while the first industry mainly based on grape planting is rapidly developed, the second industry mainly based on grape fine processing and the third industry mainly based on grape leisure sightseeing are different military projects, the characteristics of a large amount of grape leisure sightseeing grape industries such as Hippocampus and Lu-xi-an-white-deer-origin, Turpan grape ditches and Fuan-thorn grape ditches are developed rapidly, the development of the third industry of grapes is led, the integration of the first industry, the second industry and the third industry is realized, and the development of the leisure tourism industry in China is contributed. According to 2018 years of statistics in the annual book of China, the cultivation of fresh grapes in China is concentrated in Xinjiang, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Yunnan and other south areas. Therefore, there is a need to develop leisure sightseeing agriculture for grapes in southern areas. The southern area of China is a production area which is the fastest grape development since the development of the grapes is reformed and opened, and has the following advantages of grape production development:
firstly, the climate is mild, the grapes appear on the market early, the period of no frost is long without the need of being laid down and buried in soil in winter, the effective accumulated temperature is high, and the grapes grow and develop quickly. Meanwhile, reasonable summer pruning can be adopted to enhance the management of fertilizer and water, so that the purpose of fruiting for many times a year is achieved;
secondly, hills, barren mountains, barren slopes and mudflats have large areas, dense population and more labor force, and enough land and manpower can be used for developing grape production;
thirdly, the southern area has dense population, higher living and consuming level and wide development market;
and fourthly, the market in the south is active, the market price of the high-quality grapes is higher, and the economic benefit is higher.
Therefore, the development of grapes in southern areas of China has wide prospects. However, the development of grape production in south has not only to develop advantages, but also to realize disadvantages, and adopt measures of developing advantages and avoiding disadvantages to avoid harm. At present, the area and the yield of southern grape cultivation respectively account for about 25 percent and 26 percent of the total area and the total yield of the country, the grape cultivation has formed an industrial scale, and the grape cultivation management technology is at a higher level in the country. In addition, various high-efficiency cultivation techniques are adopted in multiple places in the south to improve the quality of the grapes and reduce diseases caused by rainwater. Physiological diseases in southern grape producing areas have attracted attention in recent years. The physiological diseases such as sunburn syndrome such as stain and fruit shrinkage (gas burn), pedicellus blight (water jar disease), dehiscence and early defoliation. The characteristics of the southern climate and ecological conditions and the cultivation habit make the grapes prone to physiological diseases. The grape cultivation technology in south China is backward, the production experience is insufficient, and key problems such as fine variety screening, high-quality and high-yield matched cultivation technology systems and the like need to be solved. In addition, the development from the production in the big garden to the production of competitive products and sightseeing tourism has become the development trend of the southern grape industry. With the development of leisure tourism and leisure agriculture in cities around cities, grapes become essential fruit trees for various leisure villas and villages around the cities, and the grapes have the characteristics of novelty, three highs, namely novel variety, high garden building cost, high management level and high selling price.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a wine glass type grape landscape planting support and a planting method thereof, and the support is novel and unique in shape and high in ornamental value; the light receiving area is large, and the coloring and sensory quality of the grapes are improved; the fruiting part is convenient to pick, and the sightseeing commercial value is increased; is suitable for areas which do not have earth burial and cold protection and have developed local tourism culture.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a support is planted to wineglass type grape view which characterized in that: comprises a red wine cup-shaped structure consisting of a lower main body framework, an upper main body framework and a tip binding iron wire ring;
the lower main body framework is a vertical support to form a wine glass 'cup stem';
the upper main body framework comprises three groups of brackets formed by connecting vertical parts and arc parts, the bottoms of the 3 arc parts are intersected and fixedly connected with the top of the lower main body framework, and the 3 vertical parts are parallelly, annularly and uniformly distributed for numerical value setting;
the binding tip iron wire rings are provided with a plurality of binding tip iron wire rings which are uniformly distributed and horizontally wound on the upper main body framework.
Further, the height of the lower main body framework is 0.8-1 meter.
Further, the height of the upper main body framework is 1 meter, wherein the height of the vertical part is 0.7 meter, the height of the arc line part is 0.3 meter, the maximum diameter is 0.8 meter, and the included angle between the adjacent arc line parts is 120 degrees.
