CN111011079B - Seedling cultivation method for fraxinus microphylla and planting method for fraxinus microphylla - Google Patents
Seedling cultivation method for fraxinus microphylla and planting method for fraxinus microphylla Download PDFInfo
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- CN111011079B CN111011079B CN201811176500.5A CN201811176500A CN111011079B CN 111011079 B CN111011079 B CN 111011079B CN 201811176500 A CN201811176500 A CN 201811176500A CN 111011079 B CN111011079 B CN 111011079B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention provides a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla and a planting method of fraxinus microphylla. The seedling cultivation method of the fraxinus microphylla comprises the following steps: sowing the seeds of the fraxinus folius; after the seedlings grow out, irrigating once every 2-3 cm dry soil layer appears, wherein fresh water irrigation is adopted for the first irrigation, saline water irrigation is adopted for the second irrigation, and then alternate irrigation of fresh water and saline water is sequentially carried out; after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, irrigating with saline water. According to the seedling cultivation method, the alternating irrigation mode of fresh water and saline water is adopted in the early growth stage of the seedlings, and finally the irrigation mode of the saline water is adopted, so that the fraxinus microphylla seedlings can gradually adapt to the irrigation environment of the saline water, and the fraxinus microphylla seedlings can have high survival rate under the irrigation of the saline water, and can be transplanted to bitter water distribution areas such as southern Xinjiang desert areas and the like for growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla and a planting method of fraxinus microphylla.
Background
One third of the area of China is arid region and is suffering from the threat of desertification, and the characteristics of China are mainly reflected in that: the water resource is extremely deficient, the salinization is intensified, the ecology is extremely fragile, and the contradiction between the ecology and the production water is prominent. As a subject of arid areas, most watershed water resources in xinjiang have been over-developed. Wherein the southeast ARUM has exceeded 77 billions of cubic meters, and the underground brackish water widely existing in the southeast ARUM desert region is generally considered to be not directly utilized by plants, so the method is not suitable for the growth of the plants. The direct use of fresh water for seedling culture can cause serious waste of fresh water resources; if the saline water is desalted and the seedlings are raised, the seedling raising cost is too high. In ecological engineering construction, the problem of saline seedling in desert areas is urgently needed to be solved, and the technical bottleneck of saline seedling is broken through.
Fraxinus chinensis (Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge), a tree species of the genus Fraxinus of the family Oleaceae, also known as "carpinus sonchifolia" or "cyclobalanopsis glauca", also known as "European white wax", is a precious tree species of deciduous woodwright in the third temperate zone in Xinjiang, and is called "broadleaf tree activating stone". The small leaf white wax is a small deciduous tree, has beautiful tree shape, tall and straight trunk, luxuriant branches and leaves, developed root system, faster growth, long service life, late deciduous leaves, drought resistance and barrenness resistance, less plant diseases and insect pests and strong adaptability, and is an excellent landscaping tree species and farmland protection forest tree species.
Seed propagation is the main propagation mode of the Fraxinus lobutrari, but the Fraxinus lobutrari can only be cultivated by fresh water, and once the Fraxinus lobutrari is cultivated by salt water, seedlings die. However, in the bitter water distribution area, the seedling and growth conditions of the small-leaf white wax are seriously influenced because the fresh water resource is very limited and the cost of desalting the saline water is too high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla, which can obtain fraxinus microphylla seedlings suitable for saline water irrigation.
The invention also provides a method for planting fraxinus lobular, which comprises the step of cultivating fraxinus lobular seedlings according to the seedling cultivation method, so that the finally obtained fraxinus lobular can be suitable for saline water irrigation and can grow in bitter water distribution areas.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for breeding fraxinus microphylla seedlings, comprising:
sowing the seeds of the fraxinus folius;
after the seedlings grow out, irrigating once every 2-3 cm dry soil layer appears, wherein fresh water irrigation is adopted for the first irrigation, saline water irrigation is adopted for the second irrigation, and then alternate irrigation of fresh water and saline water is sequentially carried out;
and irrigating with saline water after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings.
