CN111108996A - Cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into high-density planted tea garden twice - Google Patents
Cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into high-density planted tea garden twice Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111108996A CN111108996A CN202010036660.0A CN202010036660A CN111108996A CN 111108996 A CN111108996 A CN 111108996A CN 202010036660 A CN202010036660 A CN 202010036660A CN 111108996 A CN111108996 A CN 111108996A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tea
- water
- rows
- row
- drip irrigation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/20—Layering
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into a high-density planted tea garden twice. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: planting two lines of clone improved-variety tea seedlings after land preparation and ridging, carrying out drip irrigation on water and water-soluble fertilizers, intercropping corns and soybeans in furrows, layering the tea seedlings in sections laterally in autumn, covering with a film, harvesting, crushing and covering the corns and the soybeans, covering tea rows with grass, pressing soil and overwintering; repeating the year and layering tea rows section by section longitudinally; in the third year, tea is picked when the tea tree branches grow to 15-25cm, the tea is picked in turn to the bottom of 9 months, and the tea stand is cradled; after the tea rows are cut, applying rotten bean pulp or peanut pulp in holes, harvesting the corn and the soybean, covering the tea rows with a film, covering the tea rows with grass, pressing the soil and overwintering; repeating the steps of the third year later to form a clone high-density planting tea garden cultivation mode. The invention forms the high-density tea garden through pressing the strips one by one twice, simplifies the cultivation technology of the tea garden, is easy to produce, operate and popularize the technology, and is suitable for the production of the tea garden in turn harvested in the north.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into a high-density planted tea garden twice.
Background
The tea industry is developed rapidly, the tea area is enlarged day by day, especially the planting area of the northern secondary suitable area such as Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and the like is enlarged day by day, but the problems that the labor cost is increased, the protection cost such as cold resistance, drought resistance and the like is increased day by day and the like are prominent; meanwhile, a round-picking non-stop picking system represented by Shandong area causes serious premature senility of the tea garden, weak and dense branches, serious damage of diseases and insect pests of the tea garden and reduction of yield and quality; meanwhile, the tea garden tea tree growth in the current tea garden cultivation mode is of a medium-sized shrub type, the tea garden operation such as fertilization and weeding is less in suitable machinery and lower in pertinence, the tea garden operation is difficult to be performed by machinery, the tea production is still labor-intensive operation at present, and the current situation that the labor cost is increased day by day is difficult to adapt.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings twice into a high-density planted tea garden.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the invention provides a cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings twice into a high-density planted tea garden, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing soil and forming ridges, wherein the ridge width is 60-80cm, the ridge back is flat, the ridge back is 15-20cm high, and the distance is 40-60 cm;
(2) in spring 3-4 months, carrying out clone fine variety planting, and establishing two rows of tea rows in the middle of the ridge back and on the left side or the right side;
(3) planting 1 row of soybean in the middle of the furrow while planting clone improved variety;
(4) planting 1 row of corn in the middle of the furrow while planting the clone improved variety, watering the furrow after sowing, and thoroughly watering;
(5) paving a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe on the back of the ridge, and carrying out water drip irrigation and water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation;
(6) in 9 months in autumn, the top of the tea seedling is picked, the tea seedling is subjected to layering section by section, layering direction is that the outer side tea row is layered towards the inner side of the ridge, and no planting side layering is arranged on the middle side tea row;
(7) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out drip irrigation on the water and the water-soluble fertilizer by using a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(8) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(9) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(10) in 9 months in autumn, tea is picked, and tea seedlings are layered one by one on the front side or the back side of a tea row;
(11) repeating the steps (7) to (9);
(12) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15cm, tea picking is carried out, and alternate picking is carried out;
(13) tea picking is carried out until the tea seedlings are alternately picked to the bottom of 9 months, the tea seedlings are cut from the roots of the tea seedlings, and the roots after the cutting are sprayed with 0.5 percent suspension mixed liquid prepared by 2 to 5L of liquid chitosan compound fertilizer;
(14) applying 200-200 Kg of cooked bean curd or peanut meal per mu of tea row;
(15) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out water drip irrigation by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(16) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(17) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(18) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, carrying out drip irrigation on water and water soluble fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(19) and (4) repeating the steps (12) to (18).
