CN114847108A - Method for planting konjak on mountain slope - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting konjak on a mountain slope, and belongs to the technical field of konjak planting. Before planting, selecting loam or clay containing gravel, wherein the loam has rich soil and rich organic matters and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5; deeply ploughing the land before sowing to remove weeds and impurities; sterilizing soil, applying base fertilizer and rotary tillage; selecting high-quality konjac seeds for planting; sterilizing the seed taro before sowing; sowing in sunny weather; spreading a water storage matrix and a compound fertilizer at the bottom of the sowing row, then placing the seed taro, and covering soil; when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees, the sowing rows are sowing ditches arranged downwards along the direction of the gentle slope land; the outermost side of the sowing trench is provided with a groove; when the sowing land is a steep slope land with the gradient of 30-60 degrees, ridging is used as a sowing row for planting, and a ridge ditch is formed; respectively carrying out earthing-up in the seedling emergence stage, the head changing stage and the expansion stage; and (5) field management. The planting method provided by the invention obviously improves the yield of the konjak and reduces the morbidity.

Description

Method for planting konjak on mountain slope

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of konjak planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting konjak on a mountain slope.

Background

Konjak is a perennial root herbaceous plant of konjak of Araceae, is the only important economic crop capable of providing a large amount of glucomannan (KGM) in nature, and is distributed in mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other places. The konjak industry develops for more than thirty years and plays an important role in regional economic development, poverty removal and hardness attack and ecological protection. The Shanxi konjak industry is located in the front of the whole country, the province government determines the Shanxi konjak industry to be one of 3+ X characteristic industries, and the Ankang city determines the Shanxi konjak industry to be one of five major agricultural industries. The konjak is a regional dominant and characteristic industry in our province, is one of four major producing areas of konjak in China, and plays an important role in promoting regional economic development, increasing income of farmers in mountainous areas, realizing poverty elimination and the like. Has important functions in the aspects of controlling three highs, losing weight and fat, regulating and controlling intestinal micro-ecological environment, removing harmful substances in vivo, regulating immunity and the like, and is listed as ten health-care foods by the world health organization.

The 700-plus 1200m middle elevation area of the southern Shaanxi mountain area located in the mountain areas of Qinling mountains is a suitable area for planting the konjak, and the slope land of the southern Shaanxi mountain area is the reclaimed land, the reserved land and the slope land on two sides of the river channel stream valley and the like of the southern Shaanxi mountain area, and generally the land blocks in the area are irregular and uneven in height and present a certain slope or terrace form; the annual average temperature of the area is 13.2-15.4 ℃, the day and night temperature difference is large, the annual average rainfall is 724.7-1004.2mm, and the annual sunshine duration is 1503.2-1839.7h, so that the konjak production can be vigorously developed in the area. Due to different planting crops, different altitude climatic conditions of mountain areas and the like, the konjak planting in southern Shaanxi slope land has obvious regionality and particularity. Wherein, the steep slope (more than 60 degrees) is only planted sporadically by a small number of farmers due to the limitation of conditions such as environment, manpower, transportation and the like; the gentle slope land (less than or equal to 30 degrees) and the steep slope land (30-60 degrees) are relatively concentrated and connected because of land masses, are main areas of the cultivated land in the mountainous area and are also advantageous areas for developing the konjak in the mountainous area.

However, the mountainous slope has long sunshine time in summer, high illumination intensity and high local temperature, and intermittent rainless periods often occur; meanwhile, the sloping fields drain quickly and are not easy to preserve water, so that the fields are extremely easy to dry, and the emergence, growth and development of the konjac are seriously influenced. Meanwhile, for sloping fields with sufficient local rainfall, the problems that the seed tubers are soaked by rainwater, the slope fields are exposed and slide due to rainwater erosion, and the like exist. In addition, for interplanting of grain and taro or fruit taro, the loss of the konjac is caused by unscientific and normative cultivation measures.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for planting konjak in a mountain slope, which improves the yield of konjak and reduces the morbidity.

The invention aims to provide a method for planting konjak on a mountain slope, which comprises the following steps:

s1, land selection and fertilization

Selecting loam or clay containing gravel with fertile soil, rich organic matters and pH of 6.5-7.5; deeply ploughing the land before sowing to 30-40cm, removing weeds, stubbles and stones, and crushing large soil blocks; sterilizing soil by using a bactericide, then applying a base fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage after the base fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer, and 1200 and 2500kg of the base fertilizer are applied to each mu;

s2 selection and disinfection of seed taro

Eliminating deformity, injury and affectionSelecting high-quality konjac seeds with smooth epidermis, small bud pits, normal body, full bud eyes, short and strong terminal buds, no damage, no spots and no rot; and before sowing, the seed taro is aired and KMnO is used ₄ Fumigating and killing the mixture with strong acid solution overnight;

s3, when the average daily temperature is stable at 10-15 ℃ in the last ten days of 3 months and the middle ten days of 4 months, sowing in sunny days; the row spacing of the plants is 15-40cm multiplied by 15-40 cm;

s4, broadcasting a water storage matrix and a compound fertilizer at the bottom of the sowing row, then placing the seed taro, and earthing;

when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees, the sowing rows are sowing ditches arranged downwards along the direction of the gentle slope land; grooves are arranged on two sides of the outermost side of each 2-6 sowing grooves, and each groove comprises a shallow groove with the groove depth of 10-20cm and a deep groove with the groove depth of 15-35 cm;

when the sowing land is a steep slope land with the gradient of 30-60 degrees, ridging is used as a sowing row for planting, and ridge edge ditches are arranged on the furrows on the two sides of each ridge downwards along the ridge compartment edges;

s5, respectively carrying out hilling in the seedling emergence stage, the head changing stage and the expansion stage, wherein the thickness of the hilling is 2-3cm each time;

s6, field management

Weeding, disease prevention, topdressing, disease plant removal and waterlogging prevention treatment.

Preferably, in S2, KMnO is added to the mixture ₄ The mass ratio of the acid to the strong acid is 1: 1.5-2; the mass concentration of the strong acid is 5-10%;

in S4, the water storage matrix is composed of matrix soil, decomposed soil and peat soil, and the matrix soil is composed of perlite and nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the perlite to the nutrient soil in the matrix soil is 1:1-1.2, and the mass ratio of the matrix soil, the decomposed soil and the peat soil in the water storage matrix is 1:1: 2-3.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the slope less than 30 degrees, the seed tuber is the tuber rhizome or the small bulb less than 50g, and the plant-row spacing is 15-20cm multiplied by 15-20 cm; the depth of the sowing ditch is 15-17cm, and the width of the sowing ditch is 8-10 cm;

the seed taro is a two-year-old corm of 50-150g, and the plant-row spacing is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30 cm; the depth of the sowing ditch is 15-20cm, and the width of the sowing ditch is 10-15 cm;

the row spacing of the commercial seed taro plants is 30-40cm multiplied by 30-40cm, wherein the seed taro is 150-; the depth of the sowing ditch is 20-30cm, and the width of the sowing ditch is 15-20 cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with a slope less than 30 degrees, the seed taro is taro rhizome or small bulbodium of less than 50g, and the shallow trench and the deep trench are respectively arranged at two sides of the outermost side of every 5-6 sowing trenches; planting taro is two-year-old corm of 50-150g, and the shallow trench and the deep trench are respectively arranged at two sides of the outermost side of each 3-4 sowing trenches; the seed taro is 150-;

setting the width and depth of the shallow trench and the deep trench according to different annual rainfall;

