CN106804282B - Method for interplanting leguminous forage in persimmon orchard and persimmon orchard ecological system - Google Patents
Method for interplanting leguminous forage in persimmon orchard and persimmon orchard ecological system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106804282B CN106804282B CN201710224357.1A CN201710224357A CN106804282B CN 106804282 B CN106804282 B CN 106804282B CN 201710224357 A CN201710224357 A CN 201710224357A CN 106804282 B CN106804282 B CN 106804282B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
A method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard and a persimmon orchard ecosystem relate to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method for interplanting leguminous forage in the persimmon orchard comprises the following steps: planting leguminous forage grass in a persimmon orchard with canopy density of 0.6-0.8 and row spacing of persimmon trees of more than 3 m. The method can remarkably improve the fertility of soil and the quality of fruits. Persimmon garden ecosystem includes: leguminous forage is planted in a persimmon orchard with canopy density of 0.6-0.8 and row spacing of persimmon trees of more than 3 m. The system can fully utilize natural resources, establish the persimmon orchard with low cost and biodiversity, protect the natural ecological environment and improve the agricultural ecological environment, realize the sustainable development of agricultural and animal husbandry, and has remarkable social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard and a persimmon orchard ecosystem.
Background
At the end of the 19 th century, interplanting management technology for fruit orchards appeared in the united states, and in the 40 th century, the technology was vigorously popularized with the progress and development of mowers and irrigation systems. The interplanting of pasture in fruit forest refers to an orchard soil management system for planting perennial or annual herbaceous plants in fruit tree rows or whole orchard (except tree disks) as cover, is an ecological cultivation mode for fertilizing the soil fertility of orchard and controlling water and soil loss of orchard, and is also a mode for managing orchard soil widely applied in the developed countries of fruit tree production abroad at present.
At present, in orchards in Europe, America and Japan, soil management mainly comprises sowing pasture grass for covering, and the orchard interplanting pasture grass accounts for more than 55-70% of the total area of the orchard. Interplanting of pasture in orchards has been widely studied and used in many countries and regions of the world. However, the research and application of interplanting pasture in fruit and grass in China starts late, at present, most of orchard soil cultivation management measures are not complete enough, and fruit and grass interplanting is still in a test and small-area application stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for interplanting leguminous forage grass in a persimmon orchard, which can improve the fertility of soil and can also improve the quality of fruits.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ecological system for a persimmon orchard, which can make full use of natural resources, build a persimmon orchard with low cost and biodiversity, protect the natural ecological environment, improve the agricultural ecological environment, realize sustainable development of agricultural and animal husbandry, and have significant social and ecological benefits.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard, which comprises the following steps: planting leguminous forage grass in a persimmon orchard with canopy density of 0.6-0.8 and row spacing of persimmon trees of more than 3 m.
The invention provides a persimmon orchard ecosystem, which comprises: leguminous forage is planted in a persimmon orchard with canopy density of 0.6-0.8 and row spacing of persimmon trees of more than 3 m.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
A method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard comprises planting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard with canopy density of 0.6-0.8 and row spacing of persimmon tree of more than 3 m. The leguminous plants are planted in the persimmon orchard, so that the fertility of soil and the quality of fruits in the persimmon orchard can be obviously improved. In addition, because the persimmon tree has a certain canopy density, the method can save time and improve the survival rate of the leguminous forage grass when the seed source is sufficient.
