CN101637084A - Method for breeding tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia seedlings by combining hardwood cutting and root seedling raising - Google Patents
Method for breeding tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia seedlings by combining hardwood cutting and root seedling raising Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for realizing large-scale asexual propagation of tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia by obtaining tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia self-rooted seedlings through a hardwood cutting way, establishing a root collecting garden by the self-rooted seedlings, then using collected excellent variety root strips as propagation materials and using a plant growth regulator in a matching way. The method obtains tetraploid locust self-rooted seedlings through tissue culture or hard branch cuttage, establishes a root cutting garden by the self-rooted seedlings, promotes the growth of the root cutting garden through fertilizer strengthening and water management, and can provide a large batch of root segments every year after 2 years. Collecting root systems in spring, screening robust root systems with the thickness of 0.3cm, trimming the root systems to grow root segments of 5-6 cm, and transplanting the root segments on a seedbed. Most of the seedlings grown in the current year can reach 1.0m, and the ground diameter reaches 0.8cm, so that the method can be used for afforestation. The method is simple, reasonable in design and remarkable in effect, and can greatly improve the propagation efficiency of the tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia improved seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of forest improved seeds nursery stock vegetative propagation field; specifically a kind of by cuttage approach acquisition tetraploid locust own-rooted tree; adopt the root garden with own-rooted tree foundation; the improved seeds root bar that passes through then to gather is used plant growth regulator and realizes the vegetative production method of tetraploid locust scale as propagating materials.
Background technology
Locust tree (Robinia pseudoacaia L) is the Papilionaceae deciduous tree, originates in inferior mountain range of eastern united states Appalachia and Keshan arteries and veins one band difficult to understand.This seeds happiness temperature, drought-enduring, resistance, adaptability are strong, and growth is rapidly; Material is tough and tensile, and texture is careful, and high resilience, water-fast wet, anti-rotten, suitable to ore pillar, farm implements material also is important feed, the firewood charcoal energy and nectariferous plant.Earlier 1900s, area under cultivation enlarged rapidly after the fifties by be introduced into China Qingdao from Europe, extensively cultivated in the ditch of Loess Plateau slope plateau face and the Yellow River middle and lower reaches, the riverbank in Basin of Huaihe River area, beach, light saline land.Be used as the chief species of building the living timber forest of speed, firewood forest, soil and water conservation forest at present in the vast zone of 124 °～86 ° of 23 °～46 ° east longitudes of north latitude.Tetraploid locust is Korea S mountain forest Room Forest Genetics Research Inst. appliable plant ploidy breeding technology, makes locust tree somatic double (2n=20 by induced mutations; 4n=40) the locust tree choiceness of seed selection success, because the megasoma effect of polyploid, make this strain show growth rapidly with respect to the common diploid locust tree, the blade hypertrophy, biomass is big, the high characteristics of nutrition content such as protein, fat in the cauline leaf are very suitable to building high-quality feed woods (culturing herbivores such as deer, sheep, rabbit) and building fast growing timber forest, firewood forest, shelter forest.
China successively introduced the tetraploid locust of 5 numbers of being in 1997, was divided into speed and gave birth to material type and big two types of leaf feed type.Tetraploid locust is compared with common locust tree clone, and following main feature is arranged:
1) blade hypertrophy, the photosynthesis assimilation ability is strong, is rich in multivitamin and mineral matter, and single leaf area is more than 2 times of dliploid locust tree, and single leaf and compound leaf dry weight are more than 1.5 times of dliploid locust tree.Crude protein content 24.68%, crude fiber content 16.73%, crude fat 3.76%, no N extract 51.85% in the browse;
2) speed is given birth to, well developed root system, and flourishing, the sprout tillers ability is strong, and is low temperature resistant, arid, barren, anti-saline and alkaline, and disease and insect resistance absorbs SO
2Ability is strong, wide accommodation.
In the good area of natural conditions, speed is given birth to 1 year living height of seedling Du Keda 3m of material type, leading thread 3.5cm; 3 years living height of tree 5m～7m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 6cm～9cm, year high growth average out to 3.2m, footpath amount of growth 3cm.The compression strength parallel to grain 71MPa of timber, the careful high resilience of texture, water-fast wet, anti-rotten, be fit to do ore pillar, floor, furniture and other construction timbers.Big leaf feed type biomass is big, be rich in abundant trace element such as the multiple rope of supporting one's family, mineral matter and calcium, phosphorus etc., and the nutrient composition content height is the high-quality feed of domestic animals such as sheep, ox.Limb is stingless, is arbuscle, the convenient harvesting and processing, and the domestic animal Shi Buhui of searching for food injures digestive tract, and palatability is good.From the back beginning in the 2nd year of planting, can produce bright branches and leaves 60000kg/hm every year
2～75000kg/hm
2
Tetraploid locust generally adopts tissue culture and grafting method to carry out vegetative propagation after introducing China.Tissue culture needs the aseptic condition that is used for medium preparation, sterilization, inoculation, cultivation and is used for the full-automatic greenhouse and the professional operating technology of the regulated temp. and humidity of acclimatization and transplants, input is big, production cost is high, has restricted the popularization of forest improved seeds.Grafting method need be carried and cultivate rootstock seedling the previous year, and growing-seedling period is long, and the nursery stock of cultivating easily causes windbreak and form not straight because the difference of stock and scion part growth rate forms " little pedopathy " after planting.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of cuttage and the root segment method of fast breeding tetraploid locust nursery stock of combining of growing seedlings.The reproductive efficiency height of this method, technology maturation is for the tetraploid locust popularization provides effective technology path.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of utilize cuttage and root segment to grow seedlings to combine breed the method for tetraploid locust nursery stock, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) gather the fringe bar: then November early and middle ten days, treat tetraploid locust seedling fallen leaves after, select to gather the tree body and gave birth to healthy and strong branch last 1 year;
2) the fringe bar is stored: branch is adopted go back to the back, and to select rugosity be the part of 1.0cm～1.5cm, shears the fringe bar of growth 10cm, and the top and the bottom clip is apart from bud 0.5cm～1.0cm, ties up bundledly, is stored in the leeward place that cools with the wet river sand lamination of cleaning;
3) do the seedbed wholely: select the plot that soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, apply pig manure, cow dung or other farmyard manures that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed by 4000kg/ mu, or apply diammonium phosphate by 20kg/ mu, go into the winter freeze preceding deep ploughing, pour water; Spring, the soil shallow rake in back that thaws was made the level bed of wide 1.5m;
4) plugged ear is handled: before and after March 10, taking out the fringe bar, is ABT1 root-inducing powder immersion fringe bar base portion 2cm～3cm of 4000mg/L with concentration, soak time 12h;
5) cuttage: after immersion treatment was finished, according to line-spacing 30cm, the even cuttage of spacing in the rows 15cm required to expose more than the ground 1 bud on the seedbed with the fringe bar, and last clip is with the paint sealing; Water once permeablely then, treat to ooze the back under water and set up shed on the seedbed, the sunshade net is set up in the shed outside; Regulating temperature of shed according to temperature Change remains between 15 ℃～20 ℃;
6) seedling management: when the daily mean temperature temperate zone reaches 12 ℃, remove shed, only stay sunshade net adjustment temperate zone and illumination; Treat that plugged ear top bud sprouts when reaching 0.5cm～1.0cm, the double sprout top that cuts off, control its endotrophic consumption, treating that kryptoblast is sprouted again newly grows into 10cm slightly, leaf surface spraying concentration is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 200mg/L and the mixed fertilizer of urea, per 10 days 1 time, newly grow slightly promoting; Since mid-May, seedbed management is strengthened in the fertilising of weeding in time;
7) transplant planting: early November, the growth of cuttage seedlings height reached more than the 100cm then when falling leaves, and set up according to the seeding row spacing transplant planting of 1.5 * 2.5m and adopted the root garden;
8) adopt the root garden and make bed wholely: be identical with step 3) making seedbed method;
9) gathering root segment and root inserts: the seedling of adopting in the root garden will be strengthened fertilizer, water management, through the growth in 2 years, can gather root system and root and insert, and it is 10～March 15 March that root system collection and root are inserted the time;
The method of A, root system collection is to take root system with radial around the trunk, selects rugosity wherein to reach the healthy and strong root of 0.5～1.0cm, cuts the root segment that is cut into length 10cm;
It is that root segment is ditched according to the 50cm line-spacing that B, root are inserted, lie in the ditch according to spacing in the rows 30cm, and earthing 2cm～3cm, little water is irrigated, in order to avoid root segment is gone out; Treat to ooze the back covered with plastic film under water;
10) seedling management: through 10～15 days, root segment can rudiment be emerged, and when treating seedling portion being about to touch plastic film slightly, scratched plastic film with blade and emitted newly slightly, and wet soil sealing plastic film otch is piled up in the bottom, in order to avoid the burn seedling and the loss of moisture; After mid-April, temperature was stablized, all remove plastic film, give birth to the phase in the nursery stock speed in June～August, in time intertill and clean tillage is strengthened water and fertilizer management, the promotion seedling growth;
11) give birth to seedling height then and reach 1.0m, the nursery stock leading thread reaches can go out garden construction fodder forest or firewood forest more than the 0.8cm.
The method of utilizing cuttage and root segment to grow seedlings to combine fast breeding tetraploid locust nursery stock of the present invention makes breeding efficient and can reaching 80% of tetraploid locust own-rooted tree wood.Method is simple, and is reasonable in design, and effect is remarkable, can improve the reproductive efficiency of tetraploid locust breeding nursery stock greatly.
Embodiment
A kind of method of utilizing cuttage and root segment to grow seedlings to combine fast breeding tetraploid locust nursery stock of the present invention, growing seedlings with tetraploid locust cuttage and the root propagation of tetraploid locust kind combines, and its tetraploid locust cuttage can be divided into: gather that fringe bar, fringe bar are stored, the root garden is adopted in whole the seedbed, plugged ear processing, cuttage, seedling management, foundation of doing; The root propagation of tetraploid locust kind is grown seedlings and can be divided into: do wholely and adopt root garden bed, gather root segment, root is inserted and grown seedlings, seedling management, go out the garden and build fodder forest or firewood forest.Specific implementation process comprises:
(1) gather the fringe bar: then November early and middle ten days, treat tetraploid locust seedling fallen leaves after, select to gather the tree body and gave birth to healthy and strong branch last 1 year.
(2) the fringe bar is stored: it is the part of 1.0-1.5cm that branch is adopted back back selection rugosity, shears the fringe bar of growth 15cm, and the top and the bottom clip is tied up bundled wet river sand lamination with cleaning and is stored in the leeward place that cools apart from bud 0.5-1.0cm.
(3) do the seedbed: select the plot that soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, apply FeSO wholely
4150kg/hm
2The pig manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, cow dung or other farmyard manures 60000kg/hm
2Or diammonium phosphate 300kg/hm
2, go into the winter freeze preceding deep ploughing, pour water.Spring, the soil shallow rake in back that thaws was made the level bed of wide 1.5m.
(4) plugged ear is handled: about March 10, taking out the fringe bar, is the ABT1 root-inducing powder immersion fringe bar base portion 2-3cm of 4000mg/L with concentration, immersion treatment time 12h.Because locust tree belongs to the callus rooting types, its body contains very strong inhibiting substances and the endogenous hormones of taking root and lacks, and to be difficult to proliferation and differentiation be that the root original hase forms root system to the root archaeocyte under field conditions (factors), so cuttage rooting difficulty comparatively.Adopt the ABT1 root-inducing powder immersion treatment tetraploid locust plugged ear base portion of high concentration, can promote the parenchyma cell at plugged ear lower cut-out place to be differentiated to form callus rapidly, and then be converted into the root original hase.Through the moisture, the temperature adjusting that continue after a while, the progressively elongation growth of tetraploid locust plugged ear base portion root original hase can form the complete plant of a strain.