annual rainfall is less than 800 mm: the depth of the shallow trench is 10-15cm, and the width of the shallow trench is 20-30 cm; the depth of the deep groove is 15-25cm, and the width of the groove is 40-50 cm;

the annual rainfall is 800-: the depth of the shallow trench is 10-15cm, and the width of the shallow trench is 30-40 cm; the depth of the deep groove is 15-25cm, and the width of the groove is 30-40 cm;

annual rainfall is more than 1100 mm: the depth of the shallow trench is 15-20cm, and the width of the shallow trench is 40-50 cm; the depth of the deep groove is 25-35cm, and the width of the groove is 30-40 cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the slope less than 30 degrees and the water storage substrate and the compound fertilizer are broadcast, the water storage substrate is broadcast at the bottom of the sowing ditch, the annual rainfall is less than 800mm, and the average broadcast thickness is 5-6 cm; the annual rainfall is 800-1100mm, and the average spreading thickness is 3-5 cm; the annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the average spreading thickness is 1-2 cm;

spreading fine loam on the surface of the water storage substrate to cover the water storage substrate, then sowing and spreading 50-60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer in a drill mode, and covering the compound fertilizer with the fine loam, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:1-2: 2-4.

Preferably, in S3, when the sowing land is a steep slope land with the slope of 30-60 degrees, the seed tuber is the tuber rhizome or the small bulb of less than 50g, and the plant-row spacing is 15-20cm multiplied by 15-20 cm; planting four rows per ridge; the ridge width is 0.75-1m, the ridge height is 15-17cm, and the furrow width is 30-40 cm;

the seed taro is a two-year-old corm of 50-150g, and the plant-row spacing is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30 cm; the width of each ridge of the double-row planting ridge is 0.8-1m, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, and the width of each furrow is 30-40 cm;

the seed taro is 150-250g of commercial seed taro, and the plant-row spacing is 30-40cm multiplied by 30-40 cm; when double-row planting is carried out on each ridge, the ridge width is 1-1.2m, the ridge height is 20-30cm, and the furrow width is 40-50 cm; each ridge has a single row, the width of the ridge is 50-60cm, the height of the ridge is 20-25cm, and the width of the furrow is 30-40 cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a steep slope land with a slope of 30-60 degrees, the ridge direction, the slope direction, the included angle and the width and the depth of the ridge edge ditch are set according to different annual rainfall;

the annual rainfall is less than 800mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 60-90 degrees; the arranged ridge edge ditch is a wide deep ditch, the width of the ditch is 6-8cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm;

the annual rainfall is 800 plus 1100mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 30-60 degrees; the arranged ridge edge ditch is a narrow deep ditch, the width of the ditch is 3-5cm, and the depth of the ditch is 6-8 cm;

the annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is less than 30 degrees; the edge ditch is narrow, the width of the ditch is 2-3cm, and the depth of the ditch is 2-4 cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the sowing land is a steep slope land with a slope of 30-60 degrees, the water storage substrate and the compound fertilizer are broadcast, a fertilizing ditch is opened in the center of the ridge surface, the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 6-8cm lower than the slope surface, and the water storage substrate is firstly broadcast at the bottom of the fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridge surface;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 60-90 degrees, the width of the water storage matrix is 8-10cm, and the thickness is 6-8 cm;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 30-60 degrees, the width of the water storage substrate is 6-8cm, and the thickness is 4-6 cm;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is less than 30 degrees, the width of the water storage matrix is 3-5cm, and the thickness is 2-3 cm;

spreading fine loam on the surface of the water storage substrate to cover the water storage substrate, then spreading 50-60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and covering with the fine loam;

sowing ditches are arranged at two sides of the fertilizing ditch, seed taros are placed in the sowing ditches, and soil covering is carried out; the height of the covering soil is 3-5cm lower than that of the sowing rows on the two sides.

Preferably, in S5, when the planting land is a steep slope land with the angle of 30-60 degrees, soil on two sides of the ridge edge ditch is used for covering soil after planting, and the soil is hilled in the middle of the ridge ditch for hilling in the emergence stage, the head-changing stage and the expansion stage.

Preferably, the method also comprises the steps of building a sunshade net and arranging a drip irrigation device after sowing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) compared with the traditional planting method, the planting method of the konjak in the mountain slope provided by the invention has the following characteristics:

land selection: the method is characterized by selecting and planting soil fertile, rich in organic matters, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline loam or clay containing gravels, sorting land blocks before sowing, crushing straws and returning the crushed straws to the field after the previous konjak is harvested, increasing the organic matters of the soil, deeply ploughing the land blocks before sowing, breaking a plough stratum and playing a role in preventing waterlogging and storing water. Weeds, root stubbles and stones are removed, and large soil blocks are crushed, so that soil particles are fine and uniform, and the porosity is proper; after the base fertilizer is applied, the land is again subjected to rotary tillage for one time, so that the base fertilizer can be uniformly spread among soil layers.

Selecting and disinfecting seed taro: selecting a high-yield high-quality disease-resistant high-adaptability konjak variety as a seed konjak, airing the konjak seed, killing the seed konjak epidermis germs by using ultraviolet rays in sunlight, and fumigating and killing the seed konjak in a closed space overnight.

Sowing time: planting in sunny weather with the daily average temperature stabilized at about 10 ℃ is forbidden to be planted in rainy days, the soil is heavy in viscosity, high in water content and poor in soil permeability, and rot is easily caused after planting, so that diseases are caused on a large scale;

sowing: when the planting field is a gentle slope, digging a planting ditch downwards along the direction of the slope after rotary tillage and raking of the slope; and according to the size of the seed taro, selecting the corresponding row spacing and the depth and width of the sowing trench. Shallow trenches and deep trenches are arranged on the outer sides of planted sowing rows to serve as trenches for protecting the konjac, the shallow trenches are favorable for draining and wetting the side faces of ridge compartments, and the deep trenches are favorable for rainwater accumulation, infiltration and root wetting of the seed konjac. And then, a water storage matrix is arranged at the bottom of the sowing ditch and serves as a reservoir to store water so as to supply water to the seed taro in drought. Fertilizing and covering soil;

when the planting field is a steep slope field, ridging planting is carried out, so that the rainwater receiving surface can be enlarged to a greater degree, and meanwhile, the operation of farming and the management and control of rainfall are facilitated; adopting ridge culture, making a fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridge surface, wherein the depth of the fertilizing ditch is preferably 6-8cm lower than the slope surface, so as to conveniently broadcast and apply water storage matrix below the planted taros, construct a reservoir, construct the reservoir, firstly apply compound fertilizer, then ditch and sow on two sides of the fertilizing ditch, finally cover soil, wherein the thickness of the cover soil applied to the fertilizing ditch is 3-5cm lower than that of the sowing rows on two sides, namely, the fertilizing ditch presents an M-shaped ridge shape, so as to conveniently accumulate rainwater in the reservoir, regularly hilling at the later stage, and then gradually filling the ridge surface. Furrowing is carried out downwards along the ridge compartment edges on the furrows on the two sides of the ridge so as to facilitate accumulation and infiltration of rainwater or slow down the infiltration speed of rainwater and prevent the ridge bottom from being dry or the seed potatoes from being soaked. The water storage substrate is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizing ditch and serves as a reservoir to store water so as to supply water to the konjac seeds during drought.

