CN109511482B - Compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forest - Google Patents
Compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forest Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109511482B CN109511482B CN201811541263.8A CN201811541263A CN109511482B CN 109511482 B CN109511482 B CN 109511482B CN 201811541263 A CN201811541263 A CN 201811541263A CN 109511482 B CN109511482 B CN 109511482B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- moringa
- moringa oleifera
- soil
- planting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 244000179886 Moringa oleifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 235000011347 Moringa oleifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 240000004784 Cymbopogon citratus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000017897 Cymbopogon citratus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000062730 Melissa officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010654 Melissa officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000166675 Cymbopogon nardus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000018791 Cymbopogon nardus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000220214 Moringaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000931332 Cymbopogon Species 0.000 description 1
- FEPOUSPSESUQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cymbopogon Natural products C1CC2(C)C(C)C(=O)CCC2C2(C)C1C1(C)CCC3(C)CCC(C)C(C)C3C1(C)CC2 FEPOUSPSESUQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000031226 Hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002292 Radical scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000836034 Westindia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 activated phosphorus ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003284 iron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forests, which comprises the following measures: (1) forest land selection, (2) land preparation of forest land, (3) planting, (4) management and protection of forest land, (5) pruning and shaping, and (6) harvesting and processing. The invention aims to create a development idea of agriculture and forestry composite operation industry through innovation in aspects of land selection, land preparation, planting, inter-forest management and protection, pruning and shaping, harvesting, processing and the like, relieves the influence of shortage of land resources on development of moringa oleifera and lemongrass industries, improves utilization efficiency of forest lands, reduces plant diseases and insect pests, increases economic benefits and enriches excellent modes of the composite agriculture and forestry in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a method for planting lemongrass in a leaf moringa oleifera forest.
Background
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) stapf belongs to Gramineae (Gramineae) and Cymbopogon Spreng, and perennial herbs have thin and weak stalks, clumpy growth, narrow leaves and nearly no hair on both sides and are white in powder. The citronella grass is produced in tropical and subtropical regions, is distributed in south China, but is not easy to spike and fruit, and common varieties comprise citronella grass in West India, citronella grass in east India and citronella grass. The lemongrass is pungent and warm in nature and has the effects of dispelling wind, dredging collaterals, harmonizing stomach, ventilating, restoring consciousness and promoting estrus.
Moringa Oleifera (Moringa Oleifera Lam.), also known as drumstick tree, miraculous tree and the like, belongs to Moringaceae (Moringaceae) Moringa (Moringa Adans.), tropical and subtropical deciduous woody vegetables and oil plants, is originally produced in India and Africa, can be eaten by leaves, flowers, tender buds, tender stems, tender pods and roots, has rich and comprehensive nutrition, is the best source of various nutrients such as plant protein, vitamins, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, selenium and the like, and has the medical health-care effects of treating hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, enhancing physical strength, inhibiting germs and the like. The moringa oleifera is a fast-growing tree species, has long main roots, is high-temperature resistant and drought resistant, has the optimal growth temperature of 25-35 ℃, can adapt to various soil types, can normally grow in sandy loam with the pH value of the soil in the range of 4.5-8, and is suitable for being planted in tropical and southern subtropical regions in China with the altitude of below 600 m. In recent years, due to the dramatic increase of the demand of the moringa oleifera, the price of the moringa oleifera raw material is also increased year after year, and the raw material supply is seriously insufficient. The tropical and subtropical regions such as Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi and the like are the authentic horseradish tree producing regions, the produced horseradish trees have good quality, the horseradish tree industry is developed at a high speed by well spraying with the continuous improvement of the horseradish tree cultivation and management technology, and the development of the horseradish tree industry is seriously hindered by the shortage of land resources.
