CN114847108B

CN114847108B - Mountain slope konjak planting method

Info

Publication number: CN114847108B
Application number: CN202210564254.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡阳光; 段龙飞; 覃剑锋; 张百忍; 郭邦利; 陈国爱; 杨涼花; 刘次鹏; 王宗方
Original assignee: Ankang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Ankang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-05-23
Filing date: 2022-05-23
Publication date: 2023-05-09
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-23
Also published as: CN114847108A

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountain slope konjak planting method, and belongs to the technical field of konjak planting. Before planting, selecting loam with rich soil, rich organic matters and pH of 6.5-7.5 or clay containing gravel; deeply turning the soil before sowing to remove weeds and sundries; sterilizing soil, applying a base fertilizer and rotary tillage; selecting high-quality konjak seeds for planting; sterilizing seed taro before sowing; sowing in sunny days; broadcasting water storage matrix and compound fertilizer at the bottom of a sowing row, then placing seed taros, and covering soil; when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees, sowing rows are sowing furrows which are downwards opened along the slope land; the outermost side of the sowing ditch is provided with a groove; when the sowing land is a steeper slope land with the gradient of 30-60 degrees, ridging is used for sowing as sowing rows, and ridge side ditches are formed; respectively carrying out hilling in the seedling emergence period, the head replacement period and the expansion period; and (5) field management. The planting method of the invention obviously improves the yield of konjak and reduces the incidence of disease.

Description

Mountain slope konjak planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of konjak planting, in particular to a mountain slope konjak planting method.

Background

Konjak is perennial root herbaceous plant of konjak of Araceae, only an important cash crop capable of providing a large amount of glucomannan (KGM) in nature, and is distributed in mountain areas of regions such as Yunnan, guizhou, sichuan, shaanxi and the like. Has important effects in controlling three highs, reducing weight and fat, regulating intestinal microecological environment, eliminating harmful substances in vivo, regulating immunity, etc., and is classified as ten health food by world health organization.

The elevation area in 700-1200m of the mountain area of the south of Shaanxi is a suitable area for planting konjak, and the hillside fields of the mountain area of the south of Shaanxi are reclaimed lands, self-reserved lands, hillsides on two sides of river channels and valleys and the like, and generally, the land blocks of the area are irregular and uneven and take a form of a certain gradient or terraced fields; the annual average temperature of the area is 13.2-15.4 ℃, the day-night temperature difference is larger, the annual average rainfall is 724.7-1004.2mm, and the annual sunshine duration is 1503.2-1839.7h, so that the area can greatly develop konjak production. Due to different crops and different climatic conditions of different altitudes in mountain areas, the konjak planting in the south of the Shaanxi sloping field has obvious territory and specificity. Wherein, the steep slope (> 60 DEG) is limited by the conditions of environment, manpower, transportation and the like, and only a small number of farmers plant at intervals; the gentle slope land (less than or equal to 30 degrees) and the steeper slope land (30-60 degrees) are relatively concentrated and connected due to the fact that the land blocks are the main areas of mountain area cultivated lands and are the dominant areas of mountain area development konjak.

However, the mountain slope has long summer sunlight time, high illumination intensity and high local temperature, and intermittent rainless period often occurs; meanwhile, the slope land is quick in draining, water is not easy to keep, so that the land is easy to drought, and the emergence, growth and development of konjak are seriously affected. Meanwhile, for the sloping fields with sufficient local rainfall, the problems that the seed taros are soaked by rainwater, and the seed taros are exposed and landslide are caused by the fact that the sloping fields are washed by the rainwater exist. In addition, in the case of intercropping between grain and taro or fruit, konjak is often lost due to unscientific and standard cultivation measures.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a planting method of konjak in hillside fields, which improves the yield of konjak and reduces the incidence of disease.

The invention aims to provide a mountain slope konjak planting method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, optionally and fertilizing

Selecting loam with rich soil and rich organic matters and pH of 6.5-7.5 or clay containing gravel; deeply turning the soil to a depth of 30-40cm before sowing, removing weeds, root stubbles and stones, and crushing large soil blocks; sterilizing soil by using a bactericide, then applying a base fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage after the base fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is an organic fertilizer, and 1200-2500kg of the base fertilizer is applied per mu;

S2, selecting and sterilizing taros

Removing malformed, damaged and infected seed konjak, and selecting high-quality konjak seed with smooth surface, small bud pit, normal shape, full bud eye, short and strong top bud, no damage, no disease spot and no rot; and sun-drying seed taro before sowing and using KMnO ₄ And the mixed solution of the strong acid solution is subjected to overnight fumigation;

s3, when the average day temperature is stabilized at 10-15 ℃ in the last ten days of 3 months to the middle ten days of 4 months, sowing in sunny days; the plant row spacing is 15-40cm multiplied by 15-40cm;

s4, broadcasting a water storage matrix and a compound fertilizer at the bottom of the sowing row, and then placing the seed taro for earthing;

when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees, sowing rows are sowing furrows which are downwards opened along the slope land; grooves are formed in two sides of the outermost sides of every 2-6 sowing grooves, and each groove comprises a shallow groove with the groove depth of 10-20cm and a deep groove with the groove depth of 15-35 cm;

when the sowing land is a steeper slope land with the gradient of 30-60 degrees, ridging is used for sowing as sowing rows, and ridge side ditches are formed on the ditches at the two sides of the ridge along the ridge carriage side downwards;

s5, respectively carrying out hilling in the seedling emergence period, the head replacement period and the expansion period, wherein the hilling thickness is 2-3cm each time;

s6, field management

Weeding, disease prevention, topdressing, disease strain removal and waterlogging prevention are carried out.

Preferably, in S2, KMnO is contained in the mixed solution ₄ And the mass ratio of the strong acid is 1:1.5-2; the mass concentration of the strong acid is 5% -10%;

s4, the water storage matrix consists of matrix soil, decomposed matter and peat soil, wherein the matrix soil consists of perlite and nutrient soil; the mass ratio of perlite to nutrient soil in the matrix soil is 1:1-1.2, and the mass ratio of the matrix soil to the decomposed matter to peat soil in the water storage matrix is 1:1:2-3.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees, the seed taro is a taro whip or small bulb with the gradient less than 50g, and the plant row spacing is 15-20cm multiplied by 15-20cm; sowing the furrows with the depth of 15-17cm and the furrow width of 8-10cm;

the seed taro is 50-150g of two-year corms, and the plant row spacing is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30cm; sowing the ditch with the depth of 15-20cm and the ditch width of 10-15cm;

the row spacing of commercial seed taro plants with seed taro of 150-250g is 30-40cm multiplied by 30-40cm; sowing the ditches with the depth of 20-30cm and the ditch width of 15-20cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with a gradient of less than 30 degrees, the seed taro is a taro whip or a small bulb with a gradient of less than 50g, and the shallow groove and the deep groove are respectively arranged at two sides of the outermost sides of every 5-6 sowing grooves; the seed taro is a two-age bulb of 50-150g, and the shallow grooves and the deep grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of the outermost sides of each 3-4 sowing grooves; 150-250g of commodity seed taro, wherein the shallow grooves and the deep grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of the outermost sides of every 2-3 seed grooves;

