CN110012773B - Cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under moso bamboo forest - Google Patents
Cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under moso bamboo forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012773B CN110012773B CN201910429263.7A CN201910429263A CN110012773B CN 110012773 B CN110012773 B CN 110012773B CN 201910429263 A CN201910429263 A CN 201910429263A CN 110012773 B CN110012773 B CN 110012773B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under a moso bamboo forest, which comprises the following steps: a. selecting and cleaning bamboo forest lands: selecting a mountain slope with the altitude of 400-1000m as a cultivation forest land, removing weeds and miscellaneous shrubs in the bamboo forest land, and regularly adjusting the structure of the bamboo forest; b. interplanting paris polyphylla: between 3 months and 4 months, after the soil is unfrozen in spring beginning, the paris polyphylla seedling is transplanted under the bamboo forest, the planting density is 0.3-0.8m multiplied by 0.3-0.8m, and after planting, the paris polyphylla seedling is thoroughly watered to fix roots; c. performing field management and pest control after transplanting; d. harvesting paris polyphylla: after the tubers of the paris polyphylla are mature, the seedlings are poured in 10-11 months and the overground stems are withered, and then the paris polyphylla is harvested by digging. The method is simple, and the interplanting of the paris polyphylla can not only fully utilize the resources of the bamboo forest land, but also save labor cost, reduce production cost and increase output.
Description
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under a moso bamboo forest.
Background
Paris polyphylla, a traditional Chinese medicine of Paris polyphylla, is a perennial herb of Paris of Liliaceae, is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and is also a main raw material of various Chinese patent medicines. The wild paris polyphylla is gradually reduced due to long-term over-excavation and faces exhaustion. Therefore, the research on the artificial cultivation technology of paris polyphylla is urgent to accelerate the development of the propagation way and the production scale of paris polyphylla. In recent years, as labor cost rises, bamboo prices fall and bamboo forest operational benefits are obviously reduced, various economic crops are planted in the bamboo forest in various places to develop multi-target operation. The Chinese medicinal material paris polyphylla is planted under the bamboo forest, so that the income of farmers can be increased, a Chinese medicinal base can be developed, the development of local economy can be promoted, the ecological environment and resources of the bamboo area can be protected, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under a moso bamboo forest. The method is simple, and the interplanting of the paris polyphylla can not only fully utilize the bamboo forest land resources, but also save the labor cost, reduce the production cost and increase the yield; in addition, the invention can effectively reduce the harm of plant diseases and insect pests, the planted paris polyphylla has low heavy metal content and no pesticide residue, meets the national green Chinese medicinal material standard, can greatly meet the requirement of the Chinese medicinal material manufacturing industry, and has obvious economic benefit.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under a moso bamboo forest comprises the following steps:
a. selecting and cleaning bamboo forest land: selecting a mountain slope with the altitude of 400-1000m as a cultivation forest land, and removing weeds and miscellaneous shrubs in the bamboo forest land;
b. interplanting paris polyphylla: between 3 months and 4 months, after the soil is unfrozen in spring beginning, the paris polyphylla seedling is transplanted under the bamboo forest, the planting density is 0.3-0.8m multiplied by 0.3-0.8m, and after planting, the paris polyphylla seedling is thoroughly watered to fix roots;
c. after transplanting, periodically adjusting the structure of the bamboo forest, and performing field management and pest control;
d. harvesting paris polyphylla: after the tubers of the paris polyphylla are mature, the seedlings are poured in 10-11 months and the overground stems are withered, and then the paris polyphylla is harvested by digging.
In the cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla in phyllostachys pubescens, in the step a, the slope of the cultivated forest land is 15-30 degrees, the subacid soil is good in drainage and fertile and sticky, and the thickness of the soil layer is 50-90cm.
In the cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under the phyllostachys pubescens, in the step a, the structure of the bamboo forest is adjusted according to the principle of strong weak cutting, dense cutting, sparse cutting and small cutting.
