CN108617386A - A kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism - Google Patents
A kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism Download PDFInfo
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- CN108617386A CN108617386A CN201810444935.7A CN201810444935A CN108617386A CN 108617386 A CN108617386 A CN 108617386A CN 201810444935 A CN201810444935 A CN 201810444935A CN 108617386 A CN108617386 A CN 108617386A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ecological cultivation patterns for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism, which is characterized in that includes the following steps：(1) the day lily implantation methods of different terrain and building well mode；(2) different cultivars selection collocation, the picking for extending day lily watch period；(3) under persimmon+day lily pattern, the tree body of persimmon regulates and controls；(4) mountainous region persimmon garden tourist sight main node；(5) integrated control disease pest under persimmon and day lily hybrid system.The present invention provides a kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism, year rainwash reduction relatively control reduces 67.81%, and year soil erosion amount reduction 84.45%, effective persimmon Orchard Soil of improveing is located at ecological environment, improves Quality of persimmon.In a complete growth cycle, the recreational tourism time that Mixed Planting Method plant day lily+persimmon sees fruit leaf pattern was extended to 210 days by 70 days that plant persimmon merely；Day lily plantation is averaged 160 days florescences that 55 days florescences extended to Mixed Planting Method by single variety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree ecological cultivation fields, and especially relating to adaptation mountainous region persimmon garden ecofallows sightseeing tour needs
The Compound Planting Model wanted, and prevented erosion, i.e., land occupation conditions different according to mountainous region persimmon garden, plants day lily, realizes
Mountain village travel industry development, prevents erosion, and improves persimmon garden economic benefit.
Background technology
China's persimmon (DiospyrosL.f.) cultivation history is long, in the Xia dynasty of primitive society and slave society, the Shang Dynasty, people
The people often acquire the persimmon fruit under wild state and allay one's hunger, and artificial domesticating cultivation is then risen in the period of the Warring States, is popular in Han dynasty.B.C. 2
Century《The Book of Songs is elegant》In there is the related of persimmon to record.B.C. 120~118 years, Sima was mutually as written by when Emperor Wu Di of the Han dynasty《Upper woods
It assigns》In have the sentence of " Pi Pa Yan persimmons, Fiona a kind of apples Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis ".During the early years of Han Dynasty《In Book of Rites then》In have the description of " jujube Li Zhen persimmons ".
The persimmon culture in China is of long standing and well established.In all age, no matter emperors and ministers, the men of literature and writing or ordinary people are all by persimmon
Son is considered as the symbol having good luck, and partials express the meaning of " everything is just fine ", " Everything come off satisfactorily ", and there are many poems for chanting persimmon for now preservation
Sing works and paint.With the development of the social economy, persimmon culture combined with economic and social life it is increasingly closer.Persimmon
Production and persimmon cultural tour have become an independent industry in many persimmon producing regions, persimmon cultural festival, publicity persimmon are held in various regions
Culture, further to expand persimmon industry." Luotian sweet tea persimmon section " that Luotian County, Hubei Province is held, Zhejiang balcony " red Zhu's persimmon cultural festival ",
" mesa persimmon cultural festival ", Shaanxi Fuping " the persimmon cultural festival " of Zhejiang Yongkang, when annual autumn and winter persimmon fruit brilliance, hold with
Folk custom festive events based on " persimmon is matchmaker, promotes trade and investment and act in an opera ", by the picking of persimmon fruit and eco-tour, sight seeing and pastime trip currently popular
The fusions such as trip, Peasants Joy, many persimmon producing regions are also proposed the travelling products persimmon culture and be the theme, such as dried persimmon, persimmon fruit juice, persimmon
Sauce, persimmon sugar sugar, persimmon wine, persimmon vinegar, persimmon cream, persimmon leaf tea etc.；China unique sweet tea persimmon source area Luotian County, Hubei Province also built up " persimmon it
All " sweet tea persimmon culture museums, universal for persimmon culture have incorporated sense of modernness.
