CN106804282A - The method and the persimmon garden ecosystem of a kind of persimmon garden interplanting leguminous forage - Google Patents
The method and the persimmon garden ecosystem of a kind of persimmon garden interplanting leguminous forage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106804282A CN106804282A CN201710224357.1A CN201710224357A CN106804282A CN 106804282 A CN106804282 A CN 106804282A CN 201710224357 A CN201710224357 A CN 201710224357A CN 106804282 A CN106804282 A CN 106804282A
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- persimmon
- leguminous forage
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- interplanted
- herbage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The method and the persimmon garden ecosystem of a kind of persimmon garden interplanting leguminous forage, are related to agricultural plantation technology field.The method of persimmon garden interplanting leguminous forage includes：Canopy density be 0.6 0.8 and the line-spacing of persimmon for more than 3m persimmon garden in plant leguminous forage.The method can significantly improve the fertility of soil and the quality of fruit.The persimmon garden ecosystem, including：Canopy density be 0.6 0.8 and the line-spacing of persimmon for more than 3m persimmon garden in plant be implanted with leguminous forage.The system can make full use of the natural resources, and set up low cost, the persimmon garden with bio-diversity, while conservation of nature ecological environment and agroecological environment can be improved, realize the sustainable development of agricultural zootechnical, and society and ecological benefits are notable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, and method and the persimmon garden of leguminous forage are interplanted in more particularly to a kind of persimmon garden
The ecosystem.
Background technology
In 19 end of the centurys, interplanting management orchard technology is along with hay mover and irrigation in U.S.'s appearance, the forties in 20th century
The progress and development of system, the technology is just widelyd popularize.Fruit-bearing forest interplants herbage, refers to that in the ranks or full garden (sets disk to remove in fruit tree
A kind of orchard soil management system of the perennial or annual herb plant as covering is planted outward), is foster and apply fertilizer orchard soil fertility, control
A kind of ecological cultivation pattern of orchard soil erosion processed, is also a kind of wide variety of pipe of production of fruit trees developed country of current foreign countries
Manage the mode of orchard soil.
Now, soil management is main to sow based on herbage covering in American-European and Japan the orchard, interplants the fruit of herbage
Garden accounts for more than the 55~70% of the orchard gross area.Many countries and regions are widely studied intercropping in garden herbage in the world
And application.And research and application of the China to fruit-bearing forest interplanting herbage are started late, major part orchard soil cultivation management is arranged at present
Apply not perfect enough, fruit grass interplanting is still in experiment and small area applications stage.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden, the method can not only improve soil
Fertility, additionally it is possible to improve the quality of fruit.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of persimmon garden ecosystem, the system can make full use of the natural resources,
Low cost, the persimmon garden with bio-diversity are set up, while can conservation of nature ecological environment and improvement agroecological environment, realization
The sustainable development of agricultural zootechnical, society and ecological benefits are notable.
The present invention is solved its technical problem and is realized using following technical scheme.
The present invention proposes a kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden, and it includes：It is 0.6-0.8 and persimmon in canopy density
Line-spacing for more than 3m persimmon garden in plant leguminous forage.
The present invention proposes a kind of persimmon garden ecosystem, and it includes：The line-spacing that canopy density are 0.6-0.8 and persimmon for 3m with
Planted in Shang Shi gardens and be implanted with leguminous forage.
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is：
A kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden, in canopy density be 0.6-0.8 and the line-spacing of persimmon is the persimmon of more than 3m
Leguminous forage is planted in garden.Legume is interplanted in persimmon garden, the fertility of soil in persimmon garden and the quality of fruit can be significantly improved.
Additionally due to there are certain canopy density under persimmon, and can be time-consuming using the method in the case of introduces a collection abundance, improve beans
The survival rate of section herbage.