Further, in the step (2), the distance between the middle row and the side row of the established tea rows is 20-40cm, the plant distance in the rows is 20-40cm, and the tea plants in the middle row and the tea plants in the side row are arranged in a staggered mode.
Further, in the step (3), the plant spacing of the soybeans is 20-50 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the plant spacing of the corn is 60-100 cm.
Further, in the steps (5) and (7), the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared from the following effective components: urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside according to the mass ratio of 66-76:10-20:0.2-0.5: 0.1-0.2: 0.0001-0.005, and dissolving 1 part of effective component in 20-30 parts of biomass fermentation liquid and mixing uniformly.
The specific preparation process of the biomass fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: carrying out innocent treatment on 100 plus 200 parts of plant straws, 5-20 parts of animal carcasses and 50-200 parts of animal excrement, carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a fermentation tank for 20-35 days at 10-35 ℃, and then filtering and concentrating the fermentation liquor until the relative density is 1.1-1.4.
Further, the plant straws are wheat straws or corn straws; the animal excrement is human excrement or pig manure or chicken manure after the salinity is removed;
further, the application amount of the water soluble fertilizer is 0.3-2L/mu/day.
Further, in the step (13), the chitosan compound fertilizer consists of the following components: low molecular weight chitosan 20-50g/L, Zn2+50-200mg/L，Al3+50-200mg/L, 3-10g/L pectin and the balance of water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method simplifies the tea garden cultivation technology, does not need to cultivate the tea tree production tree shape in the process of young plant growth and growth of mature tea garden, and is easy for production operation and technical popularization;
2, the high-density tea garden is formed by pressing the strips section by section twice, the conventional shaping and trimming technology is cancelled, the technology is easy to master, single plants are not needed to grow seedlings, and the cost for building the tea garden is reduced;
3, the root systems of the tea trees are communicated to form a whole, so that the survival rate is high and the stress resistance is enhanced;
the full-production period can be reached in 3 years from the beginning of planting in the 4 tea garden, so that the capital investment conversion and the return efficiency are improved;
5, the tea garden plants are dwarfed, the mechanical type selection and operation of tea garden operation are easy, and the automation level is improved;
6 the high-density tea garden established by the method is used, branches of the tea trees are trimmed off before overwintering, the root parts are covered and protected, the cold resistance of the tea garden is enhanced, the overwintering protection is simple and easy to operate, the demand on overwintering facilities is low, and the winter protection cost of the northern tea garden is reduced;
7, the tea garden is built in the northern tea area by using the technology, so that the construction input cost of early-stage protection facilities and the later-stage facility management input cost are saved, and the labor cost in the production process is also greatly reduced;
8, the tea garden produced by the technology has high germination density and large growth amount, is suitable for a production mode of annual ring harvest without break, and has high yield;
9 the technology updates the tea trees every year, so that the tea trees grow healthily and vigorously, and the tea quality is good;
10 the technology can remove the host-year insect eggs and the diseased plants, has good light transmission and air permeability of the tea garden, reduces the insect pests and diseases of the tea garden, easily meets the requirement of reducing the application of chemical pesticides, and is beneficial to improving the safety of tea and improving the ecological environment;
11, returning branches of the tea garden to the field and covering with agricultural wastes, which is beneficial to improving organic matters of the soil of the tea garden, and meeting the requirements of improving the soil and reducing the application of chemical fertilizers;
the management process of the 12 tea garden is simplified, the processes of topdressing, watering and the like are realized by depending on a water-fertilizer integrated pipeline, the mechanical fertilization of organic fertilizers in the tea garden is easily realized in the tea garden after the tea garden is cut, the generation surface of the tea tree bunch bud heads in the production period is flat, and the labor cost is reduced by adopting mechanical picking.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and illustrated by the following specific examples.
The test base is a newly-built high-density planted clonal tea garden in Pingyi county in Linyi city, and the tea variety is medium tea 108.
