CN114303854B - Breeding method of alfalfa seeds in high-precipitation areas - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding alfalfa seeds in a high-precipitation area, and belongs to the technical field of crop breeding. According to the method, the influence of different sowing line distances and cutting treatment on the yield and quality of the alfalfa seeds is contrastively analyzed, technical means such as land management, seedling cultivation, fertilization and irrigation, auxiliary pollination, comprehensive pest and disease damage prevention, seed harvesting, cleaning and storage are combined, the alfalfa seeds can be well assisted for growth in each stage of growth, and the alfalfa seed high-yield field comprehensive management technology suitable for popularization and application in areas with high precipitation is explored and obtained by measuring seed yield, yield composition factors and quality indexes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding alfalfa seeds in a high-precipitation area.
Background
Alfalfa is one of important pasture plants in China, and the planting area always ranks the head of various pasture plants. However, at present, the yield and seed supply of alfalfa hay can not meet the requirements of animal husbandry, and a large amount of high-quality alfalfa hay and seeds are imported from foreign countries every year to meet the production requirements. The inner Mongolia area is one of three major alfalfa production areas in China, the red peak area is the inner Mongolia alfalfa production area, the alfalfa production base with the largest global concentrated connected area is provided, the grass yield is the first of China, most of the planted varieties are mainly imported varieties, the seed supply amount of the locally planted alfalfa varieties cannot meet the production requirement, existing seed production enterprises mainly adopt sporadic planting, wide variety thin harvest and extensive management, and the large-scale local stress-resistant excellent variety production base is lacked.
The production of alfalfa seeds is greatly influenced by regional conditions, and annual sunshine hours and rainfall are main factors influencing the yield of the alfalfa seeds. Annual sunshine hours are positively correlated with seed yield, while annual rainfall is negatively correlated with seed yield. Generally, the annual rainfall is 200-400 mm, which is suitable for alfalfa seed fields. In the red-peak area, the annual rainfall is generally 350-450 mm, alfalfa enters the full-bloom stage in the middle of 6 months every year, 7 months is the key stage of seed development, but the summer heat is being driven up in the same period, the high-temperature and high-humidity climate seriously influences insect pollination, so that the pollination rate of alfalfa florets is influenced, and in the climate, new branches are easily grown in the reproductive growth period of the alfalfa, so that the density of the branches in the field is high, the lodging phenomenon is easily generated, the conditions such as pod light and wind are shielded, and the yield and the quality of seeds are influenced. Therefore, the alfalfa seed production technology suitable for being planted in high-precipitation areas such as the Chifeng area needs to be researched, so that the market demand is met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention aims to provide a method for breeding alfalfa seeds in high-precipitation areas, which can improve the yield and quality of the alfalfa seeds by controlling the sowing line spacing and the cutting processing period.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a breeding method of alfalfa seeds in a high-rainfall region, which comprises the following steps: sowing the alfalfa according to the row spacing of 50-65 cm; and (3) cutting a crop of alfalfa in the bud period from the second year after sowing, wherein the height of the cut crop left in each cutting is 8-12 cm.
Preferably, the alfalfa seeds with the storage time of 2-3 years are selected as planting seeds, the purity of the seeds is not lower than 95.0%, the germination rate is not lower than 90.0%, and the water content is not higher than 10.0%.
Preferably, the sowing quantity of the alfalfa is 5-7 kg/hm 2 。
Preferably, deep plowing is carried out before sowing the alfalfa, and the deep plowing depth is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, the sowing depth is 1-2 cm, the thickness of the covering soil is 1-2 cm, and the pressing is performed for 1-2 times.
Preferably, the irrigation mode after sowing the alfalfa is as follows: irrigating once before blooming in the current year, and irrigating once after mowing and before blooming in the bud period in the next year.
Preferably, the moistening depth of the irrigation soil before blooming is 30-45 cm, and the moistening depth of the irrigation soil after cutting in the bud period is 5-15 cm.