An ecological system for a persimmon orchard is prepared by planting leguminous forage grass in a persimmon orchard with canopy density of 0.6-0.8 and row spacing of persimmon trees of more than 3 m. The system is characterized in that: the fruit and grass are combined, the contradiction of the fruit and grass during land competition is solved, and the illumination, the water and fertilizer and the land resources are fully utilized; secondly, the method utilizes the grass planted in the orchard, the pasture has luxuriant stem and leaf and developed root system, can fix free nitrogen in the air, increase the nitrogen nutrition in the soil and the soil aggregate structure, improve the soil texture, improve the soil fertility, provide nitrogen fertilizer for fruit trees, reduce the dependence of the fruit trees on the chemical fertilizer, does not need to weed in the orchard, does not need to apply the chemical fertilizer, uses little or even does not need to spray the chemical fertilizer, not only preserves water sources, but also saves the production investment of the orchard; thirdly, the sustainable development of the agriculture and animal husbandry is realized, and the social and ecological benefits are obvious.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following provides a detailed description of a method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard and a persimmon orchard ecosystem, which are provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Before planting leguminous forage grass, land selection and land preparation are firstly carried out, the canopy density is 0.6-0.8, the persimmon orchard spacing between rows of persimmon trees is more than 3m, and the land with good water drainage is obtained.
Wherein the persimmon tree is cultivated by a small plow harrow or other devices with the persimmon tree root and stem as the center and outside the area with the radius of 0.8-1.2m without damaging the fruit tree; or directly using a hoe to cultivate and break. Cultivating 20-30cm deep, taking care that the stem of the persimmon tree is not suitable for deep cultivation, raking and leveling, and opening a drainage ditch with the depth of 38-42cm and the width of 48-52 cm. Wherein, the dry season is used for storing water and relieving drought; accumulated water can be drained in time in waterlogging seasons. Then applying base fertilizer, specifically applying organic fertilizer 15000-22500kg/hm 2Preferably, the amount of the organic fertilizer is 19000kg/hm 2Or 150-225kg/hm of compound fertilizer (ternary compound fertilizer: 15-15-15) 2(ii) a Preferably, the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 185kg/hm 2. The specific mode is as follows: can be uniformly scattered when the farmland is turned, and then covered by soil.
Then, the leguminous pasture is started Planting, namely sowing in a hole sowing mode. The hole sowing comprises hole opening, watering, sowing and soil covering in sequence; the row spacing is 28-32cm, the plant spacing is 18-22cm, the hole opening diameter is 10-15cm, watering is carried out, 6-10 seeds are dibbled in each hole, and the sowing depth is 2.5-6 cm. It should be noted that the optimal sowing time is 3 months to 6 months, and the sowing time in the southwest osmanthus region can be properly advanced compared with the sowing time in the northern osmanthus region. Preferably, the leguminous pasture is one of white hyacinth bean, cassia winged Cassia, swamp pea or dancing round leaf. More preferably, the legume is cassia alata or dancing grass. Most preferably, the legume is cassia pterocarpa. Wherein, when the leguminous forage is cassia alata, the sowing depth is preferably 4-6 cm. In other embodiments, the white hyacinth bean and the wild green soybean can be planted by drilling, after the planting, watering a proper amount, sowing, covering soil, watering is not needed when raining continuously, and the using amount of the white hyacinth bean seeds in drilling is 30-50kg/hm 2The using amount of the wild green soybean seeds is 12-18kg/hm 2。
As a preferred scheme, after leguminous pasture is planted, field management is carried out. Field management includes, but is not limited to, the following.
And (3) seedling supplementing: seedlings of the dancing groundsel, the young wild soyabean and the young winged cassia seed grow slowly, in order to achieve synchronous growth, seeds are not suitable for direct seedling supplement, and the seedlings can be thinned in a growing dense area after rain and transplanted to a seedling lacking position. The white hyacinth bean seedlings grow fast and can be replanted with seeds.
Removing weeds: leguminous forage grass is easily covered by weeds in the seedling stage, long grass needs to be removed in time by a small hoe, and the herbicide cannot be sprayed.
And (3) controlling diseases and insect pests of pasture: aiming at the diseases and insect pests of different pastures, appropriate chemical medicines with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period are selected for periodic control, and chicken flocks can also be bred in the pastures of the orchard to prey on insects after the seedling period, so that the balance is maintained.
Fruit tree pest control: the time and the method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests of the fruit trees keep the same standard as those of the time and the method when the pasture is not interplanted, and foliar fertilizer, antifungal pesticide and pest pesticide are regularly sprayed; in order to ensure the pesticide spraying effect, the pasture is mowed before spraying the pesticide for 3-5 days.