The specific preparation process of the biomass fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: after harmless treatment is carried out on 200 parts of corn straws, 18 parts of animal carcasses (chicken and pigs) and 150 parts of desalted human excrement, 3 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 2 parts of citric acid are added, anaerobic fermentation is carried out in a fermentation tank for 30 days at room temperature, and then fermentation liquor is taken, filtered and concentrated to the relative density of 1.2.
Example 1
(1) Carrying out water and fertilizer integrated construction in a garden in advance, carrying out soil preparation and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 80cm, the ridge back is flat, the ridge back is 15-20cm high, and the distance is 60 cm;
(2) in 3 middle ten days of spring, planting clone improved varieties, establishing tea rows in the middle and on the left side of ridge back, wherein the row distance between the middle row and the side row of the established tea rows is 35cm, the row distance between the tea plants in the rows is 30cm, and the tea plants in the middle row and the tea plants in the side row are staggered;
(3) planting 1 row of soybean in the furrow while planting clone improved variety, wherein the soybean row spacing is 30 cm/plant;
(4) planting corn in the middle of the furrow while planting clone improved variety, wherein the row spacing of the corn is 60cm, and watering the furrow after sowing, and thoroughly watering;
(5) paving a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe on the back of the ridge, and carrying out water drip irrigation and water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation, wherein the daily dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.5L/mu; the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method: mixing and filtering urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate, aspergilloside and biomass fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the high-solubility potassium fulvate to the aluminum nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the aspergilloside is (76: 14:0.2: 0.1): 0.0004, and the balance of biomass fermentation liquor with the density of 1.2;
(6) in 9 months in autumn, picking the tops of the tea seedlings, and layering the tea seedlings section by section towards the right side of the tea row;
(7) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on tea rows, and carrying out drip irrigation on the water and the water-soluble fertilizer by using a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, wherein the using amount and the composition of the water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those in the step (5);
(8) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(9) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(10) in 9 months in autumn, tea is picked from the top, and tea seedlings are layered one by one in front of tea rows;
(11) repeating the steps (7) to (9);
(12) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15-20cm, tea picking is carried out in turn;
(13) tea picking is carried out until the tea seedlings are alternately picked to the bottom of 9 months, the tea seedlings are cradled from the roots of the tea seedlings, and the cradled roots are sprayed with 0.5 percent concentration suspension mixed solution prepared by 5L of liquid chitosan compound fertilizer; the chitosan compound fertilizer consists of the following components: low molecular weight chitosan 25g/L, Zn2+100mg/L，Al3+50/L, pectin =8 g/L;
(14) applying 300 Kg/mu of cooked bean curd or peanut meal in the tea rows in a hole manner;
(15) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out water drip irrigation by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(16) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(17) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(18) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 3 to middle 3 of the next month, carrying out drip irrigation on water and water soluble fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(19) and (4) repeating the steps (12) to (18).