Preferably, the boric fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the bud stage and the initial flowering stage of the second year of sowing, and the fertilizing concentration is 0.04-0.12%.
Preferably, the density of the alfalfa seed field is more than 9-12 plants/m 2 Thinning out branches is carried out in time.
Preferably, the seeds are harvested without mowing in the first year of sowing, and 60-70% of the pods turn yellow brown every year from the second year of sowing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a breeding method of alfalfa seeds in a high-precipitation area, which intervenes the growing period of alfalfa by cutting, delays the flowering period of alfalfa, realizes the matching of the flowering period and the active period of pollinating insects, avoids the conflict between rainy seasons and the mature period of seeds, and effectively improves the seed yield. Meanwhile, the sowing density is regulated and controlled by controlling the sowing row spacing, and the conditions of light, wind and the like suitable for the pods are ensured, so that the yield and the quality of the alfalfa seeds are effectively improved, and the seed yield can be improved by over 25 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a breeding method of alfalfa seeds in a high-rainfall region, which comprises the following steps: sowing the alfalfa according to the row spacing of 50-65 cm; and (3) cutting a crop of alfalfa in the bud period from the second year after sowing, wherein the height of the cut crop left in each cutting is 8-12 cm.
The high rainfall region is a region with annual rainfall of 350-450 mm, the rain and heat period of the region is the same, and the rain period is 6-7 months. The area is preferably the inner Mongolia red peak area.
According to the method, the flowering phase of the alfalfa is delayed by controlling the cutting time and the stubble height, the matching of the flowering phase and the active phase of pollination insects is realized, the conflict between the rainy season and the seed maturation phase is avoided, the growth of new branches of the alfalfa is avoided, the nutrient supply of the seed maturation phase is ensured, and the seed yield is effectively improved. If the mowing time is slightly late and the stubble height is low, seeds are likely not to be collected, and if one stubble is not cut, the flowering phase conflicts with the rainy season, so that the seeds are likely not to be collected. Preferably, the height of the mowing stubble in the invention is 9-11 cm, and more preferably 10cm.
The invention controls the seeding density by controlling the seeding row spacing, ensures the conditions of light, wind and the like suitable for the pods, and thus effectively improves the yield and the quality of the seeds. Preferably, the sowing row spacing of the alfalfa is 50-65 cm, more preferably 58-62 cm, and even more preferably 60cm.
The whole process of the method for breeding the alfalfa seeds in the high precipitation area comprises the following steps: seed selection, soil preparation, sowing, irrigation, cutting, foliar fertilizer application, auxiliary pollination, branch thinning, harvesting and pest control in the whole growth period.
The alfalfa seeds with the storage time of 2-3 years are selected as planting seeds, the purity of the seeds is not lower than 95.0%, the germination rate is not lower than 90.0%, and the water content is not higher than 10.0%. The invention selects the seed cleanliness and the germination rate to be matched with the set seeding row spacing and the seeding quantity, and can accurately ensure the density of the seed field. The invention selects high-quality alfalfa seeds, and can effectively improve the emergence rate and the survival rate of the alfalfa. The alfalfa seeds of the present invention may be purchased from commercially available seeds.
The invention selects a land with flat terrain for deep ploughing one week before sowing, and the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, preferably 26-28 cm. The invention can rotate, water and press after deep ploughing, to ensure the surface of earth to be flat, the soil to be moist, the particles to be fine and the permeability to be good. The method can promote the full development of the roots of the alfalfa through fine soil preparation, so that the roots of the alfalfa are developed and deeply buried in the soil.
The selected alfalfa seeds are sown, and the sowing mode is preferably drill sowing. The alfalfa seeding row spacing is 50-65 cm, the seeding depth is 1-2 cm, the soil covering thickness is 1-2 cm, and the soil is pressed for 1-2 times. The sowing time is preferably 6 days in the middle of the month, and a proper amount of base fertilizer is applied at the same time when sowing. As an optional implementation mode, the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 80-110 kg/hm 2 。
The sowing quantity of the alfalfa is 5-7 kg/hm 2 Preferably 5.5 to 6.5kg/hm 2 More preferably 6kg/hm 2 . The actual seeding rate is obtained by calculating the theoretical seeding rate, and the calculating mode is as follows: actual seeding rate = theoretical seeding rate/germination rate/purity of seeds. The theoretical seeding rate is determined according to the seeding row spacing.