A kind of persimmon garden ecosystem, plants in the line-spacing that canopy density are 0.6-0.8 and persimmon is for the persimmon garden of more than 3m and is implanted with
Leguminous forage.This system features is：One is that fruit grass knot is closed, and solves the contradiction that fruit grass strives ground, takes full advantage of illumination, liquid manure
And land resource；Two is that, using orchard kind grass, herbage cauline leaf is in great numbers, and well developed root system can fix the nitrogen dissociated in air, increase
Nitrogen In Soils element nutrition and soil granular structure, improved soil quality, increase soil fertility, and for fruit tree provides nitrogenous fertilizer, reduce
Dependence of the fruit tree to chemical fertilizer, orchard is not required to weeding, is not required to apply chemical fertilizer, and few with even without spray, both water conservations are also saved
Orchard Productive statistics；Three is the sustainable development for realizing agricultural zootechnical, and society and ecological benefits are notable.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical scheme be clearly and completely described.Unreceipted actual conditions person, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer in embodiment
The condition of view is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are the conventional product that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The method and the persimmon garden ecosystem to a kind of persimmon garden interplanting leguminous forage provided in an embodiment of the present invention are carried out below
Illustrate.
Before leguminous forage is planted, selection of land and site preparation, canopy density 0.6-0.8, more than persimmon line space 3m are carried out first
Persimmon garden, the good soil of drainage.
Wherein on the premise of fruit tree is not destroyed, with small-sized plow harrow or other devices, centered on the stem of persimmon root, half
Footpath is opened up wasteland outside 0.8-1.2m regions；Or directly can be opened up wasteland with hoe, smash.Tilling depth 20-30cm, notes persimmon stem
Dry nearby to deep plough, harrow broken is smooth, and begin to rehearse ditch, depth of drainage ditch 38-42cm, width 48-52cm.It is wherein noticeable
It is that dry season is used for water storage and alleviates damage caused by a drought；Flood season can drain the water away in time.Basal dressing afterwards, specifically, application of organic fertilizers
15000-22500kg/hm2, it is preferable that the amount of organic fertilizer is 19000kg/hm2Or composite fertilizer's (NPK：15-15-
15)150-225kg/hm2；Preferably, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 185kg/hm2.Specifically mode is：Can be incited somebody to action when arable land is digged
It is uniformly sprinkled into, and is then covered with soil.
Then leguminous forage plantation is proceeded by, is sowed using bunch planting way.Bunch planting includes carrying out out cave successively, pouring
Water, sowing and earthing；Line-spacing 28-32cm, spacing in the rows 18-22cm, open cave diameter 10-15cm, water, per cave program request seed 6-10
Grain, depth of planting 2.5-6cm.It should be noted that March to June is Optimal sowing date, when osmanthus south area is sowed compared with osmanthus backlands area
Between can suitably shift to an earlier date.Preferably, leguminous forage is to spend the one kind in French beans, wing pod Cassia tora, mountain green soy bean or roundleaf telegraph plant in vain.More
Preferably, leguminous forage is wing pod Cassia tora or roundleaf telegraph plant.Most preferably, leguminous forage is wing pod Cassia tora.Wherein, leguminous forage
During for wing pod Cassia tora, depth of planting 4-6cm is preferred.In other embodiments, spending French beans, mountain green soy bean in vain can use bar broadcast mode kind
Plant, sowed after appropriate amount of water is poured after starting, earthing, need not be watered when continuous rainy, spend beans seed consumption 30- during drilling in vain
50kg/hm2, mountain green soy bean seed consumption 12-18kg/hm2。
Preferably, after leguminous forage is planted, field management is carried out.Field management is included but is not limited in following
Hold.
Fill the gaps with seedlings：Roundleaf telegraph plant, mountain green soy bean and wing pod Cassia tora growth of seedling are slow, in order to grow synchronization, should not directly use and plant
Son is filled the gaps with seedlings, and can be transplanted to the place that is short of seedling after the rain in growth compact district thinning.French beans growth of seedling speed is spent in vain fast, using kind
Son is filled the gaps with seedlings.