Example 2
(1) Water and fertilizer integrated construction in a garden, soil preparation and ridging are carried out, the ridge width is 80cm, the ridge back is flat, the ridge back height is 15-20cm, and the distance is 40 cm;
(2) in spring for 3-4 months, planting clone improved varieties, establishing tea rows in the middle and at the right side of ridge back, wherein the row distance between the middle row and the side row of the established tea rows is 30cm, the row distance between the tea plants in the rows is 30cm, and the tea plants in the middle row and the tea plants in the side row are staggered;
(3) planting 1 row of soybean in the furrow while planting clone improved variety, wherein the soybean row spacing is 60 cm/plant;
(4) planting corn in the middle of the furrow while planting clone improved variety, watering the furrow after seeding the corn with the row spacing of 100cm, and thoroughly watering;
(5) paving a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe on the back of the ridge, and carrying out water drip irrigation and water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation, wherein the daily dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer is 0.8L/mu; the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method: mixing and filtering urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate, aspergilloside and biomass fermentation liquor, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the high-solubility potassium fulvate to the aluminum nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the aspergilloside is (76: 14:0.2: 0.1): 0.0004, and the balance of biomass fermentation liquor with the density of 1.2;
(6) in 9 months in autumn, picking the tops of the tea seedlings, and layering the tea seedlings section by section on the left side of the tea rows;
(7) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch, covering the harvested corns and the soybeans on tea rows, laying a drip irrigation pipe, and carrying out drip irrigation on water and water-soluble fertilizer with the same dosage and composition (5)
(8) In the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(9) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(10) in 9 months in autumn, tea is picked from the top, and tea seedlings are layered one by one in front of tea rows;
(11) repeating the steps (7) to (9);
(12) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15-20cm, tea picking is carried out in turn;
(13) tea picking is carried out until the tea seedlings are alternately picked to the bottom of 9 months, the tea seedlings are cradled from the roots of the tea seedlings, and the cradled roots are sprayed with 0.5 percent concentration suspension mixed solution prepared by 5L of liquid chitosan compound fertilizer; the chitosan compound fertilizer consists of the following components: low molecular weight chitosan 30g/L, Zn2+150mg/L，Al3+180mg/L and 10g/L of pectin;
(14) applying 200 Kg/mu of cooked bean curd or peanut meal in the tea rows in a hole manner;
(15) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out water drip irrigation by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(16) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(17) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(18) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 3 to middle 3 of the next month, carrying out drip irrigation on water and water soluble fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(19) and (4) repeating the steps (12) to (18).
Comparative example 1
(1) Water and fertilizer integrated construction in a garden, soil preparation and ridging are carried out, the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge back is flat, the ridge back height is 15-20cm, and the ridge distance is 60 cm;
(2) in spring 3 months, planting clone improved seeds, establishing tea rows in the middle and on the left side of the ridge back, wherein the row spacing of the tea rows is 20-30 cm;
(3) planting 1 row of soybean in the furrow while planting clone improved variety, wherein the soybean row spacing is 30 cm/plant;
(4) planting corn in the middle of the furrow while planting clone improved variety, watering the furrow after seeding the corn with the row spacing of 60cm, and thoroughly watering;
(5) the ridge back is paved with a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe for carrying out water drip irrigation and water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation, and the using amount and the composition of the water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
(6) in 9 months in autumn, picking the tops of the tea seedlings, and layering the tea seedlings section by section on the front side of the tea rows;
(7) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on tea rows, and carrying out drip irrigation on water and water-soluble fertilizers by using a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, wherein the using amount and the composition of the water-soluble fertilizers are the same as those in step (5);
(8) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(9) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(10) in 9 months in autumn, picking the tops of tea bushes, and layering tea seedlings section by section on the right side of a tea row;
(11) repeating the steps (7) to (9);
(12) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15-20cm, tea picking is carried out in turn;
(13) tea picking is carried out until the tea seedlings are alternately picked to the bottom of 9 months, the tea seedlings are cradled from the roots of the tea seedlings, and the cradled roots are blended into 0.5 percent concentration suspension liquid by using 5L of liquid chitosan compound fertilizer and are sprayed (the composition is the same as that of the embodiment 1);
(14) applying 300 Kg/mu of cooked bean curd or peanut meal in the tea rows in a hole manner;
(15) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out water drip irrigation by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(16) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(17) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(18) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 3 to middle 3 of the next month, carrying out drip irrigation on water and water soluble fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(19) and (4) repeating the steps (12) to (18).
