CN112075280A - Fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape - Google Patents
Fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape, which belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and mainly comprises the cultivation steps of preparing a garden, ploughing the garden, preparing a planting groove and paving planting soil; preparing a support structure, namely installing a persimmon tree support and a mulberry support in a garden; planting seedlings, namely selecting healthy persimmon seedlings and mulberry seedlings and planting the persimmon seedlings and the mulberry seedlings in spring; and (4) reshaping and trimming persimmon trees and mulberry trees. The mulberry field-view cultivation method combines the growth habits and appearance characteristics of the mulberries and the persimmon trees, combines the field conditions of the orchard, combines the traditional orchard planting with sightseeing, provides a very comfortable and beautiful picking environment for tourists, has long picking sightseeing time, and creates a new cultivation mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape.
Background
At present, the domestic plant cultivation industry refers to the agricultural production department for cultivating various crops and obtaining plant products, the planting industry is one of the main components of agriculture, the social production department mainly utilizes the living functions of plants to obtain grains, non-staple food, feed and industrial raw materials through artificial cultivation, and the plant cultivation industry specifically comprises the cultivation of various crops, woods, fruit trees, medicinal plants, ornamental plants and the like. Among them, the planting of fruit trees has become a key industry of agricultural planting.
The fruit trees are cultivated in various types, such as mulberries, also called mulberries, jujubes, mulberries and the like, are mature fruit clusters of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) of Moraceae, are mostly red-purple or black oval flowers and fruits, are about 1-2.5 cm long, have thick and honey juice, are sweet, sour and fragrant, and are rich in nutritional ingredients. The scientific identification shows that fresh fruits contain a large amount of free acid and 16 amino acids, and also contain mineral substances and trace elements such as zinc, iron, calcium, manganese and the like which are lacked by human bodies, carotene, fructose, glucose, succinic acid pectin, cellulose and the like, so that the fresh fruits are regarded as third-generation fruits together with sea-buckthorn, raspberry and the like, are listed as one of medicinal and edible agricultural products which are both food and medicines by the national ministry of health, the height of the mulberry is generally 2-15 m, the length of a leaf stalk is about 1.0-2.5 cm, and the leaves are in a wide oval shape or an oval shape. The mulberry is a male and female heterostrain, the flower of the mulberry is parthenocarpic, the mulberry fruit is a stone fruit, the mulberry fruit is a flower and fruit which are gathered, the fruit is dense, and the mulberry fruit is in an oblong shape or an oval shape. The mulberry is green when being primarily ripe, the length of the mulberry is about 1.0-2.5 cm, and the mulberry is red or black-purple after being ripe. The mulberry is widely distributed in south and north China, the flowering phase in south China is 1-3 months, the flowering phase in north China is 3-5 months, the fruit phase in south China is 3-4 months, and the fruit phase in north China is 5-6 months, and most mulberry grows in warm and humid climate.
For another example, persimmon is rich in nutrition and is known as "holy fruit", in mature fresh fruits, every 100g of fruit pulp contains 0.16mg of vitamin A, 16mg of vitamin C, 9mg of calcium, 20mg of phosphorus and 0.2mg of iron, wherein carotene occupies most of vitamin A, and persimmon is rich in pectin, is water-soluble dietary fiber, can correct constipation, regulates the composition of intestinal flora, and has good effect of relaxing bowel. The persimmon culture source in China is far and popular. From ancient times to present, no matter the emperor looks, the civilians and the common people all regard the persimmons as good and lucky symbols, the harmony expresses the meanings of 'all the things as good as one' and a plurality of poetry works and drawing works of singing persimmons are stored at present. With the development of socioeconomic, the persimmon culture is more and more closely combined with the economic and social lives. The production of persimmon and the tourism of persimmon culture have become an independent industry in many persimmon producing areas, and persimmon culture sections and persimmon culture publicity are held in various places to further expand the persimmon industry. "lutian sweet persimmon festival", zhejiang Tiantai "red cinnabar cultural festival", zhejiang yongkang cultural festival ", shanxi fuping" persimmon cultural festival "of Zhejiang Yongkang", in autumn and winter persimmon fruit is brilliant, the folk festival activities mainly including "persimmon as medium and singing opera" are held every year, the persimmon fruit is picked and the current popular ecological tourism, sightseeing leisure tourism, farmhouse happiness and the like are combined, and tourism products with persimmon culture and theme are also provided in many persimmon producing areas, such as dried persimmon, persimmon juice, persimmon sauce, persimmon sugar, persimmon wine, persimmon vinegar, persimmon paste, persimmon leaf tea and the like; the unique sweet persimmon origin Hubei Luo Tian county in China also establishes a museum of sweet persimmon culture, which integrates modern interest in popularization of persimmon culture.
