CN215530426U

CN215530426U - Star-point type landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure

Info

Publication number: CN215530426U
Application number: CN202122061829.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙翔宇; 郝若洁; 江理广; 姬文轩
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2021-08-30
Filing date: 2021-08-30
Publication date: 2022-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-30

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a star point type landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure. The tree shape is novel and artistic, and is extremely rich in ornamental value; the fruit is ventilated and transparent, so that diseases can be reduced, and the coloring and sensory quality of the fruit can be improved; the height of the fruiting part is moderate, the picking is convenient, and the sightseeing commercial value is increased; is suitable for being planted and popularized in regions which are not buried in soil and have cold-proof and developed tourism culture industry. The technical scheme adopted by the utility model comprises a main stem, a star shoot type main vine vertical to the main stem and a young sprout culture mode; the maximum surface of the top end is 3-3.2 m; the pruning mode is that long and short tips are alternately updated and pruned, the length of the last 5 fruiting mother branches is 1.5-1.6m, the included angle of each fruiting mother branch is 72 degrees, and 5 steel wires are arranged for facility cultivation.

Description

Star-point type landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure

The technical field is as follows:

the utility model relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a star-point landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure and a planting method thereof.

Secondly, background art:

grapes are one of the 4 big fruit trees in the world, and the yield in 2017 is second only to bananas and apples, and is ranked in the third place by 7428 ten thousand tons (FAO data). The grape fruits are juicy and delicious, have the effects of promoting digestion, resisting aging, softening blood vessels and the like, and are popular with consumers in the world. Meanwhile, due to the special strong processing property of the grapes, the influence on the life of people is far beyond that of other fruits.

Agricultural tourism is a unique industrial mode which organically combines the tourism industry and the local agricultural industry by fully utilizing resources such as agricultural production areas, products, production processes and the like, so that tourists can enjoy local elegant natural scenery and garden landscape in the tourism process and can understand local characteristic industries more deeply through local history, culture and custom explanation and parent experience in the production process. Grape production has spread across the country, speeding up the transition from the quantity to quality mode of the grape industry.

In south China, grapes are usually in rainy days, serious in diseases and high in production cost, and production of the grapes is always restricted. Southern cultivars such as Kyoho are severely affected by anthracnose, gray mold and downy mildew. By adopting the high-dry type frame, the frame surface is lifted to 2.2m away from the ground, so that the occurrence of diseases can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the fruiting branches naturally droop, so that pruning and trimming are convenient, the tree vigor can be effectively controlled, flower and fruit dropping caused by vigorous growth of the tree vigor is reduced, and the cultivation characteristics of the variety are met. And the technology is simple and easy to operate, and is easier to master than trimming of a shed frame. The traditional tree form is in a multi-main-vine sector shape and a vertical trunk shape, and the top advantage is strong along with the increase of the tree age, so that the upper part is strong and the lower part is weak; the growth vigor of the subsidiary tips is vigorous, the management is frequent, and the workload is large; the fruiting parts are not concentrated, the mature periods are inconsistent, the management is inconvenient for the upper part and the lower part of the tree, and the premature senility phenomenon is serious. The problems of insufficient grape cultivation technology and production experience in southern areas of China and the like are still needed to be solved. In addition, the unique and beautiful grape tree shape can attract foreign tourists and promote the development of the grape tourism industry in China. However, the grape tree form suitable for sightseeing in China is developed less at present, and most wine tourism places are only provided with simple and easy 'shed frame' type sightseeing corridors. The lack of sufficient sightseeing tree forms becomes a great factor limiting the development of the grape tourism industry in China.

The grapes are sprawly and can be shaped randomly. The tree shape is often different depending on the shape of the support in cultivation, and therefore, the shaping thereof can be classified into trellis shaping, height, width, drape shaping and no-support shaping depending on the form of the support. According to the biological characteristics of the variety, different shaping methods are adopted for shaping, and the characteristics of the variety are utilized and exerted as much as possible so as to achieve the purposes of high yield, stable yield and high quality. For example, the most vigorous variety is shaped by trellis, while the less vigorous variety is shaped by trellis. In addition, a reasonable shaping mode is determined according to climate, soil, cultivation density, fertilizer and water management conditions and the like. The shaping can not only adjust the contradiction between the reproductive growth and the vegetative growth of plants, but also help the coordination and balance relationship between the root system and the crown of the underground part, and simultaneously, can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the frame surface and improve the photosynthesis effect of the leaves. The shaping can control the vigorous growth of plants, early fruiting, premature senility prevention, rejuvenation and updating, fruiting life extension, reasonable loading capacity, fruit quality improvement and the like. At present, the grape tree forms applied in production are mainly in a shed frame shape and a hedge frame shape, the shed frame type has two types of hedge frame lack of permeability, diseases are relatively difficult to control, and management workload is large; the management of the shelves is troublesome, especially for short shelves or low inclined parts; the disease may be aggravated by shading the shed.