After sowing, respectively carrying out ridging in the seedling emergence period (5 late months to 6 early months), the head-up period (6 middle and late months to 7 early months) and the expansion period (7 middle and late months); the planting land is a gentle slope land, soil on one side of the shallow trench is used for hilling, and the thickness of the hilling in each sowing strip is 2-3 cm. The sowing land is a steep slope land, in the ditching and ridging planting process, ditches are ditched along two sides of a ridge compartment respectively, and soil in the middle of each ditch is reserved for later-stage ridging. Therefore, the seed taro can be promoted to quickly push soil to emerge, and the growth period, particularly the soil coverage thickness of the konjac after the head is changed, can be ensured.

For slope lands without shading or bare seeds, which are easy to lack water, dry, rainy and waterlogging. The sun-shading net is adopted for shading, so that on one hand, the ventilation and air permeability among konjak rows can be kept, and the water and fertilizer competition between other interplanted crops and konjak can be avoided; on the other hand, the sun-shading net can be set to different construction radians, rainwater can be effectively accumulated or drainage can be timely carried out, and therefore the success rate of konjak planting on a sloping field is further guaranteed.

The matched drip irrigation measures, especially in the area with the rainfall less than 800mm, the continuous high temperature does not cause drought caused by rain, and the growth of the leaves and the root systems of the konjak can be greatly damaged. The manual dropper matching measure can effectively relieve the damage of strong transpiration to the leaves and the damage of high-temperature drought of the soil layer to the root system, thereby avoiding the symptoms of premature lodging, growth stop and the like of the konjak.

(2) When the traditional konjak is planted, the konjak is directly planted by ditching or ridging, and the emergence rate is 72.19-94.46% on average; the average incidence rate of the seedlings is 23.17% -45.80% in the middle and late 6 months and in the middle and early 9 months; the average yield per mu of the seed taro is 483.6-608.3kg, and the average yield per mu of the commercial taro is as follows: 655.7-940.5 kg; the integral expansion ratio of the seed taro is 4.2-5.7, and the commodity taro is 2.3-3.6; the integral multiplication multiple of the seed taro is 4.4-6.7, and the commercial taro is 9.4-11.6; compared with the traditional planting method, in the planting process, the seedling emergence rate is improved to 93.66% -98.22%, the seedling stage is advanced to 5-6 ten days of the late month, the seedling stage is delayed to 10-11 middle days of the late month, the disease incidence rate is remarkably reduced to 5.32% -13.75%, the acre yields of the seed taros and the commodity taros are respectively improved to 712.5-937.9kg and 1344.5-1537.1kg, the integral expansion multiples of the seed taros and the commodity taros are 7.2-9.1 and 4.7-6.3, the multiplication multiples of the seed taros and the commodity taros are 6.3-8.2, and the commodity taros are 12.5-14.1.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention planted in a gentle slope with a slope of less than 30 °;

FIG. 2 is a front sectional view taken at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a steeper slope of 30-60 for planting in the present invention;

fig. 4 is a front sectional view at a in fig. 3.

FIG. 5 is a gentle slope land on which konjak was planted in example 1;

FIG. 6 is another gentle slope land for planting Amorphophallus konjac in example 1;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the conditions for planting konjak in example 1;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another konjak planting condition in example 1;

FIG. 9 shows the overall situation of interplanting of konjak and corn in example 1;

FIG. 10 is a relatively steep slope of konjak planted in example 4;

fig. 11 is another steep slope land for konjak planting in example 4;

FIG. 12 shows the overall situation of interplanting of konjak and castor in example 4;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of four different planting methods for the bare konjak seeds on a steep slope;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing a shading effect of konjak in a steep slope in a bare state;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing a shading effect of konjak in a steep slope in a bare state;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a gentle slope;

fig. 17 is a schematic view of a steeper slope.

Reference numerals:

1-sowing ditch, 2-shallow ditch, 3-deep ditch, 4-water storage matrix, 5-fine loam, 6-compound fertilizer, 7-ridge, 8-fertilizing ditch, 9-ridge side ditch, 10-ridge side ditch middle reserved soil and 11-slope surface.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The gentle slope land has a gradient of less than or equal to 30 degrees and a steeper slope land has a gradient of 30-60 degrees. It should be reminded that in the following embodiments, due to the operation error in the specific implementation process, or the limitation of specific situations such as varieties and environmental conditions, the variation of the related data has a certain reasonable range.

Example 1: interplanting of konjak and corn on gentle slope land

The gentle slope land in 700-1200m areas of the southern Shaanxi mountain area is a main cultivation area of the mountain area, wherein corn planting is the most common, and therefore interplanting of konjak in the slope land where corn is sowed is a common mode for konjak planting in the southern Shaanxi mountain area. But generally the maximum utilization rate of the cultivated land is pursued, or the corn is densely planted and the konjak is sparsely sown; or densely planting corn and densely planting konjak; the air permeability between rows of the konjak is poor, the local temperature and humidity of the land are too high, and the soft rot and stem rot of the konjak are frequent. In addition, due to unscientific and normative planting measures, the drainage or soil moisture conservation of the ridge rows of the konjak is poor, so that the konjak is often soaked by rainwater or is drought in ridge compartments, and the production of the konjak is seriously influenced. Specific examples of the present invention will now be described as follows:

first, before sowing

1.1 land block: the soil is deep, and is rich in organic matters and is slightly acidic (pH6.5) and gravel-containing clay. The plots are in irregular rectangular shapes and are distributed in terrace shape (as shown in fig. 5-6), and the slope direction is along the width direction of the plots. The annual rainfall is 865-910mm (the annual rainfall is obtained according to the average value of the annual rainfall in the past), the land parcel is cleaned in the middle and late 10 months of the year, the rootstocks of the shallow layer on the ground surface are dug, meanwhile, large soil lumps and broken stones are removed, the land parcel is deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm.

1.2 kinds of taros: 15-25g of amorphophallus konjac rhizomes, no damage to insect eyes, full bud eyes and short and strong terminal buds. Using KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction rhizomes fumigated overnight in a closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.5, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 5%.

1.3 sowing time: sowing in 3 months in sunny days, and keeping the average daily temperature at 10-15 ℃.

1.4 fertilization: applying decomposed cow dung as base fertilizer in 1.2 ton/mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, the land is again subjected to rotary tillage for one time, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

Secondly, sowing

2.1 Selective drilling

Plant row spacing: 15cm × 20 cm; sowing trench 1: the depth of the groove is about 15-17cm, and the width of the groove is 8-10 cm.

2.2 shallow trench with open depth

Deep shallow trenches are arranged on two outermost sides of every 5-6 sowing trenches 1, and the depth of each shallow trench 2 is 10-15cm and the width of each shallow trench is 30-40cm according to the annual rainfall of the land parcel; the deep groove 3 has a depth of 15-25cm and a width of 30-40 cm. The schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1.

2.3 construction of reservoir with bottom "

(1) The water storage substrate 4: uniformly mixing matrix soil, decomposed mushroom dregs and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2, wherein the matrix soil is obtained by mixing perlite and nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1.

(2) Thickness of the water storage substrate: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the average spreading thickness of the water storage matrix is 3-5 cm. A reservoir with a bottom is constructed by the water storage matrix, so that the water storage effect is realized, and the effect of supplying water to the seed taro in drought is facilitated.

2.4 applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is built, a thin layer of fine loam 5 is scattered on the surface, a compound fertilizer 6 is applied on the reservoir and uniformly scattered, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is sowed according to 50kg per mu, the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:2:4, and after the compound fertilizer is scattered, a thin layer of fine loam 5 is scattered on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer. The schematic diagram of the application of the water-retaining matrix and the compound fertilizer is shown in figure 2.