The invention irrigates after seeding, and the irrigation mode is as follows: the seeding is irrigated once before blooming in the current year, and is irrigated once after being mown and before blooming in the bud period every year after the second year of seeding. The wetting depth of the irrigated soil before each blooming is 30-45 cm, preferably 38-42 cm, and more preferably 40cm; the wetting depth of the irrigated soil after each cutting in the bud period is 5-15 cm, preferably 8-13 cm, and more preferably 10-11 cm.
The invention does not mow in the first year of sowing, and mows a stubble in the bud stage of the alfalfa every year from the second year of sowing, wherein the height of the stubble is 9-11 cm, preferably 10cm.
The method comprises the steps of spraying boron fertilizer to promote the development of alfalfa florets and the formation of seeds respectively in the bud period and the initial flowering period of the alfalfa from the second year of sowing, wherein the boron fertilizer is a foliar fertilizer, the fertilizing concentration of the boron fertilizer is 0.04-0.12%, preferably 0.06-0.10%, more preferably 0.08-0.09%, and each hm is 2 750-1000 kg of boron fertilizer solution is sprayed. As an optional implementation mode, the method selects a sunny, windless and rainy day in the bud stage and the early flowering stage of the alfalfa, and the boric fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the morning (before 9 am) or in the evening (after 5 am). According to the invention, 0.15-0.3 g of neutral washing powder is added into 1kg of boric fertilizer, so that the adsorbability of the liquid fertilizer on leaf surfaces is increased, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
The invention carries out supplementary pollination in the early flowering phase of alfalfa. As an alternative embodiment, the invention utilizes the cut-leaf wasps to carry out supplementary pollination, and can ensure higher pollination rate.
The invention concerns the density of alfalfa seed field in time, when the density of alfalfa seed field exceeds 9-12 plants/m 2 When necessary, thinning should be carried out, preferably 10-11 strains/m 2 . The invention ensures the nutrient supply of the seeds in the mature period and ensures the yield and quality of the seeds by timely thinning branches.
The invention carries out pest control on alfalfa in the whole growth period, and as an optional implementation mode, the invention carries out thrips control in spring every year and controls meadow moth and aphid before the bud stage.
The invention does not harvest in the first year of sowing, and can harvest when 60-70% of pods turn into yellow brown from the second year of sowing, namely when 2/3 or 3/4 of pods are mature. As an alternative, the seed harvesting may be manual or mechanical.
The invention carries out airing and threshing treatment on the harvested alfalfa seeds, and as an optional implementation mode, the invention firstly aires the alfalfa seeds for 2-3 days, and when the water content of the pods reaches 20%, carries out threshing treatment. The present invention is not limited to a specific threshing method.
The invention cleans the seeds obtained by threshing, as an optional implementation mode, the seed cleaning is to perform air separation, impurity removal, screening and airing on the threshed seeds, and the airing thickness is not more than 5cm, so that the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 10%.
The invention stores the cleaned seeds, as an optional implementation mode, the seeds are stored in an environment at 4 ℃, and the seeds are kept ventilated and dry indoors during storage, are moisture-proof and waterproof, and are prevented from being damaged by rats, sparrows, insects and the like.
On the basis of controlling the sowing row spacing and the cutting treatment mode, the method combines technical means such as land management, seedling cultivation, fertilization and irrigation, supplementary pollination, comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests, seed harvesting, cleaning, storage and the like, can perform good growth assistance on plants at each stage of growth, and explores and obtains the field comprehensive management technology suitable for high-yield alfalfa seeds in high-precipitation areas by measuring seed yield composition factors and quality indexes.