According to the seedling cultivation method, after the seedlings grow out from the fraxinus foliosus seeds, the seedlings are irrigated in a mode of alternately irrigating with fresh water and irrigating with saline water, so that the adaptability of the cultivated fraxinus folicus to the saline water is gradually improved at the early stage of the seedlings; and 2-3 true leaves are grown subsequently, and then the seedlings are irrigated by using saline water, so that the cultured white cereus seedlings can completely adapt to the irrigation environment of the saline water, and the white cereus seedlings also have good adaptability and can grow well in areas with very limited fresh water resources, especially in areas with bitter distribution in Xinjiang.
The salt water provided by the invention can be water with the concentration of 3-6g/L (namely, the mineral content in each liter of water is 3-6g/L), and has obvious salty taste in mouth. In fact, in all regions where the surface soil is salinized, the groundwater, even the pools and the water pools gathered by surface runoff, are mostly saline water, such as water from the desert region in southern Xinjiang and the Kuerler region; correspondingly, the fresh water in the invention is water with the mineral content of less than 3g/L, such as tap water, common underground water or wastewater which reaches relevant discharge standards after being purified by a chemical plant.
Specifically, in the early growth stage of the seedlings, namely before 2-3 true leaves grow on the seedlings, the irrigation amount of the salt water and the fresh water is preferably to ensure that a 20cm deep soil layer on the soil surface is wet, and usually, the irrigation amount of the fresh water and the irrigation amount of the salt water per square meter of soil layer are 10-20 kg and 10-20 kg respectively. The irrigation amount of fresh water and salt water in each square meter of soil layer is generally controlled to be 10-15 kg, and the irrigation amount of the salt water can be properly increased within the range along with the gradual growth of the seedlings so as to meet the water amount required by the growth of the seedlings.
When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings can be fixed according to the conventional method in the field, and the seedlings with dysplasia and plant diseases and insect pests are removed.
In the invention, after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedling, the seedling is irrigated by using saline water, and the saline water can be the same as the saline water used in the initial growth stage of the seedling, namely the water with the mineralization degree of 3-6 g/L. The irrigation frequency of the saline water can be reasonably adjusted according to the soil moisture content, and the irrigation amount of the saline water is generally controlled to be 15-25 kg/square meter each time. And the irrigation amount of the saline water can be properly increased in the range along with the gradual growth of the seedlings so as to meet the water amount required by the growth of the seedlings.
The method is not particularly limited, and the fraxinus microphylla seeds can be screened according to the screening standard commonly used in the breeding process of the fraxinus microphylla. Under normal conditions, the fraxinus microphylla blooms in Xinjiang area, especially in northern Xinjiang area generally in the first ten days of 5 months, the seeds mature from the middle and last ten days of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, when the wings are dry and the color of the peel changes from yellow green to earthy yellow or yellow brown, the mother trees which are 10-20 years old, straight and dry, and vigorous in growth and have no diseases and insect pests are selected for seed collection, because the seeds of the fraxinus microphylla are generally hung on the trees and do not fall off, the mother trees can be collected or knocked off and collected, then the seeds which are shrunken, fruited and full and have no diseases and insect pests are removed, the seeds are left, naturally aired in ventilated and cool places, and stored in dry and ventilated rooms for later use.
The fraxinus microphylla has strong cold resistance, but the soil is frozen in the Xinjiang area in winter, so the fraxinus microphylla is generally sowed in the early spring of the next year to ensure the survival rate and normal growth. For example, the seeds can be sown in late 3 to middle 4 months per year, and the seedlings can begin to emerge about 20 to 30 days after sowing.
The seed of the fraxinus microphylla belongs to a deep dormancy seed, and can be treated according to the following steps before sowing besides direct sowing:
soaking the seeds of the Fraxinus lobus in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 20-28 hours, then accelerating germination of the seeds soaked in the warm water, and sowing after more than one third of the seeds expose white buds.
In the invention, warm water at 40-50 ℃ is adopted to soak the fraxinus folius seeds, so that the germination accelerating speed of the seeds can be improved.