Pruning the fruit trees: after interplanting leguminous forage grass in the persimmon orchard, pruning according to a normal growth cycle to promote fruit production; in order to clean the pruned fruit branches out of the orchard in time, the pasture is cut before pruning.
Topdressing:
And (3) forage grass topdressing: additional application of organic fertilizer 15000-22500kg/hm after each cutting of pasture 2(ii) a Preferably, 20000kg/hm of organic fertilizer is applied 2(ii) a Or 75-150kg/hm of urea 2(ii) a Preferably, 100kg/hm of urea is selected 2。
Top dressing of fruit trees: the fruit trees are fertilized according to the management standard of the fruit trees without interplanting pasture, namely digging holes and burying fertilizer at the position 0.8-1.2m away from the center of the stem of the fruit trees. The fertilizer is buried before raining, so that the dissolution and the diffusion of the fertilizer are accelerated, and the damage to the pasture is reduced.
No-fertilizer during non-mowing period: the temperature in the non-cutting period is lower, the pasture grows slowly, no fertilizer is needed, and the auxiliary fertilizer supply can be realized after a large amount of withered and fallen leaves of fruit trees and pasture are retted in winter.
The invention also provides an optimal harvesting mode and an optimal utilization mode of the pasture:
1) Pasture cutting
On the premise of not influencing the growth of the persimmon trees, from the flowering period to the fruit harvesting period, the mowing height of the dancing euphorbia, the cassia tora and the wild green soybean is 140-160cm, and the remaining height is 40-50 cm; the long white hyacinth bean is cut into the vine with the length of 180-190cm and the remaining length of 30-50 cm. After the fruits are harvested and before the next round of flowering period, the mowing height can be increased by 10-20cm compared with that before the fruits are harvested, and the mowing length is kept unchanged. The mowing period can be properly shortened according to the growth condition and season of the pasture, the mowing period can be properly shortened within 5-10 months in the northern Guizhou area, and the mowing period can be prolonged to 11 months in the southern Guizhou area.
2) By using
Green feeding:
Directly used for feeding herbivorous animals such as cattle, sheep, rabbits, etc. after being mowed; when feeding, the feed is fed with leguminous forage, and accounts for 20-40% of fresh grass daily ration.
Sun-curing hay: after cutting, selecting sunny days to dry until the water content is 15-18%, and preparing into a bale for storage.
Cutting and powdering: cutting, sun drying, pulverizing into powder, and adding into daily ration.
Seed production: and (4) harvesting bean pods in batches when the bean pods of the leguminous forage grass are changed from green to black brown and the maturity reaches 70-80%. Drying bean pods, rolling with a tractor or manually beating with a stick to release seeds, and removing impurities. The seeds are dried in the sun and stored in a ventilated and dry place.
The invention also provides a persimmon orchard system, which comprises: leguminous forage is planted in a persimmon orchard with canopy density of 0.6-0.8 and row spacing of persimmon trees of more than 3 m.
Preferably, livestock is raised in the persimmon orchard system. For example, chicken flocks can be bred in orchard pasture after the seedling stage to prey on pests and maintain balance. Or in the later harvest period, cattle or sheep are put in the persimmon orchard, so that the forage grass can be used as forage grass for cattle and sheep, and the excrement of cattle and sheep can also be used as fertilizer. It should be noted that the stocking time of cattle and sheep is not suitable for a long time.
In areas with fruit planting resource advantages, high-yield and high-quality pasture is interplanted in an orchard, weeds can be inhibited from growing, and pasture can be harvested to serve as green feed for cattle, sheep, rabbits, geese, fishes and the like.