Setting the ditch width and the ditch depth of the shallow ditch and the deep ditch according to the difference of annual rainfall;

annual rainfall is less than 800mm: shallow trench depth 10-15cm, trench width 20-30cm; deep trench depth of 15-25cm and trench width of 40-50cm;

annual rainfall is 800-1100mm: shallow trench depth 10-15cm, trench width 30-40cm; deep trench depth of 15-25cm and trench width of 30-40cm;

annual rainfall is more than 1100mm: shallow trench depth 15-20cm, trench width 40-50cm; the depth of the deep trench is 25-35cm, and the width of the trench is 30-40cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees and the water storage matrix and the compound fertilizer are sprayed, the water storage matrix is sprayed at the bottom of the sowing ditch, the annual rainfall is less than 800mm, and the average spraying thickness is 5-6cm; annual rainfall is 800-1100mm, and average broadcasting thickness is 3-5cm; annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the average broadcasting thickness is 1-2cm;

the fine loam is spread on the surface of the water storage matrix to cover the water storage matrix, then 50-60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is spread in a drill mode, the fine loam is used for covering, and the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:1-2:2-4.

Preferably, in S3, when the sowing land is a steeper land with a gradient of 30-60 degrees, the seed taro is a taro whip or small bulb with a weight of less than 50g, and the plant row spacing is 15-20cm multiplied by 15-20cm; planting four rows per ridge; the ridge width is 0.75-1m, the ridge height is 15-17cm, and the ditch width is 30-40cm;

The seed taro is 50-150g of two-year corms, and the plant row spacing is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30cm; the width of each ridge is 0.8-1m, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, and the width of each ditch is 30-40cm;

the seed taro is 150-250g of commercial variety taro, and the plant row spacing is 30-40cm multiplied by 30-40cm; when each ridge is planted in double rows, the ridge width is 1-1.2m, the ridge height is 20-30cm, and the ditch width is 40-50cm; each ridge has a single row, the width of the ridge is 50-60cm, the height of the ridge is 20-25cm, and the width of the ditch is 30-40cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a steeper land with a slope of 30-60 degrees, the ridge direction, the slope direction, the included angle and the width and depth of the ridge side ditch are set according to the different annual rainfall;

annual rainfall is less than 800mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 60-90 degrees; the ridge side ditch is a wide and deep ditch, the ditch width is 6-8cm, and the ditch depth is 8-10cm;

annual rainfall is 800-1100mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 30-60 degrees; the ridge side ditch is a narrow deep ditch, the ditch width is 3-5cm, and the ditch depth is 6-8cm;

annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is less than 30 degrees; the ridge side ditch is a narrow shallow ditch, the ditch width is 2-3cm, and the ditch depth is 2-4cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a steeper slope land with the slope of 30-60 degrees, and the water storage matrix and the compound fertilizer are sprayed, a fertilization ditch is formed in the center of the ridge surface, the depth of the fertilization ditch is 6-8cm lower than the slope, and the water storage matrix is sprayed at the bottom of the fertilization ditch in the center of the ridge surface;

The included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 60-90 degrees, the width of the water storage matrix is 8-10cm, and the thickness is 6-8cm;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 30-60 degrees, the width of the water storage matrix is 6-8cm, and the thickness is 4-6cm;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is smaller than 30 degrees, the width of the water storage matrix is 3-5cm, and the thickness is 2-3cm;

spreading fine loam on the surface of the water storage matrix to cover the water storage matrix, then spreading 50-60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and covering with fine loam;

then, sowing ditches are formed on two sides of the fertilization ditches, seed taros are placed in the sowing ditches, and soil is covered; the earthing height fertilization ditch should be lower than the sowing line at two sides by 3-5cm.

Preferably, in S5, when the sowing field is a steeper slope of 30-60 degrees, soil is covered on two sides of the ridge ditches after sowing, and soil is reserved in the middle of the ditches for soil cultivation in the seedling emergence period, the head replacement period and the expansion period.

Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of building a sunshade net after sowing and arranging a drip irrigation device.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Compared with the traditional planting method, the planting method of the konjak in the hillside land provided by the invention has the following characteristics:

optionally: selecting clay rich in soil, rich in organic matters, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline loam or gravel-containing clay for planting, performing land block arrangement before sowing, crushing and returning straw to the field after harvesting of previous konjak, increasing the organic matters of the soil, deeply turning land blocks before sowing, breaking plow strata, and playing roles in preventing waterlogging and retaining water. Removing weeds, stubbles and stones, crushing large soil blocks, and enabling soil particles to be fine and uniform and to be suitable in porosity; after the base fertilizer is applied, rotary tillage is carried out on the land block once, so that the base fertilizer can be uniformly spread between soil layers.

Selecting and sterilizing taros: the konjak seed is selected as the seed konjak, the konjak seed is dried, the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight are utilized to kill the epidermic bacteria of the seed konjak, and the seed konjak is fumigated and killed overnight in a closed space.

Sowing time: the method is characterized in that the method is used for planting in sunny days, the average day temperature is stabilized at about 10 ℃, the method is contraindicated for planting in overcast and rainy days, the soil is heavy, the water content is high, the soil permeability is poor, and the plant is easy to cause rot after planting, so that diseases occur on a large scale;

sowing: when the sowing land is a gentle slope land, the slope surface is rotary tillage and raking, and then the sowing ditch is opened downwards along the slope area; and selecting corresponding row spacing, depth and width of the sowing ditch according to the size of the seed taro. Shallow grooves and deep grooves are formed in the outer sides of planted sowing rows and are used as grooves for protecting konjak, the shallow grooves are beneficial to drainage and wetting of the side faces of ridge boxes, and the deep grooves are beneficial to rainwater accumulation, infiltration and seed konjak root wetting. And then, a water storage matrix is arranged at the bottom of the sowing ditch and is used as a water storage tank to play a role in water storage so as to be beneficial to water supply for seed taros during drought. And fertilizing and covering soil;

when the sowing land is a steeper slope, ridging planting is performed, so that the rainwater receiving surface can be enlarged to a greater extent, and simultaneously, the agricultural operation and the control of rainfall are facilitated; the method comprises the steps of ridge planting, digging a fertilizing ditch in the center of a ridge surface, wherein the depth of the fertilizing ditch is preferably lower than 6-8cm of a slope surface, so that a water storage matrix is conveniently spread under seed yams, a water storage pool is constructed, the water storage pool is constructed, compound fertilizer is firstly applied, ditching and sowing are carried out on two sides of the fertilizing ditch, finally soil is covered, the thickness of the soil covered fertilizing ditch is firstly lower than 3-5cm of sowing lines on two sides, namely, the fertilizing ditch is in an M-shaped ridge shape, rainwater is conveniently accumulated in the water storage pool, periodic hilling is carried out in the later period, and then the ridge surface is gradually filled. Ditching is carried out downwards along the ridge carriage edges on the ditches at the two sides of the ridge so as to facilitate accumulation and infiltration of rainwater or slow down the infiltration speed of the rainwater and prevent drought at the ridge bottom or seed taro from being soaked. The bottom of the fertilization ditch is provided with a water storage matrix which is used as a water storage tank to play a role in water storage so as to be beneficial to playing a role in supplying water to seed taros during drought.