Day lily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) belongs to Liliaceae, also known as forgets sorrow grass, day lily, tawny daylily, is
The traditional Specialty vegetable in China, plantation is with a long history, before more than 2,000 years《The Book of Songs defends the God of Wind》In just have " here
Help grass, say the back of the body of tree " record.The writer Ji Kang (Christian era 224-263) of the period of Three Kingdoms exists《Protecting health》" tawny daylily is forgotten for middle description
Sorrow ",《Presbyopic glasses》It is middle to describe " tawny daylily is logical to be forgotten, and one preferably male, and one is forgotten sorrow "；Bright Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.)《Compendium of Materia Medica》It is middle describe " tawny daylily, preferably
Lower wetland, the eleventh month of the lunar calendar grow thickly, leaf such as Pu garlic generation and weak, new and old phase generation, and mysorethorn leaf is emerald green, puts forth May and blooms, and six, which go out four, hangs down, towards opening
Dusk is listless, until the autumn is to the greatest extent deeply ".Day lily or a kind of beautiful ornamental class flowers, corolla six go out, reversion；And wide adaptability, it is resistance to lean
It is thin；It is larger in Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, zhejiang and other places production scale.
In the actual production process, persimmon is mostly planted in hillside, especially southern mountain persimmon garden, and rainfall is big, " three run "
(metal run out, run soil, run fertilizer) problem is more prominent, and the fertile table soil in persimmon garden is largely lost, soil layer, and soil texture destroys, is poor
It is leanization, hardened；Meanwhile in recreational tourism persimmon garden, after only September fruit starts maturation, popularity, September could be attracted pervious
Long time persimmon garden does not have scenic outlook, and the period of tourist season is short, and the anniversary, tourist arrivals were few, causes economic benefit low.And chrysanthemum
Dish is barren-resistant although wide adaptability, but the single variety florescence is short (45-70 days) in planting process, and plant is withered after September
It withers, the period of view tourism is also ofer short duration.
Agroforestry is collectively constituted by environment and biology, while environment determines the type and structure of biology,
Biology reacts on environment, influences environment, and there is complicated interactions between them.Agroforestry is being emphasized mainly
On the basis of function, the heterogeneous construction in carry out system, and stable structure is formed, improve respective benefit.Different species
Between, material exchange and the flowing on energy can be carried out, and under artificial regulation and control, facilitate various components in whole system
Connect each other, mutually promote, reach ecological functions and mutually unify with economic benefit.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, how to create a kind of effective ecological Compound Planting Model, persimmon and day lily are given full play to
Plantation advantage, can prevent the soil erosion in mountainous region persimmon garden, enhance the value of going sightseeing in mountainous region persimmon garden, and production can be saved
Manual labor cost in management increases economic benefit, goes sightseeing and persimmon industry sustainable and healthy development for mountainous region persimmon garden
The problem of urgent need to resolve.
Invention content
Persimmon and two kinds of crop-plantings of day lily are with a long history, how in beautiful rural construction, rural strategy to revitalize, modern times
Under the overall background of intensive agriculture production, the micro- domain ecology in persimmon garden was not only improved, but also improve industrial economy benefit.In order to solve existing skill
Art problem, realize mountainous region persimmon garden can prevention soil and water loss and realize Ecological sightseeing travel, increase economic efficiency, the present invention
A kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism is provided, year rainwash reduction relatively control reduces 67.81%,
Year, soil erosion amount reduced 84.45%, and effectively improvement persimmon Orchard Soil is located at ecological environment, improves Quality of persimmon.Shi Yuan trips simultaneously
The scape time enjoy visiting by increasing within 70 days 210 days, year net income is 2.53 ten thousand yuan per acre, relatively compares persimmon garden and is higher by 99.21%.Including
Following steps：
(1) the day lily implantation methods of different terrain and building well mode；
(2) different cultivars selection collocation, the picking for extending day lily watch period；
(3) under persimmon+day lily pattern, the tree body of persimmon regulates and controls；
(4) mountainous region persimmon garden tourist sight main node；
(5) integrated control disease pest under persimmon and day lily hybrid system.
In order to effectively retain rainwash, in step (1), the present invention provides a kind of new method, persimmon and day lily are multiple
Close solid growth.Specific method is that hillside fields persimmon garden day lily uses " duplicate rows zigzag group planting method ", i.e., among persimmon row band, kind
Two row day lilies are planted, line-spacing 60cm, two row day lily clumps are in distribution in a zigzag；Often in row day lily, every clump of clump is away from 25cm；Often
Clump 3 plants of seedlings of plant, in equilateral triangle, spacing in the rows 8cm.
In order to be further reduced persimmon field table sediment loss amount, in step (1), in the terrace land persimmon garden for building block with building stones,
In addition to planting two row day lilies among persimmon row band, encrypts plantation day lily in terrace land outer and retain row, using " three row water chestnuts
Shape group planting method " plants three row day lilies, line-spacing 45cm that is, in terrace land outer, and three row day lilies clumps assume diamond in shape distribution；Often row is yellow
In cauliflower, every clump of clump is away from 20cm；3 plants of seedlings of every clump of plant, in equilateral triangle, spacing in the rows 10cm.