Because fruit tree planting competition is large, traditional farmers are difficult to obtain good effects in field cultivation, fruit price is usually low and sales are difficult, if traditional fruit tree planting is combined with tourism industry, the mode breaks through the impatience, for example, a key technical method for grape cultivation management combining ground cultivation and potted plant disclosed in the patent No. CN104145777B is characterized in that according to the characteristics of easy germination, easy culture, easy rooting and good toughness of grape branches, the base branches of the ground cultivation grapes are cultured into main branches, tendrils and prepared branches according to different production purposes, and the branches are artificially controlled to be led to different growth environments of a single trellis and a flowerpot, so that the organic combination of the ground cultivation grapes and the potted grape is realized, and the method has the advantages of mother-child combination, reasonable frame type, ordered growth, balanced tree vigor, nutrition foundation, broken branch separation, and low cost, Continuous production and the like. The method realizes the positive effects of increasing income of fruit growers, developing sightseeing agriculture and resolving homogenization competition risk. Still alternatively, an ecological cultivation mode for leisure and sightseeing of a mountain persimmon orchard disclosed in patent No. CN108617386B includes the following steps: (1) daylily planting methods in different terrains and garden building modes; (2) different varieties are selected and matched, and the picking and viewing period of the day lily is prolonged; (3) under the mode of persimmon trees and daylily, the tree bodies of the persimmon trees are regulated and controlled; (4) a main node of a mountain persimmon garden tourist landscape; (5) the disease and pest can be comprehensively controlled under the persimmon tree and the daylily compound system. The invention provides an ecological cultivation mode for leisure sightseeing of a mountain persimmon orchard, annual surface runoff is reduced by 67.81% compared with a contrast, annual soil erosion amount is reduced by 84.45%, the soil of the persimmon orchard is effectively improved to be located in an ecological environment, the quality of persimmon is improved, and in a complete growth cycle, the leisure sightseeing time of a mixed planting method day lily and persimmon tree fruit-leaf planting mode is prolonged to 210 days from 70 days for simply planting persimmon trees; the average flowering phase of the single variety is prolonged from 55 days to 160 days.