The agriculture and forestry composite operation can be called composite agriculture and forestry, mixed forestry agriculture or agricultural forestry and the like, and refers to the integration of a land utilization mode and a technical system for artificially arranging perennial woody plants and other cultivated plants or livestock animals together according to a certain time sequence in space on the same land management unit according to the principle of ecological economy. The existing research results at home and abroad show that the forest farm compound operation can improve the utilization rate of resources such as illumination, soil and the like, and can also improve the soil fertility by the aim of cultivating and fostering, thereby promoting the growth of forest trees, having remarkable economic benefit and increasing the income of farmers. Research shows that the moringa oleifera can be subjected to staged, batched and layered leaf collection from the last 5 th month to the last 6 th month, from the last 7 th month to the last 8 th month and from the last 10 th month to the last 11 th month, branches are harvested and dwarfed after the leaves are collected in the 11 th month, the height of tree stumps is kept to be 40 cm-75 cm for new buds to germinate in the next year, so that the moringa oleifera forest is low in forest stand closure degree and full in space illumination in rows during the growth period of the new buds in spring every year, crops are planted in the moringa oleifera forest, the aim of tending by ploughing is achieved, more agricultural products are obtained, and the land use efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a composite management method for planting the lemongrass in the leaf moringa oleifera forest, which realizes the efficient and intensive utilization of land, relieves the influence of shortage of land resources on the development of moringa oleifera and lemongrass industries and enriches the excellent modes of composite agriculture and forestry in China.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forests comprises the following measures:
(1) selecting a forest land:
selecting a forest land with high temperature, rain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage and fertile soil, having no severe frost and cold damage weather all the year round, wherein the annual average rainfall is between 800 and 1800mm, the elevation of the forest land is below 600m, the gradient is less than or equal to 20 degrees, the soil is neutral or weakly acidic, and the content of gravels in the soil is less than or equal to 10 percent;
(2) land preparation of forest land:
when the slope of the forest land is less than 10 degrees, performing full-reclamation land preparation, and when the slope of the forest land is more than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees, performing terrace-type belt land preparation; the soil digging depth is more than or equal to 25cm, ridges form a horizontal ridge surface with the width of 1.5-2 m and the height of 10-15 cm, the ridge surface is finely raked after mixing 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer with soil, and drainage channels are smoothly drained at two sides of the ridge; opening a moringa planting ditch with the width of 5-8 cm and the depth of 6-7 cm at the ridge surface which is 10cm away from the upper drainage ditch; digging a lemongrass sowing ditch with the row spacing of 35cm, the width of 3-4 cm and the depth of 2-3 cm in a ridge surface strip-shaped area which is 10cm away from the lower drainage ditch and 50cm away from the moringa oleifera planting ditch;
(3) planting:
sowing and planting moringa oleifera and citronella grass in 3-4 months; dibbling 2-3 moringa seeds subjected to seed treatment in a moringa planting ditch every 50cm, covering soil for 4-6 cm, and compacting; mixing fine soil or plant ash into the lemongrass seeds according to the seed amount of 1.8-2 kg/mu, then sowing the mixture into a lemongrass sowing ditch, and covering 1-2 cm of soil;
(4) forest management and protection:
after the moringa seeds germinate for 15 days, combining ridging to remove weeds and carrying out uniform seeding and replanting; after the moringa seeds germinate for 30 days, spraying a leaching compound fertilizer with the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of more than or equal to 35 percent after raining in combination with weeding, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 kg/mu; carrying out artificial weeding when weeds grow by 30-50 cm, and topdressing 200kg after each weeding, wherein the fertilizer used for topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing 500 parts by weight of human and animal manure, 100 parts by weight of fine soil, 35 parts by weight of urea and 10 parts by weight of orange peel water extract and then fermenting for 2 days;
(5) pruning and shaping:
when the height of the moringa oleifera is 50m, cutting off a trunk from a position of 30cm, leaving 3-4 first-level branches after germination, then cutting off from a position of 50cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 70cm, leaving 10-15 second-level branches, then cutting off from a position of 65cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 90cm, and leaving 20-30 third-level branches; supplementing fertilizer in time according to the growth condition of the branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera, and keeping the whole plant height of the moringa oleifera to be 65-70 cm after the leaves are picked for the last time in winter every year;
(6) harvesting and processing:
collecting tender hearts 10-15 cm from the top of the buds of the second-level branches and the third-level branches of the moringa oleifera to be used as vegetables; collecting moringa oleifera mature leaves, namely breaking off the whole branches from the leaf stalks, drying in the air and shaking off the leaves, wherein the collected moringa oleifera mature leaves can be dried to be made into tea or deeply processed; harvesting the cedronella inflorescences after the cedronella inflorescences are half-cooked, spreading, and drying in the sun for later use.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of pig manure, 20-25 parts of peanut shell, 10-15 parts of phosphorus tailings, 15 parts of cassava residue, 5-8 parts of urea, 6-9 parts of orange peel water extract, 5-7 parts of grape peel water extract, 8-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 5-6 parts of bacillus fibrosus; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing pig manure, peanut shells, phosphorus tailings, manioc wastes and urea, spraying a mixed solution of orange peel water extract, grape peel water extract, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and cellulose bacillus while turning over, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation after uniformly mixing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 36-38 ℃, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, the water extract of orange peel in the step (2) and the step (4) is prepared by mixing and decocting orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5 for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate to obtain the water extract of orange peel; and (3) mixing the grape skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate to obtain the grape skin water extract.
Further, the seed treatment in the step (3) is to soak the moringa seeds for 1 hour by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2%, to take out and wash the moringa seeds, to soak the moringa seeds in warm water at 65 ℃, to change water for 1 time every 4 hours, to take out and to prepare for sowing after soaking for 12 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
1. the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting pig manure, peanut shells, phosphate tailings, cassava dregs and the like serving as main raw materials, wherein the content of N, P, Ca in the pig manure is high, 80.1% of dry matters of the pig manure is organic matters, the content of easily degradable organic carbon is 27.3%, the contents of hemicellulose and cellulose are low, the contents of crude fat and lignin are high, and components capable of being utilized by crops in the manure account for about 70%, so that the organic fertilizer has high utilization value as the organic fertilizer. The compound microbial inoculum of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus fibrosus is used, pig manure, peanut shells, phosphate tailings and cassava residues can be effectively decomposed, a large amount of organic matters and inorganic matters such as carbon elements, nitrogen elements, potassium elements and phosphorus elements can be released, and researches show that the organic matter content in the obtained organic fertilizer can reach 25-34%, the inorganic matter content can reach 20-37%, the quick-acting phosphorus content can reach 3.9-5.1 mg/kg, and the amino acid content can reach more than 26.1%.