In order to further improve the germination accelerating efficiency, oxygen can be introduced into the warm water for soaking the seeds so as to ensure the oxygen amount in the warm water. In the implementation process of the invention, water is changed during warm water soaking so as to ensure the oxygen amount in the warm water. Typically, during the soaking of the fraxinus microphylla seeds in warm water, the water is changed at least twice, such as 2, 3, or 4 times.
The seeds soaked in warm water can be subjected to pregermination by adopting a pregermination means commonly used in the current forest cultivation process, for example, the seeds soaked in warm water can be covered with a straw mat for pregermination so as to ensure the temperature of the seeds in the pregermination process; also, water may be sprayed daily to maintain humidity.
It can be understood that the seedling growing land should be sandy loam or loam which is good in drainage and fertile. Is not suitable for seedling culture in saline-alkali soil, low-lying land and waterlogging land. In the invention, the furrow of the original sand land is selected for sowing, and the original sand land which is relatively flat is selected as much as possible.
In the invention, the height of the ridge can be controlled within 15-20 cm. Specifically, a flat original sand ground can be selected as a rectangular furrow with the area of 3-10 square meters, such as a rectangular furrow with the width of 1.5m and the length of 5m, and a square furrow with the side length of 2 m, the furrows are continuously arranged in parallel, and the furrow surface is kept flat.
The invention adopts a bed-making cultivation mode, and considers that the surface of the bed is not easy to accumulate water, and the bed ditch can drain water, thereby avoiding waterlogging and drought; the soil on the ridge is loose and fertile, and the soil temperature is higher, thus being beneficial to the growth of crops; reasonable close planting can be realized, and the furrow is favorable for ventilation; the furrow can also be used as a field footpath or a drainage and irrigation water channel to facilitate field management. Especially in low-temperature saline-alkali soil, water can be drained by adopting multi-row ridge planting, the evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced, and the saline-alkali soil is prevented from returning to the ground.
Before sowing, the soil can be turned over deeply by about 30 cm. Soil crushing, raking and pressing, the whole process should be closely linked, and the purpose is to improve the soil structure, keep moisture, improve the soil fertility, create conditions for the germination of seeds and the normal growth of seedlings.
Furthermore, 2% -3% ferrous sulfate solution and insecticide can be used for disinfecting and sterilizing soil to prevent plant diseases and insect pests. Certainly, during the whole cultivation process of the seedlings, bactericides such as carbendazim and the like can be sprayed according to actual conditions to prevent diseases and insect pests.
It can be understood that before sowing, fertilization can be carried out according to the actual conditions of the soil, such as farmyard manure, diammonium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the like, so as to supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium elements and trace elements in the soil. In fact, during the whole seedling cultivation period, the seedlings can be fertilized according to the growth condition of the actual seedlings as appropriate so as to ensure the rapid growth of the seedlings.
In the invention, the fraxinus microphylla seeds can be sowed in the furrow in a drilling mode, the drilling depth is 5-8cm, the seeding amount is 20-30 seeds/m, and the row spacing is 40-50 cm. The seeding amount and the row spacing of the fraxinus microphylla can ensure that each fraxinus microphylla has a proper growth space, so that the nursery stock has good ventilation and light transmission and is convenient for subsequent irrigation.
In the specific implementation process of the invention, irrigation, such as saline water irrigation, can be carried out one day before sowing, so that a soil layer with the depth of 20cm in each furrow can be kept moist, the soil can be formed by kneading with hands, and then the seeds or the seeds with white buds exposed are sown and raised.
It will be appreciated that the ambient temperature should be controlled to be-20 ℃ to 60 ℃ throughout the seedling cultivation of Fraxinus microphylla as described above. In fact, the temperature in Xinjiang in China is generally twenty-zero degrees Celsius to sixty-zero degrees Celsius, and the fraxinus lobus can survive and grow in the environment of the area. Of course, if in other areas, for example, the temperature is lower than-20 ℃, the growth temperature of the ceresin wax can be ensured to be within the above temperature range by building a plastic film of a greenhouse on the seedling raising bed. Or even if the fraxinus microphylla is cultivated in Xinjiang China, the temperature can be kept constant by building a plastic film of a greenhouse and the like, and the rapid growth of the fraxinus microphylla is promoted.