A grape vine planting method of a wine glass type grape landscape planting support comprises the following steps:
(4) the first year
Planting distance is 1.8-2 m, and row distance is 2.5 m;
after growing to more than 30cm, the plant-planted seedlings are bound with the pillars to enable the plant-planted seedlings to grow vertically along the lower main body framework, in the growing process, terminal buds are left, most of buds on the trunk are erased, leaves meeting the photosynthesis required by plant growth are left, and buds near the terminal buds are left to develop into new tips when the trunk grows to 60-70 cm;
(5) two to many years old
Starting in spring of the next year, selecting three annual branches with good development near the top of a trunk, respectively binding the annual branches to three supports of an upper main body framework, enabling the annual branches to develop into main vines along the direction of the supports, continuously growing the annual branches to the same height as the upper main body framework, then pinching, enabling the annual branches to stop growing to be high, forming the main vines, trimming the main vines in the process, reserving two adjacent buds at intervals of 15-20 cm on the main vines, reserving leaves meeting photosynthesis required by plant growth, enabling one of the two buds to develop into a fruiting mother branch, enabling the other bud to develop into a nutrition branch, respectively winding the two adjacent tying iron wire rings, and properly trimming long tips according to the density degree of branches and leaves; when the height of the lower trunk reaches 0.8-1 m, pinching is carried out, and the upper growth of the trunk is stopped;
(6) post management
When the bearing mother branches are pruned in winter, the bearing mother branches and the nutrition branches in the last year are pruned to be short tips, so that the nutrition branches become bearing mother branches in the second year, the bearing mother branches are alternately updated to ensure the vitality of the bearing mother branches and the fruit quality, and finally three rows of fruit ears are formed on the outer walls of the red wine cups.
Further, short tips in the step are trimmed to leave 2-3 winter buds for winter trimming.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the red wine glass type grape planting structure can plant more grape vines in the same land area, the yield of the grapes in unit area is improved, the tree-shaped fruiting parts are vertically and uniformly distributed, the occupied area is saved, the management is convenient, and the grape quality is guaranteed;
2. the structure of the invention takes a red wine cup type framework as a support column to support the grape vine, the grape vine leaf curtain is in a single layer and is uniformly distributed on the outer side of the cup wall, the light receiving area is increased, ventilation is facilitated, the development of the grape vine body is facilitated, the tree vigor is stabilized, the nutrient supply of grape fruits is increased, the fruit quality can be improved, and the grape vine leaf curtain is more suitable for eating; reducing fruit diseases and rot;
3. the grape leaf curtain designed by the invention is single-layer and is uniformly distributed on the upper bracket iron wire ring, so that the light receiving area is increased, ventilation is facilitated, accumulation of anthocyanin and sugar is facilitated, and the quality and the sensory quality of grapes are improved; the efficiency of photosynthesis is improved, the development of the grapevine body is guaranteed, the tree vigor is stabilized, meanwhile, sufficient nutrients supplied to the grape fruits are also ensured, the sugar content and the sensory quality are improved, and the taste is more suitable for eating;
4. the invention leaves the nutrition branches, and the branches and leaves of the nutrition branches have certain shading effect on the fruits, so that physiological diseases such as sunburn and the like of the fruits are avoided; the ventilation effect is improved, and the infection of fungal diseases such as anthracnose and the like is avoided;
5. according to the invention, the fruit mother branches and the nutrition branches grow freely along the bound iron wires, the pruning is simple and quick, the manual technical requirement is low, and the labor force is saved; the young shoots can be built according to the required tree type effect, the density degree of branches and leaves can be controlled, the control is flexible, and the degree of freedom is high; the young shoots are horizontally wound and bound on an iron wire, so that the overgrowth of the young shoots caused by the top advantages is effectively relieved;
6. the invention can effectively prevent the trunk and main tendrils of the grape plant from extending, and the position of the bearing branch group is basically unchanged by short tip trimming, so as to prevent bearing parts from moving outwards and tree vigor from senilism;
7. the invention provides a planting method for tourism development, which is novel in shape, suitable for viewing, simple and convenient to operate, convenient to manage and excellent in sensory quality of grapes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a "wine glass type" rack;
FIG. 3a shows the growth of the planted seedlings bound to the support pillars;
FIG. 3b is a schematic view of the growth of three main vines (leaves with main vines removed for easy visualization of the construction) supported by a "wine glass type" rack;
FIG. 3c is the final schematic view of the tree (with the main vine foliage removed for easy visualization);
FIG. 4a is a top view of the main runner (with the main runner removed for ease of visualization);
FIG. 4b shows the shoot remaining condition on the main vine (the leaves of the main vine have been removed for easy visualization of the structure);
FIG. 4c is a final schematic of the present invention;
description of the drawings: 1-lower main body framework, 2-upper main body framework, 3-tip binding iron wire ring, 4-vertical part and 5-arc part.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment provides a wineglass type grape landscape planting support, which comprises a wineglass type structure consisting of a lower main body framework 1, an upper main body framework 2 and a tip binding iron wire ring 3, and is shown in figure 1.