In the cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla in the phyllostachys pubescens forest, the structure of the bamboo forest is adjusted 11-3 months after the bamboo shoots grow in the old and the young, 220-250 mu of bamboos are reserved, the canopy density of the phyllostachys pubescens forest is 0.75-0.85, the uniformity is more than 0.8, the bamboos with the density of 1-3 degrees respectively account for 30 percent, and the bamboos with the density of 4 degrees account for 10 percent.
In the cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under the moso bamboo forest, the mechanisms of the bamboo forest are adjusted in winter every year by the bamboo forest in the flower year, 196-230 mu of bamboos are reserved, the canopy density of the moso bamboo forest is 0.70-0.80, the uniformity is more than 0.8, and the bamboos with the density of 1-4 account for 25 percent respectively.
In the step b, the rhizome of the local healthy Paris polyphylla without diseases and insect pests is dug, the rhizome is cut into small sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm, the small sections are spread out and placed in a ventilated place for 12-24 hours, and plant ash is scattered on the surfaces of the cuts after the surface of the cut pieces are dried in the air; in the month of 2-3, selecting a gentle bamboo forest land with the gradient of 10-20 degrees, removing weeds and miscellaneous trees, flatly growing seedlings, making a planting ditch with the width of 1-1.4m and the depth of 0.3-0.5m in the seedling bed and the depth of 1-5cm in the length direction; placing the cut small rhizome blocks of the paris polyphylla in a breeding bed, covering with humus soil of 1-4 cm, and covering with a film; removing the film after 4-5 months, covering with straw, bamboo branch or leaf with thickness of 20-30cm, after seedling emergence, strengthening management, and transplanting for planting in the next year.
In the cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under the phyllostachys pubescens forest, in the step b, the planting density is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m.
In the cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla in the phyllostachys pubescens, in the step c, field management of the paris polyphylla requires loose soil, intertillage weeding is carried out every year, weeding is carried out on the principle of removing early weeds and removing small weeds, shallow soil loosening is carried out by combining weeding in 5 months to 7 th days, meanwhile, moisture management is enhanced, drainage is carried out in time in rainy seasons, and waterlogging is prevented; after top dressing for 2 times and 3-4 months, hole-applying biochar fertilizer with the application amount of 0.5-1 t/mu, wherein the content of N in the fertilizer is more than 6 percent, the content of P2O5 and K2O are respectively more than 3.0 percent, the content of organic matters is more than 65 percent, and the pH value is 5.8-6.0; in the 2 nd quick growth period of Paris polyphylla, in the last ten days of 6 months, ditching and applying farmyard manure above the slope, wherein the application amount is 1-2 t/mu; and (3) within 8-9 months, cutting down the fresh bamboo branches to shade the paris polyphylla or building a shading net, and watering or sprinkling irrigation is carried out before the time from 19 to 2 days earlier than 7, so that the temperature of a forest land is reduced, the humidity is increased, the paris polyphylla is prevented from falling easily under the conditions of direct sunlight or drought, and the growth period is prolonged for 1-2 months.
In the step c, in the pest control of the paris polyphylla, if a paris polyphylla virus disease is found, removing a diseased plant, and using a 5% bacteria-toxin water remover at a disease hole or removing the diseased plant; if scarab beetle is found to be harmful, 90 percent crystal dipterex 800-1000 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time every 5-7 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times; if the root rot is found, spraying 80% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1200 times liquid and 50% carbendazim on the disease acupoint for 1 time every 10 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times.
In the step d, when digging, firstly, the stem and leaves are cut off, then, the side face is dug by using a hoe, tubers are dug out, the root tuber with buds is cut off to culture seedlings, the rest parts are cleaned with soil, the fibrous roots are removed, and the seedlings are sliced, dried in the sun or dried to be used as medicines.