2. The added orange peel water extract contains a large amount of oxalic acid, anthocyanin, tartaric acid and other components, the activity of stably activated phosphorus ions can be enhanced, the oxidation resistance is enhanced, the grape peel water extract contains tartaric acid, oxalic acid, pyruvic acid and anthocyanin, the hydroxyl radical scavenging capability is realized, the better oxidation resistance is realized, the combination of the two extracts can achieve the effects of synergy and dual guarantee, and the growth of the lemongrass is promoted.
3. The content of crude fiber in the peanut shell reaches more than 60%, the water absorption is strong, the air permeability is good, and the organic fertilizer prepared by mixing and fermenting the peanut shell and pig manure can make the soil soft and not hardened, so that the soil structure is effectively protected. The prepared organic fertilizer can further ferment soil, so that the soil has the functions of water storage, moisture preservation and fertilizer storage like solid organic fertilizer, more sufficient fertilizer, water and nutrient are provided for normal growth of the moringa oleifera and the lemongrass, and the soil microbial community structure of the soil can be improved.
4. Because the existence of a large amount of gravels in the soil can influence the physical characteristics of the soil, such as the volume weight of the soil, the porosity of the soil, the temperature of the soil, the water content of the soil and the like, and even the infiltration characteristic of the soil, and further influence the root development and the water and fertilizer absorption of plants, the invention selects the forest land with the soil gravel content less than or equal to 10 percent to be suitable for planting the moringa oleifera and the lemongrass when selecting the forest land.
5. In the process of planting the lemongrass in the moringa oleifera forest, the invention can replace and foster the cultivation, and the soil structure is improved, the nutrient content is improved and the growth of the moringa oleifera is obviously improved by taking measures of artificial weeding, soil turning, soil preparation, fertilization and the like. Meanwhile, after the lemongrass is planted, the biological diversity is improved, the forest stand space structure is optimized, the ecological environment of the moringa oleifera pure forest is effectively improved, and the product output and variety are increased. Therefore, the popularization and the application of the technology can effectively improve the ecological economic benefit of the land in unit area.
6. Through measures of tree height control, pruning and shaping, leaf picking and the like of the moringa oleifera, favorable illumination, space and nutrient requirements are provided for growth of the lemongrass in the moringa oleifera forest, the lemongrass can normally grow, and compared with single action of the lemongrass in a field, the yield per unit area has no obvious difference. Therefore, the popularization and the application of the technology can well realize the efficient intensive utilization of the land, relieve the situation of the shortage of land resources at present and help to promote the development of the moringa oleifera and lemongrass industries.
7. Through scientific experimental comparison, the invention selects the lemongrass as the intermediate crop under the moringa oleifera forest, and through innovation in aspects of land selection, land preparation, planting, inter-forest management and maintenance, pruning and shaping, harvesting, processing and the like, aims to innovate the development idea of the agriculture and forestry composite operation industry, relieve the influence of shortage of land resources on the development of the moringa oleifera and lemongrass industry, improve the utilization efficiency of the forest land, reduce plant diseases and insect pests, increase economic benefits and enrich the excellent mode of the composite agriculture and forestry in China.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. The specific experimental conditions and methods not indicated in the following examples are generally conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
a compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forests comprises the following measures:
(1) selecting a forest land:
selecting a forest land which is high in temperature and rainy, sufficient in sunlight, good in drainage and fertile in soil, having no severe frost and cold damage weather all the year round, wherein the annual average rainfall is 800-1800 mm, the elevation of the forest land is below 600m, the slope is 5 degrees, the soil is fertile and weakly acidic, and the content of gravels in the soil is 3 percent;
(2) land preparation of forest land:
adopting full-tillage land preparation, ploughing by a tractor to dig a horizontal furrow surface with the depth of 100cm and the width of 1.5m and the height of 10cm, finely raking the furrow surface after mixing 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer with soil, and ensuring that drainage ditches drain smoothly on two sides of the furrow; opening a moringa planting ditch with the width of 5-8 cm and the depth of 6-7 cm at the ridge surface which is 10cm away from the upper drainage ditch; digging a lemongrass sowing ditch with the row spacing of 35cm, the width of 3-4 cm and the depth of 2-3 cm in a ridge surface strip-shaped area which is 10cm away from the lower drainage ditch and 50cm away from the moringa oleifera planting ditch; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of peanut shell, 15 parts of phosphorus tailings, 15 parts of manioc waste, 8 parts of urea, 6 parts of orange peel water extract, 5 parts of grape peel water extract, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 6 parts of bacillus fibrosus; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing pig manure, peanut shells, phosphorus tailings, manioc wastes and urea, spraying a mixed solution of orange peel water extract, grape peel water extract, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and cellulose bacillus while turning over, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation after uniformly mixing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 37 ℃, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after fermenting for 15 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate; the grape skin water extract is prepared by mixing grape skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) planting:
sowing moringa oleifera and citronella grass in the last ten days of 3 months; dibbling 2-3 moringa seeds subjected to seed treatment in a moringa planting ditch every 50cm, covering soil for 4-6 cm, and compacting; mixing fine soil or plant ash into the lemongrass seeds according to the seed amount of 1.8 kg/mu, then sowing the mixture into the lemongrass sowing trench, and covering 2cm of soil; the seed treatment is to soak the moringa seeds for 1 hour by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2 percent, to take out and wash the moringa seeds, to soak the moringa seeds in warm water at the temperature of 65 ℃, to change water for 1 time every 4 hours, to take out and to prepare for sowing after soaking for 12 hours;
(4) forest management and protection:
after the moringa seeds germinate for 15 days, combining ridging to remove weeds and carrying out uniform seeding and replanting; after the moringa seeds germinate for 30 days, spraying a leaching compound fertilizer with the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 40 percent after raining in combination with weeding, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 kg/mu; carrying out artificial weeding when weeds grow by 30-50 cm, and topdressing 200kg after each weeding, wherein the fertilizer used for topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing 500 parts by weight of human and animal manure, 100 parts by weight of fine soil, 35 parts by weight of urea and 10 parts by weight of orange peel water extract and then fermenting for 2 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(5) pruning and shaping:
when the height of the moringa oleifera is 50m, cutting off a trunk from a position of 30cm, leaving 3-4 first-level branches after germination, then cutting off from a position of 50cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 70cm, leaving 10-15 second-level branches, then cutting off from a position of 65cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 90cm, and leaving 20-30 third-level branches; supplementing fertilizer in time according to the growth condition of the branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera, and keeping the whole plant height of the moringa oleifera to be 65-70 cm after the leaves are picked for the last time in winter every year;
(6) harvesting and processing:
collecting tender hearts 10-15 cm from the top of the buds of the second-level branches and the third-level branches of the moringa oleifera to be used as vegetables; collecting moringa oleifera mature leaves, namely breaking off the whole branches from the leaf stalks, drying in the air and shaking off the leaves, wherein the collected moringa oleifera mature leaves can be dried to be made into tea or deeply processed; harvesting the cedronella inflorescences after the cedronella inflorescences are half-cooked, spreading, and drying in the sun for later use.
Example 2:
a compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forests comprises the following measures:
(1) selecting a forest land:
selecting a forest land which is high in temperature and rainy, sufficient in sunlight, good in drainage and fertile in soil, having no severe frost and cold damage weather all the year round, wherein the annual average rainfall is 800-1800 mm, the elevation of the forest land is below 600m, the slope is 5 degrees, the soil is fertile and weakly acidic, and the content of gravels in the soil is 10 percent;
(2) land preparation of forest land:
adopting full reclamation and land preparation; the machine ploughing digging depth is 25cm, ridges are formed into horizontal ridge surfaces with the width of 2m and the height of 15cm, the ridge surfaces are finely dug and leveled after 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is mixed with soil, and drainage channels are smoothly drained at two sides of the ridges; opening a moringa planting ditch with the width of 5-8 cm and the depth of 6-7 cm at the ridge surface which is 10cm away from the upper drainage ditch; digging a lemongrass sowing ditch with the row spacing of 35cm, the width of 3-4 cm and the depth of 2-3 cm in a ridge surface strip-shaped area which is 10cm away from the lower drainage ditch and 50cm away from the moringa oleifera planting ditch; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of pig manure, 23 parts of peanut shell, 12 parts of phosphorus tailings, 15 parts of manioc waste, 6 parts of urea, 7 parts of orange peel water extract, 5 parts of grape peel water extract, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 6 parts of bacillus fibrosus; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing pig manure, peanut shells, phosphorus tailings, manioc wastes and urea, spraying a mixed solution of orange peel water extract, grape peel water extract, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and cellulose bacillus while turning over, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation after uniformly mixing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 36 ℃, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after fermenting for 15 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate; the grape skin water extract is prepared by mixing grape skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) planting:
sowing moringa oleifera and citronella grass in the middle ten days of 4 months; dibbling 2-3 moringa seeds subjected to seed treatment in a moringa planting ditch every 50cm, covering soil for 4-6 cm, and compacting; mixing fine soil or plant ash into the lemongrass seeds according to the seed amount of 2 kg/mu, then sowing the mixture into the lemongrass sowing trench, and covering soil for 1-2 cm; the seed treatment is to soak the moringa seeds for 1 hour by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2 percent, to take out and wash the moringa seeds, to soak the moringa seeds in warm water at the temperature of 65 ℃, to change water for 1 time every 4 hours, to take out and to prepare for sowing after soaking for 12 hours;
(4) forest management and protection:
after the moringa seeds germinate for 15 days, combining ridging to remove weeds and carrying out uniform seeding and replanting; after the moringa seeds sprout for 30 days, spraying a leaching compound fertilizer with 55 percent of available nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after raining in combination with weeding, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 kg/mu; carrying out artificial weeding when weeds grow by 30-50 cm, and topdressing 200kg after each weeding, wherein the fertilizer used for topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing 500 parts by weight of human and animal manure, 100 parts by weight of fine soil, 35 parts by weight of urea and 10 parts by weight of orange peel water extract and then fermenting for 2 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(5) pruning and shaping:
when the height of the moringa oleifera is 50m, cutting off a trunk from a position of 30cm, leaving 3-4 first-level branches after germination, then cutting off from a position of 50cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 70cm, leaving 10-15 second-level branches, then cutting off from a position of 65cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 90cm, and leaving 20-30 third-level branches; supplementing fertilizer in time according to the growth condition of the branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera, and keeping the whole plant height of the moringa oleifera to be 65-70 cm after the leaves are picked for the last time in winter every year;
(6) harvesting and processing:
collecting tender hearts 10-15 cm from the top of the buds of the second-level branches and the third-level branches of the moringa oleifera to be used as vegetables; collecting moringa oleifera mature leaves, namely breaking off the whole branches from the leaf stalks, drying in the air and shaking off the leaves, wherein the collected moringa oleifera mature leaves can be dried to be made into tea or deeply processed; harvesting the cedronella inflorescences after the cedronella inflorescences are half-cooked, spreading, and drying in the sun for later use.