(5) cuttage: after immersion treatment is finished with the fringe bar according to line-spacing 30cm, the even cuttage of spacing in the rows 15cm requires to expose more than the ground 1 bud on the seedbed, last clip is with paint sealing.Water once permeablely then, treat to ooze the back under water and on the seedbed, set up little shed, set up the sunshade net outside the little shed with fine bamboo rod and Polypropylence Sheet.Adopt the way adjusting temperature of shed that opening ventilates, covers or remove little shed and sunshade net to remain between 15 ℃～20 ℃ according to temperature Change.
(6) seedling management: when daily mean temperature temperate zone to 12 ℃, remove little shed, only stay the sunshade net and adjust temperature and illumination.Treat that plugged ear top bud sprouts when reaching 0.5cm～1.0cm, its endotrophic consumption is controlled on the double sprout top that cuts off.Treating that kryptoblast is sprouted again newly grows into 10cm slightly, and leaf surface spraying concentration is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 200mg/L and the mixed fertilizer of a urea (potassium dihydrogen phosphate: urea=1: 1), sprayed 1 time in per 10 days, newly grow slightly promoting.Since mid-May, seedbed management is strengthened in the fertilising of weeding in time.
(7) transplant planting: early November, the growth of cuttage seedlings height can reach more than the 100cm then when falling leaves.The root garden is adopted in seeding row spacing transplant planting foundation according to 1.5 * 2.5m.
(8) do wholely and adopt root garden bed: to make the seedbed method identical with abovementioned steps (three).
(9) collection root segment and root are inserted and grown seedlings: the seedling of adopting in the root garden will be strengthened fertilizer, water management, through the growth in 2 years, can gather root system and root and insert.It is on March-15 on the 10th that root system collection and root are inserted the time.
A, the method for gathering root system are to take root system with radial around trunk, select rugosity wherein to reach the healthy and strong root of 0.5～1.0cm, cut the root segment that is cut into length 10cm.
B: root segment according to 50cm line-spacing trench digging, is lain in root segment in the ditch according to spacing in the rows 30cm, earthing 2-3cm, little water is irrigated, in order to avoid root segment is gone out.Treat to ooze the back covered with plastic film under water.
(10) seedling management: through 10-15 days, root segment can be emerged in rudiment, when treating seedling on the root segment portion being about to touch plastic film slightly, need scratch plastic film with blade and emit newly slightly, and the wet soil closure of incisions is piled up in the bottom, in order to avoid the burn seedling and the loss of moisture.Enter mid-April temperature stable after, all remove plastic film.Give birth to the phase in 6-8 month nursery stock speed, in time intertill and clean tillage is strengthened water and fertilizer management, promotes seedling growth.
(11) the seedling growth height reaches 1.0m then, and the nursery stock leading thread reaches can go out garden afforestation more than the 0.8cm.
Method of the present invention is simple, and is reasonable in design, and effect is remarkable, can improve the reproductive efficiency of tetraploid locust breeding nursery stock greatly.Tetraploid locust is adopted the root garden and is built up and can begin to gather root segment in back 2 years, the good nursery stock that breeds out with the method.
From calendar year 2001～2004 year, the applicant successively in the Mei County, Shaanxi Province, Ganquan County, Fu County, Sanyuan County and Yulin City Yuyang District carried out the demonstration test of growing seedlings, through the demonstration test more than 3 years, make breeding efficient and can reaching more than 80% of tetraploid locust own-rooted tree wood, prove that the method that adopts cuttage of the present invention and root segment to grow seedlings to combine the fast breeding tetraploid locust is valid approach during present tetraploid locust is promoted.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of utilize cuttage and root segment to grow seedlings to combine breed the method for tetraploid locust nursery stock, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) gather the fringe bar: then November early and middle ten days, treat tetraploid locust seedling fallen leaves after, select to gather the tree body and gave birth to healthy and strong branch last 1 year;
2) the fringe bar is stored: branch is adopted go back to the back, and to select rugosity be the part of 1.0cm～1.5cm, shears the fringe bar of growth 10cm, and the top and the bottom clip is apart from bud 0.5cm～1.0cm, ties up bundledly, is stored in the leeward place that cools with the wet river sand lamination of cleaning;
3) do the seedbed wholely: select the plot that soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, apply pig manure, cow dung or other farmyard manures that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed by 4000kg/ mu, or apply diammonium phosphate by 20kg/ mu, go into the winter freeze preceding deep ploughing, pour water; Spring, the soil shallow rake in back that thaws was made the level bed of wide 1.5m;
4) plugged ear is handled: before and after March 10, taking out the fringe bar, is ABT1 root-inducing powder immersion fringe bar base portion 2cm～3cm of 4000mg/L with concentration, soak time 12h;
5) cuttage: after immersion treatment was finished, according to line-spacing 30cm, the even cuttage of spacing in the rows 15cm required to expose more than the ground 1 bud on the seedbed with the fringe bar, and last clip is with the paint sealing; Water once permeablely then, treat to ooze the back under water and set up shed on the seedbed, the sunshade net is set up in the shed outside; Regulating temperature of shed according to temperature Change remains between 15 ℃～20 ℃;
6) seedling management: when the daily mean temperature temperate zone reaches 12 ℃, remove shed, only stay sunshade net adjustment temperate zone and illumination; Treat that plugged ear top bud sprouts when reaching 0.5cm～1.0cm, the double sprout top that cuts off, control its endotrophic consumption, treating that kryptoblast is sprouted again newly grows into 10cm slightly, leaf surface spraying concentration is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 200mg/L and the mixed fertilizer of urea, sprayed 1 time in per 10 days, and newly grew slightly promoting; Since mid-May, seedbed management is strengthened in the fertilising of weeding in time;
7) transplant planting: early November, the growth of cuttage seedlings height reached more than the 100cm then when falling leaves, and set up according to the seeding row spacing transplant planting of 1.5 * 2.5m and adopted the root garden;
8) do wholely and adopt root garden bed: to make the seedbed method identical with step 3);
9) collection root segment and root are inserted and grown seedlings: the seedling of adopting in the root garden will be strengthened fertilizer, water management, through the growth in 2 years, can gather root system and root and insert, and it is 10～March 15 March that root system collection and root are inserted the time;
The method of A, root system collection is to take root system with radial around the trunk, selects rugosity wherein to reach the healthy and strong root of 0.5～1.0cm, cuts the root segment that is cut into length 10cm;
It is that root segment is ditched according to the 50cm line-spacing that B, root are inserted, lie in the ditch according to spacing in the rows 30cm, and earthing 2cm～3cm, little water is irrigated, in order to avoid root segment is gone out; Treat to ooze the back covered with plastic film under water;
10) seedling management: through 10～15 days, root segment can rudiment be emerged, and when treating seedling on the root segment portion being about to touch plastic film slightly, scratched plastic film with blade and emitted newly slightly, and wet soil sealing plastic film otch is piled up in the bottom, in order to avoid the burn seedling and the loss of moisture; After mid-April, temperature was stablized, all remove plastic film, give birth to the phase in the nursery stock speed in June～August, in time intertill and clean tillage is strengthened water and fertilizer management, the promotion seedling growth;
11) give birth to seedling height then and reach 1.0m, the nursery stock leading thread reaches can go out garden construction fodder forest or firewood forest more than the 0.8cm.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described adjusting temperature of shed adopts the method that opening ventilates, covers or remove shed and sunshade net to carry out.
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