Cut weeds：Leguminous forage seedling stage is easily covered by weeds, need in time be removed with spud and grown grass, not sprayable weeding
Agent.
The herbage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For the pest and disease damage of GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT, the appropriate chemical for selecting efficient, low toxicity, the longevity of residure short
Medicine is periodically prevented and treated, and can also put chicken group in a suitable place to breed after seedling stage and insect is preyed in the herbage of orchard, maintains balance.
Pest and disease control of fruit trees：Pest and disease control of fruit trees time, method and identical standard is kept when not interplanting herbage, periodically
Spray foliar fertilizer, antimycotic, insect agricultural chemicals；In order to ensure pesticide application effect, first herbage is cradled before pesticide 3-5d.
Fruit tree is pruned：Pruned according to normal growth cycle after persimmon garden interplanting leguminous forage, promote fruit production；In order to and
When the fruit branch that will pare off clean out orchard, first cradle herbage before pruning.
Topdress：
Herbage is topdressed：Organic fertilizer 15000-22500kg/hm is imposed after cradling herbage every time2；Preferably, organic fertilizer
20000kg/hm2；Or urea 75-150kg/hm2；Preferably, urea selects 100kg/hm2。
Top dressing fruit tree：Fruit tree is applied fertilizer according to the administrative standard of fruit tree when not interplanting herbage, i.e., in fruit tree stem
Cave is dug at heart 0.8-1.2m and buries fertilizer.Fertilizer selection is buried before raining, to accelerate dissolving, the diffusion of chemical fertilizer, reduces the wound to herbage
Evil.
Non- cut issue exempts from fertilizer：Non- cut issue temperature is relatively low, and herbage growth is slow, without fertilising, using winter fruit tree and herds
The substantial amounts of withered Leaf Litter of grass macerate it is rotten after can auxiliary fertilizer.
Present invention also offers the preferred harvesting approach and preferable Land use systems of herbage：
1) herbage cradles
On the premise of not influenceing persimmon to grow, from florescence to the fruit harvest phase, roundleaf telegraph plant, wing pod Cassia tora, mountain hair
Beans Cutting Height 140-160cm, stays 40-50cm high；Spend French beans in vain and cradle rattan 180-190cm long, stay 30-50cm long.Fruit is received
After obtaining, to before next round florescence, Cutting Height can improve 10-20cm before relatively harvesting, and stay length constant.Clipping Frequencies are according to herding
The growing state of grass and season, rainfall is plentiful, and the phase can suitably shorten clipping Frequencies, and osmanthus backlands area 5-10 is monthly to be cradled, osmanthus south ground
Area's cut issue can extend to November.
2) utilize
Green grass or young crops is raised：
The plant-eating animals such as feeding ox, sheep, rabbit are directly used in after cradling；Leguminous forage of being arranged in pairs or groups during feeding is fed, and accounts for fresh
The 20-40% of careless daily ration.
Hay curing：After cradling, selection fine day dry to water content be 15-18% when, be made bale and preserved.
Cradle and beat powder：Cradle after drying, break into powdery, added in right amount in daily ration during feeding.
Seed is produced：Leguminous forage Fruit pod is changed into dark brown from green, and maturity harvests beans in batches when reaching 70-80%
Pod.After beanpod is dried, rolled with tractor or kind of a grain, and removal of impurities are discharged by modes such as artificial bastinades.Seed is stored up after drying
At plant ventilation, drying.
Present invention also offers a kind of persimmon garden ecosystem, it includes：In canopy density be 0.6-0.8 and the line-spacing of persimmon is
Planted in the persimmon garden of more than 3m and be implanted with leguminous forage.
Preferably, in the persimmon garden ecosystem stock raising.Chicken group can be such as put in a suitable place to breed in the herbage of orchard after seedling stage
Predation insect, maintains balance.Or phase after harvesting, ox or sheep are put in a suitable place to breed in persimmon garden, not only can be using herbage as cattle and sheep
Forage grass, while the excrement of cattle and sheep also acts as fertilizer.Wherein it should be noted that the time of putting in a suitable place to breed of cattle and sheep should not be too long.