The system is characterized in that: the fruit and grass are combined, the contradiction of the fruit and grass during land competition is solved, and the illumination, the water and fertilizer and the land resources are fully utilized; the existing land resources are fully utilized to solve the feed problem, and the cultivation cost is reduced; secondly, pasture is interplanted in the orchard, the pasture has luxuriant stems and leaves and developed root systems, free nitrogen in the air can be fixed, the nitrogen nutrition in the soil and the soil aggregate structure are increased, the soil texture is improved, the soil fertility is improved, nitrogen fertilizer is provided for fruit trees, the dependence of the fruit trees on the chemical fertilizer is reduced, the orchard does not need to weed, the chemical fertilizer does not need to be applied, the use is less, even the pesticide does not need to be sprayed, the water source is conserved, and the orchard production investment is saved; thirdly, the orchard has few diseases and pests, and achieves the ecological benign development effect of good grass, excellent fruit and good benefit. Can well protect the natural ecological environment and improve the agricultural ecological environment, realizes the sustainable development of the agricultural animal husbandry, and has remarkable social and ecological benefits.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard, wherein the leguminous forage is white hyacinth beans, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. Land selection
Selecting a persimmon orchard with the age of 5 years and the canopy density of 0.6, and planting on land with good drainage.
2. Soil preparation
Under the premise of not damaging fruit trees, a small-sized plow harrow is used for carrying out the cultivation outside the area with the radius of 0.8m and taking the roots and stems of the fruit trees as the center. The cultivation depth is 40cm, the part near the stem is not suitable for deep cultivation, the harrowing is carried out smoothly, a drainage ditch is formed, the depth of the drainage ditch is 40cm, and the width of the drainage ditch is 50 cm.
3. Base fertilizer
Organic fertilizer 20000kg/hm 2The soil can be uniformly scattered when the farmland is turned, and then the farmland is covered with the soil.
4. Leguminous forage grass planting method
The planting method comprises the following steps:
Sowing in a hole sowing mode, wherein the row spacing is 28cm, the plant spacing is 18cm, the hole opening diameter is 10cm, watering is carried out, 6 seeds are dibbled in each hole, soil is covered, and the sowing depth is 2.5 cm.
5. Management of field
1) And (3) seedling supplementing: the white hyacinth bean seedlings grow fast and can be replanted with seeds.
2) Weeding
The leguminous seedlings are easily covered by weeds, the long weeds are required to be removed in time by using a small hoe, and the herbicide cannot be sprayed.
3) Pest control
And (3) controlling diseases and insect pests of pasture: aiming at the diseases and insect pests of different pastures, appropriate chemical medicines with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period are selected for periodic control, and chicken flocks can also be bred in the pastures of the orchard to prey on insects after the seedling period, so that the balance is maintained.
Fruit tree pest control: the time and the method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests of the fruit trees keep the same standard as those of the time and the method when the pasture is not interplanted, and foliar fertilizer, antifungal pesticide and pest pesticide are regularly sprayed; in order to ensure the pesticide spraying effect, the pasture is mowed before spraying the pesticide for 4 days.
4) Fruit tree pruning
After interplanting forage grass in the persimmon orchard, pruning according to a normal growth cycle to promote fruit production; in order to clean the pruned fruit branches out of the orchard in time, the pasture is cut before pruning.
5) Topdressing
And (3) forage grass topdressing: applying 18000kg/hm of organic fertilizer after cutting pasture each time 2。
Top dressing of fruit trees: and (4) fertilizing the fruit trees according to the management standard of the fruit trees without interplanting pasture, namely digging holes at a position 1m away from the center of the stems and burying fertilizer. The fertilizer is buried before raining, so that the dissolution and the diffusion of the fertilizer are accelerated, and the damage to the pasture is reduced.
No-fertilizer during non-mowing period: the temperature in the non-cutting period is lower, the pasture grows slowly, no fertilizer is needed, and the auxiliary fertilizer supply can be realized after a large amount of withered and fallen leaves of fruit trees and pasture are retted in winter.
The embodiment provides a persimmon orchard ecosystem, which is obtained by the method.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard, wherein the leguminous forage is wild green beans, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. Land selection
A persimmon orchard with the age of 9 years, the canopy density of 0.8 and the row spacing of persimmon trees of 3.5m is selected and planted on land with good drainage.