After sowing, respectively carrying out hilling in the seedling emergence period (the last ten days of 5 months-the last ten days of 6 months), the head replacement period (the last ten days of 6 months-the last ten days of 7 months) and the expansion period (the last ten days of 7 months); the sowing land is a gentle slope land, soil in a shallow trench at one side is used for hilling, and the hilling thickness of each sowing strip is 2-3cm. The sowing land is a steeper slope, ditches are firstly carried out along two sides of a ridge box respectively in the ditching and ridging planting process, and partial soil in the middle of the ditches is reserved for later ridging. Thus, the seed konjak can be promoted to quickly grow on the soil and emerge, and the soil layer coverage thickness of konjak in the growth period, especially after head replacement, can be ensured.

For sloping fields without shading or bare seeds, which are easy to be water-deficient and drought or rain-excessive and easy to be waterlogged. The sunshade net is adopted for shading, so that on one hand, ventilation and air permeability among konjak rows can be maintained, and other interplanted crops and konjak can be prevented from competing for water and fertilizer; on the other hand, the sunshade net can be arranged to build radians different, so that rainwater can be effectively accumulated or water can be timely drained, and the success rate of planting konjak on the sloping field is further ensured.

The method is matched with drip irrigation measures, especially in the area with the rainfall less than 800mm, and drought caused by continuous high temperature and no rain can cause great damage to konjak leaves and root growth. The artificial dropper measures can effectively relieve damage of the strong transpiration to the leaves and damage of soil layer high-temperature drought to the root system, so that symptoms of premature lodging, growth stopping and the like of konjak are avoided.

(2) In the traditional konjak planting process, ditching or ridging planting is directly carried out, and the average emergence rate is 72.19% -94.46%; ji Miaoqi in the middle and late 6 months, the seedling stage is 9 months up and middle ten days, and the average incidence rate is 23.17-45.80%; average acre yield of taro 483.6-608.3kg, average acre yield of commercial taro: 655.7-940.5kg; the whole expansion multiple of the seed taro is 4.2-5.7, and the commodity taro is 2.3-3.6; the integral proliferation multiple of the seed taro is 4.4-6.7, and the commodity taro is 9.4-11.6; compared with the traditional planting method, the method has the advantages that in the planting process, the emergence rate is improved to 93.66-98.22%, the seedling stage is advanced to the upper ten days of 5 months-6 months, the seedling stage is delayed to the upper ten days of 10 months-11 months, the disease occurrence rate is obviously reduced to 5.32-13.75%, the acre yield of the seed taro and the commercial taro is improved to 712.5-937.9kg and 1344.5-1537.1kg, the overall expansion times of the seed taro and the commercial taro are 7.2-9.1 and 4.7-6.3, the proliferation times of the seed taro and the commercial taro are 6.3-8.2, and the commercial taro is 12.5-14.1.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of planting in a gentle slope of less than 30 deg. in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 at A;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a steeper slope of 30-60 ° planting in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a front cross-sectional view at a in fig. 3.

FIG. 5 is a gentle slope of the example 1 planted konjak;

FIG. 6 is another gentle slope land in which konjak was planted in example 1;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a planting situation of konjak in example 1;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another planting situation of konjak in example 1;

FIG. 9 is the overall situation of interplanting konjak with corn in example 1;

FIG. 10 is a steeper slope used for the konjak planting in example 4;

FIG. 11 is another steeper slope used for the konjak planting in example 4;

FIG. 12 is the overall situation of interplanting konjak with castor in example 4;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of four different planting patterns used in bare konjak planting on steeper slopes;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of shading when the konjak is bare seeds on a steeper slope;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a shade of a bare seed of konjak on a steeper slope;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a gentle slope;

fig. 17 is a schematic view of a steeper slope.

Reference numerals:

1-sowing ditches, 2-shallow ditches, 3-deep ditches, 4-water storage matrixes, 5-fine loam, 6-compound fertilizer, 7-ridges, 8-fertilization ditches, 9-ridge side ditches, 10-ridge side ditches, and reserving soil in the middle of the ridge side ditches and 11-slope.

Description of the embodiments

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The gradient of the gentle slope is less than or equal to 30 degrees, and the gradient of the steeper slope is 30-60 degrees. It should be noted that, in the following embodiments, due to the operation error in the specific implementation process, or the specific situation restrictions such as variety, environmental conditions, etc., there is a certain reasonable range for the relevant data change.

Example 1: gentle slope land konjak-corn interplanting

The gentle slope land of the region 700-1200m in the south of shan is the main cultivation region in the mountain region, wherein corn planting is the most common, so interplanting konjak in the slope land where corn is sown is a common mode of konjak planting in the mountain region in the south of shan. But the maximum utilization rate of cultivated land is generally pursued, or corn is densely planted and konjak is thin planted; or densely planting corn and densely sowing konjak; the ventilation and ventilation between konjak rows are poor, the local temperature and humidity of a land block are too high, and konjak soft rot, stem rot and the like frequently occur. In addition, due to the unscientific and standard planting measures, the drainage or soil moisture conservation of the konjak ridge rows is poor, so that the situation that konjak is soaked by rainwater or the ridge box is arid and the like often occurs, and the production of konjak is seriously affected. Specific examples of the present invention will now be described as follows:

1. pre-cast treatment

1.1 plots: the self-retaining gentle slope land with the altitude of 720 meters is positioned in the mountain area of the south of the Shaanxi, the soil layer is deep, and the soil is rich in organic matters and slightly acidic (pH 6.5) clay containing gravel. The land is irregularly rectangular and distributed in a terrace shape (as shown in fig. 5-6), and the slope direction is along the width direction of the land. The annual rainfall is 865-910mm (the annual rainfall is obtained according to the average value of annual rainfall), the land parcels are cleaned in the middle and late 10 months of the current year, the rootstock of the surface shallow layer is removed, the large soil and broken stone are removed, the land parcels are deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 30-40cm.