However, how to combine the persimmon tree with the mulberry tree for orchard fruit tree planting and sightseeing tour is not disclosed in the prior art, and a problem to be solved is needed for fruit growers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape to avoid the defects in the prior art, mulberry trees and persimmon trees are combined for planting, and the characteristics and the appearance of the mulberry trees and the persimmon trees are combined to obtain rich and beautiful appearance and fruits, so that the fruit tree planting and the tourism and sightseeing are combined into a whole, and a new operation mode is provided for fruit growers.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a garden, plowing the garden, plowing a plurality of planting grooves in the garden in parallel, compacting soil between two adjacent planting grooves to serve as a walkway, paving planting soil in the planting grooves, sequentially paving a water storage pottery clay layer, a fine sand layer, a coarse sand layer and a soft soil layer from bottom to top, and fertilizing;
s2: preparing a supporting structure, namely installing a persimmon tree support and a mulberry tree support in a garden, wherein the persimmon tree support comprises a main frame body and a supporting rod, the main frame body comprises a main rod and two side rods, the two side rods are arranged on two sides of the top surface of the main rod, the main frame body is Y-shaped, a plurality of main frame bodies are uniformly and parallelly arranged in the middle of planting grooves, a supporting rod is arranged between two adjacent main frame bodies between two adjacent planting grooves, and the supporting rod is connected with the two side rods and is positioned in the middle of a walkway; the mulberry tree support is arched, a plurality of mulberry tree supports are arranged on two adjacent planting grooves in parallel and uniformly, and the arc top of the mulberry tree support corresponds to the middle of the walkway; the mulberry tree support and the persimmon tree support are arranged in a staggered manner;
s3: planting seedlings, namely selecting healthy persimmon seedlings and mulberry seedlings, planting the persimmon seedlings and the mulberry seedlings in spring, planting the persimmon seedlings on the soft soil layer of the planting groove, enabling the persimmon seedlings to be close to the main rod of the main frame body, planting the mulberry seedlings on the soft soil layer of the planting groove, and enabling the mulberry seedlings to be located between two mulberry supports;
s4: reshaping and pruning persimmon trees, (1) stem fixing and early management: after the trunk is planted, the trunk is fixed, after the trunk is grown to the height of 50-55 cm, only two opposite main branches on the trunk are left and controlled to be at a good angle from spring to autumn, the two main branches are extended along with the side rods, and buds below 50cm are erased at any time; (2) trimming in the first year after planting: competitive shoots are controlled by tip twisting or center re-pinching, when new shoots grow to 30cm, branches are switched at the base part, the vegetative growth of the tree body is controlled, the direction and the number of bearing branches are well reserved, when the trees are cut in winter, the trees which do not reach the width, side branches within 40 cm of the tip top are thinned out to promote the length and the width of the tree body, 30-35 bearing branches are reserved when the height and the width are reached, overlapped branches and over dense branches are thinned out, and a restraining branch is cultured at two sides of the main rod below 50cm respectively to control the vegetative growth of the tree body; (3) trimming the plants in the next year: removing tender shoots and new shoots from the ground below the restraining branches in 9 months, removing lateral branches on the two main branches within 15 distance from the main branch, then keeping all new shoots which newly grow, mainly adjusting tree body structures during pruning in winter, removing overlarge competitive branches and overlarge branches, ensuring that the two main branches grow and extend along the lateral branches, and pruning branches which droop upwards and vertically exceed the lateral branches and are more than 30 cm;
secondly, shaping and pruning the mulberry, (1) fixing the trunk and performing early management: after the main branches grow to 30-35 cm, only two opposite main branches on the main branches are left and controlled at a good angle from spring to summer, the two main branches respectively grow along with the two mulberry supports on the left side and the right side, and buds below 30cm are erased at any time; (2) trimming in the first year after planting: and (3) erasing the side branches of the trunk with the length of more than 30cm from summer, only keeping two main branches, observing the trend of the main branches, ensuring that the main branches grow along the mulberry tree support, and trimming the branches with the vertical distance exceeding 30cm drooping on the main branches. .
The width of the planting groove is 3-3.5m, the distance between two planting grooves is 1-1.5m, and the depth of the planting groove is 0.45-0.85 m.
The height of the water storage pottery layer is 15-25cm, the height of the fine sand layer is 5-10cm, the height of the coarse sand layer is 5-10cm, and the height of the soft soil layer is 50-70 cm.
The height of the main frame body is 2.5-3m, the height of the main rod is 1-2m, the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the side rods is 1-1.5m, and the height of the support rods is 2.5-3 m.
Herein, the arc top height of the mulberry support is 2-2.5m, a plurality of climbing rods are transversely and parallelly arranged on the mulberry support, the length of each climbing rod is 20cm, and the vertical distance between two adjacent climbing rods is 25 cm.
Herein, the distance between two adjacent mulberry supports and persimmon tree supports in the same planting groove is 1-1.5 m.
The grain size of the fine sand in the fine sand layer is 0.25mm-0.4mm, and the grain size of the coarse sand in the coarse sand layer is 0.8mm-1.2 cm.
Here, a greenhouse is arranged on the garden.