2. Soil preparation
Under the premise of not damaging fruit trees, a small-sized plow harrow is used for carrying out the cultivation outside the area with the radius of 1.2m and taking the roots and stems of the fruit trees as the center. The cultivation depth is 20cm, the part near the stem is not suitable for deep cultivation, the stem is raked and leveled, and a drainage ditch is formed, wherein the depth of the drainage ditch is 42cm, and the width of the drainage ditch is 52 cm.
3. Base fertilizer
22500kg/hm of organic fertilizer 2The soil can be uniformly scattered when the farmland is turned, and then the farmland is covered with the soil.
4. Leguminous forage grass planting method
The planting method comprises the following steps:
Sowing in a hole sowing mode, wherein the row spacing is 32cm, the plant spacing is 22cm, the hole opening diameter is 15cm, watering is carried out, 10 seeds are dibbled in each hole, soil is covered, and the sowing depth is 6 cm.
5. Management of field
1) The young seedlings of the young wild soyabean grow slowly, and in order to synchronize the growth, the seeds are not suitable for direct seedling supplement, and the young wild soyabean can be thinned in a growth intensive area after rain and transplanted to a seedling lacking position.
2) Weeding
The leguminous seedlings are easily covered by weeds, the long weeds are required to be removed in time by using a small hoe, and the herbicide cannot be sprayed.
3) Pest control
And (3) controlling diseases and insect pests of pasture: aiming at the diseases and insect pests of different pastures, appropriate chemical medicines with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period are selected for periodic control, and chicken flocks can also be bred in the pastures of the orchard to prey on insects after the seedling period, so that the balance is maintained.
Fruit tree pest control: the time and the method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests of the fruit trees keep the same standard as those of the time and the method when the pasture is not interplanted, and foliar fertilizer, antifungal pesticide and pest pesticide are regularly sprayed; in order to ensure the pesticide spraying effect, the pasture is firstly mowed 5 days before spraying the pesticide.
4) Fruit tree pruning
After interplanting forage grass in the persimmon orchard, pruning according to a normal growth cycle to promote fruit production; in order to clean the pruned fruit branches out of the orchard in time, the pasture is cut before pruning.
5) Topdressing
And (3) forage grass topdressing: 22500kg/hm of organic fertilizer is applied after each cutting of pasture 2。
Top dressing of fruit trees: and (4) fertilizing the fruit trees according to the management standard of the fruit trees without interplanting pasture, namely digging holes at a position 1m away from the center of the stems and burying fertilizer. The fertilizer is buried before raining, so that the dissolution and the diffusion of the fertilizer are accelerated, and the damage to the pasture is reduced.
No-fertilizer during non-mowing period: the temperature in the non-cutting period is lower, the pasture grows slowly, no fertilizer is needed, and the auxiliary fertilizer supply can be realized after a large amount of withered and fallen leaves of fruit trees and pasture are retted in winter.
The embodiment provides a persimmon orchard ecosystem, which is obtained by the method.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard, wherein the leguminous forage is the ballet, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. Land selection
Selecting land with age of 5 years and canopy density of 0.7 under persimmon orchard, wherein the row spacing of persimmon trees is 3m, and planting on the land with good drainage.
2. Soil preparation
Under the premise of not damaging fruit trees, a small-sized plow harrow is used for carrying out the cultivation outside the area with the radius of 0.8m and taking the roots and stems of the fruit trees as the center. The cultivation depth is 20cm, the part near the stem is not suitable for deep cultivation, the stem is raked and leveled, and a drainage ditch is formed, wherein the depth of the drainage ditch is 38cm, and the width of the drainage ditch is 48 cm.
3. Base fertilizer
Organic fertilizer 15000kg/hm 2The soil can be uniformly scattered when the farmland is turned, and then the farmland is covered with the soil.
4. Leguminous forage grass planting method
The planting method comprises the following steps:
Sowing in a hole sowing mode, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the hole opening diameter is 12cm, watering is carried out, 8 seeds are sowed in each hole, soil is covered, and the sowing depth is 4 cm.