Compared with the prior art, the method controls the density of the bamboo forest by adjusting and controlling the structure of the bamboo forest, and realizes the high-efficiency cultivation of interplanting Paris polyphylla under the moso bamboo forest by field management and pest control. On one hand, the method is simple, and the interplanting of the paris polyphylla can not only fully utilize the resources of the bamboo forest land and save labor cost, but also reduce the production cost and increase the yield; on the other hand, the invention can effectively reduce the harm of plant diseases and insect pests, the planted paris polyphylla has low heavy metal content and no pesticide residue, meets the national green Chinese medicinal material standard, can greatly meet the requirement of the Chinese medicinal material manufacturing industry, and has obvious economic benefit. In addition, the invention also carries out rapid propagation by cutting rhizome into blocks, so that the seedling raising propagation difficulty of the paris polyphylla is greatly reduced, and the planted paris polyphylla has extremely high economic value through corresponding field management and pest control. Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a rhizome-propagated Paris polyphylla seedling of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a stem block diagram of a seedling of Paris polyphylla which is rhizome-propagated in the comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1 selecting Zhejiang Quzhou Ququjiang district full vigorous town Maojia village as implementation place, selecting mountain area sloping field with elevation 500-550m as cultivation forest land, the gradient of the cultivation forest land is 18 degrees, draining water well and fertilizing viscous slightly acidic soil, the thickness of the soil layer is 55-60cm, and removing weeds and miscellaneous shrubs in bamboo forest land. The method comprises the steps of adjusting the structure of a bamboo forest according to the principle of strong strength due to weak cutting, sparse due to dense cutting and large due to small cutting, wherein the bamboo forest is a bamboo forest of big and small years, adjusting the structure of the bamboo forest 11-3 months after the growth of bamboo shoots, keeping 220-250 mu of bamboo, keeping the canopy density of the bamboo forest between 0.75-0.85, keeping the neatness between 0.8, and keeping the ratio of 30% for 1-3 and 10% for 4. And (3) between 3 and 4 months, after the soil is unfrozen in spring beginning, transplanting the paris polyphylla seedling under the bamboo forest, wherein the planting density is 0.4 m multiplied by 0.4 m, and the seedling stem is protected from being broken because the seedling stem is fragile, and after planting, watering the seedling stem thoroughly to fix the root. After transplanting, field management and pest control are carried out, paris polyphylla is required to be loose in soil, intertillage weeding is carried out every year, weeding is carried out on the principle of 'removing early and removing little except', weeding is combined with shallow loosening of soil generally in the late 5 months to 7 th, meanwhile, moisture management is enhanced, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are carried out in time in rainy seasons; and (3) topdressing for 2 times, wherein the hole application amount of the novel biochar fertilizer is 0.6 t/mu for the first time within 3-4 months, (the content of N in the fertilizer is more than 6 percent, the content of P2O5 and K2O are respectively more than 3.0 percent, the content of organic matters is more than 65 percent, and the pH value is 5.8-6.0). In the 2 nd quick growth period of the Paris polyphylla, in the last ten days of 6 months, ditching and applying farmyard manure above the slope, wherein the application amount is 1.3 t/mu; and controlling the temperature and humidity within 8-9 months, cutting down fresh bamboo branches to shade the paris polyphylla, watering or sprinkling irrigation before 7 ℃ as early as 19. In the pest control of paris polyphylla, if paris polyphylla virus is found, removing a diseased plant, and using a 5% bacteria and virus aqua on a diseased hole or removing the diseased plant; if scarab beetle is found to be harmful, spraying 90% crystal dipterex 800-1000 times of liquid for 1 time every 5 days and continuously spraying for 3 times; if the root rot is found, spraying 80% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1200 times liquid and 50% carbendazim on the disease acupoint for 1 time every 10 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times. After about 5 years of cultivation, the tuber of Paris polyphylla is mature, after 10 months of seedling pouring, digging is carried out when the overground stem withers, and the tuber is kept complete; firstly cutting off stems and leaves, then digging from the side by using a hoe, digging out tubers, cutting off root tubers with buds, cultivating seedlings, cleaning the rest parts of the seedlings with soil, removing fibrous roots, slicing, drying in the sun or drying to be used as a medicine.