The lower main body framework 1 is a vertical support to form a wine glass stem, and the height of the wine glass stem is 0.8-1 m;
the upper main body framework 2 comprises three groups of supports formed by connecting vertical parts 4 and arc parts 5, the bottoms of the 3 arc parts are mutually converged and fixedly connected with the top of the lower main body framework 1, and the 3 vertical parts 4 are arranged in parallel, annularly and uniformly distributed with numerical values; the total height of the upper main body framework is 1 meter, wherein the height of the vertical part is 0.7 meter, the height of the arc part is 0.3 meter, the maximum diameter is 0.8 meter, and the diameter and the height are arranged on the basis of fitting the appearance proportion of the wine glass and are properly adjusted, so that the daylighting area and the ventilation effect are effectively increased, and the fruit bearing rate is increased; the included angle between adjacent arc sections 5 is 120 degrees, as shown in fig. 2, the structure is stressed uniformly and has strong resistance to external pressure, and the stability of the tree body is enhanced.
The tip binding iron wire rings are 11, 8 circular rings with the diameter of 0.8 meter are uniformly distributed at intervals of 10 centimeters and horizontally surround the vertical part of the upper main body framework, and the circular rings of the vertical part are uniformly and greatly arranged at intervals so as to ensure that the blade curtain is uniformly distributed and has good ventilation; the diameters of the circular rings are 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 meters respectively, the circular rings are uniformly distributed and horizontally surround the arc line part of the upper main body framework, the arrangement is tight and short so as to ensure the shape of a goblet belly, the trimming strength of the new tips of the arc line part can be properly increased in the summer trimming process, and the insect pests caused by too dense branches and leaves are avoided.
The total height of the tree body is 1.8-2 meters, the height of the lower main body framework is 0.8-1 meter, the height is set, so that the tourists can pick the tree conveniently, and the ground clearance of the main vines is increased.
The tree body has three main tendrils in a structure similar to an inverted tetrahedron, so that the structural stability of the tree body is enhanced, and the risk that the tree body is easily broken due to high wind in part of regions can be effectively prevented.
A grape vine planting method of a wine glass type grape landscape planting support comprises the following steps:
(1) the first year
Referring to fig. 3a, the planting distance is 1.8-2 m, and the row distance is 2.5 m;
after the plant seedlings grow to be more than 30cm, the plant seedlings are bound with the support columns (as shown in figure 3 a) so as to grow vertically along the lower main body framework 1, in the growing process, top buds are left, most buds on the main body are erased, and leaves meeting the photosynthesis required by the plant growth are left. When the trunk grows to 60-70 cm, buds near the terminal buds are left to develop into new shoots;
(2) two to many years old
Starting in spring of the next year, selecting three annual branches with good development near the tops of trunks, respectively binding the three annual branches to three supports of an upper main body framework, enabling the annual branches to develop into main vines along the direction of the supports, performing pinching after the annual branches continuously grow to the same height as the upper main body framework, enabling the annual branches to stop growing, forming the main vines at the moment, and referring to fig. 3b, trimming the main vines in the process, reserving two adjacent buds at intervals of 15-20 cm on the main vines, reserving leaves enough to meet photosynthesis required by plant growth, enabling one of the two buds to develop into a fruiting mother branch, enabling the other buds to develop into nutrition branches, respectively winding the nutrition branches on two adjacent binding tip iron wire rings, and properly performing tip pruning according to the density degrees of the branches and leaves; when the height of the lower trunk reaches 0.8-1 m, pinching is carried out, and the trunk stops growing and is as shown in fig. 3c and fig. 4 a;
short-tip pruning leaves 2-3 winter buds for winter pruning.
(3) Post management
When the bearing mother branches are pruned in winter, the bearing mother branches and the vegetative branches in the last year are pruned to be short tips, so that the vegetative branches become bearing mother branches in the second year, the bearing mother branches are updated alternately, the vitality of the bearing mother branches is guaranteed, the fruit quality is guaranteed, as shown in figure 4b, and finally three rows of fruit ears are formed on the outer wall of the wine glass, as shown in figure 4 c.