There is application resources advantage area, using high yield and high quality herbage is interplanted in orchard, can suppress weedy,
The greenfeed that herbage makees ox, sheep, rabbit, goose, fish etc. can also be harvested, the system is " orchard → planting forage grass → forage grass → raising man
The stereo ecological cultivating system of poultry → excrement → fertilising → herbage, fruit-bearing forest ".
The characteristics of this system is：One is that fruit grass knot is closed, and solves the contradiction that fruit grass strives ground, takes full advantage of illumination, water
Fertilizer and land resource；Make full use of existing land resource to solve the problems, such as feed, reduce aquaculture cost；Two are covered using orchard
Herbage is planted, herbage cauline leaf is in great numbers, well developed root system, the nitrogen dissociated in air can be fixed, increase Nitrogen In Soils element nutrition and soil
Crumb structure, improved soil quality, increases soil fertility, and for fruit tree provides nitrogenous fertilizer, reduces dependence of the fruit tree to chemical fertilizer, orchard
Weeding is not required to, is not required to apply chemical fertilizer, few with even without spray, both water conservations also save orchard Productive statistics；Three is fruit
Garden disease pest is few, reaches the eco-benign development impact that grass is good, the excellent, benefit of fruit is good.Can well conservation of nature ecological environment and
Improve agroecological environment, realize the sustainable development of agricultural zootechnical, society and ecological benefits are notable.
Feature of the invention and performance are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden is present embodiments provided, leguminous forage is specific to wrap from French beans are spent in vain
Include：
1st, selection of land
The selection age of tree 5 years, the persimmon garden of canopy density 0.6, selection drainage is planted on good soil.
2nd, site preparation
On the premise of fruit tree is not destroyed, small-sized plow harrow is used, centered on fruit tree root stem, radius 0.8m enters outside region
Row is opened up wasteland.Tilling depth 40cm, should not deep plough near stem, and harrow broken is smooth, and begin to rehearse ditch, depth of drainage ditch 40cm, width 50cm.
3rd, base manure
Organic fertilizer 20000kg/hm2, it can be uniformly sprinkled into when arable land is digged, then covered with soil.
4th, leguminous forage plantation
Implantation methods：
Sowed using bunch planting way, line-spacing 28cm, spacing in the rows 18cm, opened cave diameter 10cm, watered, per cave program request seed
6, earthing, depth of planting 2.5cm.
5th, field management
1) fill the gaps with seedlings：Spend French beans growth of seedling speed in vain fast, filled the gaps with seedlings using seed.
2) cut weeds
Pulse family seedling stage is easily covered by weeds, need in time be removed with spud and grown grass, not sprayable herbicide.
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The herbage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For the pest and disease damage of GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT, the appropriate chemical for selecting efficient, low toxicity, the longevity of residure short
Medicine is periodically prevented and treated, and can also put chicken group in a suitable place to breed after seedling stage and insect is preyed in the herbage of orchard, maintains balance.
Pest and disease control of fruit trees：Pest and disease control of fruit trees time, method and identical standard is kept when not interplanting herbage, periodically
Spray foliar fertilizer, antimycotic, insect agricultural chemicals；In order to ensure pesticide application effect, first herbage is cradled before pesticide 4d.
4) fruit tree is pruned
Pruned according to normal growth cycle after persimmon garden interplanting herbage, promote fruit production；For the fruit that will be pared off in time
Branch cleans out orchard, and herbage is first cradled before pruning.
5) topdress
Herbage is topdressed：Organic fertilizer 18000kg/hm is imposed after cradling herbage every time2。
Top dressing fruit tree：Fruit tree is applied fertilizer according to the administrative standard of fruit tree when not interplanting herbage, i.e., apart from stem center
Cave is dug at 1m and buries fertilizer.Fertilizer selection is buried before raining, accelerates dissolving, the diffusion of chemical fertilizer, reduce the injury to herbage.