In the terrace land persimmon garden constructed with earth material, in addition among persimmon row band and terrace land outer plantation day lily, earth material
Terraced wall uses " single plant scattered planting method ", i.e., scattered kind of single plant, spacing in the rows 15cm on terraced wall.
In order to adapt to the requirement of sightseeing tour blooming period prolonging, in step (2), a kind of new method, i.e. different maturation period are provided
Mixed Planting of Varieties method, in every clump of day lily of triangular spacing, using it is precocious, in ripe, late variety respectively transplant 1 plant, mixed planting；
Scattered planting method mid-early maturity:In it is ripe:Late-maturing=1:1:1 carries out miscegenation.Early-maturing variety predominantly pacify the people No.1, April is colored, May is fresh；In
Cooked food kind is mainly wooden club flower, sudden dive flower, proboscis flower；Late variety is mainly mid-autumn, Jing Zhou flower, Bai Xuan flowers.
Under persimmon and day lily Compound Planting Model, in order to maintain the yield and quality of persimmon and day lily, step (3)
In, a kind of new persimmon shape is invented, persimmon has center leader dry, and high about 2.0m is done at the high 60cm of trunk, center；But first
The dry reduction in center more than layer major branch is major branch, and direct raw middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, sets high control in 2.5m or less thereon；It is main
Branch is one layer, and 3~4,60 °~70 ° of base angle, spacing of adjacent 2 major branches on center is dry is 15cm~20cm；Most upper major branch
Dry direct raw 8~10 medium and small fruit-bearing shoot clusters in center, do not configure major branch；Each major branch configures 1~2 side shoot, side
70 ° or so of the angle of branch and major branch.The persimmon group structure in mountainous region persimmon garden is canopy coverage rate 85%-90%, leaf-area coefficient
For 5.0-5.5.The shape of the entire persimmon such as umbrella stood upside down, therefore persimmon is new tree-like is named as " persimmon inverted umbrella ".
In order to further control the canopy of persimmon, the balance of nutrient growth and reproductive growth is adjusted, step also provides in (3)
A kind of new method, persimmon, which is thanked, spends 30 days afterwards, in canopy foliage-spray phenyl croak pyridine carboxylate (Chloride, trade name AMO-
1618) 200mg/L, the extension growth of control persimmon young sprout, shortens young sprout internode length, increases the leaf-area coefficient of Shi Yuan groups,
It realizes that the day lily normal growth of interplanting is bloomed, and maintains rational field yield.
In step (4), persimmon and day lily prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control whole year make good use of four medicines, and the critical period season of growth is April
The last ten-days period, mid-June and late August, disease mainly prevent leaf blight, anthracnose, leaf spot, rust of day lily etc., persimmon
Anthracnose, angular leaf spot, Northern leaf spot etc.；Insect pest mainly prevents the aphid of day lily, red spider etc., the scale insect of persimmon, leafhopper,
Noctuid etc..Fungicide select 70% thiophanate methyl WP1000~1200 times liquid, 65% zineb WP, 500~700 times of liquid,
80% too Sheng or greatly 800~1000 times of liquid of raw WP；Insecticide selects 48% to find pleasure in this this EC 1000~1200 times of liquid, 4.5% high
Cypermethrin EC 1500~2000 times of liquid, 2.5% time EC, 2000~2500 times of liquid are imitated, a kind of fungicide and one kind is selected to kill
Worm agent is used in mixed way, and pays attention to fungicide and insecticide cross-reference.
Finely clear garden disinfection is to reduce pest and disease damage to endanger radix in winter persimmon garden, reduces the key of season of growth medication, specifically
Method is thoroughly to wipe out disease, worm deadwood, strikes off trunk tertia, removes the upper remaining calyx and receptacle of a persimmon of tree, mummy；Thoroughly clean fallen leaves (chrysanthemum
Cake-shaped rape seed dregs branch), mummy etc., concentration burns or buried；Spray 45% lime sulfur crystal, 50~70 times of liquid or 4~5 Baumes simultaneously
Lime sulfur is spent, limb and day lily clump row carry out elution formula spraying.