Furthermore, wheat straws with the thickness of 5-8cm can be covered on a plastic film of the greenhouse to maintain the temperature stability and ensure the healthy growth of the fraxinus microphylla seedlings.
The invention finally provides a planting method of the leaflet white wax, which comprises the steps of firstly, culturing the seedlings of the leaflet white wax according to the seedling culture method, and then planting and culturing the seedlings of the leaflet white wax into the leaflet white wax.
It can be understood that, since the seedlings of the fraxinus lobutrari have been adapted to saline irrigation, fraxinus lobutrari cultured by planting the seedlings of the fraxinus lobutrari can also be irrigated with saline water. Therefore, the seedlings of the small leaf fraxinus can be transplanted to bitter water distribution areas, such as Xinjiang areas in China, especially southern Xinjiang desert areas.
The invention is not particularly limited on how to plant the seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla into fraxinus microphylla, and generally, when the dry diameter basal part of the fraxinus microphylla grows to 0.8-1.2cm thick and the plant height is 40-50cm, the fraxinus microphylla can be transplanted.
And managing the transplanted seedlings, namely watering and weeding frequently, simultaneously fertilizing with water according to the growth condition of the plants, and trimming moderately to cultivate the uprightness of the trunk and enhance the commodity quality of the grown seedlings.
According to the method for cultivating the seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla provided by the invention, the fraxinus microphylla seedlings suitable for saline water irrigation are obtained by adopting a mode of alternately irrigating fresh water and saline water at the early growth stage of the seedlings and irrigating saline water at the later growth stage of the seedlings, and the fraxinus microphylla seedlings are good in growth and have the qualified seedling rate of more than 85%.
Therefore, the method for cultivating the seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla provided by the invention accumulates technical reserve for ecological engineering construction and greening projects in extremely arid desert regions, and has very important significance for ecological environment construction and ecological industry development in brackish water distribution regions and fresh water resource saving.
The method for planting the fraxinus lobus comprises the step of obtaining fraxinus lobus seedlings by cultivating according to the seedling cultivation method, and the fraxinus lobus seedlings can be well adapted to the irrigation environment of saline water, so that the fraxinus lobus seedlings can be transplanted to bitter water distribution areas such as southern Xinjiang desert areas and the like, can be well adapted to the local severe environment and can thrive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for growing seedlings of Fraxinus microphylla according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, sowing the seeds of the small leaf white wax;
step 2, after the seedlings grow out of the seeds, irrigating once every 2-3 cm dry soil layer appears, wherein fresh water irrigation is adopted for the first irrigation, saline water irrigation is adopted for the second irrigation, and then alternate irrigation of fresh water and saline water is sequentially carried out;
and 3, irrigating with saline water after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings.
Specifically, before sowing in step 1, sandy loam with good drainage and fertility is selected as a seedling raising land, for example, a relatively flat original sandy land is selected, rectangular furrows with the length of 5m and the width of 1.5m are made, and the furrows are continuously arranged in parallel, so that the surface of the furrows is kept flat. And then, filling saline water with the mineralization degree of 4g/L one day before sowing to ensure that a soil layer of 20cm in each ridge is kept moist, and the soil can be formed by hand kneading.
The sowing in the step 1 can be carried out in spring, and particularly in Xinjiang, the sowing can be carried out between 3 late to 4 middle of the year.
In this embodiment, a drill seeding mode is specifically adopted for seeding, the drill seeding depth is about 5cm, the seeding amount is about 20 seeds per meter, and the row spacing is about 40 cm.
After the seeds grow seedlings, irrigating fresh water (tap water) once according to the irrigation quantity of 10 kilograms per square meter; in the early stage of seedling growth, the dry soil layer is irrigated once when reaching 3cm each time, and the subsequent multiple irrigation is performed by alternately irrigating fresh water and saline water, wherein the irrigation amount of the fresh water is 10-15 kg/square meter each time, the irrigation amount of the saline water (the mineralization is 4g/L) each time is 10-15 kg/square meter, the irrigation amounts of the fresh water and the saline water can be controlled to be smaller at the beginning, the irrigation amount can be properly increased along with the growth of the seedlings until the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, and the saline water irrigation mode can be adopted subsequently according to the actual soil moisture, and the irrigation amount of each time is 15-25 kg/square meter.