Non- cut issue exempts from fertilizer：Non- cut issue temperature is relatively low, and herbage growth is slow, without fertilising, using winter fruit tree and herds
The substantial amounts of withered Leaf Litter of grass macerate it is rotten after can auxiliary fertilizer.
A kind of persimmon garden ecosystem is present embodiments provided, is obtained by the above method.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden is present embodiments provided, leguminous forage selects mountain green soy bean, specifically includes：
1st, selection of land
The selection age of tree 9 years, canopy density 0.8, the persimmon garden of persimmon line space 3.5m, selection drainage is planted on good soil
Plant.
2nd, site preparation
On the premise of fruit tree is not destroyed, small-sized plow harrow is used, centered on fruit tree root stem, radius 1.2m enters outside region
Row is opened up wasteland.Tilling depth 20cm, should not deep plough near stem, and harrow broken is smooth, and begin to rehearse ditch, depth of drainage ditch 42cm, width 52cm.
3rd, base manure
Organic fertilizer 22500kg/hm2, it can be uniformly sprinkled into when arable land is digged, then covered with soil.
4th, leguminous forage plantation
Implantation methods：
Sowed using bunch planting way, line-spacing 32cm, spacing in the rows 22cm, opened cave diameter 15cm, watered, per cave program request seed
10, earthing, depth of planting 6cm.
5th, field management
1) mountain Glycine max Seedling is slow-growing, in order to grow synchronization, directly should not be filled the gaps with seedlings with seed, can be close in growing after the rain
The interval seedling of collection, transplants to the place that is short of seedling.
2) cut weeds
Pulse family seedling stage is easily covered by weeds, need in time be removed with spud and grown grass, not sprayable herbicide.
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The herbage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For the pest and disease damage of GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT, the appropriate chemical for selecting efficient, low toxicity, the longevity of residure short
Medicine is periodically prevented and treated, and can also put chicken group in a suitable place to breed after seedling stage and insect is preyed in the herbage of orchard, maintains balance.
Pest and disease control of fruit trees：Pest and disease control of fruit trees time, method and identical standard is kept when not interplanting herbage, periodically
Spray foliar fertilizer, antimycotic, insect agricultural chemicals；In order to ensure pesticide application effect, first herbage is cradled before pesticide 5d.
4) fruit tree is pruned
Pruned according to normal growth cycle after persimmon garden interplanting herbage, promote fruit production；For the fruit that will be pared off in time
Branch cleans out orchard, and herbage is first cradled before pruning.
5) topdress
Herbage is topdressed：Organic fertilizer 22500kg/hm is imposed after cradling herbage every time2。
Top dressing fruit tree：Fruit tree is applied fertilizer according to the administrative standard of fruit tree when not interplanting herbage, i.e., apart from stem center
Cave is dug at 1m and buries fertilizer.Fertilizer selection is buried before raining, accelerates dissolving, the diffusion of chemical fertilizer, reduce the injury to herbage.
Non- cut issue exempts from fertilizer：Non- cut issue temperature is relatively low, and herbage growth is slow, without fertilising, using winter fruit tree and herds
The substantial amounts of withered Leaf Litter of grass macerate it is rotten after can auxiliary fertilizer.
A kind of persimmon garden ecosystem is present embodiments provided, is obtained by the above method.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden is present embodiments provided, leguminous forage selects roundleaf telegraph plant, specific bag
Include：
1st, selection of land
The selection age of tree 5 years, the soil under the persimmon garden of canopy density 0.7, the line-spacing of persimmon is 3m, in the good soil of drainage
Upper plantation.
2nd, site preparation
On the premise of fruit tree is not destroyed, small-sized plow harrow is used, centered on fruit tree root stem, radius 0.8m enters outside region
Row is opened up wasteland.Tilling depth 20cm, should not deep plough near stem, and harrow broken is smooth, and begin to rehearse ditch, depth of drainage ditch 38cm, width 48cm.