In step (5), mountainous region persimmon garden tourism main landscape node is：Start May to mid or late September, watches day lily
Flower bud, flower+picking day lily+hemerocallis sale+experience day lily processing on the spot+persimmon grow Popular Science Education；Mid or late September -11
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon：Red persimmon fruit watches+persimmon fruit picking+sale of persimmon fruit+ornamental red persimmon leaf, lies fallow in a complete growth cycle
The time went sightseeing by 70 days that plant persimmon merely extend to day lily+persimmon pattern 210 days.
A kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism of the invention, has the advantages that：
1, a kind of complex ecological cropping pattern of mountainous region persimmon+day lily is created, persimmon is that perennial deep-rootedness is tall originally,
Service life is more than a century；Day lily is perennial shallow root draft shade plant, and the production cycle is up to 12-15.Two kinds
It is spatially complementary to coordinate without symbiosis pest and disease damage between group, preferably utilize space resources；It partly overlaps in time, but not
There are big competitions；It functionally prevents erosion, the persimmon garden ecosystem is rich and varied, when realizing the sightseeing tour of mountainous region persimmon garden
The extension of phase.
2, it using new method, not only effectively prevented erosion, but also increases the yield of day lily.Hillside fields persimmon garden day lily uses
" duplicate rows zigzag group planting method ", is built with building stones in the terrace land persimmon garden of block, in addition to planting two row day lilies among persimmon row band,
Plantation day lily is encrypted in terrace land outer and retains row, using " three row diamond shape group planting methods "；In the terrace land persimmon garden constructed with earth material,
In addition among persimmon row band and terrace land outer plantation day lily, earth material ladder wall transplants day lily using " single plant scattered planting method ".It is real
Existing mountainous region persimmon garden year rainwash reduces relatively control and reduces 67.81%, and year soil erosion amount reduction 84.45% effectively improves persimmon
Orchard Soil is located at ecological environment, improves Quality of persimmon
3, different maturation period day lily Mixed Planting of Varieties method, filter out the excellent precocity of Comprehensive Traits, in ripe, late-maturing day lily
Kind realizes that day lily is averaged 160 days florescences that 55 days florescences extended to Mixed Planting Method by single variety, day lily under composite mode
(fresh flower stalk) field yield 620kg.
4, it is newly tree-like the persimmon to match with persimmon day lily tree-dimentional growing model has been formulated.Persimmon is led with center
Dry, high about 2.0m is done at the high 60cm of trunk, center；But the dry reduction in center more than first layer major branch is major branch, sets high control and exists
2.5m is hereinafter, canopy coverage rate 85%-90%, leaf-area coefficient 5.0-5.5.Meanwhile at growth retardant AMO-1618
Reason, the relatively control of persimmon young sprout reduce 36.58%, and the relatively control of young sprout rugosity increases by 20%, and young sprout panel length relatively compares reduction
29.03%, the leaf-area coefficient relatively control in persimmon garden increases by 17.54%.
5, in a complete growth cycle, the mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism time was extended to by 70 days that plant persimmon merely
210 days of day lily+persimmon pattern.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the function and effect that different mode prevents mountainous region persimmon garden soil erosion；
Fig. 2 is different mode soil moisture content；
Fig. 3 is the Net Photosynthetic Rate diurnal variation curve of day lily under different persimmon management conditions；
Fig. 4 is hillside fields persimmon garden day lily duplicate rows zigzag group planting method schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the three row diamond shape group planting method schematic diagram of terrace land persimmon garden that building stones build block.
Wherein marked in figure：A1:Triangle day lily clump, spacing in the rows 10cm
B1：Day lily clump is away from 25cm
C1：Two row day lily clumps are whole such as " it " word
D1：Day lily clump line-spacing
E1：4 meters of hillside fields persimmon garden row band
F1：Persimmon " umbrella that falls is tree-like "
A2:Triangle day lily clump, spacing in the rows 10cm
B2：Day lily clump is away from 20cm
C2：Three row day lily clumps are whole such as " it " word
D2：Day lily clump line-spacing 45cm
E2：Persimmon row band
F2：The terraced wall of terraced fields
Specific implementation mode
Implement illustration：A kind of method mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism and prevented erosion
(1) the day lily implantation methods of different terrain and building well mode
Persimmon and the plantation of day lily composite stereo, specific implementation mode are hillside fields persimmon garden day lily using " duplicate rows is in a zigzag
Group planting method " (Fig. 4) plants two row day lilies, line-spacing 60cm, two row day lily clumps are in zigzag point that is, among persimmon row band
Cloth；Often in row day lily, every clump of clump is away from 25cm；3 plants of seedlings of every clump of plant, in equilateral triangle, spacing in the rows 8cm.With stone
Material is built in the terrace land persimmon garden of block, and in addition to planting two row day lilies among persimmon row band, plantation chrysanthemum is encrypted in terrace land outer
Dish retains row, using " three row diamond shape group planting methods " (Fig. 5), i.e., in terrace land outer, plants three row day lilies, line-spacing 45cm, three rows
Day lily clump assumes diamond in shape distribution；Often in row day lily, every clump of clump is away from 20cm；3 plants of seedlings of every clump of plant, it is in equilateral triangle,
Spacing in the rows is 10cm.In the terrace land persimmon garden constructed with earth material, in addition among persimmon row band and terrace land outer plantation day lily, soil
The terraced wall of material uses " single plant scattered planting method ", i.e., scattered kind of single plant, spacing in the rows 15cm on terraced wall.