2.5 sowing corn: sowing corns 15 days after konjak sowing, selecting a single-ridge double-row corn interplanting mode according to the slope direction of land blocks (southwest direction), the length of illumination receiving time (average illumination time length in summer is 7-9h) and the illumination intensity (average illumination time length is 5-7 ten thousand Lx), sowing corns on two sides of a furrow in a Z shape, and planting distance is 40 cm. As shown in fig. 7-9.

2.6 field management

(1) Weeding: in the middle and last days of 4 months after the konjak is not topsoil and the corn is sown, acetochlor with the volume ratio of 1:1 is used for every 7 days: the glufosinate-ammonium is used for closed weeding once and continuous weeding for 3 times. Weeding is carried out manually after the emergence of the konjac seedlings, a small amount of weeds can play a role in ground covering, and weeding operation is not easy to carry out after the leaves are spread and the rows are sealed.

(2) Disease prevention: the method is characterized in that after the leaves of the konjak are just developed (early 6 th ten days to early 7 th months), namely, the leaves of the konjak are sprayed, prevented and controlled, the konjak is sprayed on the leaves at the early stage of disease attack, and the konjak is sprayed for 3-5 times continuously at intervals of 7-10 times.

(3) Topdressing: generally, the fertilizer is applied twice, namely in late 6 months, the first additional fertilizer is applied again after the leaves of the plants are spread and before the plants are changed, and the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer which account for 10-20% of the total fertilizer are mixed and applied. The second time of topdressing is from late 8 months to late 9 months, potassium fertilizer is taken as the main fertilizer, the fertilizing amount accounts for about 10% of the total fertilizing amount, and the main functions of the fertilizer are to enhance the growth vigor of leaves, prevent the premature senility of the leaves, prolong the photosynthesis time and promote the rapid expansion of underground tubers.

(4) Removing diseased plants: after the konjac sprouts and emerges, the seed konjac is found to be diseased and is immediately pulled out; after 7 months, the disease condition is observed at any time, the central diseased plant is found, the central diseased plant is immediately dug with soil to be deeply buried or burnt, lime or multi-element disinfection powder and the like are scattered in and around the pit, the soil is treaded tightly, and the rainwater is prevented from taking away germs and expanding infection.

(5) And (3) waterlogging prevention: because the root system of the konjak is underdeveloped and is not waterlogging-resistant, the ditching and drainage work needs to be done timely when the growing period is in rainy season, so that the ditch is kept smooth at any time, and the konjak is easy to rot due to flooding and accumulated water on the ridge surface.

2.7 regular hilling: during sowing, shallow trenches are firstly opened on both sides of the outermost side of the strip, then the soil of the shallow trench on one side is used for earthing up in the seedling emergence period (5 months and 25 days), the head changing period (6 months and 20 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 6 days), and the earthing-up thickness of the strip is 2cm during each sowing.

TABLE 1 corn interplanting in gentle slope land

	Rate of emergence/%)	Seedling stage	Seedling stage	Incidence rate/%)	Yield per unit area/kg
						Conventional corn-konjak planting	91.62	6 months and 10 days	9 month and 24 days	24.97	422.6
Example 1	98.04	5 month and 22 days	10 months and 17 days	8.71	660.8

In the table, the term "seedling aligning" means that 80% of seedlings are aligned, and the term "seedling falling" means that 80% of seedlings are fallen (the same applies below). Table 1. conventional corn-konjak planting method in gentle slope land is to deeply turn over the land, apply base fertilizer, select seed taro for sun-seeding, and soak the seed with 5% quicklime water. And after ditching and sowing, covering soil, and during fertilization, avoiding direct contact between seeds and fertilizers. 15 days after konjak seeding, sowing corns on two sides of a ridge compartment, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30 cm.

Example 2

Interplanting of konjak and corn on gentle slope land

First, before sowing

1.1 land block: the self-retaining slope-slowing land is located in the southern Shanxi mountain area at the altitude of 720 m, has deep soil layer, and is neutral (pH7) loam with rich organic matters. The land is in an irregular rectangle and is distributed in a terrace shape, and the slope direction is along the width direction of the land. The annual rainfall is less than 800mm, the land parcel is cleaned in the middle and late ten days of the current 10 months, the rootstocks of the shallow layer of the earth surface are dug, simultaneously, the large soil lumps and the gravels are removed, and the land parcel is deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm.

1.2 kinds of taros: the konjac is prepared from Amorphophallus konjacThe second-instar corms with the specification of 50g-100g have no damaged insect eyes, full bud eyes and short and strong terminal buds. Using KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction rhizomes fumigated overnight in a closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.5, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10%.

1.3 sowing time: sowing in 3 months in sunny days, and keeping the average daily temperature at 10-15 ℃.

1.4 fertilization: applying decomposed sheep manure as base fertilizer, wherein the amount of the manure is about 2.5 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, the land is again subjected to rotary tillage for one time, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

Secondly, sowing

2.1 selecting drill: plant row spacing: 15cm × 20 cm; sowing the seeds in a ditch: the depth of the sowing ditch is 15-20cm, and the width of the sowing ditch is 10-15 cm;

2.2 opening deep shallow trench: deep shallow trenches are formed on two outermost sides of every 3-4 sowing trenches, and the depth of each shallow trench is 10-15cm and the width of each shallow trench is 20-30cm according to the annual rainfall of the land parcel; the depth of the deep groove is 15-25cm, and the width of the groove is 40-50 cm;

2.3 construction of reservoir with bottom "

(1) Water storage matrix: uniformly mixing matrix soil, decomposed rice husks and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2, wherein the matrix soil is obtained by mixing perlite and nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1.

(2) Thickness of the water storage substrate: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the average spreading thickness of the water storage matrix is 3-5 cm.

A reservoir with a bottom is constructed by the water storage matrix, so that the water storage effect is realized, and the effect of supplying water to the seed taro in drought is facilitated.

2.4 applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a layer of thin soil is scattered on the surface, the compound fertilizer is applied on the reservoir and uniformly spread, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is sowed according to 60kg per mu, the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea with the mass ratio of 7:1:2, and after the compound fertilizer is spread, a layer of thin soil is scattered on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.5 sowing corn: sowing corns 15 days after konjak sowing, selecting a single-ridge double-row corn interplanting mode according to the slope direction of land blocks (southwest direction), the length of illumination receiving time (average illumination time length in summer is 7-9h) and the illumination intensity (average illumination time length is 5-7 ten thousand Lx), sowing corns on two sides of a furrow in a Z shape, and planting distance is 40 cm. .

2.6 field management

The field management manner in this example was the same as in example 1.

2.7 regular hilling: during sowing, shallow trenches are firstly opened on both sides of the outermost side of the strip, then the soil of the shallow trench on one side is used for earthing up in the seedling emergence period (5 months and 25 days), the head changing period (6 months and 20 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 6 days), and the earthing-up thickness of the strip is 3cm during each sowing.

2.8 set up drip irrigation device: in the area with the rainfall less than 800mm, the leaves and root system of the konjak are greatly damaged due to continuous high-temperature drought caused by no rain. The manual dropper matching measure can effectively relieve the damage of strong transpiration to the leaves and the damage of high-temperature drought of the soil layer to the root system, thereby avoiding the symptoms of premature lodging, growth stop and the like of the konjak.