Example 3:
a compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forests comprises the following measures:
(1) selecting a forest land:
selecting a forest land which is high in temperature and rainy, sufficient in sunlight, good in drainage and fertile in soil, having no severe frost and cold damage weather all the year round, wherein the annual average rainfall is 800-1800 mm, the elevation of the forest land is below 600m, the slope is 10 degrees, the soil is fertile and neutral, and the content of gravels in the soil is 5 percent;
(2) land preparation of forest land:
adopting terrace type strip soil preparation; the machine ploughing digging depth is 50cm, ridges are formed into horizontal ridge surfaces with the width of 1.6m and the height of 12cm, the ridge surfaces are finely dug and leveled after 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer mixed soil, and drainage channels are guaranteed to drain water smoothly at two sides of the ridges; opening a moringa planting ditch with the width of 5-8 cm and the depth of 6-7 cm at the ridge surface which is 10cm away from the upper drainage ditch; digging a lemongrass sowing ditch with the row spacing of 35cm, the width of 3-4 cm and the depth of 2-3 cm in a ridge surface strip-shaped area which is 10cm away from the lower drainage ditch and 50cm away from the moringa oleifera planting ditch; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of pig manure, 25 parts of peanut shell, 10 parts of phosphorus tailings, 15 parts of manioc waste, 5 parts of urea, 9 parts of orange peel water extract, 7 parts of grape peel water extract, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 5 parts of bacillus fibrosus; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing pig manure, peanut shells, phosphorus tailings, manioc wastes and urea, spraying a mixed solution of orange peel water extract, grape peel water extract, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and cellulose bacillus while turning over, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation after uniformly mixing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 37 ℃, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after fermenting for 15 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate; the grape skin water extract is prepared by mixing grape skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) planting:
sowing and planting moringa oleifera and citronella grass in 3-4 months; dibbling 2-3 moringa seeds subjected to seed treatment in a moringa planting ditch every 50cm, covering soil for 4-6 cm, and compacting; mixing fine soil or plant ash into the lemongrass seeds according to the seed amount of 1.9 kg/mu, then sowing the mixture into the lemongrass sowing trench, and covering soil for 1 cm; the seed treatment is to soak the moringa seeds for 1 hour by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2 percent, to take out and wash the moringa seeds, to soak the moringa seeds in warm water at the temperature of 65 ℃, to change water for 1 time every 4 hours, to take out and to prepare for sowing after soaking for 12 hours;
(4) forest management and protection:
after the moringa seeds germinate for 15 days, combining ridging to remove weeds and carrying out uniform seeding and replanting; after the moringa seeds sprout for 30 days, spraying a leaching compound fertilizer with the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 35 percent after raining in combination with weeding, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 kg/mu; carrying out artificial weeding when weeds grow by 30-50 cm, and topdressing 200kg after each weeding, wherein the fertilizer used for topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing 500 parts by weight of human and animal manure, 100 parts by weight of fine soil, 35 parts by weight of urea and 10 parts by weight of orange peel water extract and then fermenting for 2 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(5) pruning and shaping:
when the height of the moringa oleifera is 50m, cutting off a trunk from a position of 30cm, leaving 3-4 first-level branches after germination, then cutting off from a position of 50cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 70cm, leaving 10-15 second-level branches, then cutting off from a position of 65cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 90cm, and leaving 20-30 third-level branches; supplementing fertilizer in time according to the growth condition of the branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera, and keeping the whole plant height of the moringa oleifera to be 65-70 cm after the leaves are picked for the last time in winter every year;
(6) harvesting and processing:
collecting tender hearts 10-15 cm from the top of the buds of the second-level branches and the third-level branches of the moringa oleifera to be used as vegetables; collecting moringa oleifera mature leaves, namely breaking off the whole branches from the leaf stalks, drying in the air and shaking off the leaves, wherein the collected moringa oleifera mature leaves can be dried to be made into tea or deeply processed; harvesting the cedronella inflorescences after the cedronella inflorescences are half-cooked, spreading, and drying in the sun for later use.