Thirdly, the contents of the utility model:

in order to overcome the defects in the background art, the utility model provides a star point type landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a tree form planting structure of star point type view grape which characterized in that: comprises a lower main body part, an upper main body part and a vine-binding iron wire;

the lower main body part is composed of a thick main rod;

the upper main body part consists of five rods, one ends of which are connected and arranged on the same plane and the included angles of which are 72 degrees and the lengths of which are consistent;

the lower main body part is vertical to the upper main body part, the vine binding iron wires are five and are arranged on the same plane, the middle part of each vine binding iron wire is arranged at the other end of each five rod respectively, 2 iron wires on two sides are symmetrical pairwise by taking the middle steel wire as a symmetrical shaft respectively, and two ends of the five vine binding iron wires are fixedly arranged on two symmetrical T-shaped supports respectively.

Furthermore, the lengths of the five rods are 1.5-1.6m respectively.

Further, the height of the lower main body part is 2.2-2.3 m.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and effects:

1. the 'star-point type' grape planting structure is vertically and uniformly distributed at the fruiting part of the tree, is convenient to manage and has high ornamental value;

2. the strong trunk skeleton of the structure of the utility model is a pillar, which has a supporting function on the grape vine body, the grape leaf curtain naturally hangs down, the management cost is saved, the grape leaf curtain is uniformly distributed, all angles can receive light, the ventilation condition is excellent, the grape fruit nutrient supply is increased while the grape vine body development, the tree vigor is stabilized and the berries are colored, the light energy utilization rate can be improved, the fruit commodity quality is improved, and the grape fruit nutrient supply is more suitable for eating; reducing fruit diseases and rot;

5. the utility model provides a tree which has novel shape, is suitable for viewing, is simple and convenient to operate, is convenient to manage, has a star-shaped integral shape, is uniformly distributed in fruiting parts, is strong in tree vigor and is attractive.

Fourthly, explanation of the attached drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows the situation of the bound wires and the stent in the "asterisk dot type" tree form culture;

FIG. 3a shows the growth of the planted seedlings bound to the support pillars;

FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram showing the growth of three main climbers in the second year in the star-dotted pattern;

FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram showing the growth of three main climbers in a third year of a star-dotted pattern;

FIG. 3d is a schematic diagram showing the growth of five vegetative shoots in star-dotted form;

fig. 4 is a final schematic of the utility model.

The fifth embodiment is as follows:

in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.

The embodiment provides a star-point type landscape grape tree-shaped planting structure, which comprises a lower main body part 1, an upper main body part 2 and vine-binding iron wires 3;

the lower main body part 1 consists of a thick main rod;

the upper main body part 2 consists of five rods, one ends of which are connected and arranged on the same plane and the included angles of which are 72 degrees and the lengths of which are consistent;

the lower main body part 1 is vertical to the upper main body part 2, the vine binding iron wires 3 are five and are arranged on the same plane, the middle part of each vine binding iron wire 3 is arranged at the other end of each five rod, the 2 iron wires on the two sides are respectively symmetrical pairwise by taking the middle steel wire as a symmetry axis, and the distance between the two iron wires and the middle steel wire is 1 meter and 1.5 meters respectively. Two ends of the five vine binding iron wires 3 are respectively and fixedly arranged on two symmetrical T-shaped supports 4.

The length of each of the five rods is 1.5-1.6 m.

The height of the lower main body part is 2.2-2.3 m, and the new shoots naturally hang down to grow, so that the height of the main vines above the ground is increased while tourists pick the young shoots conveniently.

The new shoots of the structure naturally hang down to grow to 80-90cm and then are subjected to pinching.

The height of the 5 vine-binding iron wires 3 is 2.4m, and a T-shaped bracket 4 (shown in figure 2) with the length of 3-3.2m for fixing the five steel wires is arranged at the height of 2.2 m.