Example 2: selecting Ongchou city Quzhou city of Zhejiang Quzhou, yangtouzhen yellow mud mountain village as an implementation place, selecting a mountain slope with the altitude of 600-700m as a cultivation forest land, wherein the slope of the cultivation forest land is 20 degrees, the slightly acidic soil with good drainage and fertile viscosity is obtained, the thickness of a soil layer is 65-75cm, and removing weeds and miscellaneous shrubs in a bamboo forest land. The structure of the bamboo forest is adjusted according to the principles of strong strength after cutting, sparse after cutting and large after cutting, the bamboo forest is a flower-year bamboo forest, the mechanism of the flower-year bamboo forest is adjusted in winter every year, 196-230 mu of bamboos are reserved, the canopy density of the bamboo forest is 0.70-0.80, the regularity is more than 0.8, and the bamboo accounts for 25% in 1-4 degrees. And (3) between 3 and 4 months, after the soil is unfrozen in spring, transplanting the paris polyphylla seedling under the bamboo forest, wherein the planting density is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and the seedling stem is protected from being broken because the seedling stem is fragile, and after planting, watering the root fixing water thoroughly. Wherein the paris polyphylla seedling for transplanting is obtained by digging local healthy paris polyphylla roots without diseases and insect pests, cutting the roots into small sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm, spreading the small sections at a ventilated place for 12-24 hours, airing the surface moisture of the cut blocks, and then spreading plant ash on the surface of the cut; in the month of 2-3, selecting a gentle bamboo forest land with the gradient of 10-20 degrees, removing weeds and miscellaneous trees, flatly growing seedlings, making a planting ditch with the width of 1-1.4m and the depth of 0.3-0.8m in the seedling bed and the depth of 1-5cm in the length direction; placing the cut small rhizome blocks of the paris polyphylla in a breeding bed, covering with humus soil of 1-4 cm, and covering with a film; removing the film after 4-5 months, covering with straw, bamboo branches or leaves with thickness of 20-30cm, after seedling emergence, performing reinforced management, and transplanting in the next year. After transplanting, field management and pest control are carried out, paris polyphylla is required to be loose in soil, intertillage weeding is carried out every year, weeding is carried out on the principle of 'removing early and removing little except', weeding is combined with shallow loosening of soil generally in the late 5 months to 7 th, meanwhile, moisture management is enhanced, and drainage and waterlogging prevention are carried out in time in rainy seasons; and (3) topdressing for 2 times, wherein the first time is between 3 and 4 months, hole-dressing is carried out on the novel biochar fertilizer, the application amount is 0.8 t/mu, (the content of the fertilizer N is more than 6 percent, the content of P2O5 and K2O is respectively more than 3.0 percent, the content of organic matters is more than 65 percent, and the pH value is between 5.8 and 6.0). In the 2 nd quick growth period of the Paris polyphylla, in the last ten days of 6 months, ditching and applying farmyard manure above the slope, wherein the application amount is 1.5 t/mu; and controlling the temperature and humidity within 8-9 months, building a sunshade net for shading treatment, watering or sprinkling irrigation before the time from 19 to 2 days earlier than 7 ℃ in advance, reducing the temperature of the forest land, increasing the humidity, avoiding the occurrence of seedling falling of the paris polyphylla under the conditions of direct sunlight or drought, and prolonging the growth period by 1-2 months. In the pest control of paris polyphylla, if a paris polyphylla virus disease is found, removing a diseased plant, and using a 5% bacteria and virus aqua at a diseased hole or removing the diseased plant; if scarab is found to be harmful, spraying 90% crystal 800-1000 times of trichlorfon solution for 1 time every 5 days and continuously spraying for 3 times; if the root rot is found, spraying 80% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1200 times liquid and 50% carbendazim on the disease acupoint for 1 time every 10 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times. After about 5 years of cultivation, the tuber of Paris polyphylla is mature, after 10 months of seedling pouring, digging is carried out when the overground stem withers, and the tuber is kept complete; firstly cutting stem leaves, then excavating from the side by using a hoe, digging out tubers, cutting off root tubers with buds to culture seedlings, cleaning the rest parts of the seedlings with soil, removing fibrous roots, slicing, drying in the sun or drying in the oven, and using the seedlings as medicines.