Comparative example 2
(1) Water and fertilizer integrated construction in a garden, soil preparation and ridging are carried out, the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge back is flat, the ridge back height is 15-20cm, and the distance is 60 cm;
(2) in 3 middle ten days of spring, planting clone improved varieties, establishing tea rows in the middle and on the left side of ridge back, wherein the row distance between the middle row and the side row of the established tea rows is 25cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and the tea tree plants in the middle row and the tea tree plants in the side row are staggered;
(3) planting 1 row of soybean in the furrow while planting clone improved variety, wherein the soybean row spacing is 40 cm/plant;
(4) planting corn in the middle of the furrow while planting clone improved variety, watering the furrow after seeding the corn with the row spacing of 100cm, and thoroughly watering;
(5) the ridge back is paved with a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe for carrying out water drip irrigation and water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation, and the using amount and the composition of the water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
(6) in 9 months in autumn, picking the tops of the tea seedlings, and layering the tea seedlings section by section towards the right side of the tea row;
(7) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on tea rows, and carrying out drip irrigation on water and water-soluble fertilizers by using a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, wherein the using amount and the composition of the water-soluble fertilizers are the same as those of the example 1;
(8) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(9) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(10) in 9 months in autumn, tea is picked from the top, and tea seedlings are layered one by one in front of tea rows;
(11) repeating the steps (7) to (9);
(12) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15-20cm, tea picking is carried out in turn;
(13) tea picking is carried out until the tea seedlings are picked to the bottom of 9 months alternately, and the tea seedlings are cradled from the root parts of the tea seedlings;
(14) applying 200-200 Kg of cooked bean curd or peanut meal per mu of tea row;
(15) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out water drip irrigation by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(16) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(17) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(18) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 3 to middle 3 of the next month, carrying out drip irrigation on water and water soluble fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(19) and (4) repeating the steps (12) to (18).
Comparative example 3
(1) Water and fertilizer integrated construction in a garden, soil preparation and ridging are carried out, the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge back is flat, the ridge back height is 15-20cm, and the distance is 40 cm;
(2) in 3 middle ten days of spring, planting clone improved varieties, establishing tea rows in the middle and on the left side of ridge back, wherein the row distance between the middle row and the side row of the established tea rows is 25cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and the tea tree plants in the middle row and the tea tree plants in the side row are staggered;
(3) the ridge back is paved with a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe for carrying out water drip irrigation and water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation, and the using amount and the composition of the water-soluble fertilizer are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
(4) in 9 months in autumn, picking the tops of the tea seedlings, and layering the tea seedlings section by section towards the right side of the tea row;
(5) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on tea rows, and carrying out drip irrigation on water and water-soluble fertilizers by using a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, wherein the using amount and the composition of the water-soluble fertilizers are the same as those of the example 1;
(6) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(7) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 months in the following year;
(8) in 9 months in autumn, tea is picked from the top, and tea seedlings are layered one by one in front of tea rows;
(9) repeating the steps (7) to (9);
(10) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15cm, tea picking is carried out, and alternate picking is carried out;
(11) tea picking is carried out until the tea seedlings are picked to the bottom of 9 months alternately, and the tea seedlings are cradled from the root parts of the tea seedlings;
(12) applying 200-300 Kg/mu of cooked bean curd or peanut meal in tea rows, and carrying out water drip irrigation by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(13) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(14) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(15) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground in the late 3 to middle 3 months in the next year, and carrying out drip irrigation on water and water soluble fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(16) and (5) repeating the steps (10) to (15).
Comparative example 4
(1) Transplanting clonal tea seedlings, planting in double rows, wherein the row spacing is 150 cm, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, the clump spacing is 30cm, the tea clumps are arranged in a staggered T shape, and each mu is 7000 tea;
(2) the young tea garden is shaped and trimmed for three times, and is carried out in spring or autumn every year. Firstly, when more than 80% of tea seedlings reach 30cm in height, main branches are cut off at a position 10-15 cm away from the ground, lateral branches are not cut off, and then the cut is raised by about 10 cm each time and cut flat.
(3) After the tea garden is aged, pruning according to different requirements every year according to the growth condition of tea rows: light pruning: cutting off 3-5 cm of the surface layer of the crown once every year, and performing after spring tea or autumn tea dust, wherein withered branches generated by freezing damage need to be reduced if the freezing damage occurs in winter; deep trimming: a great amount of drumstick branches are formed on the tree crowns, the germination capacity of the tea trees is weakened, the yield and the quality are obviously reduced, and the tree crowns are cut off by 15-20cm after the spring tea. The edge of a tea garden with large coverage is trimmed every year, and a gap of about 20cm between tea rows is kept, so that field operation and ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
The tea garden is built by the method, the tea tree juvenile period generally takes 3 years, the tea garden can enter the full-production period in the first year, the time for building the garden is long, the technical requirements are complex, the tea crown cultivation is incomplete due to the tea plucking of tea farmers, the high-yield canopy cannot be formed, and the tea yield is reduced.