The alfalfa can be any variety, and is preferably Ao Han alfalfa.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for breeding alfalfa seeds in high-precipitation areas (akange areas) comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: the Aohan alfalfa seeds stored for 2 years are selected as planting seeds, the purity of the seeds is 96.0 percent, the germination rate is 92.0 percent, and the water content is 8.0 percent.
(2) Land preparation: and selecting a land block with flat terrain one week before sowing, deeply ploughing to a ploughing depth of 28cm, and then rotating the land, watering and compacting to ensure flat ground surface, moist soil, fine particles and good permeability.
(3) Sowing: adopting drill seeding, the seeding row spacing is 60cm, and the theoretical seeding quantity is 6kg/hm 2 The actual seeding rate is 6.79kg/hm 2 Sowing depth of 2cm, covering soil thickness of 2cm, compacting for 2 times, sowing time of 2014, 6 months and 18 days, and applying 45kg/hm during sowing 2 N fertilizer (97 kg/hm) 2 Urea, nitrogen content 46.4%), 30kg/hm 2 P fertilizer (250 kg/hm) 2 Calcium superphosphate with phosphorus content of 12%) and 30kg/hm 2 K fertilizer (59 kg/hm) 2 Potassium sulfate with the potassium content of 51%) is used as a base fertilizer.
(4) Irrigation: the seeds are irrigated once before blooming in the current year, and the soil wetting depth is 30cm after irrigation. And (5) irrigating once respectively in the bud period and before blooming next year after sowing. After irrigation, the soil wetting depth needs to reach 10cm and 30cm.
(5) And (3) mowing: cutting a stubble at the bud period of Aohan alfalfa 5-20 days in 2015, wherein the height of the stubble is 10cm.
(6) Shi Pengfei: in the bud stage and the early flowering stage of Aohan alfalfa in 2015 at 6-month and 20-7-month and 1-day, selecting sunny, windless and rainy days, and spraying 0.08% boron fertilizer (5.3 kg/hm) on leaf surfaces in the morning (before 9 am) or in the evening (after 5 am) 2 Borax, boron content 11.34%), liquid fertilizer content 750kg/hm 2 0.2g of neutral washing powder is added into every 1kg of liquid fertilizer.
(7) And (3) supplementary pollination: and in the initial flowering period of the alfalfa, performing supplementary pollination by using the leaf cutting bees.
(8) Pest control and branch thinning: thrips prevention and control are carried out in spring every year, and meadow moth and aphid are prevented and controlled before the bud stage. And when the density of the alfalfa seed field exceeds 10 plants/m 2 The branches should be thinned.
(9) Harvesting: harvested at 2015, 9, 15 days, when 70% of the pods became yellow brown, the height of the stubble was 10cm.
(10) Seed treatment and storage: after harvesting the seeds, firstly airing for 3 days, and when the water content of the pods reaches 20 percent, carrying out threshing treatment; threshing the seeds, and then carrying out air separation, impurity removal, screening and air drying, wherein the air drying thickness is not more than 5cm, so that the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 10%; storing the seeds in 4 deg.C environment, keeping indoor ventilation and drying, and preventing moisture and water, and preventing damage of mouse, sparrow, and insect.
Example 2
(1) Seed selection: the Aohan alfalfa seeds stored for 2 years are selected as planting seeds, the purity of the seeds is 96.0 percent, the germination rate is 92.0 percent, and the water content is 8.0 percent.
(2) Land preparation: and selecting a land block with flat terrain one week before sowing, deeply ploughing to a ploughing depth of 27cm, and then rotating the land, watering and compacting to ensure flat ground surface, moist soil, fine particles and good permeability.
(3) Sowing: adopting drill seeding, the seeding row spacing is 60cm, and the actual seeding quantity is 6.79kg/hm 2 Sowing depth of 1cm, covering soil thickness of 1cm, compacting for 2 times, sowing time of 2014, 6 months and 15 days, and applying 45kg/hm during sowing 2 N fertilizer (97 kg/hm) 2 Urea, nitrogen content 46.4%), 30kg/hm 2 P fertilizer (250 kg/hm) 2 Calcium superphosphate with phosphorus content of 12%) and 30kg/hm 2 K fertilizer (59 kg/hm) 2 Potassium sulfate, with the potassium content of 51 percent) is used as a base fertilizer.