Comparative example A: the current conventional planting method of paris polyphylla is adopted for planting, the yellow mud mountain head village in the Gaokou urban area of Quzhou city of Zhejiang river is selected as an implementation place, the mountain slope with the altitude of 600-700m is selected as a planting forest land, the shade-backed slow slope land with short sunlight or the flat land with loose texture is selected, and the night tide land, the gray foam soil and the humus land with strong water retention and water permeability are most ideal for planting. The rootstocks are planted, the rootstocks which are strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests are dug in autumn and winter and are placed in a shady and dry place for sand storage, the rootstocks are taken out in the next 4 months and in the middle ten days, the rootstocks are cut into small sections according to the characteristics of residual buds and bud marks with germination capacity, each section is provided with 1 bud mark, the small sections are properly dried and mixed with plant ash after being cut, the small sections are planted on a seedbed like sowing a sample strip, thin films are covered, the rootstocks are rooted for 15 to 20 days and grow buds, and the stocks are transplanted to fields in the middle and lower 5 months according to direct seeding specifications. And (3) rhizome propagation, namely cutting 3-5 sections of bud tips when harvesting, ditching and planting with the planting density of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, performing field management and pest control after transplanting, performing topdressing after seedling emergence in spring of the next year, and mainly using nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. After about 5 years of cultivation, the tuber of Paris polyphylla is mature, after 10 months of seedling pouring, digging is carried out when the overground stem withers, and the tuber is kept complete; firstly cutting off stems and leaves, then digging from the side by using a hoe, digging out tubers, cutting off root tubers with buds, cultivating seedlings, cleaning the rest parts of the seedlings with soil, removing fibrous roots, slicing, drying in the sun or drying to be used as a medicine.
The applicant analyzed the morphological shape of paris polyphylla in example 1, example 2 and the control during the 4 th year planting period, and the statistical data are shown in table 1:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example | |
| Plant height | 64.58cm | 71.9cm | 50.45cm |
| Thickness of the stem | 1.84cm | 2.12cm | 1.18cm |
| Length of leaf | 11cm | 13cm | 10cm |
| Ye Kuan | 3.31cm | 3.84cm | 3cm |
| Long petiole | 4.95cm | 5.12cm | 4.54cm |
| Long flower stalk | 14cm | 16cm | 11cm |
| Number of petals | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Petal width | 1.4mm | 1.5mm | 1.3mm |
| Stamen | 9 | 10 | 8 |
| The anther is long | 1.84cm | 1.98cm | 1.56cm |
TABLE 1
As is clear from the data in Table 1, the morphological shape of Paris polyphylla in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention is better than that of Paris polyphylla in comparative example, and the data of the seed reaction growth conditions such as plant height, stem thickness and leaf length and the data of the seed reaction medicinal value such as number of petals, petal width, stamen or anther length are all better, and the growth effect can be further improved by the method in example 2.
The applicant compared the stem blocks of the paris polyphylla seedlings propagated from the roots in example 2 and the comparative example, the stem block of example 2 is shown in fig. 1, the stem block of the comparative example is shown in fig. 2, and as is apparent from fig. 1-2, the stem block of the paris polyphylla seedling in example 2 of the present invention is stronger and better grown than the stem block in the comparative example, which shows that the paris polyphylla seedling can grow better according to the propagation method adopted in example 2 of the present invention.
After 5 years of propagation, the applicant analyzes the economic benefit of the paris polyphylla after harvesting the paris polyphylla:
in example 1, 1 ten thousand plants per mu of breeding seedlings are 15000 yuan, pesticide and chemical fertilizer are 700 yuan per mu per year, part of the breeding seedlings can adopt farmyard manure, shading facilities are constructed by manually adopting own moso bamboo forest materials, the material cost can be roughly ignored, and the main manual links are as follows: intertillage weeding fertilizer and water management is carried out for 50 days each year, pest control is carried out for 10 days, the daily work price is 100 yuan, the total labor cost is 30000 yuan within 5 years, the total cost for planting paris polyphylla for five years is =15000+700 × 5+30000=48500 yuan, and the average cost per mu per year is about 9700 yuan per mu. The paris polyphylla is planted for about five years, and the drug plants can be mature and come into the market together with rhizomes and drug seeds. The benefiting modes of the drug farmers include rhizomes, seedlings and drug seeds. The wild paris polyphylla is bred in the prior art, and the bred fresh goods are basically sold as seedlings. Considering the market price is further increased, the price of the fresh stock is about 200-250 yuan per kilogram and the price of the paris polyphylla seed is 2000-2500 yuan per kilogram at present. The yield per mu of the interplanted paris polyphylla in the embodiment 1 of the invention can reach about 1000 kilograms or more, the yield per mu of the medicine seeds is increased year by year, the yield per mu of the medicine plants about 5 years is about 75 kilograms, and according to the average price, the hair income of 1 mu of paris polyphylla planted in a planting farmer for 5 years is =225 x 1000+2250 x 75=393750 yuan, namely, the income per year is 78750 yuan, the cost is removed by 9700 yuan, and the average pure income per mu of land per year can reach 69050 yuan.
In the embodiment 2, the rootstocks are adopted to breed the seedlings, the rootstocks breeding cost can be reduced to 8000 yuan for 1 ten thousand plants, the pesticide and fertilizer can be 700 yuan per mu per year, part of farmyard manure can be adopted, shading facilities are constructed by manually adopting home Mao bamboo forest materials, the material cost can be roughly ignored, and the main manual links are as follows: intertillage weeding fertilizer and water management is carried out for 50 days each year, pest control is carried out for 10 days, the daily work price is 100 yuan, the total labor cost is 30000 yuan within 5 years, the total cost for planting paris polyphylla for five years is =8000+700 × 5+30000=41500 yuan, and the average cost per mu per year is about 8300 yuan per mu. The paris polyphylla is planted for about five years, and the drug plants can be mature and come into the market together with rhizomes and drug seeds. The benefiting modes of the pesticide farm include three kinds of rhizome, seedling and seed. The wild paris polyphylla is bred in the prior art, and the fresh goods bred at present are basically sold as seedlings. Considering the market price is further increased, the price of the fresh stock is about 200-250 yuan per kilogram and the price of the paris polyphylla seed is 2000-2500 yuan per kilogram at present. The yield per mu of the interplanted paris polyphylla in the embodiment 2 of the invention can reach about 1200 kilograms or more, the yield per mu of the medicine seeds is increased year by year, the yield per mu of the medicine plants about 5 years is about 80 kilograms, and according to the average price, the hair income of 1 mu of paris polyphylla planted in a farmer for 5 years is =225 x 1200+2250 x 80=450000 yuan, namely, 90000 yuan is income per year on average, the cost is removed, and the average pure income per mu of land per year can reach 81700 yuan on average.
In conclusion, the invention realizes the high-efficiency cultivation of interplanting paris polyphylla under a moso bamboo forest by adjusting and controlling the structure of the bamboo forest, controlling the density of the bamboo forest and field management and pest control. The method is simple, and the interplanting of the paris polyphylla can not only fully utilize the resources of the bamboo forest land and save labor cost, but also reduce the production cost and increase the yield; on the other hand, the invention can effectively reduce the harm of plant diseases and insect pests, the planted paris polyphylla has low heavy metal content and no pesticide residue, meets the national green Chinese medicinal material standard, can greatly meet the requirement of the Chinese medicinal material manufacturing industry, and has obvious economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method for interplanting paris polyphylla under a moso bamboo forest is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. selecting and cleaning bamboo forest lands: selecting a mountain slope with the altitude of 400-1000m as a cultivation forest land, removing weeds and miscellaneous shrubs in the bamboo forest land, and regularly adjusting the structure of the bamboo forest;
b. interplanting paris polyphylla: between 3 months and 4 months, after the soil is unfrozen in spring beginning, the paris polyphylla seedling is transplanted under the bamboo forest, the planting density is 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m, and after planting, root fixing water is thoroughly poured;
c. performing field management and pest control after transplanting;
d. harvesting paris polyphylla: after the tubers of the paris polyphylla are mature, digging and harvesting when seedlings are poured in 10-11 months and the overground stems wither;
in the step a, cultivating subacid soil with the slope of 15-30 degrees, good drainage and fertile viscosity, wherein the thickness of a soil layer is 50-90cm;
in the step a, the structure of the bamboo forest is adjusted according to the principles of strong cutting strength, sparse cutting density and large cutting size;
adjusting the structure of the bamboo forest in the big and small years 11-3 months after the growth of the bamboo shoots, and keeping 220-250 mu of bamboo, wherein the canopy density of the bamboo forest is 0.75-0.85, the uniformity is more than 0.8, the bamboo at 1-3 degrees accounts for 30% respectively, and the bamboo at 4 degrees accounts for 10%;
adjusting the structure of the bamboo forest in winter every year by using the flowering bamboo forest, and keeping 196-230 plants of bamboo, wherein the canopy density of the moso bamboo forest is 0.70-0.80, the regularity is more than 0.8, and the bamboo accounts for 25% in each 1-4 degree;
in the step c, field management of Paris polyphylla requires soil loosening, intertillage weeding is carried out every year, weeding is carried out on the principle of removing early and small weeds, weeding is combined to loosen shallow soil in the ten days from 5 months to 7 th, meanwhile, water management is enhanced, drainage is carried out in time in rainy seasons, and waterlogging is prevented; topdressing for 2 times, 3-4 months, and hole-applying biochar fertilizer with the application amount of 0.5-1 t/mu, wherein the content of N in the fertilizer is more than 6 percent, and P is 2 O 5 And K 2 The O content is more than 3.0 percent, the organic matter content is more than 65 percent, and the pH value is between 5.8 and 6.0; in the 2 nd quick growth period of Paris polyphylla, in the last ten days of 6 months, ditching and applying farmyard manure above the slope, wherein the application amount is 1-2 t/mu; and (3) cutting fresh bamboo branches to shade the paris polyphylla or building a shading net in 8-9 months, and simultaneously performing the following steps of: 00 to day 2 earlier by 7: watering or sprinkling irrigation is carried out before 00 hours, the temperature of the forest land is reduced, the humidity is increased, the phenomenon that the paris polyphylla is easy to fall seedlings under the condition of direct sunlight or drought is avoided, and the growth period is prolonged by 1-2 months;
in the step c, in the pest control of paris polyphylla, if a paris polyphylla virus disease is found, removing a diseased plant, and using a 5% bacteria-toxin water purifier on a disease acupoint or removing the diseased plant; if scarab is found to be harmful, spraying 90% crystal 800-1000 times of trichlorfon solution for 1 time every 5-7 days and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; if the root rot is found, spraying 80% thiophanate methyl wet powder 1200 times liquid and 50% carbendazim to the disease acupoint for 1 time every 10 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times;
in the step b, the method for obtaining the paris polyphylla seedlings for transplanting is to dig local healthy paris polyphylla roots without diseases and insect pests, cut the roots into small sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm, spread out and place the small sections in a ventilated place for 12-24 hours, dry the surface moisture of the cut blocks in the air, and then spread plant ash on the surfaces of the cuts; in the month of 2-3, selecting a gentle bamboo forest land with the gradient of 10-20 degrees, removing weeds and miscellaneous trees, flatly growing seedlings, making a planting ditch with the width of 1-1.4m and the depth of 0.3-0.5m in the seedling bed and the depth of 1-5cm in the length direction; placing the cut small rhizome blocks of paris polyphylla in a breeding bed, covering with humus soil of 1-4 cm, and covering with a film; removing the film after 4-5 months, covering with straw, bamboo branches or leaves with the thickness of 20-30cm, after seedling emergence, performing reinforced management, and using for transplanting and planting in the next year;
and d, cutting off stems and leaves during digging, then digging from the side by using a hoe, digging out tubers, cutting off root tubers with buds to culture seedlings, cleaning soil of the rest parts, removing fibrous roots, slicing, drying in the sun or drying in the oven to serve as the medicine.
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