Statistics show that the average ground diameter of annual seeding small leaf Chinese ash reaches 0.8-1.2cm, the average seedling height reaches 40-50cm, and the qualified seedling rate is about 86% (based on the seeding small leaf Chinese ash seedling height of more than 40cm, the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, no plant diseases and insect pests, and sufficient lignification).
This example provides a method for cultivating fraxinus microphylla seedlings, which is suitable for irrigation with saline water. Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla provided by the embodiment sequentially adopts the alternative irrigation mode of fresh water and saline water at the initial growth stage of the seedlings, so that the seedlings can gradually adapt to the irrigation mode of the saline water, and after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, saline water is adopted for irrigation every time, so that the fraxinus microphylla seedlings completely suitable for the irrigation of the saline water are finally obtained.
Therefore, the seedling cultivation method in the embodiment solves the defects that in the prior art, the seedlings of the Fraxinus lobular wax are only suitable for fresh water irrigation, so that the cost is high, and the environmental adaptability is poor, and avoids the phenomenon that the seedlings die when the Fraxinus lobular wax is directly irrigated by saline water.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, soaking the seeds of the Fraxinus lobular in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 20-28 hours, then accelerating germination of the seeds soaked in the warm water until more than one third of the seeds are exposed to white buds;
step 2, sowing the seeds of the small leaf white wax;
step 3, after the seedlings grow out of the seeds, irrigating once every 2-3 cm dry soil layer appears, wherein fresh water irrigation is adopted for the first irrigation, saline water irrigation is adopted for the second irrigation, and then alternate irrigation of fresh water and saline water is sequentially carried out;
and 4, irrigating with saline water after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings.
Specifically, a flat original sand field is selected, square furrows with the side length of about 2 meters are made, the furrows are continuously arranged in parallel, and the surface of each furrow is kept flat. And then 6g/L saline water is filled one day before sowing, so that a soil layer of 20cm in each ridge is kept moist, and the soil can be formed by hand kneading.
In the step 1, firstly, soaking the seeds with the winged lobular fraxinus in warm water at about 40 ℃ for about 24 hours, and changing water once every 6 hours during the warm water soaking period; the warm soaked seeds were then covered with a mat of grass and water was sprayed on the mat daily to maintain humidity and temperature. Sowing when one third of the seeds show white buds.
The sowing in the step 2 can be performed in spring, for example, in Xinjiang, and can be performed between 3 late and 4 middle of the year.
In this embodiment, a drill seeding mode is specifically adopted for seeding, the drill seeding depth is about 5cm, the seeding amount is about 20 seeds per meter, and the row spacing is about 40 cm.
After the seeds grow seedlings, irrigating fresh water (tap water) once according to the irrigation quantity of about 10 kilograms per square meter; in the seedling stage, the dry soil layer is irrigated once when reaching 2cm each time, and the subsequent irrigation for multiple times is performed by alternately irrigating with fresh water and saline water, wherein the irrigation amount of the fresh water is 10-15 kg/square meter each time, the irrigation amount of the saline water (the mineralization is 6g/L) is 10-15 kg/square meter each time, the irrigation amounts of the fresh water and the saline water can be controlled to be smaller at the beginning, the irrigation amount can be properly increased along with the growth of the seedlings until the seedlings grow out 2-3 true leaves, and the saline water is irrigated subsequently, wherein the irrigation amount is 15-25 kg/square meter.
In winter, a wood support with the height of 20cm is built on the ridge, a plastic film with the thickness of 1mm is attached, and then wheat straw is covered with the plastic film with the thickness of 5 cm.
Statistics show that the average ground diameter of annual seeding leaf cerasus humilis reaches 0.8-1.2cm, the average seedling height reaches 40-50cm, and the qualified seedling rate is about 90% (based on the seeding leaf cerasus humilis seedling height of more than 40cm, the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, no plant diseases and insect pests, and sufficient lignification).
This example provides a method for cultivating fraxinus microphylla seedlings, which is suitable for irrigation with saline water. Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla provided by the embodiment sequentially adopts the alternative irrigation mode of fresh water and saline water at the initial growth stage of the seedlings, so that the seedlings can gradually adapt to the irrigation mode of the saline water, and after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, saline water is adopted for irrigation every time, so that the fraxinus microphylla seedlings completely suitable for the irrigation of the saline water are finally obtained.
In addition, in the embodiment, before sowing, the seeds of the fraxinus folius are subjected to germination accelerating treatment, so that the seedling qualification rate of the fraxinus folius is further improved.
Therefore, the seedling cultivation method in the embodiment solves the defects that in the prior art, the seedlings of the Fraxinus lobus Linn are only suitable for fresh water irrigation, so that the cost is high, and the environmental adaptability is poor, and avoids the phenomenon that the seedlings die when the Fraxinus lobus Linn is irrigated by saline water.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, soaking the seeds of the Fraxinus lobular in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 20-28 hours, then accelerating germination of the seeds soaked in the warm water until more than one third of the seeds are exposed to white buds;
step 2, sowing the seeds of the small leaf white wax;
step 3, after the seedlings grow out of the seeds, irrigating once every 2-3 cm dry soil layer appears, wherein fresh water irrigation is adopted for the first irrigation, saline water irrigation is adopted for the second irrigation, and then alternate irrigation of fresh water and saline water is sequentially carried out;
and 4, irrigating with saline water after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings.
Specifically, a flat original sand field is selected, square furrows with the side length of about 2 meters are made, the furrows are continuously arranged in parallel, and the surface of each furrow is kept flat. And then 6g/L of saline water is poured to ensure that a soil layer of 20cm in each ridge is kept wet.
In the step 1, firstly, soaking the seeds with the winged lobular fraxinus in warm water at about 48 ℃ for about 24 hours, and changing water once every 8 hours during the warm water soaking period; the seeds after soaking in warm water were then covered with a mat of grass and sprayed with water daily to maintain humidity and temperature. Sowing when one third of seeds are exposed to white buds.
The sowing in the step 2 can be performed in spring, for example, in Xinjiang, and can be performed between 3 late and 4 middle of the year.
In this embodiment, a drill seeding mode is specifically adopted for seeding, the drill seeding depth is about 5cm, the seeding amount is about 20 seeds per meter, and the row spacing is about 40 cm.
After the seeds grow seedlings, irrigating fresh water (tap water) once according to the irrigation quantity of about 10 kilograms per square meter; in the seedling stage, the dry soil layer reaches 3cm each time, namely, the dry soil layer is irrigated once, and the subsequent irrigation for multiple times adopts fresh water and saline water (6g/L) for alternate irrigation, wherein the irrigation amount of the fresh water is 10-15 kg/square meter each time, the irrigation amount of the saline water is 10-15 kg/square meter each time, the irrigation amounts of the fresh water and the saline water can be controlled to be smaller at the beginning, the irrigation amount can be properly increased along with the growth of the seedlings until the seedlings grow out 2-3 true leaves, the saline water is adopted for irrigation in the follow-up process, and the irrigation amount is 15-25 kg/square meter.
In winter, a wood support with the height of 20cm is built on the ridge, a plastic film with the thickness of 1mm is attached, and then wheat straw is covered with the plastic film with the thickness of 10 cm.
Statistics show that the average ground diameter of annual seeding small leaf Chinese ash reaches 0.8-1.2cm, the average seedling height reaches 40-50cm, and the qualified seedling rate is about 90% (based on the seeding small leaf Chinese ash seedling height of more than 40cm, the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, no plant diseases and insect pests, and sufficient lignification).
This example provides a method for cultivating fraxinus microphylla seedlings, which is suitable for irrigation with saline water. Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the seedlings of fraxinus microphylla provided by the embodiment sequentially adopts a fresh water and saline water alternative irrigation mode in the initial growth stage of the seedlings, so that the seedlings can gradually adapt to a saline water irrigation mode, and after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, saline water irrigation is adopted for each irrigation, so that fraxinus microphylla seedlings completely suitable for saline water irrigation are finally obtained.