3rd, base manure
Organic fertilizer 15000kg/hm2, it can be uniformly sprinkled into when arable land is digged, then covered with soil.
4th, leguminous forage plantation
Implantation methods：
Sowed using bunch planting way, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, opened cave diameter 12cm, watered, per cave program request seed
8, earthing, depth of planting 4cm.
5th, field management
1) fill the gaps with seedlings
Roundleaf telegraph plant growth of seedling is slow, in order to grow synchronization, directly should not be filled the gaps with seedlings with seed, can be close in growing after the rain
The interval seedling of collection, transplants to the place that is short of seedling.
2) cut weeds
Pulse family seedling stage is easily covered by weeds, need in time be removed with spud and grown grass, not sprayable herbicide.
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The herbage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For the pest and disease damage of GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT, the appropriate chemical for selecting efficient, low toxicity, the longevity of residure short
Medicine is periodically prevented and treated, and can also put chicken group in a suitable place to breed after seedling stage and insect is preyed in the herbage of orchard, maintains balance.
Pest and disease control of fruit trees：Pest and disease control of fruit trees time, method and identical standard is kept when not interplanting herbage, periodically
Spray foliar fertilizer, antimycotic, insect agricultural chemicals；In order to ensure pesticide application effect, first herbage is cradled before pesticide 3d.
4) fruit tree is pruned
Pruned according to normal growth cycle after persimmon garden interplanting herbage, promote fruit production；For the fruit that will be pared off in time
Branch cleans out orchard, and herbage is first cradled before pruning.
5) topdress
Herbage is topdressed：Organic fertilizer 15000kg/hm is imposed after cradling herbage every time2。
Top dressing fruit tree：Fruit tree is applied fertilizer according to the administrative standard of fruit tree when not interplanting herbage, i.e., apart from stem center
Cave is dug at 0.8m and buries fertilizer.Fertilizer selection is buried before raining, accelerates dissolving, the diffusion of chemical fertilizer, reduce the injury to herbage.
Non- cut issue exempts from fertilizer：Non- cut issue temperature is relatively low, and herbage growth is slow, without fertilising, using winter fruit tree and herds
The substantial amounts of withered Leaf Litter of grass macerate it is rotten after can auxiliary fertilizer.
A kind of persimmon garden ecosystem is present embodiments provided, is obtained by the above method.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden is present embodiments provided, leguminous forage selects wing pod Cassia tora, specific bag
Include：
1st, selection of land
The selection age of tree 5 years, the persimmon garden of canopy density 0.6, selection drainage is planted on good soil.
2nd, site preparation
On the premise of fruit tree is not destroyed, small-sized plow harrow is used, centered on fruit tree root stem, radius 0.8m enters outside region
Row is opened up wasteland.Tilling depth 40cm, should not deep plough near stem, and harrow broken is smooth, and begin to rehearse ditch, depth of drainage ditch 40cm, width 50cm.
3rd, base manure
Organic fertilizer 20000kg/hm2, it can be uniformly sprinkled into when arable land is digged, then covered with soil.
4th, leguminous forage plantation
Implantation methods：
Sowed using bunch planting way, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, opened cave diameter 12cm, watered, per cave program request seed
8, earthing, depth of planting 4cm.
5th, field management
1) wing pod Cassia tora growth of seedling is slow, in order to grow synchronization, directly should not be filled the gaps with seedlings with seed, can after the rain in growth
Compact district thinning, transplants to the place that is short of seedling.
2) cut weeds
Pulse family seedling stage is easily covered by weeds, need in time be removed with spud and grown grass, not sprayable herbicide.
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The herbage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For the pest and disease damage of GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT, the appropriate chemical for selecting efficient, low toxicity, the longevity of residure short
Medicine is periodically prevented and treated, and can also put chicken group in a suitable place to breed after seedling stage and insect is preyed in the herbage of orchard, maintains balance.