TABLE 2 corn interplanting in gentle slope land

	Rate of emergence/%)	Seedling stage	Seedling stage	Incidence rate/%)	Yield per unit area/kg
						Conventional corn-konjak planting	90.35	6 months and 7 days	9 month and 21 days	25.07	432.7
Example 2	997.64	5 month and 24 days	10 months and 15 days	8.64	663.9

Table 2 the conventional corn-konjak planting method in the gentle slope land is: deep ploughing the land, applying base fertilizer, selecting seed taro for sunning, and soaking the seed with 5% quicklime water. And after ditching and sowing, covering soil, and during fertilization, avoiding direct contact between seeds and fertilizers. 15 days after konjak seeding, sowing corns on two sides of a ridge compartment, wherein the plant spacing is 20-30 cm.

Example 3

In this example, when konjak was planted, the naked seeds were directly planted in a gentle slope. The specific planting mode is as follows:

first, before sowing

1.1 land block: the soil is deep, and is rich in organic matters and is slightly acidic (pH6.5) and gravel-containing clay. The land is in an irregular rectangle and is distributed in a terrace shape, and the slope direction is along the width direction of the land. The annual rainfall is 1130-1200mm, the land parcel is cleaned in the middle and late ten days of the current 10 months, the rootstocks of the shallow layer of the earth surface are dug, simultaneously, the large soil lumps and the gravels are removed, the land parcel is deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm.

1.2 kinds of taros: commercial variety taro, 150-. Using KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction rhizomes fumigated overnight in a closed space, KMnO ₄ -substance of hydrochloric acidThe weight ratio is 1:1.7, and the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 8%.

1.3 sowing time: sowing in the middle ten days of 4 months.

1.4 fertilization: applying decomposed cow dung as the base fertilizer, wherein the amount of the decomposed cow dung is about 1.6 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, the land is again subjected to rotary tillage for one time, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

Secondly, sowing

2.1 selecting drill: plant row spacing: 30-40cm x 30-40 cm. Sowing the seeds in a ditch: the depth of the groove is 20-30cm, and the width of the groove is 15-20 cm.

2.2 opening deep shallow trench: deep shallow trenches are formed on two outermost sides of every 2-3 sowing trenches, and the depth of each shallow trench is 15-20cm and the width of each shallow trench is 40-50cm according to the annual rainfall of the land parcel; the depth of the deep groove is 25-35cm, and the width of the groove is 30-40 cm.

2.3 construction of reservoir with bottom "

(1) Water storage matrix: uniformly mixing matrix soil, decomposed crushed straws and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2.5, wherein the matrix soil is obtained by mixing perlite and nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.2.

(2) Thickness of the water storage substrate: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the average spreading thickness of the water storage matrix is 1-2 cm.

A reservoir with a bottom is constructed by the water storage matrix, so that the water storage effect is realized, and the effect of supplying water to the seed taro in drought is facilitated.

2.4 applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is built, a thin layer of fine loam is scattered on the surface, a compound fertilizer is applied on the reservoir and uniformly scattered, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is sowed according to 55kg per mu, the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea with the mass ratio of 7:1.5:4, and after the compound fertilizer is scattered, a thin layer of fine loam is scattered on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.5 field management: the field management manner in this example was the same as in example 1.

2.6 regular hilling: during sowing, shallow trenches are firstly opened on both sides of the outermost side of the strip, then the soil of the shallow trench on one side is used for earthing up in the seedling emergence period (5 months and 25 days), the head changing period (6 months and 20 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 6 days), and the earthing-up thickness of the strip is 2-3cm during each sowing.

TABLE 3 Konjac bare seeds on gentle slope

	Rate of emergence/%)	Seedling stage	Seedling stage	Incidence rate/%)	Yield per unit area/kg
						Naked seeds of conventional konjak	87.16	6 months and 16 days	9 month and 17 days	30.74	837.9
Example 3	95.73	6 months and 2 days	11 month and 1 day	5.32	1478.2

Table 3 the conventional naked species method of konjak in the gentle slope land is: deep ploughing the land, applying base fertilizer, selecting seed taro for sunning, and soaking the seed with 5% quicklime water. And (5) covering soil after ditching and sowing. When fertilizing, the seeds are prevented from directly contacting with the fertilizer.

Example 4: intercropping and interplanting of konjak and high-stalk crops on steep slope

The 700-plus 1200m area steep slope of the southern Shaanxi mountain area is a main planting area of high-stalk crops such as forest fruits and the like, wherein the planting of walnuts, mulberry trees, castor-oil plants, Chinese chestnuts and the like is the most common, so that the intercropping and interplanting of the high-stalk crops and konjak in the steep slope is another important mode for the konjak planting in the southern Shaanxi mountain area. However, in the planting process, people often find that high-stem crops are too densely or unevenly shaded and are easy to fall down, land blocks are landslide or bare konjac seeds due to continuous rainwater, ridge compartments are dry in summer, konjac leaves are curled and yellow, and plants are short, small and thin. In the following embodiments, the slope of the steeper slope is 30-60 °. The specific example of the castor-konjac intercropping mode implemented in this example is as follows:

first, before sowing

1.1 land block: the soil layer is thicker in a relatively steep reclaimed slope with the altitude of 950 m in the southern Shaanxi mountain area, and the soil is clay which is rich in organic matters and contains gravel and is slightly acidic (pH6.5). The plots are irregular rectangles and are also distributed in a sloping terrace (as shown in figures 10-11), and the slope direction is along the width direction of the plots. The annual rainfall is 940-1120mm, the land parcel is cleaned in the middle and late ten days of the current 10 months, the rootstocks of the shallow layer of the earth surface are dug, simultaneously, the large soil lumps and the gravels are removed, the land parcel is deeply ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 30-40 cm.

1.2 kinds of taros: the rhizomes of the amorphophallus konjac are 22.4g on average, and the indehiscent insect eyes, the bud eyes are full and the terminal buds are short and strong. Using KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction rhizomes fumigated overnight in a closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.5, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 5%.

1.3 sowing time: sowing in the sunny day of 4 months.

1.4 fertilization: commercial organic fertilizers are applied as base fertilizers and purchased from charcoal-based organic fertilizers in Yongchun in Baihe county, and the amount of the organic fertilizers is about 1.5 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, the land is again subjected to rotary tillage for one time, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

Secondly, sowing

2.1 ridging planting, wherein the planting schematic diagram is shown in figure 3.

Plant row spacing: 15-20cm × 15-20 cm. Ridge 7: four rows per ridge are densely planted, the ridge width is 0.75-1m, the ridge height is 15-17cm, and the furrow width is 30-40 cm.

2.2 ridge selection: according to the annual average rainfall of the plots, the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is selected to be 30-60 degrees, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is specifically selected to be 45 degrees in the embodiment, so that water accumulation is avoided, and rainwater can be prevented from flowing away quickly.

2.3 "M" ridges: adopting ridge culture, digging a fertilizing ditch 8 in the center of the ridge surface, wherein the depth of the fertilizing ditch 8 is 6-8cm lower than that of a slope surface 11, digging sowing ditches 1 at two sides of the fertilizing ditch 8 for sowing, finally covering soil, and then the fertilizing ditch 1 is 3-5cm lower than the sowing ditches 1 at two sides after the soil is covered, namely, the fertilizing ditch is in an M-shaped ridge shape, so that rainwater can be conveniently accumulated in a reservoir, periodically hilling at the later stage, and then gradually filling the ridge surface. As shown in fig. 4.