Effect example 1
And (3) building a tea garden by adopting the tea garden cultivation methods provided by the embodiments 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1-3, meanwhile, setting a control group, and fermenting for 30 days without adding sodium polyacrylate and citric acid in the fermentation process of the biomass fermentation liquid in the control group, wherein the method provided by the embodiment 1 is adopted for the building method. Specific results of tea garden yields are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Meanwhile, when the sodium polyacrylate and the citric acid are not added into the biomass fermentation liquid, if the effective components are equivalent to those provided by the invention, the fermentation is required to be carried out for 39 days, and in the fermentation process, the ammonia water has strong smell and strong irritation, but the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the invention has no strong ammonia water smell, and the irritation smell is obviously reduced compared with that of a control group.
Effect example 2
The summer tea collected in the third year is subjected to quality detection, the detection contents comprise tea polyphenol, amino acid, caffeine, water extract and the like, and the specific results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method for layering clone tea seedlings into a high-density planted tea garden twice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing soil and forming ridges, wherein the ridge width is 60-80cm, the ridge back is flat, the ridge back is 15-20cm high, and the distance is 40-60 cm;
(2) in spring 3-4 months, carrying out clone fine variety planting, and establishing two rows of tea rows in the middle of the ridge back and on the left side or the right side;
(3) planting 1 row of soybean in the middle of the furrow while planting clone improved variety;
(4) planting 1 row of corn in the middle of the furrow while planting the clone improved variety, watering the furrow after sowing, and thoroughly watering;
(5) paving a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe on the back of the ridge, and carrying out water drip irrigation and water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation;
(6) in 9 months in autumn, the top of the tea seedling is picked, the tea seedling is subjected to layering section by section, layering direction is that the outer side tea row is layered towards the inner side of the ridge, and no planting side layering is arranged on the middle side tea row;
(7) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out drip irrigation on the water and the water-soluble fertilizer by using a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(8) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(9) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(10) in 9 months in autumn, tea is picked, and tea seedlings are layered one by one on the front side or the back side of a tea row;
(11) repeating the steps (7) to (9);
(12) when the branches of the tea garden grow to 15-25cm, tea picking is carried out in turn;
(13) tea picking is carried out until the tea seedlings are alternately picked to the bottom of 9 months, the tea seedlings are cut from the roots of the tea seedlings, and the roots after the cutting are sprayed with 0.5 percent suspension mixed liquid prepared by 2 to 5L of liquid chitosan compound fertilizer;
(14) applying 200-200 Kg of cooked bean curd or peanut meal per mu of tea row;
(15) harvesting and crushing the corns and the soybeans in the ridge dragon ditch and covering the corns and the soybeans on the tea rows, and carrying out water drip irrigation by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe;
(16) furrow watering and enough watering are carried out in late-month ten days;
(17) in the middle ten days of december, the tea rows are covered by the thin film, and the thickness of the grass covered on the thin film is more than 20 cm; the grass is pressed with 2 to 5 centimeters of soil;
(18) removing the covering of the tea garden when no winter soil appears on the ground at night from late 2 to middle 3 of the next year, carrying out drip irrigation on water and water soluble fertilizer by using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe, and planting corn and soybean according to the specifications of the steps (3) and (4);
(19) and (4) repeating the steps (12) to (18).