Pest and disease control of fruit trees：Pest and disease control of fruit trees time, method and identical standard is kept when not interplanting herbage, periodically
Spray foliar fertilizer, antimycotic, insect agricultural chemicals；In order to ensure pesticide application effect, first herbage is cradled before pesticide 4d.
4) fruit tree is pruned
Pruned according to normal growth cycle after persimmon garden interplanting herbage, promote fruit production；For the fruit that will be pared off in time
Branch cleans out orchard, and herbage is first cradled before pruning.
5) topdress
Herbage is topdressed：Organic fertilizer 18000kg/hm is imposed after cradling herbage every time2。
Top dressing fruit tree：Fruit tree is applied fertilizer according to the administrative standard of fruit tree when not interplanting herbage, i.e., apart from stem center
Cave is dug at 1m and buries fertilizer.Fertilizer selection is buried before raining, accelerates dissolving, the diffusion of chemical fertilizer, reduce the injury to herbage.
Non- cut issue exempts from fertilizer：Non- cut issue temperature is relatively low, and herbage growth is slow, without fertilising, using winter fruit tree and herds
The substantial amounts of withered Leaf Litter of grass macerate it is rotten after can auxiliary fertilizer.
A kind of persimmon garden ecosystem is present embodiments provided, is obtained by the above method.
The soil fertility of test example 1 is determined
Interplanting herbage respectively randomly selects after 1 year in the Intercropping grass area of embodiment 1~4 and without leguminous forage interplanting clear area
3 points, equal mass pedotheque is gathered 10 with 20cm depths, determines full effect nitrogen, full effect phosphorus, complete after being well mixed respectively
Effect potassium, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, pH value, effective boron reflect the index of soil fertility, in comparative analysis orchard
Interplant influence of each leguminous forage to soil fertility.
Full effect nitrogen, full effect phosphorus, full effect potassium, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, pH value, effective boron index determining
Method is respectively according to NY/T 1121.6-2006, NY/T53-1987, NY/T 88-1988, NY/T 87-1988, LY/T 1229-
1989, NY/T1121.7-2014, NY/T 1121.6-2006, NY/T 1121.2-2006, NY/T1121.8-2006, are as a result shown in
Tables 1 and 2.
The 10cm of table 1 imitates N, P, K and available N, P, K entirely
The 20cm of table 2 imitates N, P, K and available N, P, K entirely
Result of the test shows：
The soil of 0-10cm depths, interplanting mountain green soy bean, the organic matter spent in vain in the persimmon garden of French beans are carried respectively with respect to clear area
It is high by 7.34%, 5.40%；Interplanting is spent the full phosphorus of French beans, wing pod Cassia tora in vain and is respectively increased 38.75%, 60.27% with respect to clear area；Set
The full potassium planted in the persimmon garden of mountain green soy bean improves 10.74% with respect to clear area；Full nitrogen in the persimmon garden of French beans, quick-acting is spent in interplanting in vain
Nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus improve 21.13%, 31.33%, 102.24% with respect to clear area respectively；Interplant the speed in the persimmon garden of wing pod Cassia tora
Effect phosphorus improves 171.96% with respect to clear area.
The soil of 10-20cm depths, the organic matter that interplanting is spent in vain in the persimmon garden of French beans, wing pod Cassia tora is distinguished with respect to clear area
Improve 39.78%, 44.56%；The full nitrogen that interplanting is spent in vain in the persimmon garden of French beans improves 14.52%, available nitrogen, speed with respect to clear area
Effect nitrogen, available potassium are respectively increased 19.4%, 141.79%, 19.49% with respect to clear area；Interplant the speed in the persimmon garden of wing pod Cassia tora
Effect phosphorus improves 233.92% with respect to clear area.
Thus, the persimmon garden interplanting leguminous forage that the embodiment of the present invention 1~4 is provided can significantly improve the fertility of soil.