5. Management of field
1) Seedling supplement
The seedlings of the dancing euphorbia herb grow slowly, in order to achieve synchronous growth, the seeds are not suitable for direct seedling supplement, and the seedlings can be thinned in a growing dense area after rain and transplanted to a seedling lacking position.
2) Weeding
The leguminous seedlings are easily covered by weeds, the long weeds are required to be removed in time by using a small hoe, and the herbicide cannot be sprayed.
3) Pest control
And (3) controlling diseases and insect pests of pasture: aiming at the diseases and insect pests of different pastures, appropriate chemical medicines with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period are selected for periodic control, and chicken flocks can also be bred in the pastures of the orchard to prey on insects after the seedling period, so that the balance is maintained.
Fruit tree pest control: the time and the method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests of the fruit trees keep the same standard as those of the time and the method when the pasture is not interplanted, and foliar fertilizer, antifungal pesticide and pest pesticide are regularly sprayed; in order to ensure the pesticide spraying effect, the pasture is firstly mowed before spraying the pesticide for 3 days.
4) Fruit tree pruning
After interplanting forage grass in the persimmon orchard, pruning according to a normal growth cycle to promote fruit production; in order to clean the pruned fruit branches out of the orchard in time, the pasture is cut before pruning.
5) Topdressing
And (3) forage grass topdressing: applying 15000kg/hm of organic fertilizer after cutting pasture each time 2。
Top dressing of fruit trees: and (4) fertilizing the fruit trees according to the management standard of the fruit trees without interplanting pasture, namely digging holes at a position 0.8m away from the center of the stems and burying fertilizer. The fertilizer is buried before raining, so that the dissolution and the diffusion of the fertilizer are accelerated, and the damage to the pasture is reduced.
No-fertilizer during non-mowing period: the temperature in the non-cutting period is lower, the pasture grows slowly, no fertilizer is needed, and the auxiliary fertilizer supply can be realized after a large amount of withered and fallen leaves of fruit trees and pasture are retted in winter.
The embodiment provides a persimmon orchard ecosystem, which is obtained by the method.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard, wherein the leguminous forage is cassia wingpod, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. Land selection
Selecting a persimmon orchard with the age of 5 years and the canopy density of 0.6, and planting on land with good drainage.
2. Soil preparation
Under the premise of not damaging fruit trees, a small-sized plow harrow is used for carrying out the cultivation outside the area with the radius of 0.8m and taking the roots and stems of the fruit trees as the center. The cultivation depth is 40cm, the part near the stem is not suitable for deep cultivation, the harrowing is carried out smoothly, a drainage ditch is formed, the depth of the drainage ditch is 40cm, and the width of the drainage ditch is 50 cm.
3. Base fertilizer
Organic fertilizer 20000kg/hm 2The soil can be uniformly scattered when the farmland is turned, and then the farmland is covered with the soil.
4. Leguminous forage grass planting method
The planting method comprises the following steps:
Sowing in a hole sowing mode, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, the hole opening diameter is 12cm, watering is carried out, 8 seeds are sowed in each hole, soil is covered, and the sowing depth is 4 cm.
5. Management of field
1) The seedlings of the Cassia alata grow slowly, and in order to synchronize the growth, the seeds are not suitable to be directly used for supplementing the seedlings, and the seedlings can be thinned in a growing dense area after rain and transplanted to a seedling lacking position.
2) Weeding
The leguminous seedlings are easily covered by weeds, the long weeds are required to be removed in time by using a small hoe, and the herbicide cannot be sprayed.
3) Pest control
And (3) controlling diseases and insect pests of pasture: aiming at the diseases and insect pests of different pastures, appropriate chemical medicines with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period are selected for periodic control, and chicken flocks can also be bred in the pastures of the orchard to prey on insects after the seedling period, so that the balance is maintained.
Fruit tree pest control: the time and the method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests of the fruit trees keep the same standard as those of the time and the method when the pasture is not interplanted, and foliar fertilizer, antifungal pesticide and pest pesticide are regularly sprayed; in order to ensure the pesticide spraying effect, the pasture is mowed before spraying the pesticide for 4 days.