In persimmon+day lily complex ecosystem, due to the double action of the biological hedge and biology covering of day lily, have
Effect improves the micro- domain Ecology condition in persimmon garden.Side slope and row can effectively play Littoral Barrier with intermediate day lily row clump in rainy season
Function slows down rainwater rainwash, extends the time of rain infiltration soil, increases soil water storage.Meanwhile day lily growth period
Long, mid or late March cauline leaf starts to grow, effectively reduces and cause to block surface soil due to grogs is fine crushing because rainwater directly splashes soil
Layer hole influences moisture to oozing under deep subsoil, to reduce rainwater flow path surface and the soil amount of being etched.Traditional mountainous region persimmon
Garden uses clear weeding pattern, and earth's surface bare area is big, severe water and soil erosion.Find out that persimmon+day lily is compound by Fig. 1 analyses
The earth's surface annual runoff of system is only the 32.19% of clear weeding persimmon garden, year rainwash reduction 11.82m3；The year soil erosion
Amount is only the 15.55% of clear weeding persimmon garden, and the year soil erosion reduces 121.89kg.
In addition, in persimmon+day lily complex ecosystem, since day lily is in row band centre, side slope, ladder wall etc.
Biological covering methods effect, reduces the moisture evaporation of persimmon garden topsoil soils, soil moisture content is high, but also keeps good stabilization
Property.It is analyzed by Fig. 2,0-20cm soil horizon year water content average out to 18.07% in persimmon+day lily complex ecosystem, more clearly
Weeding persimmon garden is higher by 4.15 percentage points；20-40cm soil horizon year water content average out to 17.85%, more clear weeding persimmon garden
It is higher by 2.43 percentage points.
(2) under persimmon+day lily pattern, the tree body of persimmon regulates and controls
In order to maintain the yield and quality of two kinds of crops of persimmon and day lily hybrid system, the persimmon in persimmon garden is according to new
Tree-like progress tree body management.The new tree-like tree management of persimmon is：With center, leader is dry, and the high 60cm of trunk, center is done high about
2.0m；But the dry reduction in more than first layer major branch center is major branch, direct raw middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, sets high control thereon
In 2.5m or less；Major branch is one layer, 3~4,60 °~70 ° of base angle, spacing of adjacent 2 major branches on center is dry be 15cm~
20cm；Dry direct raw 8~10 medium and small fruit-bearing shoot clusters in the center of most upper major branch, do not configure major branch；Each major branch configuration
70 ° or so of the angle of 1~2 side shoot, side shoot and major branch.The persimmon group structure in mountainous region persimmon garden is canopy coverage rate 85%-
90%, leaf-area coefficient 5.0-5.5.The shape of the entire persimmon such as umbrella stood upside down, therefore persimmon is new tree-like is named as that " persimmon falls umbrella
Shape ".
In order to further control the canopy of persimmon, the balance of nutrient growth and reproductive growth is adjusted, 30 after persimmon thanks and spends
It, in canopy foliage-spray phenyl croak pyridine carboxylate (Chloride, trade name AMO-1618) 200mg/L, until blade face and blade back
It drips for degree, the extension for controlling persimmon young sprout is grown, and is shortened young sprout internode length, is regulated and controled the leaf-area coefficient of persimmon, realizes interplanting
Day lily normal growth bloom, and maintain rational field yield.