The fruit weight nutrition measuration of test example 2
Interplanting herbage, to moon persimmon collecting season, determines the Intercropping grass area of embodiment 1~4 and is herded without pulse family respectively after 1 year
Grass interplants the single yield of moon persimmon, total yield and the fruit matter of clear area.Each herbage variety cell randomly selects 10, is distinguished
Weigh and be designated as single moon persimmon weight, and moon persimmon sample censorship is carried out total acid, total reducing sugar, the soluble solid nutritive index of moon persimmon
Measure analysis, the nutritional quality change of comparative analysis month persimmon；The index determinings such as ash content, soluble solid, reduced sugar and tannin
Method is according to SB/T 10203-1994.
(1) single moon persimmon weight compares
After 1 year, GRASSES WITH DIFFERENT interplanting area, single moon persimmon weight comparative result shows interplanting herbage, wing pod Cassia tora interplanting area
The single weight of month persimmon is maximum, is 0.235 ± 0.02kg/ with control group and other group of significant difference (P≤0.05).
Table 3 interplant herbage after 1 year the moon the single weight of persimmon compare
(2) effect of the interplanting leguminous forage to moon persimmon quality
Interplanting wing pod Cassia tora month persimmon excellent quality control group and other groups, show as ash content, soluble solid and reduction
Sugared increase rate is maximum, and ash rate control improves 23.68%, and soluble solid improves 1.46%, moon persimmon reduced sugar raising
13.2%, mouthfeel and nutrient；Moon persimmon tannin content reduction by 12.20%, reduces amplitude maximum, illustrates interplanting wing pod Cassia tora compared to it
His group, farthest reduces moon persimmon acerbity, comprehensive to improve moon persimmon quality.
The interplanting herbage of table 4 moon persimmon quality preservation after a year
In sum, interplanting leguminous forage in persimmon garden provided in an embodiment of the present invention can significantly improve the fertility and fruit of soil
Quality.
Embodiments described above is a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Reality of the invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected implementation of the invention
Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, what those of ordinary skill in the art were obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Every other embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden, it is characterised in that it includes：It is 0.6-0.8 and persimmon in canopy density
Line-spacing for more than 3m persimmon garden in plant leguminous forage.
2. the method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the leguminous forage is to spend in vain
One kind in French beans, wing pod Cassia tora, mountain green soy bean or roundleaf telegraph plant.
3. the method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the leguminous forage is wing pod
Cassia or roundleaf telegraph plant.
4. the method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the leguminous forage is wing pod
Cassia.
5. the method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that a diameter of 10-15cm's
In cave, seed 6-10 of leguminous forage described in program request.
6. leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 1 method, it is characterised in that the leguminous forage cradles
Highly control is in 140-190cm.
7. the method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the plantation leguminous forage
Afterwards, organic fertilizer 15000-22500kg/hm is imposed after the leguminous forage is cradled every time2Or urea 75-150kg/hm2。
8. the method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that carried out to the persimmon every time
When topdressing, fertilizer is buried cave is dug at the persimmon stem center 0.8-1.2m, bury fertilizer is carried out before raining.
9. the method that leguminous forage is interplanted in persimmon garden according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before the plantation persimmon, institute
Shu Shi gardens base organic fertilizers 15000-22500kg/hm2, or composite fertilizer 150-225kg/hm2。
10. a kind of persimmon garden ecosystem, it is characterised in that it includes：The line-spacing that canopy density are 0.6-0.8 and persimmon for 3m with
Planted in Shang Shi gardens and be implanted with leguminous forage.
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| CN108617386A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of ecological cultivation pattern for mountainous region persimmon garden recreational tourism |
| CN109168515A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-11 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of mountainous region mango |
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| CN111990139A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 茶陵县老谭种养农民专业合作社 | Organic navel orange planting and cattle breeding method |
| CN112514719A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-19 | 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest |
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