4) Fruit tree pruning
After interplanting forage grass in the persimmon orchard, pruning according to a normal growth cycle to promote fruit production; in order to clean the pruned fruit branches out of the orchard in time, the pasture is cut before pruning.
5) Topdressing
And (3) forage grass topdressing: applying 18000kg/hm of organic fertilizer after cutting pasture each time 2。
Top dressing of fruit trees: and (4) fertilizing the fruit trees according to the management standard of the fruit trees without interplanting pasture, namely digging holes at a position 1m away from the center of the stems and burying fertilizer. The fertilizer is buried before raining, so that the dissolution and the diffusion of the fertilizer are accelerated, and the damage to the pasture is reduced.
No-fertilizer during non-mowing period: the temperature in the non-cutting period is lower, the pasture grows slowly, no fertilizer is needed, and the auxiliary fertilizer supply can be realized after a large amount of withered and fallen leaves of fruit trees and pasture are retted in winter.
The embodiment provides a persimmon orchard ecosystem, which is obtained by the method.
Test example 1 determination of soil fertility
After pasture is interplanted for one year, 3 points are randomly selected in pasture interplanting areas and non-leguminous pasture interplanting blank areas in examples 1-4, soil samples with equal mass are collected at the depth of 10 cm and 20cm, and after the soil samples are uniformly mixed, indexes of total-effect nitrogen, total-effect phosphorus, total-effect potassium, quick-effect nitrogen, quick-effect phosphorus, quick-effect potassium, organic matters, pH values and effective boron which reflect soil fertility are respectively measured, and the influence of the interplanted leguminous pasture in an orchard on the soil fertility is compared and analyzed.
the full-effect nitrogen, full-effect phosphorus, full-effect potassium, quick-effect nitrogen, quick-effect phosphorus, quick-effect potassium, organic matters, pH values and effective boron index determination methods are respectively according to NY/T1121.6-2006, NY/T53-1987, NY/T88-1988, NY/T87-1988, L Y/T1229-1989, NY/T1121.7-2014, NY/T1121.6-2006, NY/T1121.2-2006 and NY/T1121.8-2006, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
TABLE 110 cm Total N, P, K and Rapid onset N, P, K
TABLE 220 cm FULL-EFFECT N, P, K AND QUICK-EFFECT N, P, K
The test results show that:
The organic matters in the soil in the depth of 0-10cm and in the persimmon orchard interplanted with the broad beans and the white hyacinth beans are respectively improved by 7.34% and 5.40% relative to the blank area; the total phosphorus of the interplanted white hyacinth bean and the wing pod cassia seed is respectively increased by 38.75 percent and 60.27 percent relative to the blank area; the total potassium in the persimmon orchard interplanted with the young broad beans is increased by 10.74 percent relative to the blank area; the total nitrogen, the quick-acting nitrogen and the quick-acting phosphorus in the persimmon orchard interplanted with the white hyacinth beans are respectively increased by 21.13%, 31.33% and 102.24% relative to the blank area; the quick-acting phosphorus in the persimmon orchard for interplanting the cassia wingnut is increased by 171.96 percent compared with that in the blank area.
The organic matters in the persimmon orchard interplanted with the white hyacinth beans and the cassia wingless shells are respectively increased by 39.78 percent and 44.56 percent relative to the blank area in the soil with the depth of 10-20 cm; the total nitrogen in the persimmon orchard interplanted with the white hyacinth beans is improved by 14.52 percent relative to the blank area, and the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting nitrogen and the quick-acting potassium are respectively improved by 19.4 percent, 141.79 percent and 19.49 percent relative to the blank area; the quick-acting phosphorus in the persimmon orchard for interplanting the cassia wingnut is increased by 233.92 percent compared with that in the blank area.
Therefore, the persimmon orchard interplanted with leguminous forage provided by the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention can obviously improve the fertility of soil.