The invention has the advantages of
1. The invention creates the combined cultivation method of the persimmon trees and the mulberry trees in the orchard, combines the characteristics of the height, flowering period, fruit maturity period and colors of flowers and fruits of the persimmon trees and the mulberry trees, obtains beautiful scenery and high-quality fruit quality in the orchard, greatly improves the attraction to consumers, provides beautiful scenery while picking the fruits, has the effects of picking and sightseeing, provides good income for fruit growers, improves the income of the fruit growers, and has rich ecological systems, beautiful scenery, various colors and longer sightseeing time in the orchard.
2. According to the persimmon or mulberry fruit picking machine, persimmon trees and mulberry trees grow at a certain angle and direction through the supporting structure and the trimming method, branches of fruit trees droop from the upper side of the walkway by combining the arrangement of the planting grooves and the walkway to form a sightseeing channel, and visitors can pick required persimmon or mulberry fruits by stretching hands, so that the persimmon or mulberry fruits can enjoy the comfort of traveling and sightseeing, feel the scenery from the field, enjoy the picking process of the fruits, and experience the delicacy of the persimmon and mulberry fruits.
3. The special planting soil has a good water retention effect, reduces the occurrence of waterlogging, improves the effect of fertilizer entering soil, improves the growth and development effect of fruit trees, and improves the quality of fruits.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seedling planting arrangement of the method of the present invention for fruit tree cultivation in an orchard landscape;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of persimmon tree holders and mulberry tree holders suitable for the fruit tree cultivation method of the orchard landscape;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of persimmon tree and mulberry tree stands suitable for the fruit tree cultivation method of the orchard landscape according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the persimmon tree support of the fruit cultivation method for orchard landscape according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a mulberry tree holder suitable for use in the method of fruit cultivation in an orchard landscape according to the invention;
fig. 6 is a side view schematic diagram of a mulberry tree holder suitable for use in the method of fruit cultivation in an orchard landscape according to the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of planting soil of a mulberry tree support suitable for the fruit tree cultivation method of the orchard landscape.
Description of reference numerals: 100-persimmon tree; 200-mulberry; 300-planting groove, 310 walkway; 410-impounded argil layer, 420-fine sand layer, 430-coarse sand layer and 440-soft soil layer; 500-persimmon tree support, 510-main frame body, 511-main rod, 512-side rod and 520-support rod; 600-mulberry tree support, 610-climbing pole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below in connection with the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive efforts shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting and/or limiting of the invention. It will be understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "has," "having," and the like, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, or groups thereof.
Example 1
The fruit tree cultivation method suitable for the orchard landscape mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a garden, arranging a greenhouse on the garden, ploughing the garden to plough a plurality of planting grooves 300 in the garden in parallel, compacting soil between two adjacent planting grooves 300 to form a walkway 310, paving planting soil in the planting grooves 300, sequentially paving a water storage argil layer 410, a fine sand layer 420, a coarse sand layer 430 and a soft soil layer 440 from bottom to top, and fertilizing, wherein the width of each planting groove 300 is 3m, the distance between two adjacent planting grooves 300 is 1m, the depth of each planting groove 300 is 0.45m, the height of each water storage argil layer 410 is 15cm, the height of each fine sand layer 420 is 5cm, the particle size of fine sand in each fine sand layer is 0.25mm-0.4mm, the height of each coarse sand layer 430 is 5cm, the particle size of coarse sand in each coarse sand layer 430 is 0.8mm-1.2cm, and the height of the soft soil layer 440 is 50 cm.