(4) Irrigation: the seeds are irrigated once before blooming in the current year, and the soil wetting depth is 35cm after irrigation. And (5) irrigating once respectively in the bud period and before blooming next year after sowing. After irrigation, the soil wetting depth needs to reach 10cm and 35cm.
(5) And (4) mowing: and (3) cutting a crop of the alfalfa in the bud period of Ao Han by 5-18 days in 2015, wherein the height of the cut is 9cm.
(6) Shi Pengfei: in the bud stage and the initial flowering stage of Ao Han alfalfa, selecting sunny and windless and rainy days in 2015 year 6-15 days and 7-2 days, spraying 0.08% boron fertilizer (5.3 kg/hm) on leaf surfaces in the morning (before 9 am) or evening (after 5 am) 2 Borax with boron content of 11.34%), liquid fertilizer content of 750kg/hm 2 0.15g of neutral washing powder is added into every 1kg of liquid fertilizer.
(7) And (3) supplementary pollination: and in the initial flowering period of the alfalfa, performing supplementary pollination by using the leaf cutting bees.
(8) Pest control and branch thinning: thrips prevention and control are carried out in spring every year, and meadow moth and aphid are prevented and controlled before the bud stage. And when the density of the alfalfa seed field exceeds 10 plants/m 2 The branches should be thinned.
(9) Harvesting: harvested at 2015, 9/13 days, when 65% of the pods became yellow brown, leaving stubble at 9cm height.
(10) Seed treatment and storage: after harvesting the seeds, firstly airing for 3 days, and when the water content of the pods reaches 20 percent, carrying out threshing treatment; threshing the seeds, and then carrying out air separation, impurity removal, screening and air drying, wherein the air drying thickness is not more than 4cm, so that the water content of the seeds is reduced to be less than 10%; storing the seeds in an environment of 4 ℃, keeping indoor ventilation and drying, preventing moisture and water, and paying attention to prevent the harm of rats, sparrows, insects and the like.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: and (5) omitting the mowing treatment in the step (5), wherein other field management modes are the same.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: and (5) the mowing time in the step (5) is a branching period, namely mowing is carried out in 5-month-10-day 2015, and other field management modes are the same.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: and (5) the mowing time in the step (5) is the initial flowering period, namely mowing is carried out on days 6 and 1 in 2015, and other field management modes are the same.
Statistics were made on the seed yield and quality of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 in the second year (2015) of alfalfa seeding, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of mowing on alfalfa seed yield and quality
As can be seen from Table 1, the sowing row spacing is set to be 60cm, the cutting is carried out in the bud period of the alfalfa, the flowering period of the alfalfa can be delayed by 25 days, and the yield and the quality of the alfalfa seeds can be effectively improved. Compared with the method without cutting, the yield of the Aohan alfalfa seeds is increased by 26.10%, the weight of a single plant is increased by 55.89%, the weight of thousand seeds is increased by 7.25%, the podding rate is increased by 2.25%, the number of pods is increased by 24.04%, the number of seeds is increased by 18.64%, the germination rate is increased by 0.75%, the germination potential is increased by 29.90%, and the number of hard seeds is reduced by 20.20%;
compared with the prior cutting, the yield of the Aohan alfalfa seeds is increased by 51.36%, the weight of a single plant is increased by 67.37%, the weight of thousand seeds is increased by 7.25%, the podding rate is increased by 6.43%, the number of pods is increased by 16.37%, the number of seeds is increased by 9.36%, the germination rate of the seeds is increased by 2.19%, the germination potential is increased by 48.14%, and the number of hard seeds is reduced by 21.95%;
compared with delayed mowing, the yield of Ahan alfalfa seeds is increased by 131.47%, the weight of a single plant is increased by 91.57%, the weight of thousand seeds is increased by 8.38%, the podding rate is increased by 13.55%, the number of pods is increased by 37.57%, the number of seeds is increased by 17.85%, the germination rate of the seeds is reduced by 0.5%, the germination potential is increased by 31.11%, and the number of hardened seeds is reduced by 20.66%.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: and (4) in the step (3), the seeding row spacing is 45cm, and other field management modes are the same.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: and (4) in the step (3), the seeding row spacing is 75cm, and other field management modes are the same.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: and (4) in the step (3), the seeding row spacing is 90cm, and other field management modes are the same.