Test example 2 fruit weight Nutrition determination
After one year of interplanted forage grass, the yield, total yield and fruit quality of the persimmons in the interplanted area of the forage grass and the non-interplanted blank area of the non-leguminous forage grass in examples 1 to 4 were respectively measured by the season in which the persimmons were harvested. Randomly selecting 10 grass variety cells, weighing and recording the grass variety cells as the weight of a single persimmon month, inspecting a persimmon sample, measuring and analyzing the nutritional indexes of total acid, total sugar and soluble solid of the persimmon month, and comparing and analyzing the nutritional quality change of the persimmon month; the indexes of ash, soluble solid, reducing sugar and tannin are measured according to SB/T10203-1994.
(1) Comparison of persimmon weight per month
After pasture is interplanted for one year, the comparison result of the weight of the persimmons in the single month in different pasture interplanting areas shows that the single weight of the persimmons in the wing pod cassia tora interplanting area is the largest, and the difference with a control group and other groups is significant (P is less than or equal to 0.05), and is 0.235 +/-0.02 kg/one.
TABLE 3 weight comparison of persimmon individually interplanted one year after pasture
(2) Effect of interplanted leguminous forage on quality of persimmons
The control group and other groups with excellent quality of the intercropped cassia winged fruit persimmons show that the improvement range of ash content, soluble solid content and reducing sugar is maximum, the comparison of the ash content is improved by 23.68%, the soluble solid content is improved by 1.46%, the reducing sugar of the persimmons is improved by 13.2%, and the taste and nutrients are improved; the tannin content of the persimmons is reduced by 12.20 percent, the reduction range is the largest, and compared with other groups, the interplanting of the cassia wingnuts reduces the astringent degree of the persimmons to the maximum extent and comprehensively improves the quality of the persimmons.
TABLE 4 comparison of persimmon quality after one year of grass interplanting
In conclusion, the persimmon orchard interplanted with leguminous forage provided by the embodiment of the invention can obviously improve the fertility of soil and the quality of fruits.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for interplanting leguminous forage in a persimmon orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Before planting, firstly selecting land and preparing land, wherein the canopy density is 0.6-0.8, the row spacing of persimmon trees is more than 3m, and the land has good water drainage;
Under the premise of not damaging fruit trees, a small-sized plow harrow or other devices are used for carrying out cultivation outside the area with the radius of 0.8-1.2m by taking the stem of the persimmon tree as the center, or a hoe can be directly used for carrying out cultivation and smashing, the cultivation depth is 20-30cm, attention is paid to the fact that the position near the stem of the persimmon tree is not easy to deeply plough, the plow harrow is broken and leveled, a drainage ditch is formed, the depth of the drainage ditch is 38-42cm, the width of the ditch is 48-52cm, then base fertilizer is applied, and the amount of the organic fertilizer is 15000-22500kg/hm 2Or the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 150-225kg/hm 2When the farmland is turned, the soil can be uniformly scattered and then covered by the soil;
Then, planting leguminous forage, and sowing by adopting a hole sowing mode, wherein the hole sowing comprises hole opening, watering, sowing and soil covering in sequence, the row spacing is 28-32cm, the plant spacing is 18-22cm, the hole opening diameter is 10-15cm, watering is carried out, seeds are sown in each hole in a dibble mode, and the sowing depth is 2.5-6 cm;
The cutting height of the leguminous forage is controlled to be 140-190 cm;
After the leguminous forage is planted, organic fertilizer 15000-22500kg/hm is applied after cutting the leguminous forage each time 2Or 75-150kg/hm of urea 2；
Digging a hole at a position 0.8-1.2m away from the center of the stem of the persimmon tree to bury fertilizer every time the persimmon tree is topdressed, wherein the fertilizer burying is carried out before raining;
Wherein the pasture of Leguminosae is Cassia alata L.
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| CN109197310A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-15 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of mountainous region mango |
| CN109197477A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A method of interplanting mountain green soy bean and drawing crotons improve citrus orchard ecological environment |
| CN111990139A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 茶陵县老谭种养农民专业合作社 | Organic navel orange planting and cattle breeding method |
| CN112514719A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-19 | 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest |
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