2.4 ridging side ditch 9: according to the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction, narrow deep ditches are preferably opened, the width of each ditch is preferably 3-5cm, and the depth of each ditch is preferably 6-8 cm.

2.5 construction of inter-Ridge reservoir "

(1) The water storage substrate 4: uniformly mixing matrix soil (the mass ratio of perlite to nutrient soil is 1:1), decomposed mushroom dregs and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2.

(2) Thickness of the water storage substrate 4: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the width of the water storage substrate is 6-8cm, and the thickness is 4-6 cm.

2.6 applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is built, a thin layer of fine loam 5 is spread on the surface, a compound fertilizer 6 is applied on the fine loam, the fine loam is uniformly spread, the application amount of the compound fertilizer 6 is sowed according to 60kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer 6 consists of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:2: 3. And after the compound fertilizer 6 is spread, spreading a layer of thin soil 5 on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer. Schematic diagram of the application of water-impounded matrix and compound fertilizer is shown in figure 4.

2.7, planting castor-oil plants: and (3) culturing seedlings of the castor-oil plants 15-20 days before the konjak is sowed, and transplanting the seedlings of the castor-oil plants when the konjak is sowed and the seedlings of the castor-oil plants grow to 8-10cm high. Planting in the middle of the reserved bulge in the middle of the furrow. Selecting an interplanting mode of single-ridge single-row castor-oil plants according to the slope direction (south-north direction) of the land, the length of the illumination time (the average illumination time in summer is 7-9h) and the illumination intensity (the average illumination time is 3.8-5.2 ten thousand Lx), transplanting two castor-oil plants in each nest, and thinning after survival; in the later period of 7-8 months, topping and pruning treatment are respectively carried out, so that the castor is mainly prevented from being heavy in head and light in feet due to excessive growth and easy to fall down; meanwhile, the lower branch is removed, so that the konjak rows can be better ventilated, and the operation of farming is facilitated (see fig. 12).

2.8, field management: the field management manner in this example was the same as in example 1. The weeding time is that the konjac is planted and the castor is weeding before transplanting.

2.9 regular hilling: in the ditching and ridging planting process, ditches are firstly respectively ditched along two sides of a ridge compartment, and the reserved soil 10 in the middle of ridge side ditches is reserved for later-period ridging. The furrow width is 40cm, a mode of 15cm-10cm-15cm can be selected, namely, the soil with the width of 15cm on two sides of the ridge is firstly covered on the ridge, the bulge with the width of 10cm in the middle is respectively subjected to ridging in the seedling emergence period (6 months and 2 days), the head changing period (6 months and 27 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 15 days), and the ridging thickness between ridges is 2cm each time.

TABLE 4 Castor interplanting on steep slopes

	Rate of emergence/%)	Seedling stage	Seedling stage	Incidence rate/%)	Yield per unit area/kg
						Conventional castor-konjak interplanting	90.15	6.18	10.5	18.06	463.5
Example 4	98.33	5.27	10.23	9.29	689.2

The conventional castor-konjak planting method in the steep slope land in table 4 is as follows: deep ploughing the land, applying base fertilizer, selecting seed taro for sunning, and soaking the seed with 5% quicklime water. And (4) covering soil after ridging planting, and avoiding direct contact between the seed taro and the fertilizer during fertilization. After the konjak is sowed, the castor-oil plant is sowed in the middle of the furrow, and the plant spacing is 60 cm.

Example 5: konjak-bare seed in sloping field

In some sloping fields in the southern Shaanxi mountain area, the illumination time is relatively short due to the environmental conditions of the land blocks, such as mountain body shielding; or the pedestrian road is inconvenient, or the slope is large, so that the interplanting operation with other crops is inconvenient; or the altitude is higher, the ventilation and air permeability are good, and the temperature in summer is more proper; or artificially increasing the planting density of the konjak in the land parcel, and improving the yield of the konjak; the konjak field is not interplanted frequently and directly planted in a naked manner. Some of these slopes were indeed suitable for the naked species, as shown below (FIG. 13); however, many times, the naked species have more problems: for example, the short-term high temperature and strong illumination in summer can cause the damage of the leaves of the konjak, and particularly, the seedlings with just developed leaves are often yellowed, so that the plants are short and thin; or the ultraviolet ray is usually stronger in summer in high altitude areas, which often influences the growth of the konjak; or the continuous rain water washes the ridge to cause the lodging of the konjak plants, the landslide or the exposure of the planted konjak and the like. Thus, for similar situations, simple shading measures (as in fig. 14-15) can be built under conditional circumstances. Specific examples of the present invention will now be described as follows:

first, before sowing

1.1 land block: the soil layer is thicker in a relatively steep reclaimed sunny slope land with the elevation of 1050 m in the southern Shaanxi mountain area, and the soil is soil with rich organic matters and slightly acidic (pH6.5). The land is irregular, the annual rainfall is 1140-1260mm, the land is cleaned in the middle and late ten days of the current 10 months, the roots and stems of the shallow layer of the earth surface are dug, meanwhile, large soil blocks and broken stones are removed, the land is deeply turned, and the plowing depth is 30-40 cm.

1.2 kinds of taros: the second-instar corm of amorphophallus konjac is 150g in size, has no damaged insect eyes, plump bud eyes and short and strong terminal buds. Using KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction rhizomes fumigated overnight in a closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:5, the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 5%.

1.3 sowing time: sowing in the middle ten days of 4 months.

1.4 fertilization: commercial organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, and the quantity of the commercial organic fertilizer is about 1.5 tons per mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, the land is again subjected to rotary tillage for one time, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

Secondly, sowing

2.1 ridging and planting: plant row spacing: 20-30cm × 20-30 cm. Ridging: two lines per ridge, the ridge width is 0.8-1m, the ridge height is 15-20cm, and the furrow width is 30-40 cm.

2.2 ridge selection: according to the annual average rainfall of the plots, the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is selected to be less than 30 degrees, and drainage is facilitated.

2.3 "M" ridges: adopting ridge culture, making a fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridge surface, making the depth of the fertilizing ditch lower than the slope surface by 8cm, making sowing ditches on both sides of the fertilizing ditch for sowing, finally covering soil, making the fertilizing ditch lower than the sowing ditches on both sides by 4cm after covering soil, so as to present an 'M' ridge shape, so that rainwater can be conveniently accumulated in a 'reservoir', regularly earthing up in the later period, and gradually filling up the ridge surface.

2.4, ridging side ditches: forming grooves, namely ridge side grooves, on the furrows on the two sides of the ridge along the ridge compartment sides; according to the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction, the ridge side ditches are preferably narrow and shallow ditches with the width of 2-3cm and the depth of 2-4 cm.

2.5 construction of inter-Ridge reservoir "

(1) Water storage matrix: uniformly mixing matrix soil (perlite: nutrient soil in a mass ratio of 1:1), decomposed fungus residues (or rice husks, crushed straws and the like) and peat soil in a mass ratio of 1:1:2.

(2) Thickness of the water storage substrate: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the width of the water reservoir is 3-5cm, and the thickness of the water reservoir is 2-3 cm.

2.6 applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a thin layer of fine loam is scattered on the surface, a compound fertilizer is applied on the fine loam and uniformly scattered, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is sowed according to 50kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:2: 3. And after the compound fertilizer is spread, spreading a layer of thin loam on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.7 field management: the field management manner in this example was the same as in example 1.