Example 4:
a compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forests comprises the following measures:
(1) selecting a forest land:
selecting a forest land which is high in temperature and rainy, sufficient in sunlight, good in drainage and fertile in soil, having no severe frost and cold damage weather all the year round, wherein the annual average rainfall is 800-1800 mm, the elevation of the forest land is below 600m, the slope is 15 degrees, the soil is fertile and weakly acidic, and the gravel content in the soil is 6 percent;
(2) land preparation of forest land:
adopting terrace type strip soil preparation; the machine ploughing digging depth is 30cm, ridges are formed into horizontal ridge surfaces with the width of 2m and the height of 15cm, the ridge surfaces are finely dug and leveled after 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is mixed with soil, and drainage channels are smoothly drained at two sides of the ridges; opening a moringa planting ditch with the width of 5-8 cm and the depth of 6-7 cm at the ridge surface which is 10cm away from the upper drainage ditch; digging a lemongrass sowing ditch with the row spacing of 35cm, the width of 3-4 cm and the depth of 2-3 cm in a ridge surface strip-shaped area which is 10cm away from the lower drainage ditch and 50cm away from the moringa oleifera planting ditch; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33 parts of pig manure, 22 parts of peanut shell, 13 parts of phosphorus tailings, 15 parts of manioc waste, 7 parts of urea, 8 parts of orange peel water extract, 6 parts of grape peel water extract, 9 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 5 parts of bacillus fibrosus; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing pig manure, peanut shells, phosphorus tailings, manioc wastes and urea, spraying a mixed solution of orange peel water extract, grape peel water extract, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and cellulose bacillus while turning over, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation after uniformly mixing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 38 ℃, and obtaining the organic fertilizer after fermenting for 15 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate; the grape skin water extract is prepared by mixing grape skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(3) planting:
sowing moringa oleifera and citronella grass in the last ten days of 3 months; dibbling 2-3 moringa seeds subjected to seed treatment in a moringa planting ditch every 50cm, covering soil for 4-6 cm, and compacting; mixing fine soil or plant ash into the lemongrass seeds according to the seed amount of 2 kg/mu, then sowing the mixture into the lemongrass sowing trench, and covering soil for 2 cm; the seed treatment is to soak the moringa seeds for 1 hour by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2 percent, to take out and wash the moringa seeds, to soak the moringa seeds in warm water at the temperature of 65 ℃, to change water for 1 time every 4 hours, to take out and to prepare for sowing after soaking for 12 hours;
(4) forest management and protection:
after the moringa seeds germinate for 15 days, combining ridging to remove weeds and carrying out uniform seeding and replanting; after the moringa seeds germinate for 30 days, spraying a leaching compound fertilizer with the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 40 percent after raining in combination with weeding, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 kg/mu; carrying out artificial weeding when weeds grow by 30-50 cm, and topdressing 200kg after each weeding, wherein the fertilizer used for topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing 500 parts by weight of human and animal manure, 100 parts by weight of fine soil, 35 parts by weight of urea and 10 parts by weight of orange peel water extract and then fermenting for 2 days; the orange peel water extract is prepared by mixing orange peel and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(5) pruning and shaping:
when the height of the moringa oleifera is 50m, cutting off a trunk from a position of 30cm, leaving 3-4 first-level branches after germination, then cutting off from a position of 50cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 70cm, leaving 10-15 second-level branches, then cutting off from a position of 65cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 90cm, and leaving 20-30 third-level branches; supplementing fertilizer in time according to the growth condition of the branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera, and keeping the whole plant height of the moringa oleifera to be 65-70 cm after the leaves are picked for the last time in winter every year;
(6) harvesting and processing:
collecting tender hearts 10-15 cm from the top of the buds of the second-level branches and the third-level branches of the moringa oleifera to be used as vegetables; collecting moringa oleifera mature leaves, namely breaking off the whole branches from the leaf stalks, drying in the air and shaking off the leaves, wherein the collected moringa oleifera mature leaves can be dried to be made into tea or deeply processed; harvesting the cedronella inflorescences after the cedronella inflorescences are half-cooked, spreading, and drying in the sun for later use.
Comparative example 1:
a small plot of the same plot as in example 1 was a control plot of moringa oleifera plain, which was separately divided. The comparative example is consistent with the example 1 in the same land preparation and moringa planting density, and is different from the following point: the base fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer used in conventional planting, and is used for picking normal branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera without fine pruning and shaping.
Comparative example 2:
plots were prepared for the same plot as in example 4, for the individual lots of lemongrass. The comparative example shows the same manner as that of example 4 in the preparation of the lemongrass plot and the planting manner of the lemongrass, and is different from that of example 4 in that: the base fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer used in conventional planting.