A method for planting a star-point landscape grape tree form comprises the following steps:

the first year

Planting distance is 3-3.2m, and row distance is 4 m;

the method comprises the following steps of binding a fixed-plant seedling with a wood pile or a bamboo stick when the fixed-plant seedling grows to be more than 30cm (as shown in figure 3a), enabling the fixed-plant seedling to grow vertically along a lower main body framework, leaving terminal buds in the growing process, erasing most buds on a trunk, leaving leaves meeting the photosynthesis required by plant growth, and leaving buds near the terminal buds to develop into new shoots when the trunk grows to be 1.9-2.0 m;

in the second year:

starting in spring of the next year, selecting three annual branches with good development near the top of a trunk to develop into main vines, wherein one main vine is bound to the middle steel wire to enable the main vine to freely grow to 1.5-1.6m, and then pinching is carried out to enable the main vine to stop growing; the other two vines are symmetrically distributed with the middle main vine, the included angle of the two vines is 144 degrees, the two vines are respectively bound with the two symmetrical steel wires which are 1.0 meter away from the middle steel wire, when the two vines grow to a certain degree, the two vines are bound to the third steel wire, and then pinching treatment is carried out to stop the growth of the steel wires (as shown in figure 3 b).

Three to many years

Two-year-old branches which grow better on the three main vines and are closer to the trunk are selected to be developed into the main vines, the main vines are symmetrically distributed with the middle steel wire in the opposite direction of the three main vines, the included angle between the two vines is 72 degrees, binding is carried out after the two vines grow to the steel wire 1.0 meter away from the middle steel wire, and pinching processing is carried out, so that five main vines are cultured (as shown in figure 3 c). Next, the young shoot at the end of each main vine is cultured into a vegetative branch, and the vegetative branch is bound to the end of the next main vine in a clockwise direction to form a pentagon (see fig. 3 d). In the process, the main vines are trimmed, two adjacent buds are reserved on each main vine at intervals of 15-20 cm, leaves enough meeting photosynthesis required by plant growth are reserved, one of the two buds grows into a fruiting branch, the fruiting branch naturally hangs down to grow, and pinching is carried out when the fruiting branch grows to be 80-90cm long; and performing short-tip trimming as a replacement branch, and pinching when the trunk height reaches 2.2-2.3 m to stop the trunk height.

Post management

When the bearing mother branches are pruned in winter, the long bearing branches and the nutrition branches in the last year are pruned to be short tips, so that the nutrition branches become bearing mother branches in the second year and are alternately updated, the vitality of the bearing mother branches is guaranteed, and the fruit quality is guaranteed. The ears on the bearing branches naturally hang down to present a star-point shape (as shown in figure 4).

The leaf curtain layer of the grape tree is convenient to manage, labor force and cost are saved, the fruits are located outside the leaf curtain layer, the light receiving area is large, all angles can receive light, coloring and sugar accumulation are facilitated, the quality of the grapes can be improved, meanwhile, the fruits are in star dot shapes, and the grape tree has great ornamental value. Meanwhile, the nutritional branches are left, and the branches and leaves of the nutritional branches play a certain role in shading fruits, so that physiological diseases such as sunburn and the like of the fruits are avoided.

The main vine and leaf curtain layer of the utility model have high ground distance, small humidity and excellent ventilation condition, and effectively avoid plant diseases and insect pests caused by humidity.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a tree form planting structure of star point type view grape which characterized in that: comprises a lower main body part (1), an upper main body part (2) and a vine-binding iron wire (3);

the lower main body part (1) is composed of a thick main rod;

the upper main body part (2) consists of five rods, one ends of which are connected and arranged on the same plane and the included angles of which are 72 degrees and the lengths of which are consistent;

the lower main body part (1) is vertical to the upper main body part (2), the vine binding iron wires (3) are five and are arranged on the same plane, the middle part of each vine binding iron wire (3) is arranged at the other end of each five rod, 2 iron wires on two sides are pairwise symmetrical by taking the middle steel wire as a symmetrical shaft, and two ends of the five vine binding iron wires (3) are fixedly arranged on two symmetrical T-shaped supports (4) respectively.

2. The tree planting structure of the asteroid type landscape grapes of claim 1, wherein: the length of each of the five rods is 1.5-1.6 m.

3. The tree-shaped planting structure of the landscape grapes in the star point type according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the height of the lower main body part is 2.2-2.3 m.