The method is suitable for cultivating the vineyard in the southern area with high temperature, rain and disease, great control difficulty, no soil burying and cold prevention, and rural tourism development mode or fresh-eating vineyard development intention. The grape variety with stronger tree vigor is preferably selected during cultivation, such as: grape varieties such as Kyoho, summer black, golden-twig thorn grape and the like. The grape tree shape is a wine cup shape, so that the grape tree shape has a certain ornamental value, the proper height is convenient for managers to carry out operations such as pruning and the like, and the fruiting part is convenient for picking, so that the grape tree shape is suitable for tourists on sightseeing to eat and appreciate.
The grape treelike fruit is positioned outside the leaf curtain layer, so that the light intensity and time are increased, the accumulation of anthocyanin and sugar is facilitated, the quality and the sensory quality of grapes are improved, and the visual aesthetic feeling of the tree is also improved. Meanwhile, the nutritional branches are left, and the branches and leaves of the nutritional branches play a certain role in shading fruits, so that physiological diseases such as sunburn and the like of the fruits are avoided.
The main vines and the leaf curtain layers are higher in distance from the ground, smaller in humidity and good in ventilation, and the problems that plants suffer from fungal diseases and insect pests to cause rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like due to humid and rainy climate in the south are effectively solved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a support is planted to wineglass type grape view which characterized in that: comprises a red wine cup type structure consisting of a lower main body framework (1), an upper main body framework (2) and a tip binding iron wire ring (3);
the lower main body framework (1) is a vertical support to form a wine glass 'cup stem';
the upper main body framework (2) comprises three groups of supports formed by connecting vertical parts (4) and arc parts (5), the bottoms of the 3 arc parts are intersected and fixedly connected with the top of the lower main body framework (1), and the 3 vertical parts (4) are parallel, annularly and uniformly distributed and numerically arranged;
the binding tip iron wire rings (3) are provided with a plurality of binding tip iron wire rings, and are uniformly distributed and horizontally wound on the upper main body framework (2).
2. The wine glass type grape landscaping planting support of claim 1, wherein: the height of the lower main body framework (1) is 0.8-1 m.
3. The wine glass type grape landscaping planting support of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the height of the upper main body framework (2) is 1 meter, wherein the height of the vertical part (4) is 0.7 meter, the height of the arc line part (5) is 0.3 meter, the maximum diameter is 0.8 meter, and the included angle between the adjacent arc line parts (5) is 120 degrees.
4. The grapevine planting method of the wineglass type vintage landscape planting support frame according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the first year
Planting distance is 1.8-2 m, and row distance is 2.5 m;
after growing to more than 30cm, the plant-planted seedlings are bound with the pillars to enable the plant-planted seedlings to grow vertically along the lower main body framework, in the growing process, terminal buds are left, most of buds on the trunk are erased, leaves meeting the photosynthesis required by plant growth are left, and buds near the terminal buds are left to develop into new tips when the trunk grows to 60-70 cm;
(2) two to many years old
Starting in spring of the next year, selecting three annual branches with good development near the top of a trunk, respectively binding the annual branches to three supports of an upper main body framework (2), enabling the annual branches to develop into main vines along the direction of the supports, pinching after the annual branches continuously grow to the same height as the upper main body framework (2), enabling the annual branches to stop growing, enabling the main vines to form, trimming the main vines in the process, leaving two adjacent buds at intervals of 15-20 cm on the main vines, leaving leaves meeting photosynthesis required by plant growth, enabling one of the two buds to develop into a fruiting mother branch, enabling the other buds to develop into nutrition branches, respectively winding the nutrition branches on two adjacent binding tip iron wire rings (3), and properly trimming long tips according to the density degree of the branches and leaves; when the height of the lower trunk reaches 0.8-1 m, pinching is carried out, and the upper growth of the trunk is stopped;
(3) post management
When the bearing mother branches are pruned in winter, the bearing mother branches and the nutrition branches in the last year are pruned to be short tips, so that the nutrition branches become bearing mother branches in the second year, the bearing mother branches are alternately updated to ensure the vitality of the bearing mother branches and the fruit quality, and finally three rows of fruit ears are formed on the outer walls of the red wine cups.
5. The grapevine planting method of the wineglass type vintage landscape planting support frame according to claim 4, wherein the grapevine planting method comprises the following steps: and (4) pruning short tips in the step (3) to leave 2-3 winter buds for winter pruning.
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