The inventor conducts the combined management method for planting the lemongrass under the moringa oleifera forest and the planting method for the moringa oleifera and the lemongrass in the comparative example from 2016, 3 months to the Tan village and the Shang Zhen village in Tan Luo town in the western village region of Guangxi Nanning city, and the related data results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Table of the change of soil nutrient content in the annual average yield and point of application of Moringa oleifera and Cymbopogon citratus for 2 years
As can be seen from table 1, by applying the technology of the present invention, after 2 years of planting, the moringa oleifera and the lemongrass in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 grow vigorously, the plants are healthy, no plant diseases and insect pests are caused, considerable moringa oleifera leaf yield and lemongrass harvest yield are obtained after harvesting, and good economic benefits are achieved; meanwhile, the diversity of plants is increased through compound operation, the land utilization efficiency is greatly improved, particularly, the effective N, P, K content of soil nutrients is greatly improved compared with that before compound operation, the soil structure is improved, and good ecological benefits are embodied.
Comparing the embodiments 1-3 with the comparative example 1, it is found that under the same soil climate and other conditions, the organic fertilizer used in the technology of the invention is lacked in the moringa planting process in the comparative example 1, the soil fertility is attenuated, even the effective P content is increased negatively, the moringa grows in the later period and is weak, and the branch and leaf growth amount is obviously reduced due to the lack of scientific pruning and shaping, and the yield of the tender cabbage and the mature fresh leaves is only about 1/2 of that of the embodiments 1-4. This shows that examples 1 to 3 using the technology of the present invention have a better eco-economic benefit than comparative example 1.
Comparing the example 4 with the comparative example 2, the results show that under the same soil climate and other conditions, the yields of the cedronella in the comparative example and the example are not obviously different, but the yield of the moringa oleifera planting in the comparative example 2 is lacked, and the economic benefit is obviously lagged behind that of the example 4; meanwhile, the content of soil nutrients in example 4 is improved well compared with that in comparative example 2, and the content of alkaline hydrolysis N, the content of available P and the content of available K are obviously improved. This shows that example 4 using the technology of the present invention has a much better eco-economic efficiency than comparative example 2.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A composite management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forests is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a forest land:
selecting a forest land with high temperature, rain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage and fertile soil, having no severe frost and cold damage weather all the year round, wherein the annual average rainfall is between 800 and 1800mm, the elevation of the forest land is below 600m, the gradient is less than or equal to 20 degrees, the soil is neutral or weakly acidic, and the content of gravels in the soil is less than or equal to 10 percent;
(2) land preparation of forest land:
when the slope of the forest land is less than 10 degrees, performing full-reclamation land preparation, and when the slope of the forest land is more than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees, performing terrace-type belt land preparation; the soil digging depth is more than or equal to 25cm, ridges form a horizontal ridge surface with the width of 1.5-2 m and the height of 10-15 cm, the ridge surface is finely raked after mixing 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer with soil, and drainage channels are smoothly drained at two sides of the ridge; opening a moringa planting ditch with the width of 5-8 cm and the depth of 6-7 cm at the ridge surface which is 10cm away from the upper drainage ditch; digging a lemongrass sowing ditch with the row spacing of 35cm, the width of 3-4 cm and the depth of 2-3 cm in a ridge surface strip-shaped area which is 10cm away from the lower drainage ditch and 50cm away from the moringa oleifera planting ditch;
the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of pig manure, 20-25 parts of peanut shell, 10-15 parts of phosphorus tailings, 15 parts of cassava residue, 5-8 parts of urea, 6-9 parts of orange peel water extract, 5-7 parts of grape peel water extract, 8-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 5-6 parts of bacillus fibrosus; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing pig manure, peanut shells, phosphorus tailings, manioc wastes and urea, spraying a mixed solution of orange peel water extract, grape peel water extract, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and cellulose bacillus while turning over, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation after uniformly mixing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 36-38 ℃, and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer;
(3) planting:
sowing and planting moringa oleifera and citronella grass in 3-4 months; dibbling 2-3 moringa seeds subjected to seed treatment in a moringa planting ditch every 50cm, covering soil for 4-6 cm, and compacting; mixing fine soil or plant ash into the lemongrass seeds according to the seed amount of 1.8-2 kg/mu, then sowing the mixture into a lemongrass sowing ditch, and covering 1-2 cm of soil;
(4) forest management and protection:
after the moringa seeds germinate for 15 days, combining ridging to remove weeds and carrying out uniform seeding and replanting; after the moringa seeds germinate for 30 days, spraying a leaching compound fertilizer with the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of more than or equal to 35 percent after raining in combination with weeding, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 kg/mu; carrying out artificial weeding when weeds grow by 30-50 cm, and topdressing 200kg after each weeding, wherein the fertilizer used for topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing 500 parts by weight of human and animal manure, 100 parts by weight of fine soil, 35 parts by weight of urea and 10 parts by weight of orange peel water extract and then fermenting for 2 days;
(5) pruning and shaping:
when the height of the moringa oleifera is 50m, cutting off a trunk from a position of 30cm, leaving 3-4 first-level branches after germination, then cutting off from a position of 50cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 70cm, leaving 10-15 second-level branches, then cutting off from a position of 65cm when the moringa oleifera grows to 90cm, and leaving 20-30 third-level branches; supplementing fertilizer in time according to the growth condition of the branches and leaves of the moringa oleifera, and keeping the whole plant height of the moringa oleifera to be 65-70 cm after the leaves are picked for the last time in winter every year;
(6) harvesting and processing:
collecting tender hearts 10-15 cm from the top of the buds of the second-level branches and the third-level branches of the moringa oleifera to be used as vegetables; collecting moringa oleifera mature leaves, namely breaking off the whole branches from the leaf stalks, drying in the air and shaking off the leaves, wherein the collected moringa oleifera mature leaves can be dried to be made into tea or deeply processed; harvesting the cedronella inflorescences after the cedronella inflorescences are half-cooked, spreading, and drying in the sun for later use.