In addition, in the embodiment, before sowing, the seeds of the fraxinus folius are subjected to germination accelerating treatment, so that the seedling qualification rate of the fraxinus folius is further improved.
Therefore, the seedling cultivation method in the embodiment solves the defects that in the prior art, the seedlings of the Fraxinus lobus Linn are only suitable for fresh water irrigation, so that the cost is high, and the environmental adaptability is poor, and avoids the phenomenon that the seedlings die when the Fraxinus lobus Linn is irrigated by saline water.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, soaking the seeds of the Fraxinus lobular in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 20-28 hours, then accelerating germination of the seeds soaked in the warm water, and exposing more than one third of the seeds to white buds;
step 2, sowing the seeds of the small leaf white wax;
step 3, after the seedlings grow out of the seeds, irrigating once every 2-3 cm dry soil layer appears, wherein fresh water irrigation is adopted for the first irrigation, saline water irrigation is adopted for the second irrigation, and then alternate irrigation of fresh water and saline water is sequentially carried out;
and 4, irrigating with saline water after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings.
Specifically, a flat original sand land is selected, square furrows with the side length of about 2 meters are made, the furrows are continuously arranged in parallel, and the surface of each furrow is kept flat. And then, one day before sowing, 5g/L of saline water is filled, so that a soil layer of 20cm in each ridge is kept moist, and the soil can be formed by hand kneading.
In the step 1, firstly, soaking the seeds with the winged lobular fraxinus in warm water at about 45 ℃ for about 28 hours, and changing water once every 5 hours during the warm water soaking period; the seeds after soaking in warm water were then covered with a mat of grass and sprayed with water daily to maintain humidity and temperature. Sowing when one third of seeds are exposed to white buds.
The sowing in the step 2 can be performed in spring, for example, in Xinjiang, and can be performed between 3 late and 4 middle of the year.
In this embodiment, a drill seeding mode is specifically adopted for seeding, the drill seeding depth is about 5cm, the seeding amount is about 20 seeds per meter, and the row spacing is about 40 cm.
After the seeds grow seedlings, irrigating fresh water (tap water) once according to the irrigation quantity of about 10 kilograms per square meter; in the seedling stage, the dry soil layer reaches 3cm each time, namely, the dry soil layer is irrigated once, and the subsequent multiple irrigation is alternately irrigated by fresh water and saline water, wherein the irrigation amount of the fresh water is 10-15 kg/square meter each time, the irrigation amount of the saline water (the mineralization is 4.7g/L) is 10-15 kg/square meter each time, the irrigation amount of the fresh water and the saline water can be controlled to be smaller at the beginning, the irrigation amount can be properly increased along with the growth of the seedlings until the seedlings grow out 2-3 true leaves, the saline water is irrigated in the subsequent steps, and the irrigation amount is 15-25 kg/square meter.
In winter, a wood support with the height of 20cm is built on the ridge, a plastic film with the thickness of 1mm is attached, and then wheat straw is covered with the plastic film with the thickness of 10 cm.
Statistics show that the average ground diameter of annual seeding leaf cerasus humilis reaches 0.8-1.2cm, the average seedling height reaches 40-50cm, and the qualified seedling rate is about 90% (based on the seeding leaf cerasus humilis seedling height of more than 40cm, the ground diameter of more than 0.5cm, no plant diseases and insect pests, and sufficient lignification).
This example provides a method for cultivating fraxinus microphylla seedlings, which is suitable for irrigation with saline water. Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla provided by the embodiment sequentially adopts the alternative irrigation mode of fresh water and saline water at the initial growth stage of the seedlings, so that the seedlings can gradually adapt to the irrigation mode of the saline water, and after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, saline water is adopted for irrigation every time, so that the fraxinus microphylla seedlings completely suitable for the irrigation of the saline water are finally obtained.
In addition, in the embodiment, before sowing, the seeds of fraxinus microphylla are subjected to germination accelerating treatment, so that the seedling qualification rate of fraxinus microphylla is further improved.
Therefore, the seedling cultivation method in the embodiment solves the defects that in the prior art, the seedlings of the Fraxinus lobus Linn are only suitable for fresh water irrigation, so that the cost is high, and the environmental adaptability is poor, and avoids the phenomenon that the seedlings die when the Fraxinus lobus Linn is irrigated by saline water.
Example 5
This example provides a method for planting fraxinus lobular, comprising the steps of first growing fraxinus lobular seedlings according to the method for growing seedlings of examples 1-4, and then planting and growing fraxinus lobular seedlings into fraxinus lobular.
Specifically, the process of culturing the seedling of Cera chinensis var chinensis can refer to examples 1-4 and accompanying drawings 1-2, until the dry diameter of Cera chinensis grows to 0.8-1.2cm thick and the plant height is above 40 cm.
The process of planting and culturing the fraxinus microphylla seedlings into fraxinus microphylla can be carried out by adopting the conventional means in the field, for example, after transplanting, according to the principles of frequent watering and frequent weeding, meanwhile, according to the growth condition of plants, fertilizer is applied with water, and the plants are properly pruned, so as to culture the verticality of the trunk and enhance the commodity quality of the aged seedlings.
The seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla can be well adapted to saline water irrigation, so the seedlings of the fraxinus microphylla can be transplanted to a bitter water distribution area, such as the southern Xinjiang area, 3-6g/L can be adopted during watering, even saline water with higher salinity, such as saline water with the salinity of more than 10g/L can be adopted for watering, and the seedlings can still grow normally.
In the method for cultivating the fraxinus lobus Linne, in the initial stage of the growth of the seedling, the seedlings are irrigated alternately with fresh water and saline water, so that the seedlings can adapt to the saline water irrigation mode gradually, and after 2-3 true leaves grow out, the saline water irrigation is adopted for each irrigation, so that the fraxinus lobus Linne seedling completely suitable for the saline water irrigation is obtained finally. Therefore, the fraxinus microphylla seedlings can adapt to the severe environment of brackish water distribution areas (the total salt content of the soil is 0.58% -1.02%) such as southern Xinjiang, and the like, and therefore, the fraxinus microphylla seedlings can be transplanted to the brackish water distribution areas and can thrive.
Therefore, the method for planting the small leaf fraxinus in the embodiment solves the defects that the small leaf fraxinus is only suitable for fresh water irrigation, so that the small leaf fraxinus is high in cost, poor in environmental adaptability and incapable of thriving in the prior art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A seedling cultivation method of fraxinus microphylla is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sowing the fraxinus lobular seeds in soil;
after the seedlings grow out of the seeds, irrigating once every 2-3 cm dry soil layer appears, wherein fresh water irrigation is adopted for the first irrigation, saline water irrigation is adopted for the second irrigation, and then alternate irrigation of fresh water and saline water is sequentially carried out;
after 2-3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, irrigating the seedlings by using saline water;
before 2-3 true leaves grow out of the seedling, controlling the irrigation amount of the saline water to be 10-20 kg/square meter, and controlling the irrigation amount of the fresh water to be 10-20 kg/square meter;
after 2-3 true leaves grow on the seedling, controlling the irrigation amount of the saline water to be 15-25 kg/square meter;
the total salt content of the soil is 0.58-1.02%;
the concentration of the saline water is 3-6g/L, and the concentration of the fresh water is less than 3 g/L;
further comprising:
soaking the seeds of the Fraxinus lobus in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 20-28 hours, then accelerating germination of the seeds soaked in the warm water, and sowing the seeds after more than one third of the seeds expose white buds;
changing water at least twice in the process of soaking the fraxinus microphylla seeds in warm water;
covering a straw mat on the seeds soaked in the warm water for accelerating germination;
sowing the fraxinus microphylla seeds in the furrow in a drilling mode, wherein the drilling depth is 5-8cm, the seeding amount is 20-30 seeds/m, and the row spacing is 40-50 cm;
and in the seedling cultivation process of the fraxinus microphylla, controlling the environmental temperature to be minus 20 ℃ to 60 ℃.
2. A method for planting fraxinus lobus, comprising the steps of cultivating fraxinus lobus seedlings according to the method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, and planting the fraxinus lobus seedlings to form fraxinus lobus.
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