Then, preparing a supporting structure, installing a persimmon tree support 500 and a mulberry tree support 600 in a garden, wherein the persimmon tree support 500 comprises a main frame body 510 and a supporting rod 520, the main frame body 510 comprises a main rod 511 and two side rods 512, the two side rods 512 are arranged on two sides of the top surface of the main rod 511, the main frame body 510 is Y-shaped, a plurality of main frame bodies 510 are uniformly and parallelly arranged in the middle of the planting grooves 300, the supporting rod 520 is arranged between two adjacent main frame bodies 510 between two adjacent planting grooves 300, and the supporting rod 520 is connected with the two side rods 512 and is positioned in the middle of the walkway 310; the mulberry support 600 is arched, a plurality of mulberry supports 600 are arranged on two adjacent planting grooves 300 in parallel and uniformly, and the arc top of each mulberry support 600 corresponds to the middle of the walkway 310; the mulberry tree support 600 and the persimmon tree support 500 are arranged in a staggered manner. The height of the main frame body 510 is 2.5m, the height of mobile jib 511 is 1m, the top of side lever 512 is 1m to the vertical distance of bottom, the height of bracing piece 520 is 2.5m, and the arc top height of mulberry support 600 is 2m, horizontal and parallel 9 pole 610 that climbs that are provided with altogether on the mulberry support 600, the length of climbing pole 610 is 20cm, and vertical distance between two adjacent climbing poles 610 is 25cm from top to bottom, and the pole welding of climbing is at mulberry support 600 arc top, and the left and right sides is respectively four welding in mulberry support 600 both sides, makes things convenient for the branch of mulberry to climb to lure its direction and the radian growth along mulberry support 600.
Secondly be the planting of seedling, select healthy persimmon sapling and mulberry seedling, plant in the spring, plant the persimmon sapling on the soft soil layer 440 who plants groove 300, and make persimmon sapling be close to the mobile jib 511 of main frame body 510, plant the mulberry seedling on the soft soil layer 440 who plants groove 300, and make the mulberry seedling be located between two mulberry supports 600, and set up two adjacent in same planting groove 300 distance between mulberry support 600 and the persimmon support 500 is 1 m.
Finally, the method comprises the following steps: reshaping and pruning persimmon trees, (1) stem fixing and early management: after the trunk is planted, the trunk is fixed, after the trunk grows to the height of 50-55 cm, only two opposite main branches on the trunk are reserved from spring to autumn, the angle is controlled, the main branches are lengthened along with the side rods 512, and buds below 50cm are erased at any time; (2) trimming in the first year after planting: competitive shoots are controlled by tip twisting or center re-pinching, when new shoots grow to 30cm, branches are switched at the base part, the vegetative growth of the tree body is controlled, the direction and the number of bearing branches are well reserved, when the trees are cut in winter, the trees which do not reach the width, side branches within 40 cm of the tip top are thinned out to promote the length and the width of the tree body, 30-35 bearing branches are reserved when the height and the width are reached, overlapped branches and over dense branches are thinned out, and a restraining branch is cultured at two sides of the main rod below 50cm respectively to control the vegetative growth of the tree body; (3) trimming the plants in the next year: erasing tender shoots and new shoots below the restraining branches and reaching the ground, erasing side branches of the two main branches within 15 distance from the main rod 511 in 9 months, then reserving all new shoots which newly grow, mainly adjusting tree structures during pruning in winter, thinning out overlarge competitive branches and overlarge branches, ensuring that the two main branches grow and extend along the side rods 512, and pruning branches which droop on the main branches and exceed the side rods 512 and have vertical distance of more than 30 cm; secondly, shaping and pruning the mulberry, (1) fixing the trunk and performing