2. The compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the orange peel water extract in the step (2) and the step (4) is prepared by mixing and decocting orange peel and water for 1 hour according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and filtering to obtain filtrate; and (3) mixing the grape skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, decocting for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate to obtain the grape skin water extract.
3. The compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the seed treatment refers to soaking the moringa seeds for 1 hour by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2%, fishing out and washing, soaking in warm water at 65 ℃, changing water for 1 time every 4 hours, and fishing out for later sowing after soaking for 12 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811541263.8A CN109511482B (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forest |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811541263.8A CN109511482B (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forest |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109511482A CN109511482A (en) | 2019-03-26 |
CN109511482B true CN109511482B (en) | 2021-02-19 |
Family
ID=65796108
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811541263.8A Active CN109511482B (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forest |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN109511482B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110771298A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-11 | 云南吉成园林科技股份有限公司 | Plant cultivation method for ecological restoration |
CN111837788A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-10-30 | 高玉宗 | Method for improving under-forest vegetation yield in under-forest economic forest and grass mode |
CN113303164A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-08-27 | 广西壮族自治区国有七坡林场 | Method for planting under forest efficiently |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106665034A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-05-17 | 云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所 | Method for interplanting purple sweet potatoes under moringa oleifera forest |
CN107371973A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 桂平市金田镇旷福淮山种植专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of Moringa interplanting mung bean |
-
2018
- 2018-12-17 CN CN201811541263.8A patent/CN109511482B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106665034A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-05-17 | 云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所 | Method for interplanting purple sweet potatoes under moringa oleifera forest |
CN107371973A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 桂平市金田镇旷福淮山种植专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of Moringa interplanting mung bean |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
辣木在广东梅州的引种表现及栽培管理技术;林新等;《中国园艺文摘》;20170226(第2期);第163-166页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109511482A (en) | 2019-03-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103283450B (en) | Golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method | |
CN103798030B (en) | Anji white tea ecological and efficient cultivation method | |
CN102342215B (en) | Ginger seedling-raising, transplanting and cultivating method | |
CN106613705B (en) | Old tea-oil tree forest transformation method | |
CN104311339B (en) | Cultivation medium and artificial cultivation method for portulaca pilosa | |
CN105660239B (en) | Purple Chinese yam growing nursery and culture matrix and its method for culturing seedlings | |
CN103975711A (en) | Cultivation method for autumn greenhouse watermelons | |
CN107258300A (en) | A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting | |
CN102812831A (en) | Composite ecological cultivation method for tea, grass and fungi in southern mountain young tea garden | |
CN102884935A (en) | Plant maca growing method in lower altitude areas | |
CN105613024A (en) | Organic cultivation and rotation method for watermelons, rice and water chestnuts in spring and summer | |
CN104604462A (en) | Cultivation method for honeysuckle | |
CN105028111A (en) | Interplanting method for tea-oil trees and mulberry leaves | |
CN107853051A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of high mountain tea tree | |
CN106613616A (en) | Green tea planting method | |
CN109511482B (en) | Compound management method for planting lemongrass in leaf moringa oleifera forest | |
CN107306625A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of high yield dragon fruit | |
CN105960981A (en) | Ramie direct sowing culture method | |
CN102422768A (en) | Method for planting andrographis paniculata | |
CN106561455A (en) | Konjak interplanting method | |
CN108157115B (en) | Compound planting method of paeonia rockii for oil in arid sand area | |
CN101292624B (en) | Method for soilless cultivation of salt resistant leafy vegetables by using sea water | |
CN106258420B (en) | Organic cultivation method for paddy-upland rotation of summer and autumn peppers | |
CN104838955A (en) | Interplanting method in tea garden | |
CN109716990B (en) | Cultivation method of red soil dry land pollution-free silage raw material broussonetia papyrifera |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Application publication date: 20190326 Assignee: Guangxi Wuzhou Ningye Modern Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION FORESTRY Research Institute Contract record no.: X2023980046499 Denomination of invention: A Compound Management Method for Planting Lemongrass under the Leaf Spicy Wood Forest Granted publication date: 20210219 License type: Common License Record date: 20231109 |
|
EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |