CN111011117A - Method for planting cogongrass in castanea henryi forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss - Google Patents
Method for planting cogongrass in castanea henryi forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of under-forest interplanting, and discloses a method for planting cogongrass in the prevention and treatment of water and soil loss of a castanea henryi forest, which is used for forest land selection; an engineering method; ridging the tree disc; a grass covering method; tending and managing. According to the method, an economic forest reconstruction recovery technology of interplanting broad-leaved trees, covering grass, engineering and covering grass is adopted, the characteristics of the built castanea henryi red soil erosion area are combined, demonstration forests with different recovery modes are built, the current situation of water and soil loss of the built red soil erosion area is effectively reduced, the effects of forest land and forest farmers are increased, the contradiction that the capital is insufficient in the vegetation recovery process is solved, the production enthusiasm of the forest farmers is fully mobilized, the soil is effectively improved, the soil moisture preservation capability is improved, the water and soil loss is reduced, the empty land of the forest land orchard is fully utilized, and the planting benefit is increased. Through the radiation driving action of the demonstration forest, the ecological restoration work of the built red soil erosion area is effectively promoted to develop towards multiple targets, industrialization and sustainability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of under-forest interplanting, and particularly relates to a method for planting cogongrass in a chestnut forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art: the Jianou castanea henryi is an agricultural product protected in the original production area of China, and water and soil conservation is neglected in the castanea henryi cultivation process for a long time, so that a large amount of water and soil are lost, and serious ecological imbalance is caused. Generally, the chestnut woodland has a lot of weeds, which brings about a lot of inconvenience in management, and most of the weeds compete for nutrition with the chestnuts, so that soil is barren. More serious, most farmers use herbicides to weed due to more labor and time for weeding, and the method brings serious adverse effects to the castanea henryi forest: the soil is seriously hardened, the water retention of the soil is poor, the rainfall causes serious soil scouring, and after weeds are withered and yellow, effective nutrients cannot be formed, so that the growth of the castanea henryi is directly influenced, the growth of the castanea henryi is slow, and serious fruit drop occurs. Therefore, a new method for planting the cogongrass in the castanea henryi forest for preventing and controlling the water and soil loss is needed.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: (1) in the existing castanea henryi cultivation process, water and soil conservation is neglected, so that a large amount of water and soil loss is caused, and serious ecological imbalance is caused.
(2) The existing cone chestnut woodland has a lot of weeds, so that management is inconvenient, most of the weeds compete for nutrients with the cone chestnuts, and soil impoverishment is caused.
(3) Because the weeding labor is large and the weeding time is short, most farmers use the herbicide to weed, and the serious adverse effect is brought to the castanea henryi forest: the soil is seriously hardened, the water retention of the soil is poor, the rainfall causes serious soil scouring, and after weeds are withered and yellow, effective nutrients cannot be formed, so that the growth of the castanea henryi is directly influenced, the growth of the castanea henryi is slow, and serious fruit drop occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting cogongrass on the basis of preventing and treating the water and soil loss of a castanea henryi forest, so as to solve the practical technical problem of how to prevent and treat the water and soil loss of the castanea henryi forest.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for planting cogongrass in a cone chestnut forest for preventing and controlling water and soil loss comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a forest land.
And step two, engineering method.
And step three, ridging the tree disk.
And step four, a grass covering method.
And fifthly, tending management.
Further, in the step one, the method for selecting the forest land comprises the following steps:
selecting a chinquapin forest land with the gradient of more than 15 degrees and less than or equal to 35 degrees, medium and light red soil erosion and more weeds; adopts a composite method of 'changing a ladder from a slope to a terrace + covering a front ridge and a rear ditch + covering mouse couch grass and paspalum natatum'.
Further, in step two, the engineering method comprises:
when the gradient is less than or equal to 15 degrees, directly sowing the mouse couch grass.
(II) when the gradient is less than or equal to 35 degrees by 15 degrees, the engineering method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the 'slope changing ladder' engineering of the castanea henryi forest, impurities of weeds, shrubs and stones in the castanea henryi forest are removed firstly.
(2) Then change the ladder with the level of using the castanea henryi as the target point, the terrace face inclines to the outside slightly, helps in time getting rid of the domatic runoff that the rain type that the rainfall is strong, the rainfall is great to produce to the escape canal, prevents that the terrace from damaging.
(3) The surface soil with the excavation depth of 0-10 cm is moved to the inner side of the terrace stalk, the core soil is moved to the terrace wall, and in the project of the front ridge rear ditch, a water storage 'bamboo joint ditch' with the ditch depth of 20cm and the width of 25-30 cm is excavated at the inner side of the terrace, soil piers lower than the ditch surface are reserved every 2m, the outer side of the ditch is used as the stalk, and the stalk height is 15-20 cm.
Further, in the third step, the method for ridging the tree disk comprises the following steps:
harrowing and finely raking the shallow soil turning blocks of the tree tray before ridging, cultivating soil between rows in the tree tray by taking a tree as a center during ridging, making soil ridges with the height of 15-20 cm and the width of 2.5-3.0 m, so that the parts close to the trunk are high and the rows are low, forming a slope surface of about 10 degrees, leveling the ridge surface, properly patting the distance of 30cm of radius around the base of the trunk, and not covering grass.
Further, in the fourth step, the grass covering method comprises the following steps:
1) removing vegetation on the ground surface in 10-12 months for the first time, and sowing 0.3m of mouse couch grass outside the terrace tree base after soil preparation and loosening, wherein the sowing amount is 2 kg/mu.
2) And planting the paspalum natatum and the citionella canadensis in a mixed way on the terrace wall, wherein the paspalum natatum seeds are sowed at intervals of 50cm at a sowing amount of 1 kg/mu, and the citionella canadensis seeds are sowed at the intervals at a sowing amount of 1 kg/mu.
3) Soaking the seeds for 12 hours before sowing, pouring water, mixing the seeds, the fine sand and the organic fertilizer (fine grains) in a ratio of 1:10:1 and the paspalum natatum in a ratio of 1:1:1, sowing, wherein the sowing is divided into two times, one half of the seeds are firstly sowed, the other half of the seeds are sowed repeatedly, the seeds are as uniform as possible, and the seeds are covered with a film until the film is opened in 3 middle ten days.
4) And (3) removing weeds on the ground surface in 3-5 months for the second time, sowing seeds 0.3m outside the terrace tree base in a dibbling (hole) mode or broadcasting, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering fine soil for 2-3 cm, and sowing the seeds in 2kg per mu.
Further, in step five, the tending management includes: after the project is built, the project should be maintained regularly, and after each rainfall, the ditch is cleared and the stalks are recovered in time; after the final singling, the grass seeds are properly topdressed, and a tending method for removing weeds, mowing, pressing green and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests is well made.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the method for planting the cogongrass on the basis of preventing and treating the water and soil loss of the castanea henryi forest provided by the invention adopts an economic forest reconstruction and restoration technology of interplanting broad-leaved trees, covering grass, engineering and covering grass, combines the characteristics of building a castanea henryi forest red soil erosion area, builds a demonstration forest with different restoration modes, effectively reduces the water and soil loss of the built red soil erosion area, promotes the synergism of forest lands and the income increase of forest farmers, solves the contradiction of insufficient pipe funds in the vegetation restoration process, fully mobilizes the production enthusiasm of the forest farmers, effectively improves soil, improves the soil moisture preservation capability of the soil, reduces the water and soil loss, fully utilizes the vacant land of the forest lands and the orchards, and increases the planting benefit. Through the radiation driving action of the demonstration forest, the ecological restoration work of the built red soil erosion area is effectively promoted to develop towards multiple targets, industrialization and sustainability.
According to the invention, the castanea henryi is taken as a target point to change the ladder horizontally, the terrace surface is slightly inclined outwards, so that slope runoff generated by a rain type with strong rain and large rainfall can be discharged to the drainage ditch in time, and the damage of the terrace is prevented. The common fescue grows in autumn and winter, is withered and yellow in summer, and does not compete for nutrients with castanea henryi; in summer, although the festuca arundinacea is withered and yellow, the hibernated hay can increase soil moisture and organic matters and promote the yield increase of the castanea henryi. The invention utilizes developed underground root systems of the castanea henryi, the cogongrass and the paspalum natatum, can fix and hold soil, effectively improve the soil structure, and save water; meanwhile, the developed underground root system can also protect the steep ladder wall and prevent the ladder wall from collapsing due to heavy rain washing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for planting cogongrass on Castanea henryi forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slope changing ladder and a front ridge rear ditch provided by the embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1. core soil; 2. surface soil; 3. filling; 4. and (6) digging.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the method for preventing and treating water and soil loss of Castanea henryi forest by planting Cymbopogon Citrari when the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of Castanea henryi forest by planting Cymbopogon Citrari when the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 35 degrees.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the effect of planting the common fescue for preventing and treating the water and soil loss of the Castanea henryi forest when the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of planting Cymbopogon Citrari on the prevention and treatment of water and soil loss in Castanea henryi forest when the slope is 15 ° < 35 ° according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting cogongrass in the prevention and treatment of water and soil loss of a castanea henryi forest, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for planting cogongrass in the chestnut forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: and (4) selecting a forest land.
S102: and (4) engineering method.
S103: and (5) ridging the tree disk.
S104: a grass mulching method.
S105: tending and managing.
The schematic diagram of the slope changing ladder and the front ridge rear ditch provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 2 and comprises core soil 1, surface soil 2, fill 3 and digger 4.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a method for selecting a forest land includes: selecting a castanea henryi forest land with the gradient of more than 15 degrees, medium and light red soil erosion and more weeds; adopts a composite method of 'changing a ladder from a slope to a terrace + covering a front ridge and a rear ditch + covering mouse couch grass and paspalum natatum'.
In S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the engineering method includes:
(I) when the gradient is less than or equal to 15 degrees, the lemongrass is directly sown.
(II) when the gradient is less than or equal to 35 degrees by 15 degrees, the engineering method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the 'slope changing ladder' engineering of the castanea henryi forest, impurities of weeds, shrubs and stones in the castanea henryi forest are removed firstly.
(2) The ladder is changed horizontally by taking the castanea henryi as a target point, the ladder platform surface is slightly inclined towards the outside, slope runoff generated by rain types with strong rain and large rainfall is favorably and timely discharged to a drainage ditch, and the damage of the ladder field is prevented.
(3) The surface soil with the excavation depth of 0-10 cm is moved to the inner side of the terrace stalk, the core soil is moved to the terrace wall, and in the project of the front ridge rear ditch, a water storage 'bamboo joint ditch' with the ditch depth of 20cm and the width of 25-30 cm is excavated at the inner side of the terrace, soil piers lower than the ditch surface are reserved every 2m, the outer side of the ditch is used as the stalk, and the stalk height is 15-20 cm.
The schematic diagram for preventing water and soil loss of the Castanea henryi forest by planting the Cymbopogon henryi when the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 3, and the schematic diagram for preventing water and soil loss of the Castanea henryi forest by planting the Cymbopogon henryi when the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees is shown in figure 4.
In S103 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the method for ridging a tree disk includes: harrowing and finely raking the shallow soil turning blocks of the tree tray before ridging, cultivating soil between rows in the tree tray by taking a tree as a center during ridging, making soil ridges with the height of 15-20 cm and the width of 2.5-3.0 m, so that the parts close to the trunk are high and the rows are low, forming a slope surface of about 10 degrees, leveling the ridge surface, properly patting the distance of 30cm of radius around the base of the trunk, and not covering grass.
In S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the grass mulching method includes:
1) removing vegetation on the ground surface in 10-12 months for the first time, and sowing 0.3m of mouse couch grass outside the terrace tree base after soil preparation and loosening, wherein the sowing amount is 2 kg/mu.
2) And planting the paspalum natatum and the citionella canadensis in a mixed way on the terrace wall, wherein the paspalum natatum seeds are sowed at intervals of 50cm at a sowing amount of 1 kg/mu, and the citionella canadensis seeds are sowed at the intervals at a sowing amount of 1 kg/mu.
3) Soaking the seeds for 12 hours before sowing, pouring water, mixing the seeds, the fine sand and the organic fertilizer (fine grains) in a ratio of 1:10:1 and the paspalum natatum in a ratio of 1:1:1, sowing, wherein the sowing is divided into two times, one half of the seeds are firstly sowed, the other half of the seeds are sowed repeatedly, the seeds are as uniform as possible, and the seeds are covered with a film until the film is opened in 3 middle ten days.
4) And (3) removing weeds on the ground surface in 3-5 months for the second time, sowing seeds 0.3m outside the terrace tree base in a dibbling (hole) mode or broadcasting, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering fine soil for 2-3 cm, and sowing the seeds in 2kg per mu.
In S105 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the tending management includes: after the project is built, the project should be maintained regularly, and after each rainfall, the ditch is cleared and the stalks are recovered in time; after the final singling, the grass seeds are properly topdressed, and a tending method for removing weeds, mowing, pressing green and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests is well made.
The effect graph of planting the common vetch grass to prevent the water and soil loss of the Castanea henryi forest when the gradient is less than or equal to 15 degrees provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 5, and the effect graph of planting the common vetch grass to prevent the water and soil loss of the Castanea henryi forest when the gradient is less than or equal to 15 degrees is shown in figure 6.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The method for planting the cogongrass in the water and soil loss prevention and control of the Castanea henryi forest in the minor water and soil loss country of Jianou city in Nanping City in Fujian province, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of forest land
Selecting a Chinese chestnut forest land with the gradient of more than 15 degrees, medium and light red soil erosion and more weeds, and adopting a composite method of slope changing, front ridge and rear furrow, mouse-covering cogongrass and paspalum natatum.
(2) Engineering method
The engineering of changing the slope of the castanea henryi forest into the ladder is to remove weeds, shrubs, stones and other impurities in the castanea henryi forest firstly, then, the castanea henryi forest is used as a target point to change the ladder horizontally, the ladder platform surface is slightly inclined towards the outer side, slope runoff generated by rain types with strong rain and large rain amount is favorably and timely removed to a drainage ditch, the damage of the ladder field is prevented, and the width of the ladder surface and the height of the ladder field are specifically shown in figure 2. Note that the surface soil of 0-10 cm of the excavation is moved to the inner side of the ladder field peduncle, and the core soil is moved to the ladder wall. And in the project of 'front ridge rear ditch', water storage 'bamboo joint ditches' with the ditch depth of 20cm and the width of 25-30 cm are dug at the inner side of the terrace, soil piers lower than the ditch surface are reserved every 2m, the outer side of the ditch is used as a stem, and the stem height is 15-20 cm.
(3) Ridging of tree disk
Before ridging, harrowing and finely raking the shallow soil turning blocks of the tree tray, cultivating soil between rows in the tree tray by taking a tree as a center during ridging, making soil ridges with the height of 15-20 cm and the width of 2.5-3.0 m, so that the parts close to the trunk are high and the rows are low, forming a slope surface of about 10 degrees, leveling the ridge surface, and properly patting the periphery of the base of the trunk to a certain distance (the radius is about 30 cm) without covering grass.
(4) Grass covering method
Removing vegetation on the ground surface in 10-12 months for the first time, and sowing 0.3m of mouse couch grass outside the terrace tree base after soil preparation and loosening, wherein the sowing amount is 2 kg/mu; and planting the paspalum natatum and the citionella canadensis in a mixed way on the terrace wall, wherein the paspalum natatum seeds are sowed at intervals of 50cm at a sowing amount of 1 kg/mu, and the citionella canadensis seeds are sowed at the intervals at a sowing amount of 1 kg/mu. Soaking the seeds for 12 hours before sowing, pouring water, mixing the seeds, the fine sand and the organic fertilizer (fine grains) in a ratio of 1:10:1 (1: 1:1) and then sowing, wherein the sowing is divided into two times, one half of the seeds are firstly sowed, the other half of the seeds are sowed repeatedly, the seeds are as uniform as possible, and a film is covered until the film is opened in the middle ten 3 months; and (3) removing weeds on the ground surface in 3-5 months for the second time, sowing seeds 0.3m outside the terrace tree base in a dibbling (hole) mode or broadcasting, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering fine soil for 2-3 cm, and sowing the seeds in 2kg per mu.
(5) Tending management
After the project is built, the project should be maintained regularly, and after each rainfall, the ditch is cleared and the stalks are recovered in time; after the final singling, the grass seeds are properly topdressed, and tending methods such as weed removal, mowing, green pressing, pest control and the like are well made.
Example 2
The technical method for covering the cogongrass in the castanea henryi forest comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of forest land
Selecting a chinquapin forest land with the gradient of less than 15 degrees, medium and light red soil erosion and more weeds, and adopting no engineering method.
(2) Cleaning and soil preparation of forest land
Before sowing grass seeds, clearing weeds in the forest land, and using a rotary plow to rotate soil by about 10cm to level and flatten the fine ground so as not to damage the root systems of fruit trees. When the soil moisture content is insufficient, water is added before the soil is turned over, and the soil is leveled by a drill harrow after the soil is turned over.
(3) Ridging of tree disk
Harrowing and finely raking the shallow turning blocks of the tree tray before ridging, cultivating soil among rows in the tree tray by taking a tree as a center during ridging, making soil ridges with the height of 15-20 cm and the width of about 1.0m, so that the parts close to the trunk are high and the rows are low to form a slope surface of about 10 degrees, leveling the ridge surface, and properly patting the periphery of the trunk to a certain distance (the radius is about 30 cm) without covering grass.
(4) Sowing grass seeds
The common fescue can be sowed in a broadcasting mode and a drilling mode, the common fescue is sowed 0.3-0.5 m outside the base of the trunk, and the common fescue can be planted in lines or in whole garden; sowing in 10-12 months with the sowing quantity per mu of 2 kg; soaking the seeds for 12 hours before sowing, pouring water, mixing the seeds, the fine sand and the organic fertilizer (fine grains) according to the ratio of 1:10:1, then sowing, wherein the sowing is divided into two times, firstly, sowing one half of the seeds, and then, repeatedly sowing the rest half of the seeds again, wherein the seeds are as uniform as possible, and covering the seeds with a film, and lifting the film in the middle of 3 months; sowing grass seeds in 3-5 months in the next year in the 2 nd time, dibbling or sowing in holes with 2-3 grains per hole, covering fine soil for 2-3 cm, and sowing the seeds in 2kg per mu.
(5) Tending management
After sowing, paying attention to moisture conservation, adopting modes such as film covering and the like (covering non-woven fabrics), and timely removing covering materials after seedlings are aligned (namely the seedlings grow to about 5 cm); topdressing is carried out 2 times every year in early spring and early autumn, a compound fertilizer (preferably with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15: 15) is adopted for topdressing, the topdressing amount is 5-7.5 kg/mu, the topdressing is preferably applied in rainy days, the compound fertilizer can be dissolved in water and then sprayed, and watering is carried out once after spraying, so that leaf burning of the compound fertilizer is prevented. After the seedlings are determined, water is properly sprayed for irrigation, and topdressing is carried out in time; and 4, a tending method for artificial weed removal, mowing, green pressing, pest control and the like is well made.
The invention is further described below in connection with experimental data.
Table 1 unit of influence of planting cogongrass in castanea henryi forest on the loss of soil nutrient elements on slope: kg hm-2
TABLE 2 influence of planting of Murraya koenigii under Castanea henryi forest on slope soil and water loss
Table 3 influence of planting of cogongrass in castanea henryi forests on physicochemical properties of soil in soil layer of 0-40 cm in forest land
TABLE 4 Effect of planting Murashige grass in Castanea henryi Linne on the yield of fresh Castanea henryi fruits
From tables 1 to 4, the technology for planting the cogongrass in the castanea henryi forest and the related slope-to-terrace engineering measures are combined, so that the fresh fruit yield of the castanea henryi in the castanea henryi forest and the soil physicochemical properties of the forest land are obviously improved, the flow reducing and sand reducing effects are achieved, the planting and transformation technology disclosed by the invention can be popularized in similar areas, and the effects of preventing and treating the water and soil loss of the castanea henryi forest and improving the soil are achieved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for planting the cogongrass on the basis of water and soil loss of the Castanea henryi forest is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting a forest land, selecting a proper chestnut forest land, and adopting a composite method of changing a slope into a ladder, adding a front ridge and then covering a ditch with the lemongrass and the paspalum natatum;
step two, directly broadcasting the mouse couch grass when the gradient is less than or equal to 15 ℃; when the gradient is less than or equal to 35 degrees by 15 degrees, changing the slope into a ladder;
thirdly, ridging a tree disc, harrowing and finely raking shallow soil turning blocks of the tree disc before ridging, cultivating soil between rows in the tree disc by taking a tree row as a center during ridging, ridging the soil to enable the part close to a trunk to be high and the parts between rows to be low, forming a slope surface, and leveling the ridge surface;
step four, covering grass, removing vegetation on the ground, sowing, planting mixed paspalum natatum and lemongrass on the terrace wall, covering a film, and dibbling or broadcasting outside the terrace tree base;
and fifthly, tending management, namely a tending method for removing weeds, mowing, pressing green and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests.
2. The method for planting cogongrass on castanea henryi forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the method for selecting forest lands comprises the following steps: selecting a chinquapin forest land with the gradient of more than 15 degrees and less than or equal to 35 degrees, medium and light red soil erosion and much weeds.
3. The method for planting cogongrass on the basis of water and soil loss of castanea henryi forests as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, when the gradient is 15 degrees and less than or equal to 35 degrees, the following steps are carried out:
(1) in the process of changing the slope of the castanea henryi forest into a ladder, removing impurities of weeds, shrubs and stones in the castanea henryi forest;
(2) changing the ladder horizontally by taking the castanea henryi as a target point, wherein the landing surface is slightly inclined outwards;
(3) and (3) excavating 0-10 cm of surface soil of the excavation and moving the surface soil to the inner side of the terrace, moving core soil to the terrace wall, excavating water storage bamboo joint ditches with the depth of 20cm and the width of 25-30 cm in the inner side of the terrace in the front ridge and rear ditch engineering, reserving soil piers lower than the ditch surface every 2m, making stalks on the outer side, and making the stalks 15-20 cm high.
4. The method for planting cogongrass on the basis of water and soil loss of Castanea henryi forests as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the method for ridging tree trunks comprises the following steps: harrowing and finely raking the shallow soil turning blocks of the tree tray before ridging, cultivating soil between rows in the tree tray by taking a tree as a center during ridging, making soil ridges with the height of 15-20 cm and the width of 2.5-3.0 m, so that the parts close to the trunk are high and the rows are low, forming a 10-degree slope, leveling the ridge surface, and patting the distance of 30cm of radius around the base of the trunk without covering grass.
5. The method for planting cogongrass on the basis of water and soil loss of Castanea henryi forests as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the method for covering grass comprises the following steps:
1) removing vegetation on the ground surface in 10-12 months, and sowing the mouse couch grass outside the terrace tree base after soil preparation and loosening;
2) planting mixed paspalum natatum and lemongrass on the terrace wall;
3) soaking the seeds before sowing, mixing, sowing, and covering with a film;
4) and (4) removing the weeds on the ground surface in 3-5 months in the next year, and carrying out dibbling or broadcast sowing outside the terrace tree base.
6. The method for planting cogongrass on the basis of the water and soil loss of the castanea henryi forest as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step 1) specifically comprises the following steps: removing vegetation on the ground surface in 10-12 months, and sowing 0.3m of mouse couch grass outside the terrace tree base after land preparation and soil loosening, wherein the sowing amount is 2 kg/mu.
7. The method for planting cogongrass on the basis of the water and soil loss of the castanea henryi forest as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step 2) specifically comprises the following steps: the paspalum natatum seeds are sowed at intervals of 50cm at a sowing rate of 1 kg/mu, and the citionella natatum seeds are sowed at the intervals at a sowing rate of 1 kg/mu.
8. The method for planting cogongrass on the basis of the water and soil loss of the castanea henryi forest as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds for 12 hours before sowing, pouring water, mixing the seeds, the fine sand and the organic fertilizer according to the ratio of 1:10:1 and the paspalum natatum according to the ratio of 1:1:1, then sowing, wherein the sowing is carried out twice, firstly, one half of the seeds are sowed, then, the rest half of the seeds are sowed repeatedly and uniformly, and the seeds are covered with a film, and the film is opened in 3 middle ten days.
9. The method for planting cogongrass on the basis of the water and soil loss of the castanea henryi forest as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step 4) specifically comprises the following steps: removing weeds on the ground surface in 3-5 months of the next year, dibbling or broadcasting 0.3m outside the terrace tree base, dibbling 2-3 seeds in each hole, covering fine soil for 2-3 cm, and sowing the seeds per mu at 2 kg.
10. The method for planting cogongrass on castanea henryi forest for preventing and treating water and soil loss as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step five, the tending management comprises: after the project is built, maintaining regularly; after each rainfall, cleaning the ditch and replying the stalks in time; a tending method for topdressing grass seeds after final singling, weeding, mowing, pressing green and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.
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