Table 1 is different disposal to persimmon young sprout control action effect.Different disposal be respectively persimmon thank spend after 30 days, in canopy
Foliage-spray phenyl croak pyridine carboxylate (Chloride, trade name AMO-1618) 200mg/L, cycocel (Chlormequat
Chloride, abridge CCC) growth retardants such as 1000mg/L, uniconazole P (Uniconazole, abridge S3307) 60mg/L are to persimmon
The function and effect of control shoot are set, spray clear water is compareed.Find out from the analysis of table 1, the length of young sprout is most short after AMO-1618 processing, more right
According to reduction 36.58%；The relatively control of young sprout rugosity increases by 20%, is above S3307 and CCC processing；It is new after AMO-1618 processing
Tip panel length is minimum, only 4.4cm, and relatively control reduces 29.03%.The leaf-area coefficient that AMO-1618 handles the gardens Hou Shi is more right
It is highest for numerical value in all processing according to increase by 17.54%, show the quantity increasing of unit area blade after AMO-1618 processing
Add, also means that biological yield has increased trend on unit area.
Table 1：Function and effect of the different disposal to persimmon young sprout and leaf-area coefficient
| Processing | New-tip length/cm | Young sprout rugosity/cm | Panel length/cm | Leaf-area coefficient |
| AMO-1618 | 32.6±3.5 | 0.72±0.03 | 4.4±0.5 | 5.7 |
| S3307 | 39.8±3.8 | 0.67±0.02 | 4.9±0.4 | 5.6 |
| CCC | 42.7±2.2 | 0.68±0.04 | 5.1±0.4 | 5.1 |
| CK | 51.4±4.1 | 0.60±0.03 | 6.2±0.7 | 4.7 |
Pass through the tree-like initiative of simplification and the application of chemistry control hat new method, the nutrient growth of active balance persimmon and reproduction life
Long relationship, while ensureing the normal growth of day lily under complex ecological pattern and blooming, more traditional tall and big more major branches of persimmon
Natural globular model covers operation mode, significantly improves the photosynthetic rate of day lily.Fig. 3 the result shows that, inverted umbrella it is tree-like+chemistry control
Under tip management mode, the per day Net Photosynthetic Rate (Pn) of day lily is 14.58umolm-2·s-1, more traditional is tall and big more
Major branch nature globular model is tree-like to improve 68.92%, and main cause is under new tree-like+chemical control shoot pattern, and day lily row clump connects
The intensity of illumination of receipts is significantly higher than nature globular model.
(3) day lily picking watches extension and the main travel landscape node in period
The day lily single variety florescence is 45-70 days short, in order to adapt to the requirement of sightseeing tour blooming period prolonging, using different ripe
Phase day lily Mixed Planting of Varieties method.Be embodied as in every clump of day lily of triangular spacing, using it is precocious, in ripe, late variety
Each 1 plant of plant, mixed planting；Scattered planting method mid-early maturity:In it is ripe:Late-maturing=1:1:1 carries out miscegenation.Early-maturing variety predominantly pacifies the people one
Number, April is colored, May is fresh；Medium variety is mainly wooden club flower, sudden dive flower, proboscis flower；Late variety is mainly mid-autumn, Jing Zhou
Flower, Bai Xuan flowers.
Mountainous region persimmon garden tourism main landscape node different times were designed as starting to mid or late September May, watched day lily
Flower bud, flower+picking day lily+hemerocallis sale+experience day lily processing on the spot+persimmon grow Popular Science Education；Mid or late September is to 11
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon predominantly red persimmon fruit watches+persimmon fruit picking+sale of persimmon fruit+and watches red persimmon leaf.Grey parts are chrysanthemum in table 2
The landscape period of dish, black portions are the landscape period in persimmon garden.It is shown by table 2, in a complete growth cycle, Mixed Planting Method
The recreational tourism time that plant day lily+persimmon sees fruit leaf pattern was extended to 210 days by 70 days that plant persimmon merely；Day lily
Plantation is averaged 160 days florescences that 55 days florescences extended to Mixed Planting Method by single variety, is also accordingly prolonged suitable for the time of recreational tourism
It is long.
