CN102812831A - Composite ecological cultivation method for tea, grass and fungi in southern mountain young tea garden - Google Patents
Composite ecological cultivation method for tea, grass and fungi in southern mountain young tea garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN102812831A CN102812831A CN2012100368245A CN201210036824A CN102812831A CN 102812831 A CN102812831 A CN 102812831A CN 2012100368245 A CN2012100368245 A CN 2012100368245A CN 201210036824 A CN201210036824 A CN 201210036824A CN 102812831 A CN102812831 A CN 102812831A
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Abstract
The invention aims at disclosing a composite ecological cultivation method for tea, grass and fungi in a southern mountain young tea garden. The method is favorable for improving the physical property of the soil in the tea garden and improving the soil fertility level, and belongs to the technical field of composite ecological tea garden building, edible fungi culture, cyclic agriculture technology and tea garden soil improvement. According to the method, bean pasture chamaecrista rotundifolia and stropharia rugoso-annulata are sequentially interplanted in the southern mountain young tea garden. The composite ecological cultivation method has the advantages that the gap land and the growth characteristics of tea trees, the stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bean pasture chamaecrista rotundifolia are sufficiently utilized, pasture and edible fungi are introduced into the tea garden ecological system, the original matter content of the soil in the tea garden can be improved, the consumption of chemical fertilizers is reduced, the ecological environment of the tea garden is improved, the tea yield is favorably improved, the tea quality is improved, and the income of tea farmers is increased.
Description
Technical field
A kind of southern mountain children of the present invention tea place in age " tea～grass～bacterium " complex ecological cultivation method belongs to the construction of complex ecological tea place, edible fungus culturing, circular agriculture technology and tea garden soil improving technology field.
Background technology
The tea place, south is built hilly and mountainous land mostly in and is main with the clear cultivation method of ploughing; This traditional tea place cultivation mode is because the fertilizer source is rare; Especially nitrogenous fertilizer is excessive and kind is single to fertilize, has caused the decline of tea place water and soil loss and soil fertility, and environmental pollution is serious; Greenhouse gas emission increases, and has also influenced quality of tea leaves and quality safety.
Tea tree is the perennial woody plant, the line-spacing big (about 1.2～2.0m) of planting, and planting tea place and deep pruning tea place need could seal row after one to three year; During this period, just become open ground between the tea plant, not only wasted luminous energy; And grow weeds, and increase farming man-hour, also be unfavorable for preserving soil moisture.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata belongs to straw rotting fungus, cultivates Stropharia rugoso-annulata under field conditions (factors), generally when 8～30 ℃ of temperature, all can sow, and is fit to south autumn, winter, spring cultivation.Extremely extensive because of its Survival Factor, adaptability is extremely strong, therefore often interplants between other crops, forms the vertical cultivation structure, produces favorable economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of southern mountain children tea place in age " tea～grass～bacterium " complex ecological cultivation method, help improving the tea garden soil physical behavior, the level of increasing soil fertility.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is following:
Interplant leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia and Stropharia rugoso-annulata successively in southern mountain children tea place in age.
Specifically, in tealeaves picking time, space interplanting leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia between the tea plant of tea place; In the tea tree envelope garden phase, tea place interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
More specifically, in tealeaves picking time, space interplanting leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia between the tea plant of tea place cradles Chamaecrista Rotundifolia green manuring earthing and goes back to the garden and make green manure or shine into hay and make tea place interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation batching; In the tea tree envelope garden phase, tea place interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata, one or both in employing tea branch, the Chamaecrista Rotundifolia hay are the primary raw material of Stropharia rugoso-annulata medium, the bacterium slag returns as fertilizer and executes the tea place.
Distinguishing feature of the present invention is: at tealeaves picking time (the 3 middle of the month～the first tenday period of a month in October) interplanting leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia; Can not only effectively prevent the tea place water and soil loss, improve soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility; Regulate soil temperature and water content; Improve tea yield and quality, and can influence edaphon and enzymic activity, the effect that can also play the protection natural enemy simultaneously, improves bio-diversity.At tea tree envelope garden phase (the 10 middle of the month～the second year the first tenday period of a month in March) interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata, help improving the tea garden soil physical behavior, the level of increasing soil fertility; Improve spring tea output and quality; Do sth. in advance the germination period of spring tea.
The practical implementation method
Prove absolutely embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment 1
One, tealeaves picking time (the 3 middle of the month～the first tenday period of a month in October), tea place interplanting leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia
1, sowingSowing time to be being advisable for 4～June, optimum sowing time by the end of April～5 month at the beginning of, the sub-0.5kg of mu sowing, mu is dressed seed with fused calcium magnesium phosphate 5～10kg and is made base manure.Soil is wanted meticulous whole ground before the sowing, ploughs removal of impurities clearly.Chamaecrista Rotundifolia kind skin is hard, and preceding fully the stirring with mill with 1 part of seed and 10 parts of sands of sowing broken in the seed coat, and helps improving percentage of seedgermination.Sowing first is regional, and seed will be used the seed dressing of tailored version rhizobium, improves nitrogen fixing capacity to promote root nodule to form.Bunch planting, drilling, all can broadcast sowing drilling best results, sowing depth 1～2cm.Bunch planting, drilling are preferable with 20～30cm seeding row spacing, and 4～5 seeds in the every cave of bunch planting broadcast sowing and should suitably strengthen seeding quantity.
2, plant planting managementChamaecrista Rotundifolia planting in seedling stage is slower, needs in good time intertill and clean tillage 1～2 time, and sees that the growth of cereal crop seedlings topdresses on a small quantity, after 6～July growth vigorous, form cover layer, suppress weed growth, need not manage, the harvesting back is fitted and is executed phosphate fertilizer.The old meadow of surviving the winter is fitted before the winter and after the green sprouting and is executed phosphorus, potash fertilizer, with growth promotion.
3, harvesting green manuringShould in time cut green grass or young crops and turn over to press and make green manure or shine into hay and make tea place interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation batching, cradle toothing and be not less than 20cm.The Chamaecrista Rotundifolia of sowing can gather in 2～3 times then, wherein average bright careless output 30000～45000 Kg/ hm of prestige grace Chamaecrista Rotundifolia
2, Fujian is drawn output of Chamaecrista Rotundifolia harvesting and is reached 9000～13000kg/hm
2(dry weight), Fujian are selected output 5600kg/hm of Chamaecrista Rotundifolia results
2(dry weight).
Two, the tea tree envelope garden phase (the 10 middle of the month～the second year the first tenday period of a month in March), tea place interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata
1, crops for rotation arrangement
Southern mountain tea place interplanting cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata; Generally when 8～30 ℃ of temperature, all can sow; With 15～26 ℃ be optimum, therefore the whole production cycle just was arranged in autumn tea and adopts back sowing (about October) about 120～150 days; Spring tea is adopted preceding fruiting (about March), does not influence the daily production management of tealeaves.
2, the cultivation place is constructed
The interplanting mode adopts tea tree ridge cultivation in the ranks, and furrow are wide 80～100 centimetres, and the furrow face is made into turtleback shape or smooth, on one side furrow are reserved wide 20 centimetres of ditches, is convenient to draining and production operation.It is loose to make it slaking to furrow soil scarifying solarization in vain before the stone, and the furrow face spreads lime disinfection.
3, plant formulation
Straw 100%;
Or weeds 50%, straw 30%, tea branch wood chips 20%;
Or weeds 80%, tea branch wood chips 20%; (weeds comprise the Chamaecrista Rotundifolia hay)
That cultivate material requires is fresh, dry, not mouldy, without putrefaction, be not with worm, no noxious pollutant.Above-mentioned raw materials need not add other auxiliary materials and can cultivate.
4, cultivate material preliminary treatment
4.1 the cultivate material immersion is handled: stack weeds, straw, tea branch wood chips on the ground, whole day water spray 2～3 times, and even sprayed 6～10 days, guarantee that weeds, straw, tea branch wood chips all suction moisture.The weeds of having drenched, straw, tea branch wood chips dripped one day by it naturally, made its water content reach 70～75%.
4.2 heap fermentation in advance: have only when daytime temperature is higher than more than 23 ℃, just need pile fermentation in advance.The grass of having drenched is placed on the level land, pile wide 1.5～2 meters, high 1～1.5 meter, the solid haystack that length is not limit, turning is once built the heap sowing through moving into the cultivation place in 2～3 days afterwards again after 3 days.
5, stone sowing
Earlier the ridge-up bed water spray is drenched, divide three layers of stone two layers of sowing then.8～10 centimetres of basecoat stones, compacting, uniform broadcasting bacterial classification; 10～12 centimetres of second layer stones, sow the same the second time, and 2～4 centimetres of the superiors' stones, hay consumption are 15～30 kilograms/meter
2, 1～2 bag every square metre of bacterial classification consumption (500g～800g).Cover on the charge level 3～5 centimetres of thickness of earth covering after after planting directly utilizing the field soil of furrow ditch to smash.Cover weeds or straw or other stalk behind the earthing immediately, sowing slow chance temperature (being lower than 12 ℃) on the low side can be at earthing aspect loam cake last layer mulch film.
6, bacteria developing period management
6.1 cultivate material moisture is regulated
In after planting 20 days, moisturizing at ordinary times should be sprayed on the covering, avoids unnecessary water to permeate in the pan feeding.As if running into the rainy day during this period, need cover on the covering with film, prevent that rainwater from infiltrating the mushroom bed and causing the interior humidity of heap excessive, treat to raise film again behind the rain, get rid of mushroom bed ponding all around simultaneously.
6.2 growth period of hypha moisture is regulated
Sow that the mycelia on the mushroom bed can account for more than 1/2 of composts or fertilisers of cultivating after 20 days, this moment, dry blushing appearred in the grass on mushroom bed surface sometimes, at this moment should suitably spray water, and water spray should gently spray, and the side around the mushroom bed should be sprayed more, and the middle part should be sprayed or not spray less.
6.3 the heap temperature is regulated
Will be after building the heap sowing, every morning and the warm variation of time sight heap in afternoon require the temperature control of mushroom bed heap about 25 ℃.When heap temperature below 20 ℃ the time, should reach in the morning and thicken careless quilt night, and on heap covered with plastic film, treat to lift again at sunrise daytime the thin film.Otherwise it is warm when higher to run into heap, can make a call to 2～3 holes in heap gap, centre, and the hole diameter is grasped about 6 centimetres, 15～20 centimetres of the hole degree of depth.
7, fruiting period management
7.1 humidity regulation
It is 90～95% that the fruiting stage requires relative air humidity, and autumn, weather was dry, if overburden layer drying occurs and turns white, the method for available spraying is preserved moisture.Also will often spot-check the water content situation in the heap, if after mycelia walked forage, straw became faint yellow, clutch composts or fertilisers of cultivating with hand, existing soft sense has moist feeling again, also has water droplet to occur sometimes slightly, explains that the water content in the heap is moderate; If have the globule of successive line to occur after mildew and rot shape or extruding are arranged, explain that moisture is too many, must stop water spray, lift covering, promote water evaporates in the bacterium bed; Or dig trenches to drain the water away the lowering of watertable of trying one's best; On the bacterium bed surface or the side beat several holes, promote bacterium bed inner air flow.
7.2 temperature adjusting
During the long mushroom if run into frost, the one, note thickening careless quilt, covering with plastic film; The 2nd, spray water less or not spray water, prevent that mushroom receives freeze injury.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
8.1 assorted bacterium
The assorted bacterium of the competitiveness that the most often takes place in the course of cultivation is terrible umbrella class and excrement bowl etc.In control, should be to put prevention first, that the weeds of use, straw etc. require is fresh, enough do, do not have and go mouldy, and through tanning by the sun and the processing of short-term heap fermentation, the bacterium of will mixing drops to bottom line.The region of disease should in time be removed terrible umbrella and pounce on 1000～1500 times of liquid of mould missible oil with 45% and spray.
8.2 insect pest
Common insect pest has springtail, nematode, mite evil and slug etc.In control: the one, assanation is done in requirement well, roots out mushroom field weeds and dead leaf on every side, and the powder that limes keeps clean and is dry; The 2nd, can use the conventional control method for the insect pest that large tracts of land takes place.
9, gather
The sporophore shape of timely collecting is that the cap edge is involute, and mycoderm just breaks, as yet not parachute-opening and launch out spore.Cap launched late if gather, and hollow appears in stem, and lamella deepening grey then can reduce commodity value.Finger grips the stem base portion when gathering, and another hand matrix, reverses gently up to pull up to get final product.The part that bright mushroom under adopting is pruned mushroom handle band mud with pocket knife.Remove residual mushroom pin on the mushroom bed, mend soil and preserve moisture, bacteria goes out damp mushroom down again.The bacterium slag returns as fertilizer and executes the tea place.
Through " tea～grass～bacterium " complex ecological cultivation method in southern mountain children tea place in age; With plantation in 3 years was example; The tea garden soil organic matter can improve 23.9%, spring tea germination period on average 4 days ahead of time, and the bright leaf-making quantity of annual tea on average improves 9.3～15.1% (result of the tests of zones of different).Following to rock tea quality influence: polyphenol content can improve 2.0%, and the tealeaves water-soluble extractives can improve 1.4%, and crude fiber content can reduce by 8.8%.
Claims (3)
1. southern mountain children tea place in age " tea～grass～bacterium " complex ecological cultivation method is characterized in that: interplant leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia and Stropharia rugoso-annulata successively in southern mountain children tea place in age.
2. southern mountain according to claim 1 children tea place in age " tea～grass～bacterium " complex ecological cultivation method is characterized in that: in tealeaves picking time, and space interplanting leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia between the tea plant of tea place; In the tea tree envelope garden phase, tea place interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
3. southern mountain children according to claim 2 tea place in age " tea～grass～bacterium " complex ecological cultivation method; It is characterized in that: concrete operations are following: in tealeaves picking time; Space interplanting leguminous forage Chamaecrista Rotundifolia between the tea plant of tea place cradles Chamaecrista Rotundifolia green manuring earthing and goes back to the garden and make green manure or shine into hay and make tea place interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation batching; In the tea tree envelope garden phase, tea place interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata, one or both in employing tea branch, the Chamaecrista Rotundifolia hay are the primary raw material of Stropharia rugoso-annulata medium, the bacterium slag returns as fertilizer and executes the tea place.
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| CN103314830A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-25 | 句容市茅山茶场 | Interplanting method for tea trees and zelkova |
| CN103314744A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-25 | 句容市茅山茶场 | Interplanting method for tea trees and grapevines |
| CN104012280A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-03 | 福建农林大学 | Neem-tea tree-chamaecrista rotundifolia three-dimensional intercropping tea garden pest control method |
| CN104488524A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 腾冲县高黎贡山生态茶业有限责任公司 | Construction method of biodiversity tea garden |
| CN104871813A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-02 | 黄彩红 | Fungi, plant and animal recycling economy agricultural production system |
| CN105230347A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-13 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Tea plantation stropharia rugosoannulata interplanting ecological cultivation method |
| CN105284426A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-03 | 黑龙江生物科技职业学院 | Cultivation method for producing Stropharia rugosoannulata by using cattle farm waste |
| CN105409508A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Composite ecological cultivation method of corn and stropharia rugosoannulata |
| CN105850642A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽省上行山茶叶有限公司 | Planting method of high-benefit and pollution-free green tea trees |
| CN106613640A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 恩施清江茶业有限责任公司 | Planting method suitable for tea garden soil improvement and fertility improvement |
| CN104920074B (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-06-06 | 海南农垦科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of utilization mushroom cultivation improved soil organic matter |
| CN107211807A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-29 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of ecology of young tea plantations manages and protects system |
| CN107371814A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 嘉兴职业技术学院 | A kind of method that Stropharia rugoso-annulata is cultivated in potyvirus garden |
| CN107466637A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-15 | 湖南省茶叶研究所（湖南省茶叶检测中心） | Tea place green manure carries out the method that efficiently set is planted with radix ampelopsis |
| CN108124682A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-08 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | A kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method |
| CN109121932A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-01-04 | 宁洱大洋农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods for alternately interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata under tea tree |
| CN113079977A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 宁夏大学 | Method for interplanting Russian fodder vegetable under forest in mountain area |
| CN114600703A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-10 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for improving nutrients and enzyme activity of tea-oil tree intercropping soil |
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| CN103314744A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-25 | 句容市茅山茶场 | Interplanting method for tea trees and grapevines |
| CN103314744B (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2015-05-06 | 句容市茅山茶场 | Interplanting method for tea trees and grapevines |
| CN103314830B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2015-05-06 | 句容市茅山茶场 | Interplanting method for tea trees and zelkova |
| CN103314830A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-25 | 句容市茅山茶场 | Interplanting method for tea trees and zelkova |
| CN104012280A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-03 | 福建农林大学 | Neem-tea tree-chamaecrista rotundifolia three-dimensional intercropping tea garden pest control method |
| CN104012280B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-02 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method that print chinaberry-tea tree-Chamaecrista Rotundifolia Stereoscopic intercropping and interplanting is done |
| CN104488524B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-08-17 | 腾冲市高黎贡山生态茶业有限责任公司 | A kind of bio-diversity tea place construction method |
| CN104488524A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 腾冲县高黎贡山生态茶业有限责任公司 | Construction method of biodiversity tea garden |
| CN104871813A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-02 | 黄彩红 | Fungi, plant and animal recycling economy agricultural production system |
| CN104920074B (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-06-06 | 海南农垦科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of utilization mushroom cultivation improved soil organic matter |
| CN105409508A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Composite ecological cultivation method of corn and stropharia rugosoannulata |
| CN105230347A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-13 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Tea plantation stropharia rugosoannulata interplanting ecological cultivation method |
| CN105284426A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-03 | 黑龙江生物科技职业学院 | Cultivation method for producing Stropharia rugosoannulata by using cattle farm waste |
| CN105850642A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽省上行山茶叶有限公司 | Planting method of high-benefit and pollution-free green tea trees |
| CN106613640A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 恩施清江茶业有限责任公司 | Planting method suitable for tea garden soil improvement and fertility improvement |
| CN107211807A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-29 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of ecology of young tea plantations manages and protects system |
| CN107466637A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-15 | 湖南省茶叶研究所（湖南省茶叶检测中心） | Tea place green manure carries out the method that efficiently set is planted with radix ampelopsis |
| CN107371814A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 嘉兴职业技术学院 | A kind of method that Stropharia rugoso-annulata is cultivated in potyvirus garden |
| CN108124682A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-08 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | A kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method |
| CN109121932A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-01-04 | 宁洱大洋农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods for alternately interplanting Stropharia rugoso-annulata and the bletilla striata under tea tree |
| CN109121932B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2021-05-11 | 宁洱大洋农业发展有限责任公司 | Planting method for alternately interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata under tea trees |
| CN113079977A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 宁夏大学 | Method for interplanting Russian fodder vegetable under forest in mountain area |
| CN113079977B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-01-14 | 宁夏大学 | Method for interplanting Russian fodder vegetable under forest in mountain area |
| CN114600703A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-10 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for improving nutrients and enzyme activity of tea-oil tree intercropping soil |
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