early management: after the main branches grow to 30-35 cm, only two opposite main branches on the main branches are left and controlled at a good angle from spring to summer, the two main branches respectively grow along with the two mulberry supports 600 on the left side and the right side, and buds below 30cm are erased at any time; (2) trimming in the first year after planting: and (3) erasing the side branches of the trunk with the length of more than 30cm from summer, only keeping two main branches, observing the trend of the main branches, ensuring that the main branches grow along the mulberry tree support 600, and trimming branches with the vertical distance exceeding 30cm and drooping on the main branches. And then, maintaining the mulberry and the persimmon tree to grow along the mulberry support and the persimmon tree support according to the pruning method.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
firstly, preparing a garden, arranging a greenhouse on the garden, ploughing the garden to plough a plurality of planting grooves 300 in the garden in parallel, compacting soil between two adjacent planting grooves 300 to form a walkway 310, paving planting soil in the planting grooves 300, sequentially paving a water storage argil layer 410, a fine sand layer 420, a coarse sand layer 430 and a soft soil layer 440 from bottom to top, and fertilizing, wherein the width of each planting groove 300 is 3.2m, the distance between two planting grooves 300 is 1.2m, the depth of each planting groove 300 is 0.6m, the height of each water storage argil layer 410 is 20cm, the height of each fine sand layer 420 is 7cm, the particle size of fine sand in each fine sand layer is 0.25mm-0.4mm, the height of each coarse sand layer 430 is 8cm, the particle size of coarse sand in each coarse sand layer 430 is 0.8mm-1.2cm, and the height of the soft soil layer 440 is 60 cm. Then, preparing a supporting structure, installing a persimmon tree support 500 and a mulberry tree support 600 in a garden, wherein the persimmon tree support 500 comprises a main frame body 510 and a supporting rod 520, the main frame body 510 comprises a main rod 511 and two side rods 512, the two side rods 512 are arranged on two sides of the top surface of the main rod 511, the main frame body 510 is Y-shaped, a plurality of main frame bodies 510 are uniformly and parallelly arranged in the middle of the planting grooves 300, the supporting rod 520 is arranged between two adjacent main frame bodies 510 between two adjacent planting grooves 300, and the supporting rod 520 is connected with the two side rods 512 and is positioned in the middle of the walkway 310; the mulberry support 600 is arched, a plurality of mulberry supports 600 are arranged on two adjacent planting grooves 300 in parallel and uniformly, and the arc top of each mulberry support 600 corresponds to the middle of the walkway 310; the mulberry tree support 600 and the persimmon tree support 500 are arranged in a staggered manner. The height of the main frame body 510 is 2.7m, the height of mobile jib 511 is 1.5m, the top of side lever 512 is 1.2m to the vertical distance of bottom, the height of bracing piece 520 is 2.8m, and the arc top height of mulberry support 600 is at 2.2m, horizontal and parallel 9 pole 610 that climbs that are provided with on the mulberry support 600 altogether, the length of climbing pole 610 is 20cm, and vertical distance between two adjacent climbing poles 610 is 25cm from top to bottom, and a climbing pole welding is at mulberry support 600 arc top, and each four welding of remaining left and right sides are in mulberry support 600 both sides, make things convenient for the branch of mulberry to lure its direction and the radian growth of climbing along mulberry support 600.
Secondly be the planting of seedling, select healthy persimmon sapling and mulberry seedling, plant in the spring, plant the persimmon sapling on the soft soil layer 440 who plants groove 300, and make persimmon sapling be close to the mobile jib 511 of main frame body 510, plant the mulberry seedling on the soft soil layer 440 who plants groove 300, and make the mulberry seedling be located between two mulberry supports 600, and set up two adjacent in same planting groove 300 distance between mulberry support 600 and the persimmon support 500 is 1.2 m.
Example 3
The differences from the examples 1 and 2 are that:
firstly, preparing a garden, arranging a greenhouse on the garden, ploughing the garden to plough a plurality of planting grooves 300 in the garden in parallel, compacting soil between two adjacent planting grooves 300 to form a walkway 310, paving planting soil in the planting grooves 300, sequentially paving a water storage argil layer 410, a fine sand layer 420, a coarse sand layer 430 and a soft soil layer 440 from bottom to top, and fertilizing, wherein the width of each planting groove 300 is 3.5m, the distance between two planting grooves 300 is 1.5m, the depth of each planting groove 300 is 0.85m, the height of each water storage argil layer 410 is 25cm, the height of each fine sand layer 420 is 10cm, the particle size of fine sand in each fine sand layer is 0.25mm-0.4mm, the height of each coarse sand layer 430 is 10cm, the particle size of coarse sand in each coarse sand layer 430 is 0.8mm-1.2cm, and the height of the soft soil layer 440 is 70 cm. Then, preparing a supporting structure, installing a persimmon tree support 500 and a mulberry tree support 600 in a garden, wherein the persimmon tree support 500 comprises a main frame body 510 and a supporting rod 520, the main frame body 510 comprises a main rod 511 and two side rods 512, the two side rods 512 are arranged on two sides of the top surface of the main rod 511, the main frame body 510 is Y-shaped, a plurality of main frame bodies 510 are uniformly and parallelly arranged in the middle of the planting grooves 300, the supporting rod 520 is arranged between two adjacent main frame bodies 510 between two adjacent planting grooves 300, and the supporting rod 520 is connected with the two side rods 512 and is positioned in the middle of the walkway 310; the mulberry support 600 is arched, a plurality of mulberry supports 600 are arranged on two adjacent planting grooves 300 in parallel and uniformly, and the arc top of each mulberry support 600 corresponds to the middle of the walkway 310; the mulberry tree support 600 and the persimmon tree support 500 are arranged in a staggered manner. The height of the main frame body 510 is 3m, the height of mobile jib 511 is 2m, the top of side lever 512 is 1.5m to the vertical distance of bottom, the height of bracing piece 520 is 3m, and the arc top height of mulberry support 600 is at 2.5m, horizontal and parallel 9 pole 610 that climbs that are provided with altogether on the mulberry support 600, the length of climbing pole 610 is 20cm, and vertical distance between two adjacent climbing poles 610 is 25cm from top to bottom, and the pole welding of climbing is at mulberry support 600 arc top, and the left and right sides is respectively four welds in mulberry support 600 both sides, makes things convenient for the branch of mulberry to climb to lure its direction and the radian growth along mulberry support 600.
Secondly be the planting of seedling, select healthy persimmon sapling and mulberry seedling, plant in the spring, plant the persimmon sapling on the soft soil layer 440 who plants groove 300, and make persimmon sapling be close to the mobile jib 511 of main frame body 510, plant the mulberry seedling on the soft soil layer 440 who plants groove 300, and make the mulberry seedling be located between two mulberry supports 600, and set up two adjacent in same planting groove 300 distance between mulberry support 600 and the persimmon support 500 is 1.5 m.
Specifically, one mu of field is divided into three parts, the three parts are used in the embodiments 1-3 respectively, the planting time is three years, and after an observation period of three years, the persimmon trees and the mulberry trees in the embodiments 1-3 are obtained, the fruits are full and have higher sweetness, although the yield of the fruits is reduced compared with that of a common cultivation mode, the quality of the fruits is improved to a certain extent, the appearance is quite beautiful, the fruits bloom from 3-5 months of mulberry trees in spring to 4-6 months of mulberry trees, the persimmon trees bloom at the moment, beautiful flowers and colors are matched with the fruit color of the mulberry fruits, tourists are attracted, the persimmon trees mature in 9-10 months and can be picked, the overall picking and viewing time is longer, and relatively long income can be brought to an orchard.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described, and many modifications may be made to those examples without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features, forms, variants and embodiments of the invention may be associated with one another in various combinations, as long as they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, all the variants and embodiments described above can be combined with one another.