1.2 Seed taro: 15-25g of root-shaped stems of konjak, and has no damaged insect eyes, plump bud eyes and short and strong top buds. Utilizing KMnO before broadcasting ₄ -hydrochloric acidThe reaction is carried out in a closed space to fumigate and kill the root and stem overnight, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.5, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 5%.

1.3 Sowing time: sowing in sunny days in 3 months, and stabilizing the average day temperature at 10-15 ℃.

1.4 And (3) fertilization: applying decomposed cow dung to the base fertilizer, wherein the weight of the cow dung is about 1.2 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, rotary tillage is carried out on the land block once again, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

2. Sowing seeds

2.1 Selecting drill

Plant row spacing: 15cm by 20cm; sowing ditch 1: the depth of the groove is about 15-17cm, and the width of the groove is 8-10cm.

2.2 Deep and shallow trench

Deep shallow trenches are selected to be opened at two sides of the outermost side of each 5-6 sowing trenches 1, the depth of each shallow trench 2 is selected to be 10-15cm, and the trench width is selected to be 30-40cm according to annual rainfall of a land block; deep groove 3 has a depth of 15-25cm and a groove width of 30-40cm. The schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1.

2.3 Construction of "reservoir" with bottom "

(1) Water storage matrix 4: evenly mixing matrix soil, decomposed fungus residues and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2, wherein the matrix soil is obtained by mixing perlite and nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1.

(2) Thickness of water storage matrix: according to annual rainfall of the land, the average broadcasting thickness of the water storage matrix is 3-5cm. The water storage matrix is used for constructing a water storage tank with a bottom, so that the water storage function is realized, and the water supply function on seed taros during drought is realized.

2.4 Applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a layer of thin fine loam 5 is spread on the surface, the compound fertilizer 6 is applied on the reservoir and uniformly spread, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is drill-sown according to 50kg per mu, the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:2:4, and after the compound fertilizer is spread, the thin fine loam 5 is spread on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer. The schematic of the broadcast application of the water storage matrix and the compound fertilizer is shown in figure 2.

2.5 Sowing corn: sowing corn 15 days after konjak sowing, selecting a single-ridge double-row corn interplanting mode according to the slope direction of land parcels (the south of the west), the illumination time (the average illumination time length in summer is 7-9 h) and the illumination intensity (the average illumination time is 5-7 thousands Lx), sowing corn on two sides of a furrow in a Z shape, and planting distance of 40cm. As in fig. 7-9.

2.6 Field management

(1) Weeding: in the period from middle and late 4 months to upper 5 months after corn sowing, acetochlor with the volume ratio of 1:1 is used every 7 days when konjak is not planted with soil: the glufosinate is used for weeding once in a closed mode, and weeding is carried out for 3 times continuously. The weeding operation is not easy to be performed after the leaves are spread and the rows are sealed.

(2) Disease prevention: the method comprises the steps of spraying, preventing and controlling leaf surfaces of konjak immediately after leaf development (the beginning of the last ten days of 6 months to 7 months) by using thiabendazole, thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and the like, namely, spraying once every 7-10 times, and continuously spraying 3-5 times in the early disease onset period.

(3) Topdressing: the fertilizer is generally applied twice, namely, the first additional fertilizer is applied from the beginning of the late 6 months after the plant leaves are spread to the beginning of the head replacement, and the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer which are 10-20% of the total fertilizing amount are mixed and applied. The secondary topdressing is carried out in the last ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 9 months, and takes potash fertilizer as the main fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for about 10% of the total fertilizing amount, and the secondary topdressing mainly has the effects of enhancing the growth vigor of leaves, preventing the premature senility of the leaves, prolonging the photosynthesis time and promoting the rapid expansion of underground tubers.

(4) And (3) removing disease plants: after the konjak sprouts and comes out of the soil, the konjak seeds are found to be ill, and immediately pulled out; after 7 months, the disease condition is observed at any time, the central disease plant is found, the central disease plant is immediately excavated with soil to be deeply buried or burned, lime or multi-element disinfection powder is scattered in and around the pit, and the soil is tightly stepped on, so that the rainwater is prevented from carrying away pathogenic bacteria and expanding infection.

(5) Waterlogging prevention: because konjak root system is not developed, and is not waterlogged, the ditching and drainage work needs to be done in time in the rainy season in the growing period, the smoothness of ditches is kept at any time, and konjak rot easily occurs in water flooding and ridge area water.

2.7 And (3) periodically hilling: during sowing, shallow trenches are formed on two sides of the outermost side of the strip, then soil in the shallow trenches on one side is used for hilling in the seedling emergence period (5 months and 25 days), the head replacement period (6 months and 20 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 6 days) respectively, and the hilling thickness of the strip is 2cm each time.

Table 1 corn interplanting on gentle slopes

	Emergence rate/%	Ji Miaoqi	Seedling stage	Morbidity/%	Mu yield/kg
						Conventional corn-konjak planting	91.62	6 months and 10 days	9 months and 24 days	24.97	422.6
Example 1	98.04	5 months and 22 days	10 month and 17 day	8.71	660.8

In the table, ji Miaoqi means the time when 80% seedlings are out, and the seedling stage means the time when 80% seedlings are lodged (the same applies below). The conventional corn-konjak planting method in the gentle slope land in table 1 is to deeply turn the land, apply a base fertilizer, select seed yams for sun-planting, and dip seed treatment with 5% quicklime water. And (3) earthing is carried out after ditching and sowing, and direct contact between seeds and fertilizer is avoided during fertilization. 15 days after konjak sowing, sowing corn at two sides of the ridge box, and the plant spacing is 20-30cm.

Examples

Gentle slope land konjak-corn interplanting

1. Pre-cast treatment

1.1 plots: the self-retaining gentle slope land with the altitude of 720 meters is positioned in the mountain area of the south of the Shaanxi, the soil layer is deep, and the soil is rich in organic matters and neutral (pH 7) loam. The land block is irregularly rectangular and distributed in a terrace shape, and the slope direction is along the width direction of the land block. The annual rainfall is less than 800mm, the land parcels are cleaned in the middle and late 10 months of the current year, the rootstock of the shallow layer on the earth surface is excavated, meanwhile, large soil and broken stone are removed, the land parcels are deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 30-40cm.

1.2 Seed taro: the konjak seed is a two-year corm with the specification of 50g-100g, and has no damaged insect eyes, full bud eyes and short and strong top buds. Utilizing KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction to fumigate root and stem overnight in closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.5, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10%.

1.4 And (3) fertilization: applying decomposed sheep manure to the base fertilizer, wherein the weight of the sheep manure is about 2.5 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, rotary tillage is carried out on the land block once again, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

2. Sowing seeds

2.1 Selecting drill: plant row spacing: 15cm by 20cm; sowing ditches: sowing the ditch with the depth of 15-20cm and the ditch width of 10-15cm;

2.2 Deep and shallow ditches are formed: shallow trenches are formed on two sides of the outermost sides of every 3-4 sowing trenches, the depth of the shallow trenches is 10-15cm, and the width of the trenches is 20-30cm according to annual rainfall of a land block; deep trench depth of 15-25cm and trench width of 40-50cm;

2.3 Construction of "reservoir" with bottom "

(1) And (3) water storage matrix: evenly mixing matrix soil, decomposed chaff and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2, wherein the matrix soil is obtained by mixing perlite and nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1.

(2) Thickness of water storage matrix: according to annual rainfall of the land, the average broadcasting thickness of the water storage matrix is 3-5cm.

The water storage matrix is used for constructing a water storage tank with a bottom, so that the water storage function is realized, and the water supply function on seed taros during drought is realized.

2.4 Applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a layer of thin fine loam is spread on the surface, the compound fertilizer is applied on the reservoir, the compound fertilizer is spread evenly, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is drill-sown according to 60kg per mu, the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in the mass ratio of 7:1:2, and after the compound fertilizer is spread, the thin fine loam is spread on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.5 Sowing corn: sowing corn 15 days after konjak sowing, selecting a single-ridge double-row corn interplanting mode according to the slope direction of land parcels (the south of the west), the illumination time (the average illumination time length in summer is 7-9 h) and the illumination intensity (the average illumination time is 5-7 thousands Lx), sowing corn on two sides of a furrow in a Z shape, and planting distance of 40cm. .

2.6 Field management

In this example, the field management was the same as in example 1.

2.7 And (3) periodically hilling: during sowing, shallow trenches are formed on two sides of the outermost side of the strip, then soil in the shallow trenches on one side is used for hilling in the seedling emergence period (5 months and 25 days), the head replacement period (6 months and 20 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 6 days) respectively, and the hilling thickness of the strip is 3cm each time.

2.8 providing drip irrigation devices: in the area with rainfall less than 800mm, the konjak leaves and root systems can be greatly damaged by drought caused by continuous high temperature and no rain. The artificial dropper measures can effectively relieve damage of the strong transpiration to the leaves and damage of soil layer high-temperature drought to the root system, so that symptoms of premature lodging, growth stopping and the like of konjak are avoided.

Table 2 corn interplanting on gentle slopes

	Emergence rate/%	Ji Miaoqi	Seedling stage	Morbidity/%	Mu yield/kg
						Conventional corn-konjak planting	90.35	6 months and 7 days	9 months 21 days	25.07	432.7
Example 2	997.64	5 months and 24 days	10 months 15 days	8.64	663.9

The conventional corn-konjak planting method for gentle slope lands in table 2 is: after deep ploughing and applying base fertilizer to the land, seed tuber is selected for sun-drying, and seed soaking treatment is carried out by 5% quicklime water. And (3) earthing is carried out after ditching and sowing, and direct contact between seeds and fertilizer is avoided during fertilization. 15 days after konjak sowing, sowing corn at two sides of the ridge box, and the plant spacing is 20-30cm.

Examples

In the embodiment, bare seeds are directly planted in gentle slope lands when konjak is planted. The specific planting mode is as follows:

1. pre-cast treatment

1.1 plots: the self-retaining gentle slope land with the altitude of 720 meters is positioned in the mountain area of the south of the Shaanxi, the soil layer is deep, and the soil is rich in organic matters and slightly acidic (pH 6.5) clay containing gravel. The land block is irregularly rectangular and distributed in a terrace shape, and the slope direction is along the width direction of the land block. The annual rainfall is 1130-1200mm, the land parcels are cleaned in the middle and late 10 months of the current year, the rootstock of the shallow layer on the surface of the land is excavated, simultaneously, large soil and broken stone are removed, and the land parcels are deeply ploughed, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-40cm.

1.2 Seed taro: the commercial variety of taro has the size of 150-250g, and has no damaged insect eyes, plump bud eyes and short and strong terminal buds. Utilizing KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction to fumigate root and stem overnight in closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.7, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 8%.

1.3 Sowing time: and selecting and sowing in sunny days in the middle ten days of 4 months.

1.4 And (3) fertilization: applying decomposed cow dung to the base fertilizer, wherein the weight of the decomposed cow dung is about 1.6 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, rotary tillage is carried out on the land block once again, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

2. Sowing seeds

2.1 Selecting drill: plant row spacing: 30-40cm x 30-40cm. Sowing ditches: the depth of the groove is 20-30cm, and the width of the groove is 15-20cm.

2.2 Deep and shallow ditches are formed: shallow trenches are selected to be formed on two sides of the outermost side of each 2-3 sowing trenches, the depth of the shallow trenches is selected to be 15-20cm, and the trench width is selected to be 40-50cm according to annual rainfall of a land block; the depth of the deep trench is 25-35cm, and the width of the trench is 30-40cm.

2.3 Construction of "reservoir" with bottom "

(1) And (3) water storage matrix: evenly mixing matrix soil, decomposed and crushed straw and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2.5, wherein the matrix soil is obtained by mixing perlite and nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1.2.

(2) Thickness of water storage matrix: according to annual rainfall of the land, the average broadcasting thickness of the water storage matrix is 1-2cm.

2.4 Applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a layer of thin fine loam is spread on the surface, the compound fertilizer is applied on the reservoir, the compound fertilizer is spread evenly, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is drill-sown according to 55kg per mu, the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in the mass ratio of 7:1.5:4, and after the compound fertilizer is spread, the thin fine loam is spread on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.5 And (3) field management: in this example, the field management was the same as in example 1.

2.6 And (3) periodically hilling: when sowing, shallow trenches are opened on two sides of the outermost side of the strip, then soil of the shallow trenches on one side is used for hilling in the seedling emergence period (5 months and 25 days), the head replacement period (6 months and 20 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 6 days) respectively, and the hilling thickness of the sowing strip is 2-3cm each time.

TABLE 3 bare konjak seeds in gentle slope lands

	Emergence rate/%	Ji Miaoqi	Seedling stage	Morbidity/%	Mu yield/kg
						Conventional konjak bare seed	87.16	6 months and 16 days	9 month 17 day	30.74	837.9
Example 3	95.73	6 months and 2 days	11 months 1 day	5.32	1478.2

The conventional bare konjak seed method on the gentle slope land in table 3 is: after deep ploughing and applying base fertilizer to the land, seed tuber is selected for sun-drying, and seed soaking treatment is carried out by 5% quicklime water. Soil is covered after ditching and sowing. And the direct contact between seeds and fertilizer is avoided during fertilization.

Example 4: intercropping and interplanting of konjak and high-stalk crops on steeper slope

The steeper sloping field in the region of 700-1200m in the south of Shaanxi is the main planting region of high-stalk crops such as forests and fruits, wherein the planting of walnut, mulberry, castor-oil plant, chestnut and the like is most common, so that the intercropping interplanting of the high-stalk crops and konjak in the steeper sloping field is another important mode of konjak planting in the south of Shaanxi. However, in the planting process, we often find that the tall-stem crops are too dense or uneven in shading and prone to lodging, land parcels are landslide or seed taro is exposed due to continuous rainwater, ridge is drought in summer, konjak leaves curl, yellow, plants are short and thin. In the following examples, the steeper slopes have a slope of 30-60 °. Specific examples of the intercropping mode of castor-konjak implemented in this embodiment are as follows:

1. pre-cast treatment

1.1 plots: the reclamation steeper sloping field with the elevation of 950 meters is positioned in the mountain area of the south of the Shaanxi, the soil layer is thicker, and the soil is rich in organic matters and slightly acidic (pH 6.5) clay containing gravel. The land is irregularly rectangular and is also distributed in a sloping terrace (as shown in figures 10-11), and the sloping direction is along the width direction of the land. The annual rainfall is 940-1120mm, the land parcels are cleaned in the middle and late 10 months of the current year, the rootstock of the shallow layer on the surface of the land is excavated, simultaneously, large soil and broken stone are removed, and the land parcels are deeply ploughed, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-40cm.

1.2 Seed taro: the average of the root-shaped stems of the konjak is 22.4g, and the konjak has no damaged insect eyes, full bud eyes and short and strong top buds. Utilizing KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction to fumigate root and stem overnight in closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.5, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 5%.

1.3 Sowing time: and selecting and sowing in sunny days in the last ten days of 4 months.

1.4 And (3) fertilization: the base fertilizer is applied with commercial organic fertilizer purchased from biochar-based organic fertilizer of Yongchun in Bai He county, and about 1.5 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, rotary tillage is carried out on the land block once again, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

2. Sowing seeds

2.1 Ridging planting is carried out, and a planting schematic diagram is shown in fig. 3.

Plant row spacing: 15-20cm multiplied by 15-20cm. Ridge 7: four rows of the ridges are planted densely, the ridge width is 0.75-1m, the ridge height is 15-17cm, and the ditch width is 30-40cm.

2.2 Selecting the ridge direction: according to the annual average rainfall of the land, the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 30-60 degrees, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 45 degrees, so that water accumulation is avoided, and rapid rainwater drainage is prevented.

2.3 "M" ridges: the ridge culture is adopted, a fertilizing ditch 8 is formed in the center of the ridge surface, the depth of the fertilizing ditch 8 is 6-8cm lower than that of a slope 11, sowing ditches 1 are formed in two sides of the fertilizing ditch 8 for sowing, finally soil is covered, the fertilizing ditches 1 are 3-5cm lower than the sowing ditches 1 on two sides after soil covering, namely, the M-shaped ridge is formed, so that rainwater can be accumulated in a reservoir conveniently, the later period is ridged up, and the ridge surface is filled up gradually. As shown in fig. 4.

2.4 Ridging side ditch 9: according to the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction, a narrow deep trench is preferably opened, the trench width is preferably 3-5cm, and the trench depth is 6-8cm.

2.5 Constructing a reservoir between ridges "

(1) Water storage matrix 4: matrix soil (the mass ratio of perlite to nutrient soil is 1:1), decomposed fungus residues and peat soil are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2.

(2) Thickness of water storage matrix 4: according to annual rainfall of the land, the width of the water storage matrix is 6-8cm, and the thickness is 4-6cm.

2.6 Applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a layer of thin fine loam 5 is spread on the surface, the compound fertilizer 6 is spread on the reservoir uniformly, the application amount of the compound fertilizer 6 is drill-sown according to 60kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer 6 consists of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in the mass ratio of 7:2:3. And after the compound fertilizer 6 is spread, a thin fine loam 5 is spread on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer. The schematic of the broadcast application of the water storage matrix and the compound fertilizer is shown in figure 4.

2.7 Planting castor: and (3) raising seedlings of the castor-oil plant 15-20 days before sowing the konjak, and transplanting the castor-oil plant seedlings after the konjak is sown and the castor-oil plant seedlings grow to 8-10cm high. Planting is carried out in the middle of the bulges reserved in the middle of the furrows. According to the slope direction (north-south direction) of a land, the length of illumination time (average illumination time length in summer is 7-9 h) and illumination intensity (average illumination time is 3.8-5.2 thousand Lx), selecting a single-ridge single-row interplanting mode of castor, transplanting two castor plants per nest, and thinning after survival; in the later period of 7-8 months, topping and pruning are respectively carried out, mainly preventing castor from being light in weight and easy to lodge due to overgrowth; simultaneously, the lower branch is removed, so that the konjak interline space can be ventilated better, and the agricultural operation is facilitated (as shown in figure 12).

2.8 And (3) field management: in this example, the field management was the same as in example 1. The weeding time is that the konjak is planted, and weeding is carried out before the castor is transplanted.

2.9 And (3) periodically hilling: in the ditching and ridging planting process, ditching is firstly carried out along two sides of a ridge carriage respectively, and soil 10 is reserved in the middle of a ridge side ditch for reservation for later ridging. The mode of 15cm-10cm-15cm can be selected when the ditch width is 40cm, namely, the soil with the width of 15cm at the two sides of the ridge is firstly covered on the ridge, and the protrusion with the width of 10cm in the middle is respectively hilled in the emergence period (6 months and 2 days), the head changing period (6 months and 27 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 15 days), and the hilling thickness between ridges is 2cm each time.

TABLE 4 Castor interplanting on steeper hillsides

	Emergence rate/%	Ji Miaoqi	Seedling stage	Morbidity/%	Mu yield/kg
						Conventional castor-konjak interplanting	90.15	6.18	10.5	18.06	463.5
Example 4	98.33	5.27	10.23	9.29	689.2

The conventional castor-konjak planting method for steeper slopes in table 4 is: after deep ploughing and applying base fertilizer to the land, seed tuber is selected for sun-drying, and seed soaking treatment is carried out by 5% quicklime water. And (3) earthing is carried out after ridging planting, and direct contact between seed taros and fertilizer is avoided during fertilization. After konjak is sowed, castor-oil plants are sowed in the middle of the furrows, and the plant spacing is 60cm.

Example 5: bare seed of konjak-sloping field

In some sloping fields in the mountain areas of the south of Shaanxi, the illumination time is relatively short due to the environmental conditions of the land block, such as mountain shielding; or the pavement is inconvenient or the gradient is larger, and the interplanting operation with other crops is inconvenient; or the altitude is higher, the ventilation and air permeability are good, and the temperature in summer is more suitable; or artificially increasing the planting density of the parchment konjak, and improving the konjak yield; konjak is not interplanted in the ground, and is directly and naked. Some of these slopes are well suited for bare species, as shown in the following figure (fig. 13); however, many times, bare species have more problems: if the temperature and the strong illumination are short in summer, the damage of konjak leaves can be caused, especially for seedlings with just-spread leaves, the yellowing of the leaves of the seedlings is often caused, and the plants are short, small and thin; or the ultraviolet rays are strong in summer in the high altitude area, and the growth of konjak is often influenced; or continuous rain water washes the ridges of the slope to cause the konjak plants to lodge, landslide or seed konjak to be exposed, etc. Thus, for similar situations, simple shading measures (as in fig. 14-15) can be built up under conditional conditions. Specific examples of the present invention will now be described as follows:

1. Pre-cast treatment

1.1 plots: the reclamation of the excess rice at the elevation 1050 in the mountain area of the south of the Shaanxi is steeper, the soil layer is thicker, and the soil is loam with rich organic matters and slight acid (pH 6.5). The land parcels are irregularly shaped, the annual rainfall is 1140-1260mm, the land parcels are cleaned in the middle and late 10 months of the current year, the rootstock of the shallow layer on the earth is excavated, large soil and broken stone are removed, and the land parcels are deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 30-40cm.

1.2 Seed taro: the size of the konjak two-age corms is 100-150g, and the konjak two-age corms have no damaged insect eyes, full bud eyes and short and strong top buds. Utilizing KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction to fumigate root and stem overnight in closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:5, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 5%.

1.4 And (3) fertilization: applying commercial organic fertilizer to the base fertilizer, wherein the amount of the commercial organic fertilizer is about 1.5 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, rotary tillage is carried out on the land block once again, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

2. Sowing seeds

2.1 Ridging and planting: plant row spacing: 20-30cm x 20-30cm. Ridge: every two rows of ridges, the width of each ridge is 0.8-1m, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, and the width of each ditch is 30-40cm.

2.2 Selecting the ridge direction: according to the annual average rainfall of the land, the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is selected to be smaller than 30 degrees, so that drainage is facilitated.

2.3 "M" ridges: the ridge culture is adopted, the center of the ridge surface is provided with a fertilizing ditch, the depth of the fertilizing ditch is preferably lower than 8cm of the slope, the two sides of the fertilizing ditch are provided with sowing ditches for sowing, finally, the soil is covered, the fertilizing ditch after the soil is covered is firstly lower than the sowing ditches at the two sides by 4cm, namely, the fertilizing ditch is in an M-shaped ridge shape, so that rainwater can be conveniently accumulated in a reservoir, the later period is ridged regularly, and the ridge surface is gradually filled.

2.4 Ridging side ditches: grooves are formed on the furrows on the two sides of the ridge along the ridge box side, namely ridge side grooves; according to the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction, the ridge side ditch is preferably opened with a width of 2-3cm and a depth of 2-4cm.

2.5 Constructing a reservoir between ridges "

(1) And (3) water storage matrix: matrix soil (perlite: nutrient soil mass ratio is 1:1), decomposed fungus residues (or chaff, crushed straw and the like) and peat soil are uniformly mixed according to mass ratio of 1:1:2.

(2) Thickness of water storage matrix: according to annual rainfall of the land, the width of the reservoir is 3-5cm, and the thickness of the reservoir is 2-3cm.

2.6 Applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a layer of thin fine loam is spread on the surface, the compound fertilizer is applied on the reservoir and uniformly spread, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is drill-sown according to 50kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:2:3. And (3) after the compound fertilizer is spread, a thin fine loam layer is spread on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.7 field management: in this example, the field management was the same as in example 1.

2.8 And (3) periodically hilling: in the ditching and ridging planting process, ditching is firstly carried out along two sides of a ridge box respectively, and partial soil in the middle of the ditches is reserved for later ridging. The mode of 15cm-10cm-15cm can be selected when the ditch width is 40cm, namely, the soil with the width of 15cm at the two sides of the ridge is firstly covered on the ridge, and the protrusion with the width of 10cm in the middle is respectively hilled in the seedling emergence period (6 months and 2 days), the head replacement period (6 months and 27 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 15 days), and the hilling thickness between ridges is 3cm each time.

2.9 Building a sunshade net: (1) shading degree of sunshade net: according to the average sunlight duration of the land block in summer is 7-9h, the average illumination intensity is 3.20-6.33-thousand LX, and the shading degree of the sunshade net is selected to be 50-60%.

(2) Sunshade net builds radian: according to annual rainfall of the land, the sunshade net is preferably constructed with an included angle smaller than 30 degrees with the slope surface.

(3) The sunshade net construction measures: as shown in fig. 14.

Table 5 sunshading net planting on steeper slopes

	Emergence rate/%	Ji Miaoqi	Seedling stage	Morbidity/%	Mu yield/kg
						Conventional bare seed	82.07	6.10	9.20	38.27	610.5
Example 5	94.28	5.21	10.18	6.41	1127.9

The conventional bare seed method for steeper slopes in table 5 is: after deep ploughing and applying base fertilizer to the land, seed tuber is selected for sun-drying, and seed soaking treatment is carried out by 5% quicklime water. And (3) earthing is carried out after ridging planting, and direct contact between seed taros and fertilizer is avoided during fertilization.

Examples

In the embodiment, bare seeds are directly planted in steeper sloping fields when konjak is planted. The specific planting mode is as follows:

1. pre-cast treatment

1.1 plots: the reclamation of the excess rice at the elevation 1050 in the mountain area of the south of the Shaanxi is steeper, the soil layer is thicker, and the soil is loam with rich organic matters and slight alkali (pH 7.5). The land parcels are irregularly shaped, the annual rainfall is 734-800mm, the land parcels are cleaned in the middle and late 10 months of the current year, the rootstock of the shallow layer on the earth is excavated, large soil and broken stone are removed, the land parcels are deeply turned, and the turning depth is 30-40cm.

1.2 Seed taro: the commercial variety of taro has the size of 150-250g, and has no damaged insect eyes, plump bud eyes and short and strong terminal buds. Utilizing KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction to fumigate root and stem overnight in closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.7, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10%.

1.4 And (3) fertilization: applying decomposed cow dung to the base fertilizer, wherein the weight of the decomposed cow dung is about 1.5 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, rotary tillage is carried out on the land block once again, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

2. Sowing seeds

2.1 Ridging and planting: plant row spacing: 30-40cm x 30-40cm. Ridge: when each ridge is planted in double rows, the ridge width is 1-1.2m, the ridge height is 20-30cm, and the ditch width is 40-50cm.

2.2 Selecting the ridge direction: according to the annual average rainfall of the land, the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 60-90 degrees, and 70 degrees are selected in the embodiment, so that drainage is facilitated.

2.3 "M" ridges: the ridge culture is adopted, a fertilizing ditch is formed in the center of the ridge surface, the depth of the fertilizing ditch is preferably lower than 6-8cm of the slope, sowing ditches are formed in the two sides of the fertilizing ditch for sowing, finally, soil is covered, the fertilizing ditch after soil covering is firstly lower than the sowing ditches in the two sides by 4cm, namely, the fertilizing ditch is in an M-shaped ridge shape, so that rainwater can be conveniently accumulated in a reservoir, the later period of the fertilizing ditch is ridged, and the ridge surface is gradually filled.

2.4 Ridging side ditches: grooves are formed on the furrows on the two sides of the ridge along the ridge box side, namely ridge side grooves; according to the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction, the ridge side ditch is suitable for being opened with a wide and deep ditch, the ditch width is suitable for being 6-8cm, and the ditch depth is 8-10cm.

2.5 Constructing a reservoir between ridges "

(1) And (3) water storage matrix: matrix soil (perlite: nutrient soil mass ratio is 1:1.1), decomposed chaff and peat soil are uniformly mixed according to mass ratio of 1:1:3.

(2) Thickness of water storage matrix: according to annual rainfall of the land, the width of the reservoir is 8-10cm, and the thickness of the reservoir is 6-8cm.

2.6 Applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a layer of thin fine loam is spread on the surface, the compound fertilizer is applied on the reservoir and uniformly spread, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is drill-sown according to 55kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:1:3. And (3) after the compound fertilizer is spread, a thin fine loam layer is spread on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.9 Sunshade net is built

(1) Shading degree of the sunshade net: according to the average sunlight duration of the land block in summer is 7-9h, the average illumination intensity is 3.20-6.33-thousand LX, and the shading degree of the sunshade net is selected to be 50-60%.

(2) Sunshade net builds radian: according to annual rainfall of the land, the sunshade net is horizontally built in radian.

Surface 6 steeper slope sunshade net planting

	Emergence rate/%	Ji Miaoqi	Seedling stage	Morbidity/%	Mu yield/kg
						Conventional bare seed	72.19	6 months 15 days	9 month 17 day	45.80	681.4
Example 6	93.66	5 month and 23 days	10 months 30 days	10.73	1347.2

The conventional bare seed method for steeper slopes in table 6 is: after deep ploughing and applying base fertilizer to the land, seed tuber is selected for sun-drying, and seed soaking treatment is carried out by 5% quicklime water. And (3) earthing is carried out after ridging planting, and direct contact between seed taros and fertilizer is avoided during fertilization.

As can be seen from tables 1 to 6, the planting method for konjak in hillside fields provided by the invention has the advantages that the seedling emergence rate is effectively improved, the seedling stage is advanced, the seedling stage is delayed, the morbidity is reduced, and the yield of konjak is improved by planting konjak in a gentle slope (shown in fig. 16) with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees and a steeper slope (shown in fig. 17) with the gradient of 30-60 degrees.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The mountain slope konjak planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, optionally and fertilizing

Selecting loam with rich soil and rich organic matters and pH of 6.5-7.5 or clay containing gravel; deeply turning the soil before sowing to remove weeds and sundries; sterilizing soil by using a bactericide, and then applying a base fertilizer and rotary tillage;

S2, selecting and sterilizing taros

Removing malformed, damaged and diseased seed konjak, and selecting high-quality konjak seed for planting; and sun-drying seed taro before sowing and using KMnO ₄ And the mixed solution of the strong acid solution is subjected to overnight fumigation;

s3, when the average day temperature is stabilized at 10-15 ℃ in the last ten days of 3 months to the middle ten days of 4 months, sowing in sunny days;

when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees, the seed taro is a taro whip or small bulb with the gradient less than 50g, and the shallow grooves and the deep grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of the outermost sides of every 5-6 sowing grooves; the seed taro is a two-age bulb of 50-150g, and the shallow grooves and the deep grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of the outermost sides of each 3-4 sowing grooves; 150-250g of commodity seed taro, wherein the shallow grooves and the deep grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of the outermost sides of every 2-3 seed grooves;

annual rainfall is more than 1100mm: shallow trench depth 15-20cm, trench width 40-50cm; deep trench depth of 25-35cm and trench width of 30-40cm;

when the sowing land is a steeper land with a gradient of 30-60 degrees, setting an included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction and the width and depth of the ridge side ditch according to the difference of annual rainfall;

annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is less than 30 degrees; the ridge side ditch is a narrow shallow ditch, the ditch width is 2-3cm, and the ditch depth is 2-4cm;

when the sowing land is a steeper slope land with the slope of 30-60 degrees and the water storage matrix and the compound fertilizer are spread, a fertilization ditch is opened in the center of the ridge surface, the depth of the fertilization ditch is 6-8cm lower than the slope, and the water storage matrix is spread at the bottom of the central fertilization ditch of the ridge surface;

then, sowing ditches are formed on two sides of the fertilization ditches, seed taros are placed in the sowing ditches, and soil is covered; after earthing, the fertilizing ditch is 3-5cm lower than the sowing ditches at the two sides;

s6, field management

2. The method according to claim 1A mountain slope konjak planting method is characterized in that in S2, KMnO is carried out in mixed solution ₄ And the mass ratio of the strong acid is 1:1.5-2; the mass concentration of the strong acid is 5% -10%;

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with a gradient of less than 30 °, the seed yam is a yam rhizome or a small bulb with a seed yam gradient of less than 50g, and the plant-row spacing is 15-20cm x 15-20cm; sowing the furrows with the depth of 15-17cm and the furrow width of 8-10cm;

4. The method for planting konjak in hillside fields according to claim 1, wherein in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with a gradient of less than 30 ° and the water storage matrix and the compound fertilizer are applied, the water storage matrix is firstly applied at the bottom of the sowing ditch, the annual rainfall is less than 800mm, and the average application thickness is 5-6cm; annual rainfall is 800-1100mm, and average broadcasting thickness is 3-5cm; annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the average broadcasting thickness is 1-2cm;

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, when the sowing land is a steeper slope with a slope of 30 ° -60 °, the seed yam is a whip or small bulb of less than 50g, and the plant-row spacing is 15-20cm x 15-20cm; planting four rows per ridge; the ridge width is 0.75-1m, the ridge height is 15-17cm, and the ditch width is 30-40cm;

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S5, when the sowing area is a steeper slope of 30 ° -60 °, soil is covered on both sides of the ridge ditches after sowing, and soil is reserved in the middle of the ditches for soil cultivation in the seedling emergence period, the head replacement period, and the swelling period.

7. The method for planting konjak in hillside fields according to claim 1, further comprising constructing a sunshade net after sowing and setting a drip irrigation device.