2.8 regular hilling: in the ditching and ridging planting process, ditching is firstly carried out along two sides of a ridge compartment respectively, and soil in the middle of a ditch is reserved firstly for later-stage ridging. The furrow width is 40cm, a mode of 15cm-10cm-15cm can be selected, namely, the soil with the width of 15cm on two sides of the ridge is firstly covered on the ridge, the bulge with the width of 10cm in the middle is respectively subjected to ridging in the seedling emergence period (6 months and 2 days), the head changing period (6 months and 27 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 15 days), and the ridging thickness between ridges is 3cm each time.

2.9 building a sunshade net: (1) shading degree of the sunshade net: according to the fact that the average sunshine duration of the plot in summer is 7-9 hours, the average illumination intensity is 3.20-6.33 ten thousand LX, and the shading degree of the shading net is selected to be 50% -60%.

(2) The radian of the sunshade net is built: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the construction radian of the sunshade net is suitable to form an included angle of less than 30 degrees with the slope.

(3) Sunshade net building measures: as shown in fig. 14.

TABLE 5 sunshade net planting on steep slope

	Rate of emergence/%)	Seedling stage	Seedling stage	Incidence rate/%)	Yield per unit area/kg
						Conventional naked seed	82.07	6.10	9.20	38.27	610.5
Example 5	94.28	5.21	10.18	6.41	1127.9

The conventional bare seed method for steeper slopes in table 5 is: deep ploughing the land, applying base fertilizer, selecting seed taro for sunning, and soaking the seed with 5% quicklime water. And (4) covering soil after ridging planting, and avoiding direct contact between the seed taro and the fertilizer during fertilization.

Example 6

In this embodiment, when konjak is planted, naked seeds are directly planted in a steep slope. The specific planting mode is as follows:

first, before sowing

1.1 land block: the soil layer is thicker in a relatively steep reclaimed sunny slope land with the elevation of 1050 m in the southern Shaanxi mountain area, and the soil is loam with rich organic matters and slight alkali (pH7.5). The land is irregular, the annual rainfall is 734-800mm, the land is cleaned in the middle and late ten days of the current 10 months, the roots and stems of the shallow layer of the earth surface are dug, meanwhile, large soil blocks and broken stones are removed, the land is deeply turned, and the plowing depth is 30-40 cm.

1.2 kinds of taros: commercial variety taro, 150-. Using KMnO before broadcasting ₄ Hydrochloric acid reaction rhizomes fumigated overnight in a closed space, KMnO ₄ The mass ratio of hydrochloric acid is 1:1.7, and the mass concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10%.

1.3 sowing time: sowing in the middle ten days of 4 months.

1.4 fertilizing: applying decomposed cow dung as base fertilizer in the amount of 1.5 ton/mu; after the base fertilizer is applied, the land is again subjected to rotary tillage for one time, so that the base fertilizer and the soil layer are uniformly mixed.

Secondly, sowing

2.1 ridging and planting: plant row spacing: 30-40cm x 30-40 cm. Ridging: when double-row planting is carried out on each ridge, the ridge width is 1-1.2m, the ridge height is 20-30cm, and the furrow width is 40-50 cm.

2.2 ridge selection: according to the annual average rainfall of the plots, the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is selected to be 60-90 degrees, and the included angle is selected to be 70 degrees in the embodiment, so that the drainage is facilitated.

2.3 "M" ridges: adopting ridge culture, making a fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridge surface, making the depth of the fertilizing ditch lower than the slope surface by 6-8cm, making sowing ditches on two sides of the fertilizing ditch for sowing, finally covering soil, making the fertilizing ditch lower than the sowing ditches on two sides by 4cm after covering soil, i.e. presenting an M-shaped ridge shape, so as to facilitate the accumulation of rainwater in a reservoir, regularly hilling at the later stage, and gradually filling the ridge surface.

2.4, ridging side ditches: forming grooves, namely ridge side grooves, on the furrows on the two sides of the ridge along the ridge compartment sides; according to the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction, wide and deep ditches are preferably arranged on the ridge side ditches, the width of the ditches is preferably 6-8cm, and the depth of the ditches is preferably 8-10 cm.

2.5 construction of inter-Ridge reservoir "

(1) Water storage matrix: uniformly mixing matrix soil (the mass ratio of perlite to nutrient soil is 1:1.1), decomposed rice husk and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 3.

(2) Thickness of the water storage substrate: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the width of the water reservoir is 8-10cm, and the thickness of the water reservoir is 6-8 cm.

2.6 applying compound fertilizer: after the reservoir is constructed, a thin layer of fine loam is scattered on the surface, a compound fertilizer is applied on the fine loam and uniformly scattered, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 55kg per mu for drilling, and the compound fertilizer consists of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:1: 3. And after the compound fertilizer is spread, spreading a layer of thin loam on the surface to cover the compound fertilizer.

2.7 field management: the field management manner in this example was the same as in example 1.

2.8 regular hilling: in the ditching and ridging planting process, ditching is firstly carried out along two sides of a ridge compartment respectively, and soil in the middle of a ditch is reserved firstly for later-stage ridging. The furrow width is 40cm, a mode of 15cm-10cm-15cm can be selected, namely, the soil with the width of 15cm on two sides of the ridge is firstly covered on the ridge, the bulge with the width of 10cm in the middle is respectively subjected to ridging in the seedling emergence period (6 months and 2 days), the head changing period (6 months and 27 days) and the expansion period (7 months and 15 days), and the ridging thickness between ridges is 3cm each time.

2.9 building sunshade net

(1) Shading degree of the sunshade net: according to the fact that the average sunshine duration of the plot in summer is 7-9 hours, the average illumination intensity is 3.20-6.33 ten thousand LX, and the shading degree of the shading net is selected to be 50% -60%.

(2) The radian of the sunshade net is built: according to the annual rainfall of the land, the sunshade net is built according to the radian level.

TABLE 6 planting with sunshade net in steep slope

	Rate of emergence/%)	Seedling stage	Seedling stage	Incidence rate/%)	Yield per unit area/kg
						Conventional naked seed	72.19	6 month and 15 days	9 month and 17 days	45.80	681.4
Example 6	93.66	5 month and 23 days	10 months and 30 days	10.73	1347.2

The conventional bare seed method for steeper slopes in table 6 is: deep ploughing the land, applying base fertilizer, selecting seed taro for sunning, and soaking the seed with 5% quicklime water. And (4) covering soil after ridging planting, and avoiding direct contact between the seed taro and the fertilizer during fertilization.

As can be seen from tables 1 to 6, the konjak planting method in the hilly area slope land provided by the invention can be used for planting konjak in a slow slope land (as shown in figure 16) with the slope not more than 30 degrees and a steeper slope land (as shown in figure 17) with the slope of 30-60 degrees, so that the emergence rate is effectively improved, the seedling stage is advanced, the seedling stage is delayed, the morbidity is reduced, and the yield of konjak is improved.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. The method for planting konjak in the mountain slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, land selection and fertilization

Selecting loam or clay containing gravel with fertile soil, rich organic matters and pH of 6.5-7.5; deeply ploughing the land before sowing to remove weeds and impurities; sterilizing soil with bactericide, applying base fertilizer and rotary tillage;

s2 selection and disinfection of seed taro

Removing malformed, damaged and infected seed taros, and selecting high-quality konjac seeds for planting; and before sowing, the seed taro is aired and KMnO is used ₄ Mixed solution of the strong acid solution and the mixed solution is fumigated overnight;

s3, selecting sunny weather for sowing when the daily average temperature is stable at 10-15 ℃ in late 3-4 middle of the month;

s4, broadcasting a water storage matrix and a compound fertilizer at the bottom of the sowing row, then placing the seed taro, and earthing;

when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with the gradient less than 30 degrees, the sowing rows are sowing ditches arranged downwards along the direction of the gentle slope land; grooves are arranged on two sides of the outermost side of each 2-6 sowing grooves, and each groove comprises a shallow groove with the groove depth of 10-20cm and a deep groove with the groove depth of 15-35 cm;

when the sowing land is a steep slope land with the gradient of 30-60 degrees, ridging is used as a sowing row for planting, and ridge edge ditches are arranged on furrows on two sides of each ridge downwards along the ridge compartment edges;

s5, respectively carrying out hilling in the seedling emergence stage, the head changing stage and the expansion stage, wherein the hilling thickness is 2-3cm each time;

s6, field management

Weeding, disease prevention, topdressing, disease plant removal and waterlogging prevention treatment.