Table 2：It designs mountainous region persimmon garden complex ecological pattern tourist attractions
(4) integrated control disease pest under persimmon and day lily hybrid system
Under hybrid system, in order to reduce prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control times for spraying, whole year makes good use of four medicines.The critical period season of growth
For late April, mid-June and late August, disease mainly prevents leaf blight, anthracnose, leaf spot, rust of day lily etc.,
Anthracnose, angular leaf spot, Northern leaf spot of persimmon etc.；Insect pest mainly prevents the aphid of day lily, red spider etc., the scale insect of persimmon,
Leafhopper, noctuid etc..Fungicide selects 70% thiophanate methyl WP1000~1200 times liquid, 500~700 times of 65% zineb WP
Liquid, 80% are contained very much or 800~1000 times of liquid of big raw WP；Insecticide selects 48% pleasure this this EC 1000~1200 times of liquid, 4.5%
1500~2000 times of liquid of effective cypermethrin EC, 2.5% time EC, 2000~2500 times of liquid select a kind of fungicide and one kind
Insecticide is used in mixed way, and pays attention to fungicide and insecticide cross-reference.
Finely clear garden disinfection is to reduce pest and disease damage to endanger radix in winter persimmon garden, reduces the key of season of growth medication, specifically
Method is thoroughly to wipe out disease, worm deadwood, strikes off trunk tertia, removes the upper remaining calyx and receptacle of a persimmon of tree, mummy；Thoroughly clean fallen leaves (chrysanthemum
Cake-shaped rape seed dregs branch), mummy etc., concentration burns or buried；Spray 45% lime sulfur crystal, 50~70 times of liquid or 4~5 Baumes simultaneously
Lime sulfur is spent, limb and day lily clump row carry out elution formula spraying.
(5) under hybrid system, the yield and economic benefit in mountainous region persimmon garden
By the implementation of above-mentioned comprehensive technical measure, the yield and quality of persimmon fruit had not only been improved, but also has ensured day lily
Yield and quality greatly improves the overall economic efficiency in mountainous region persimmon garden.Two sweet tea persimmon plantations of main investigation Da Bie Mountain area,
Kind is positive Feng Tian persimmons, and soil is the ancient soil of fiber crops of gneiss weathering formation, and landform is low mountain, and being respectively positioned on greatly Shang red tourism
In band.With the application of the invention, using persimmon+day lily complex ecological pattern, the gardens Ge Shi are that pure sweet tea persimmon produces garden in one gardens Ge Shi.It is main
It is field product income to take in, and the wherein persimmon fruit average sales price in hybrid system persimmon garden is 10 yuan/kg, day lily (fresh flower stalk)
Average sales price is 12 yuan/kg, and the average sales price that persimmon produces garden persimmon fruit is 8 yuan/kg, and receipts per acre are converted into according to real revenue
Enter；Travelling entrance ticket and other service incomes are included in miscellaneous receipt, are converted into and take in per acre.Production cost includes mainly orchard agriculture
The means of production such as medicine, chemical fertilizer are put into, manual labor input, cost of goods sold etc., and it is single to be converted into mu according to actual cost
Position calculates.
It is analyzed by table 3, the persimmon+sale total income of day lily hybrid system pattern per acre is 3.05 ten thousand yuan.Wherein pure receipts
It is 2.53 ten thousand yuan to enter, and relatively compares pure persimmon production garden and is higher by 99.21%.Wherein in persimmon+day lily hybrid system pattern, persimmon fruit by
In the increase of yield and the promotion of quality, income from sales is 1.83 ten thousand yuan per acre, also relatively compares pure persimmon production garden and improves
29.24%.In terms of Productive statistics, persimmon+day lily hybrid system pattern mu puts into 0.52 ten thousand yuan, relatively compares pure persimmon production garden
Height, mainly manual labor cost are increased slightly.
Field yield and economic benefit under 3 mountainous region persimmon garden hybrid system of table
The present invention is not limited solely to above example, and it is similar that anyone can obtain its under the inspiration of the present invention
Method, but it makees any change in form, and existing same or similar technical solution both falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) the day lily implantation methods of different terrain and building well mode；
(2) different cultivars selection collocation, the picking for extending day lily watch period；
(3) under persimmon+day lily pattern, the tree body of persimmon regulates and controls；
(4) mountainous region persimmon garden tourist sight main node；
(5) integrated control disease pest under persimmon and day lily hybrid system；
In step (1), persimmon and the plantation of day lily composite stereo；
Specific method is that hillside fields persimmon garden day lily uses " duplicate rows zigzag group planting method ", i.e., among persimmon row band, plants two rows
Day lily, line-spacing 60cm, two row day lily clumps are in distribution in a zigzag；Often in row day lily, every clump of clump is away from 25cm；Every clump of plant
3 plants of seedlings, in equilateral triangle, spacing in the rows 8cm；
Or, in the terrace land persimmon garden for building block with building stones, in addition to planting two row day lilies among persimmon row band, in terrace land outer
Encryption plantation day lily retains row, using " three row diamond shape group planting methods ", i.e., in terrace land outer, plants three row day lilies, line-spacing
45cm, three row day lilies clumps assume diamond in shape distribution；Often in row day lily, every clump of clump is away from 20cm；3 plants of seedlings of every clump of plant, in etc.