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the established tea rows have a middle row and a side row at a distance of 20-40cm, a row spacing of 20-40cm, and the middle row of tea plants is staggered with the side row of tea plants.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (3), the plant spacing of the soybeans is 20-50 cm.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the plant spacing of the corn is 60-100 cm.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in steps (5) and (7), the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared from the following effective components: urea, high-solubility potassium fulvate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate and aspergilloside according to the mass ratio of 66-76:10-20:0.2-0.5: 0.1-0.2: 0.0001-0.005, and dissolving 1 part of effective component in 20-30 parts of biomass fermentation liquid and mixing uniformly.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the biomass fermentation liquor is prepared by the following specific processes: after harmless treatment is carried out on 100-200 parts of plant straws, 5-20 parts of animal carcasses and 50-200 parts of animal excrement, 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 1-2 parts of citric acid are added, anaerobic fermentation is carried out in a fermentation tank for 20-35 days at the temperature of 10-35 ℃, and then fermentation liquor is taken, filtered and concentrated to the relative density of 1.1-1.4.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the plant straw is wheat straw or corn straw; the animal excrement is human excrement or pig manure or chicken manure after the salinity is removed.
8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the water soluble fertilizer is applied at a rate of 0.3 to 2L/acre/day.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step (13), the chitosan compound fertilizer is composed of: low molecular weight chitosan 20-50g/L, Zn2+50-200mg/L，Al3+50-200mg/L, 3-10g/L pectin and the balance of water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010036660.0A CN111108996A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into high-density planted tea garden twice |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010036660.0A CN111108996A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into high-density planted tea garden twice |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111108996A true CN111108996A (en) | 2020-05-08 |
Family
ID=70489291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010036660.0A Pending CN111108996A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2020-01-14 | Cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into high-density planted tea garden twice |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111108996A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111771672A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-16 | 黑龙江省苗必壮农业科技有限公司 | Organic matrix for rice seedling culture and seedling culture transplanting method |
| CN114667851A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-28 | 周至县欣荣果业专业合作社 | Method for supplementing and planting kiwi fruits in mature orchard due to lack of trees |
-
2020
- 2020-01-14 CN CN202010036660.0A patent/CN111108996A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111771672A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-16 | 黑龙江省苗必壮农业科技有限公司 | Organic matrix for rice seedling culture and seedling culture transplanting method |
| CN114667851A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-28 | 周至县欣荣果业专业合作社 | Method for supplementing and planting kiwi fruits in mature orchard due to lack of trees |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110150014B (en) | Industrialized planting method of Or | |
| CN105340514B (en) | A kind of drought lotus root volume increase improves the efficient cultivation method of content of starch | |
| CN102428815B (en) | Good agriculture practice (GAP) method of Isodon glaucocalyx Kudo | |
| CN106212188B (en) | A kind of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultural method of good quality and high output | |
| CN104604462A (en) | Cultivation method for honeysuckle | |
| CN108157115B (en) | Compound planting method of paeonia rockii for oil in arid sand area | |
| CN112021122A (en) | Method suitable for long-season cultivation of cowpeas | |
| CN109644805A (en) | A kind of method of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae root segment plantation | |
| CN108012749A (en) | Oil uses tree peony high-yield planting method | |
| CN109511482B (en) | Compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forest | |
| CN109247174B (en) | Cultivation method for mulberry fruit bearing in three seasons | |
| CN111011129A (en) | Method for realizing production-while-repair by using low-accumulation corn/Sedum plumbizincicola intercropping | |
| CN108668870B (en) | High-yield cultivation method for northern pear trees | |
| CN104686176A (en) | High-efficient planting method of plantain herb | |
| CN111108996A (en) | Cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into high-density planted tea garden twice | |
| CN109588222A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of rhizoma polygonati | |
| CN104206130A (en) | Method for interplanting maize and red cluster peppers | |
| CN110419440B (en) | Double-clone hybrid variety breeding method of tea tree based on Baihao early Obelia | |
| CN105052465A (en) | Mint planting method | |
| CN110476739B (en) | Method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan province | |
| CN109328894B (en) | Space layout and cultivation method of forage grass for sheep | |
| CN111418365A (en) | Compound root inducing solution for layering seedling raising of agate red cherries and application thereof | |
| CN107223438B (en) | Trunk setting management method for single-trunk oil peonies | |
| CN114175957B (en) | Close planting and arbor afforestation method for camellia oleifera | |
| CN113068558B (en) | Dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |