CN108124682A - A kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108124682A CN108124682A CN201711439677.5A CN201711439677A CN108124682A CN 108124682 A CN108124682 A CN 108124682A CN 201711439677 A CN201711439677 A CN 201711439677A CN 108124682 A CN108124682 A CN 108124682A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to tea place technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method.The present invention in newly-ploughed young tea plantations by interplanting Chamaecrista Rotundifolia, halfpace grass planting, the matching method for building water storage drainage system, tea garden soil character can be improved, reduce soil erosion, enhance drought resisting, the water-retention fertilizer ability of young tea plantations, young tea plantations tea shoot survival rate and bare area utilization rate are improved, promotes the management of young tea plantations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tea place technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of newly-ploughed young tea plantations ecological cultivation method.
Background technology
The newly-ploughed poor breast of young tea plantations soil, earth's surface is exposed, if not focusing on the protection of tea place field and bank protection, be easy to cause
Serious soil erosion, it is not only very big to ecological environment harm, while also affect the sustainable development in tea place and the production of tealeaves
Amount and quality.To improve soil property, soil erosion is reduced, it is necessary to carry out multi-level ecology in newly-ploughed young tea plantations and plant
Training pattern.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ecological product matching methods.By the implementation of the matching method, can change
Kind tea garden soil character, reduces soil erosion, enhances drought resisting, the water-retention fertilizer ability of young tea plantations, improve young tea plantations tea shoot
Survival rate and bare area utilization rate, promote the management of young tea plantations.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
The newly-ploughed young tea plantations ecological product matching method, includes the following steps:
First, newly-ploughed young tea plantations interplanting Chamaecrista Rotundifolia
Because newly-ploughed young tea plantations garden face exposed part is more, and tea shoot planting, province Fujian is selected to herd and draws No. 2 Chamaecrista Rotundifolias and is interplanted.
The characteristics of rapid, pest and disease damage is few, nitrogen fixing capacity is strong is grown after its sprawl growth, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, well developed root system, planting, especially
It is suitble to interplant to prevent rainwater from corroding tea place and enhancing soil fertility in young tea plantations.
Interplanting method:
(1)Sowing:Sowing time is advisable with 4~June, and optimum sowing time is by the end of April at the beginning of 5 months.0.5 kilogram of mu sowing.It is native before sowing
Earth wants fine site preparation, clear to plough removal of impurities, and bunch planting, is broadcasted sowing at drilling, drilling best results, 1~2 centimetre of depth of planting.Mu calcium
Base manure is made in 5~10 kilograms of seed dressings of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer.
(2)Cultivate administration:Chamaecrista Rotundifolia seedling stage planting is slower, need in due course tillage and weeding 1-2 times, and is chased after in right amount depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings
Fertilizer, grows vigorous, formation coating after 6~July, inhibition weed growth is not required to manage.Chamaecrista Rotundifolia disease mainly has bacterium
Property root rot, can be prevented with carbendazim pouring root.Insect pest has aphid, mealybug, can be prevented with buprofezin is sprayed.
(3)Harvesting utilizes:Can be gathered in squaring period or initial bloom stage, as it is fresh feed, powder crude protein at this time is beaten in ensiling and hay
Content is high, and crude fiber content is relatively low.Stem is easy to aging after bearing pods, and influences palatability and feeding effect, can mow turn over make green manure or
Make covering.
2nd, newly-ploughed young tea plantations halfpace grass planting
The solid native ability of selection sowing is strong, impoverishment tolerant, it is resistance to trample on, sprawling is fast, can the paspalum notatum of natural renovation, Bermuda grass, climb ground it is blue,
Vetiver lifts peanut grass seeds, plants and forms careless ridge band in the tea place Ti Biti ridge, with the solid soil in tea place, slows down rainwater to halfpace
It washes away.
Grass planting method:
(1)Dig kind of a plant hole
On the Ti Bi ﹑ ladders ridge with good field planting hole is dug, if the soil is porous, use drilling, in order to avoid secondary injury is generated to terraced wall.
Hang Ju ﹑ spacing in the rows is can form straw cord level.The terraced ridge sets straw cord 1, and terraced wall sets straw cord 3 or so.
(2)Basal dressing
Fertilizer and soil is slightly mixed, the bottom of kind of plant hole is then imposed on as base manure.
(3)Plantation
Paspalum notatum, vetiver are colonized in the 4-6 months, ground orchid is climbed, lifts peanut grass seeds.Paspalum notatum, can be colonized 2~5 at vetiver per cave
Seedling needs transfer if terraced wall soil layer is loose.Climb that ground is blue, lifting peanut, then cuttage 1~2 section buries, and earthing is compacted, and need to be stayed
1 section bassets.It can water daily after being colonized primary, to promote planting speed and survival rate.
3rd, conveyance system measure
Newly-ploughed young tea plantations are mostly residual soils, and soil layer is relatively thin, and water and soil stream is easily occurred by rain drop erosion in rainy season
, the small-sized drainage engineering measure such as cistern, fish-scale pit, drainage ditch on slope, gutter should be laid, retains hillside fields diameter on the spot
It flows and is introduced into small water storage works, recycle slope formula tread, horizontal tread, blocked, arranged with realization, stored, filling stereo synthesis profit
Use pattern.
(1)Drainage ditch on slope
Digging drainage ditch on slope in the middle top bottom in tea place and abrupt slope etc., intercepting drain section be it is trapezoidal, it is lower it is wide by 30~
50cm, upper wide 40~70cm, 50~60cm of depth.
(2)Gutter
Gutter is set in the relatively low one end in intercepting ditch both ends or topography, and the drainage position in gutter can be with cistern or former row
Ditch connects, and guides the rainwater collected into ditch outside cistern and tea place, can be stored with playing the role of to arrange.
(3)Cistern
When building cistern, Chi Dianying hypsography low-lyings in the tea place bottom or tea place are built.Dig deep 50~60cm and a diameter of 40-
50cm, cistern pool wall and bottom should be evened out, be mixed thoroughly with cement with fine sand with water, equably smear pool wall and intake-outlet.It builds
Good cistern is connected with gutter, plays the role of holding slope runoff.
(4)Settling pit
The runoff that rain drop erosion generates all with a large amount of silt, answers position to lay settling pit in the upstream of cistern, can be by diameter
The sedimentation of stream, post-depositional runoff are discharged into cistern again.Desilting pool volume is 0.5~1.0m3, settling pit pool wall and into
Water outlet should use building stones and cement masonry or smearing.
4th, the effect obtained
500 mu of tea place ecological product pattern Demonstration Base is established within 2016 in Songxi County Cha Ping townshiies, radiation promotes 3174 mu, wound
1,190,000 yuan of economic benefit is made, it is average to increase income and economize on spending per acre 375 yuan, provide reliable approach for increasing peasant income.The project Demonstration And Extension
Ecological product form a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees method, have the function of to improve soil well, keep water.Can reduce soil erosion 30% with
On, tea garden soil organic matter is improved, reduces nitrogenous fertilizer(N)Amount of application 33.3%, while tea shoot survival percent ﹑ tealeaves can be effectively increased
Quality and bare area utilization rate have very high social and ecological benefit.
The remarkable advantage of the present invention is:The present invention is set by multi-level cultivation, can be improved tea garden soil character, be subtracted
Few soil erosion enhances drought resisting, the water-retention fertilizer ability of young tea plantations, improves young tea plantations tea shoot survival rate and bare area utilizes
Rate greatly improves the economic benefit in tea place, has good popularizing application prospect.
Specific embodiment
Further to disclose rather than limiting the present invention, below in conjunction with example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The newly-ploughed young tea plantations ecological product matching method, includes the following steps:
First, newly-ploughed young tea plantations interplanting Chamaecrista Rotundifolia
Interplanting method:
(1)Sowing:It is sowed in April, 0.5 kilogram of mu sowing.1~2 centimetre of depth of planting.Mu calcium magnesium phosphate 5~10
Base manure is made in kilogram seed dressing.
(2)Cultivate administration:Chamaecrista Rotundifolia seedling stage planting is slower, need in due course tillage and weeding 1-2 times, and is chased after in right amount depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings
Fertilizer, grows vigorous, formation coating after 6~July, inhibition weed growth is not required to manage.Chamaecrista Rotundifolia disease mainly has bacterium
Property root rot, can be prevented with carbendazim pouring root.Insect pest has aphid, mealybug, can be prevented with buprofezin is sprayed.
(3)Harvesting utilizes:Can be gathered in squaring period or initial bloom stage, as it is fresh feed, powder crude protein at this time is beaten in ensiling and hay
Content is high, and crude fiber content is relatively low.Stem is easy to aging after bearing pods, and influences palatability and feeding effect, can mow turn over make green manure or
Make covering.
2nd, newly-ploughed young tea plantations halfpace grass planting
Grass planting method:
(1)Dig kind of a plant hole
On the Ti Bi ﹑ ladders ridge with good field planting hole is dug, if the soil is porous, use drilling, in order to avoid secondary injury is generated to terraced wall.
Hang Ju ﹑ spacing in the rows is can form straw cord level.The terraced ridge sets straw cord 1, and terraced wall sets straw cord 3 or so.
(2)Basal dressing
Fertilizer and soil is slightly mixed, the bottom of kind of plant hole is then imposed on as base manure.
(4)Plantation
Grass seeds is colonized in May.2~5 seedlings are colonized per cave.Can water daily after being colonized primary, with promote planting speed and into
Motility rate.
3rd, conveyance system measure
Newly-ploughed young tea plantations are mostly residual soils, and soil layer is relatively thin, and water and soil stream is easily occurred by rain drop erosion in rainy season
, the small-sized drainage engineering measure such as cistern, fish-scale pit, drainage ditch on slope, gutter should be laid, retains hillside fields diameter on the spot
It flows and is introduced into small water storage works, recycle slope formula tread, horizontal tread, blocked, arranged with realization, stored, filling stereo synthesis profit
Use pattern.
(1)Drainage ditch on slope
Digging drainage ditch on slope in the middle top bottom in tea place and abrupt slope etc., intercepting drain section be it is trapezoidal, it is lower it is wide by 30~
50cm, upper wide 40~70cm, 50~60cm of depth.
(2)Gutter
Gutter is set in the relatively low one end in intercepting ditch both ends or topography, and the drainage position in gutter can be with cistern or former row
Ditch connects, and guides the rainwater collected into ditch outside cistern and tea place, can be stored with playing the role of to arrange.
(3)Cistern
When building cistern, Chi Dianying hypsography low-lyings in the tea place bottom or tea place are built.Dig deep 50~60cm and a diameter of 40-
50cm, cistern pool wall and bottom should be evened out, be mixed thoroughly with cement with fine sand with water, equably smear pool wall and intake-outlet.It builds
Good cistern is connected with gutter, plays the role of holding slope runoff.
(4)Settling pit
The runoff that rain drop erosion generates all with a large amount of silt, answers position to lay settling pit in the upstream of cistern, can be by diameter
The sedimentation of stream, post-depositional runoff are discharged into cistern again.Desilting pool volume is 0.5~1.0m3, settling pit pool wall and into
Water outlet should use building stones and cement masonry or smearing.
5th, the effect obtained
The project of the embodiment 1 can specifically benefit 20000~30000 yuan/mu.More than 30% soil erosion can be reduced, improves tea
Orchard Soil organic matter reduces nitrogenous fertilizer(N)More than 30% amount of application.
Comparative example
First, tea place is built
It plans in 1.1 fields
Tea place selects that the concentration of landholdings, soil layer are fertile, have a moderate climate, the ground of traffic convenience is as new tea place generally all on mountain.
1.2 fields are opened up wasteland
Field, which is opened up wasteland, is related to the economic benefit of tea place in the future, generally digs level-reversed bench along contour, platform is away from generally 1.5 meters
Left and right, the wide 2 meters of effects of table top, and the position of greenbelt of having made rational planning for, irrigation and drainage system.
1.3 tea seedlings select
Good tea seedling is selected, tea tree breeding process is also carried out before tea seedling is selected, is typically chosen one axil of band
The annotinous branch of bud is as cuttings, using yellow earth health soil as seedbed, to cultivate breeding tea seedling.
The plantation of 1.4 tea shoots
Tea tree planting is typically chosen digging kind planting ditch plantation, and the generally wide 60cm of kind planting ditch, depth 80cm select single-strain planting method, strain
Away from 40cm, the tea shoot of 2000 plants of effects is planted per acre, also to use sufficient base fertilizer, dose is generally 100 kgs/acre of composite fertilizers
Or 2000 kgs/acre of farm manure.
2nd, tea garden management
2.1 young tea plantations management
In young tea plantations management, need especially to prevent livestock from trampling and pest and disease damage, frequent cultivator are earthed up, sizing trimming.
2.2 operation tea garden managements
In the management in operation tea place, base fertilizer is not only used sufficient(Composite fertilizer or farm manure), 15 centimetres of winter ploughs deeply, and also
Plastic trimming, keeps height and the germination face of tea tree, and the special pesticide of high effect nontoxic tealeaves is selected to carry out disease pest and weed prevention work
Make.
2.3 picked technology
It is main tea picking technology to stay leaf picking method, stay two leaves picking method, stay three leaves picking method, fresh leaf standard be divided into for
Pyatyi is the level-one of one leaf of a bud, the two level of 70% two leaves and a bud and 30% 1 bud, three leaf composition, 50% two leaves and a bud and 50% respectively
The three-level of one bud, three leaf, three leaf of a bud and to press from both sides each half of leaf level Four and thick old single leaf based on Pyatyi.
Tradition tea place cultivation can specifically benefit 10000~15000 yuan/mu.But year severe water and soil erosion, year soil invade
Erosion amount 40147/km2, and cause soil degradation acidification serious.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
First, newly-ploughed young tea plantations interplanting Chamaecrista Rotundifolia
(1)Sowing:It is sowed in 4~June, 0.5 kilogram of mu sowing.1~2 centimetre of depth of planting.Mu with calcium magnesium phosphate 5~
Base manure is made in 10 kilograms of seed dressings;
(2)Cultivate administration:Chamaecrista Rotundifolia seedling stage planting is slower, need in due course tillage and weeding 1-2 times, and regards the appropriate top dressing of the growth of cereal crop seedlings, and 6
Vigorous, formation coating is grown after~July, inhibition weed growth is not required to manage;
(3)Harvesting utilizes:It is gathered in squaring period or initial bloom stage, as feed;Stem is easy to aging after bearing pods, mowing turn over make green manure or
Make covering;
2nd, newly-ploughed young tea plantations halfpace grass planting
(1)Dig kind of a plant hole
On the Ti Bi ﹑ ladders ridge with good field planting hole is dug, if the soil is porous, use drilling, in order to avoid secondary injury is generated to terraced wall;
Hang Ju ﹑ spacing in the rows is can form straw cord level;The terraced ridge sets straw cord 1, and terraced wall sets straw cord 3;
(2)Basal dressing
Fertilizer and soil is slightly mixed, the bottom of kind of plant hole is then imposed on as base manure;
(3)Plantation
Grass seeds is colonized in the 4-6 months;Watering is primary daily after being colonized;
3rd, conveyance system measure
(1)Drainage ditch on slope
Drainage ditch on slope is being dug in the middle top bottom in tea place and abrupt slope, intercepting drain section is trapezoidal, lower wide 30~50cm,
Upper wide 40~70cm, 50~60cm of depth;
(2)Gutter
Gutter is set in the relatively low one end in intercepting ditch both ends or topography, and the drainage position in gutter can be with cistern or former row
Ditch connects, and guides the rainwater collected into ditch outside cistern and tea place, can be stored with playing the role of to arrange;
(3)Cistern
When building cistern, Chi Dianying hypsography low-lyings in the tea place bottom or tea place are built;Dig deep 50~60cm and a diameter of 40-
50cm, cistern pool wall and bottom should be evened out, be mixed thoroughly with cement with fine sand with water, equably smear pool wall and intake-outlet;It builds
Good cistern is connected with gutter, plays the role of holding slope runoff;
(4)Settling pit
The runoff that rain drop erosion generates all with a large amount of silt, answers position to lay settling pit in the upstream of cistern, can be by diameter
The sedimentation of stream, post-depositional runoff are discharged into cistern again;Desilting pool volume is 0.5~1.0m3, settling pit pool wall and into
Water outlet should use building stones and cement masonry or smearing.
2. a kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The newly-ploughed young tea plantations halfpace
Step in grass planting(3)Grass seeds be paspalum notatum, vetiver, climb that ground is blue, lifts one or more of peanut.
3. a kind of Ecological Tea Gardens cultural method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Paspalum notatum or vetiver are determined per cave
Plant 2~5 seedlings;Climb that ground is blue, lifting peanut, then cuttage 1~2 section buries, earthing compacting need to stay 1 section to basset.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111165257A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南耘际农业发展有限公司 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
CN111264277A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-12 | 广西绿异茶树良种研究院 | Method for quickly forming garden by tea seedlings |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111165257A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南耘际农业发展有限公司 | Garden building and planting method for hilly gentle slope area |
CN111264277A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-12 | 广西绿异茶树良种研究院 | Method for quickly forming garden by tea seedlings |
CN111264277B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2022-04-08 | 广西绿异茶树良种研究院 | Method for quickly forming garden by tea seedlings |
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