Side triangle, spacing in the rows 10cm；
Or, in the terrace land persimmon garden constructed with earth material, in addition among persimmon row band and terrace land outer plantation day lily, earth material ladder
Wall uses " single plant scattered planting method ", i.e., scattered kind of single plant, spacing in the rows 15cm on terraced wall.
2. ecological cultivation pattern as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step (2), different maturation period Mixed Planting of Varieties method, in every clump of day lily of equilateral triangle plant, using morning
It is ripe, in ripe, late variety respectively transplant 1 plant, mixed planting；" the single plant scattered planting method " mid-early maturity:In it is ripe:Late-maturing=1:1:1 into
Row miscegenation；
The early-maturing variety predominantly pacify the people No.1, April is colored, May is fresh；
The medium variety is mainly wooden club flower, sudden dive flower, proboscis flower；
The late variety is mainly mid-autumn, Jing Zhou flower, Bai Xuan flowers.
3. ecological cultivation pattern as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step (3), persimmon has center leader dry, and high about 2.0m is done at the high 60cm of trunk, center；It is more than first layer major branch
The dry reduction in center be major branch, direct raw middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, sets high control in 2.5m or less thereon；Major branch be one layer, 3
~4,60 °~70 ° of base angle, spacing of adjacent 2 major branches on center is dry is 15cm~20cm；On the center of most upper major branch is dry
Directly raw 8~10 medium and small fruit-bearing shoot clusters, do not configure major branch；1~2 side shoot of each major branch configuration, side shoot and major branch
70 ° or so of angle；The shape of the entire persimmon such as umbrella stood upside down, therefore persimmon is new tree-like is named as " persimmon inverted umbrella "；
Step, which further includes that persimmon is thanked in (3), spends 30 days afterwards, in canopy foliage-spray phenyl croak pyridine carboxylate, a concentration of 200mg/
L。
4. ecological cultivation pattern as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step (4), mountainous region persimmon garden tourism main landscape node is：Start May to mid or late September, watches day lily
Flower bud, flower+picking day lily+hemerocallis sale+experience day lily processing on the spot+persimmon grow Popular Science Education；Mid or late September -11
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon：Red persimmon fruit watches+persimmon fruit picking+sale of persimmon fruit+ornamental red persimmon leaf, lies fallow in a complete growth cycle
The time went sightseeing by 70 days that plant persimmon merely extend to day lily+persimmon pattern 210 days.
5. ecological cultivation pattern as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step (5), persimmon and day lily prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control whole year make good use of four medicines, and the critical period season of growth is April
The last ten-days period, mid-June and late August, leaf blight, anthracnose, leaf spot, rust of disease control day lily etc., the charcoal of persimmon
Subcutaneous ulcer disease, angular leaf spot, Northern leaf spot etc.；Aphid, red spider of pest control day lily etc., scale insect, leafhopper, noctuid of persimmon etc.；
Fungicide select 70% thiophanate methyl WP1000~1200 times liquid, 65% zineb WP 500~700 times of liquid, 80% contain very much or
800~1000 times of liquid of big raw WP；Insecticide selects 48% 1000~1200 times of liquid of this this EC of pleasure, 4.5% effective cypermethrin
1500~2000 times of liquid of EC, 2.5% time EC, 2000~2500 times of liquid, selecting a kind of fungicide and a kind of insecticide to mix makes
With fungicide and insecticide cross-reference；
Finely clear garden disinfection is to reduce pest and disease damage to endanger radix in winter persimmon garden, reduces the key of season of growth medication, specific method
Thoroughly to wipe out disease, worm deadwood, trunk tertia is struck off, the upper remaining calyx and receptacle of a persimmon of tree, mummy are removed；Thoroughly clean fallen leaves, mummy etc., collection
In burn or buried；Spray 45% lime sulfur crystal, 50~70 times of liquid or 4~5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs simultaneously, limb and
Day lily clump row carries out elution formula spraying.
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| CN112075280A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-15 | 平湖市报本农业科技有限公司 | Fruit tree cultivation method suitable for orchard landscape |
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