Statistics were made on the seed yield and quality of example 1 and comparative examples 4 to 5 in the second year (2015) of alfalfa seeding, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of sowing row spacing on Aohan alfalfa seed yield and quality
As can be seen from Table 2, when the alfalfa is mown in the bud stage, the seeding row spacing is set to be 60cm, compared with the treatment of the seeding row spacing of 45cm, the seed yield is increased by 11.81%, the single plant grain weight is increased by 12.77%, the thousand grain weight is increased by 0.48%, the pod bearing rate is increased by 7.60%, the pod number is increased by 17.60%, the seed number is increased by 15.75%, the germination rate is increased by 1.19%, the germination potential is increased by 13.82%, and the hard seed number is reduced by 11.11%;
setting the seeding row spacing to be 60cm, compared with the treatment of the seeding row spacing of 75cm, the method increases the seed yield by 46.73%, reduces the single plant grain weight by 1.24%, increases the thousand seed weight by 1.97%, reduces the pod bearing rate by 0.83%, increases the pod number by 9.20%, increases the seed number by 5.79%, improves the germination rate by 1.5%, increases the germination potential by 3.42%, and reduces the hard seed number by 1.32%;
the sowing row spacing is set to be 60cm, compared with the treatment of the sowing row spacing of 90cm, the seed yield is increased by 82.64%, the single plant grain weight is increased by 3.92%, the thousand seed weight is increased by 2.99%, the podding rate is reduced by 3.78%, the pod number is increased by 2.95%, the seed number is increased by 0.28%, the germination rate is improved by 0.25%, the germination potential is increased by 0.55%, and the hard seed number is reduced by 0.45%.
And comprehensively considering that: and (4) mowing in the bud period of the alfalfa, and setting the seeding row spacing to be 60cm, wherein the obtained seeds have the best quality and yield.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding alfalfa seeds in high-precipitation areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: sowing the alfalfa according to the row spacing of 50-65 cm; cutting a crop from the second year after sowing, wherein the height of the cut crop left in each cutting is 8-12 cm;
the high precipitation area is an inner Mongolia red peak area;
the alfalfa is Aohan alfalfa.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alfalfa seeds stored for 2-3 years are selected as planting seeds with a seed purity of not less than 95.0%, a germination rate of not less than 90.0%, and a moisture content of not more than 10.0%.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding rate of alfalfa is 5-7 kg/hm 2 。
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alfalfa is deeply ploughed before sowing, and the deep ploughing depth is 25-30 cm.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing depth is 1-2 cm, the thickness of the covering soil is 1-2 cm, and the pressing is performed 1-2 times.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alfalfa is sown in a mode of irrigation as follows: the seeds are irrigated once before blooming in the current year, and are irrigated once after being mown and before blooming in the bud period in the second year.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the irrigation soil wetting depth before blooming is 30-45 cm, and the irrigation soil wetting depth after the current bud period mowing is 5-15 cm.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar spraying of boron fertilizer is carried out in the bud stage and the initial flowering stage of the second year of sowing, with the concentration of fertilizer application being 0.04-0.12%.
9. According toThe method of claim 1, wherein the alfalfa seed field density is greater than 9 to 12 plants/m 2 Thinning is performed.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeds are harvested without mowing for the first year of sowing and 60-70% of the pods turn tan each year from the second year of sowing.
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