Claims (8)
1. A fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a garden, plowing the garden, plowing a plurality of planting grooves in the garden in parallel, compacting soil between two adjacent planting grooves to serve as a walkway, paving planting soil in the planting grooves, sequentially paving a water storage pottery clay layer, a fine sand layer, a coarse sand layer and a soft soil layer from bottom to top, and fertilizing;
s2: preparing a supporting structure, namely installing a persimmon tree support and a mulberry tree support in a garden, wherein the persimmon tree support comprises a main frame body and a supporting rod, the main frame body comprises a main rod and two side rods, the two side rods are arranged on two sides of the top surface of the main rod, the main frame body is Y-shaped, a plurality of main frame bodies are uniformly and parallelly arranged in the middle of planting grooves, a supporting rod is arranged between two adjacent main frame bodies between two adjacent planting grooves, and the supporting rod is connected with the two side rods and is positioned in the middle of a walkway; the mulberry tree support is arched, a plurality of mulberry tree supports are arranged on two adjacent planting grooves in parallel and uniformly, and the arc top of the mulberry tree support corresponds to the middle of the walkway; the mulberry tree support and the persimmon tree support are arranged in a staggered manner;
s3: planting seedlings, namely selecting healthy persimmon seedlings and mulberry seedlings, planting the persimmon seedlings and the mulberry seedlings in spring, planting the persimmon seedlings on the soft soil layer of the planting groove, enabling the persimmon seedlings to be close to the main rod of the main frame body, planting the mulberry seedlings on the soft soil layer of the planting groove, and enabling the mulberry seedlings to be located between two mulberry supports;
s4: reshaping and pruning persimmon trees, (1) stem fixing and early management: after the trunk is planted, the trunk is fixed, after the trunk is grown to the height of 50-55 cm, only two opposite main branches on the trunk are left and controlled to be at a good angle from spring to autumn, the two main branches are extended along with the side rods, and buds below 50cm are erased at any time; (2) trimming in the first year after planting: competitive shoots are controlled by tip twisting or center re-pinching, when new shoots grow to 30cm, branches are switched at the base part, the vegetative growth of the tree body is controlled, the direction and the number of bearing branches are well reserved, when the trees are cut in winter, the trees which do not reach the width, side branches within 40 cm of the tip top are thinned out to promote the length and the width of the tree body, 30-35 bearing branches are reserved when the height and the width are reached, overlapped branches and over dense branches are thinned out, and a restraining branch is cultured at two sides of the main rod below 50cm respectively to control the vegetative growth of the tree body; (3) trimming the plants in the next year: removing tender shoots and new shoots from the ground below the restraining branches in 9 months, removing lateral branches on the two main branches within 15 distance from the main branch, then keeping all new shoots which newly grow, mainly adjusting tree body structures during pruning in winter, removing overlarge competitive branches and overlarge branches, ensuring that the two main branches grow and extend along the lateral branches, and pruning branches which droop upwards and vertically exceed the lateral branches and are more than 30 cm;
secondly, shaping and pruning the mulberry, (1) fixing the trunk and performing early management: after the main branches grow to 30-35 cm, only two opposite main branches on the main branches are left and controlled at a good angle from spring to summer, the two main branches respectively grow along with the two mulberry supports on the left side and the right side, and buds below 30cm are erased at any time; (2) trimming in the first year after planting: and (3) erasing the side branches of the trunk with the length of more than 30cm from summer, only keeping two main branches, observing the trend of the main branches, ensuring that the main branches grow along the mulberry tree support, and trimming the branches with the vertical distance exceeding 30cm drooping on the main branches.
2. The fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the width of the planting groove is 3-3.5m, the distance between two planting grooves is 1-1.5m, and the depth of the planting groove is 0.45-0.85 m.
3. The fruit cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape according to claim 2, wherein the height of the water storage ceramic soil layer is 15-25cm, the height of the fine sand layer is 5-10cm, the height of the coarse sand layer is 5-10cm, and the height of the soft soil layer is 50-70 cm.
4. The fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the height of the main frame body is 2.5-3m, the height of the main rod is 1-2m, the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the side rods is 1-1.5m, and the height of the support rods is 2.5-3 m.
5. The fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscapes, according to claim 4, is characterized in that the arc top height of the mulberry tree support is 2-2.5m, a plurality of climbing rods are transversely and parallelly arranged on the mulberry tree support, the length of each climbing rod is 20cm, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent climbing rods is 25 cm.
6. The fruit cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape, according to claim 5, wherein the distance between two adjacent mulberry tree supports and persimmon tree supports in the same planting groove is 1-1.5 m.
7. The fruit cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape according to claim 3, wherein the grain size of the fine sand in the fine sand layer is 0.25mm-0.4mm, and the grain size of the coarse sand in the coarse sand layer is 0.8mm-1.2 cm.
8. The fruit cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape according to claim 1, wherein a greenhouse is arranged on the orchard.
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