2. The method for planting Amorphophallus rivieri in hilly areas according to claim 1, wherein in S2, KMnO in the mixed solution ₄ The mass ratio of the acid to the strong acid is 1: 1.5-2; the mass concentration of the strong acid is 5-10%;

in S4, the water storage matrix is composed of matrix soil, decomposed soil and peat soil, and the matrix soil is composed of perlite and nutrient soil; the mass ratio of the perlite to the nutrient soil in the matrix soil is 1:1-1.2, and the mass ratio of the matrix soil, the decomposed soil and the peat soil in the water storage matrix is 1:1: 2-3.

3. The method for planting Amorphophallus konjac on hilly lands according to claim 1, wherein in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with a slope less than 30 °, the seed tuber is the tuber rhizome or the small bulb less than 50g, and the row spacing is 15-20cm x 15-20 cm; the depth of the sowing ditch is 15-17cm, and the width of the sowing ditch is 8-10 cm;

the seed taro is a two-year-old corm of 50-150g, and the plant-row spacing is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30 cm; the depth of the sowing ditch is 15-20cm, and the width of the sowing ditch is 10-15 cm;

the row spacing of the commercial seed taro plants is 30-40cm multiplied by 30-40cm, wherein the seed taro is 150-; the depth of the sowing ditch is 20-30cm, and the width of the sowing ditch is 15-20 cm.

4. The method for planting Amorphophallus konjac on hilly lands according to claim 3, wherein in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope with a slope less than 30 °, the seed tuber is smaller than 50g of rhizome or small corm, shallow and deep furrows are respectively arranged on the two sides of the outermost side of every 5-6 sowing furrows; planting taro is two-year-old corm of 50-150g, and the shallow trench and the deep trench are respectively arranged at two sides of the outermost side of each 3-4 sowing trenches; the seed taro is 150-;

setting the width and depth of the shallow trench and the deep trench according to different annual rainfall;

annual rainfall is less than 800 mm: the depth of the shallow trench is 10-15cm, and the width of the shallow trench is 20-30 cm; the depth of the deep groove is 15-25cm, and the width of the groove is 40-50 cm;

the annual rainfall is 800-: the depth of the shallow trench is 10-15cm, and the width of the shallow trench is 30-40 cm; the depth of the deep groove is 15-25cm, and the width of the groove is 30-40 cm;

annual rainfall is more than 1100 mm: the depth of the shallow trench is 15-20cm, and the width of the shallow trench is 40-50 cm; the depth of the deep groove is 25-35cm, and the width of the groove is 30-40 cm.

5. The method for planting konjak in the hilly land according to claim 4, wherein in S4, when the sowing land is a gentle slope land with a gradient less than 30 degrees and the water-storage substrate and the compound fertilizer are broadcast, the water-storage substrate is broadcast at the bottom of the sowing trench, the annual rainfall is less than 800mm, and the average broadcast thickness is 5-6 cm; the annual rainfall is 800-1100mm, and the average spreading thickness is 3-5 cm; the annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the average spreading thickness is 1-2 cm;

spreading fine loam on the surface of the water storage substrate to cover the water storage substrate, then sowing and spreading 50-60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer in a drill mode, and covering the compound fertilizer with the fine loam, wherein the compound fertilizer is composed of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in a mass ratio of 7:1-2: 2-4.

6. The method for planting Amorphophallus konjac on hilly lands according to claim 1, wherein in S3, when the planting land is a relatively steep slope with a slope of 30 ° -60 °, the seed tuber is smaller than 50g of taro rhizome or small bulb, and the row spacing is 15-20cm x 15-20 cm; planting four rows per ridge; ridge width is 0.75-1m, ridge height is 15-17cm, and furrow width is 30-40 cm;

the seed taro is a two-year-old corm of 50-150g, and the plant-row spacing is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30 cm; the width of each ridge of the double-row planting ridge is 0.8-1m, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, and the width of each furrow is 30-40 cm;

the seed taro is 150-; when double-row planting is carried out on each ridge, the ridge width is 1-1.2m, the ridge height is 20-30cm, and the furrow width is 40-50 cm; each ridge has a single row, the width of the ridge is 50-60cm, the height of the ridge is 20-25cm, and the width of the furrow is 30-40 cm.

7. The method for planting konjak in the hilly area according to claim 6, wherein in S4, when the planting field is a relatively steep slope with a slope of 30 ° to 60 °, the ridge direction, the slope direction, the included angle, and the width and depth of the ridge furrow are set according to the difference of annual rainfall;

the annual rainfall is less than 800mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 60-90 degrees; the arranged ridge edge ditch is a wide deep ditch, the width of the ditch is 6-8cm, and the depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm;

the annual rainfall is 800 plus 1100mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 30-60 degrees; the arranged ridge edge ditch is a narrow deep ditch, the width of the ditch is 3-5cm, and the depth of the ditch is 6-8 cm;

the annual rainfall is more than 1100mm, and the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is less than 30 degrees; the edge ditch is narrow, the width of the ditch is 2-3cm, and the depth of the ditch is 2-4 cm.

8. The method for planting konjak in a hilly land according to claim 7, wherein in S4, when the planting land is a relatively steep slope land with a slope of 30 ° to 60 ° and water-storing substrate and compound fertilizer are broadcast, a fertilizing ditch is opened in the center of the ridge surface, the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 6-8cm lower than the slope surface, and water-storing substrate is broadcast at the bottom of the fertilizing ditch in the center of the ridge surface;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 60-90 degrees, the width of the water storage matrix is 8-10cm, and the thickness is 6-8 cm;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is 30-60 degrees, the width of the water storage substrate is 6-8cm, and the thickness is 4-6 cm;

the included angle between the ridge direction and the slope direction is less than 30 degrees, the width of the water storage matrix is 3-5cm, and the thickness is 2-3 cm;

spreading fine loam on the surface of the water storage substrate to cover the water storage substrate, then spreading 50-60 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and covering with the fine loam;

sowing ditches are arranged at two sides of the fertilizing ditch, seed taros are placed in the sowing ditches, and soil covering is carried out; the height of the covering soil is 3-5cm lower than that of the sowing rows on the two sides.

9. The method for planting Amorphophallus konjac on hilly lands as claimed in claim 8, wherein in S5, when the planting land is a steep slope land with 30 ° -60 °, the soil on both sides of the furrow is covered after planting, and the soil is hilled in the middle of the furrow for hilling at emergence stage, top-changing stage and expansion stage.

10. The method for planting konjak in the mountain slope according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of building a sunshade net and arranging a drip irrigation device after sowing.

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