CN104041299A - Two-step seedling culturing method for larches - Google Patents
Two-step seedling culturing method for larches Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-step seedling culturing method for larches. The method concretely includes the steps that the larches are directly seeded in a field for seedling culturing, and then annual larch seedlings are transplanted into containers for seedling culturing. The technology of direct-seeding seedling culturing in the field and the technology of seedling culturing in the containers are ingeniously combined together, mutual complementarity is achieved, resources are fully used, the afforestation time is shortened, the amount of used land is reduced, afforestation is not limited by seasons, and the survival rate and the reserving rate of afforestation are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and belongs to production of forestry technical field, relates to the afforestation technique of trees, is specifically related to a kind of larch two step seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Larch (
larix gmelini) be the deciduous tree of Pinaceae Larch, it has the advantages such as growth is fast, and trunk is perfectly straight, and joint is few, and material is tough and tensile, and texture is straight, and corrosion resistant is rotten, suitablely builds, the use such as electric pole, bridge, journey, sleeper, ore pillar, furniture, utensil and the xylem fibre raw material of industry.Larch is cold-resistant, happiness light, drought-resistant barren, adaptability to soil is stronger, the main forest that is the Alpine coniferous forests in China northeast, forest zone, the Inner Mongol and North China, southwest forms seeds, belongs to one of three large needle timber forest seeds, is the good seeds that fast-growing and high-yield plantation is built in mountain region.
Improving seedling quality and output, is the key technology of construction fast-growing and high-yield plantation.Larch is grown seedlings and adopts land for growing field crops high bed direct sowing and seedlings more at present, exposed root and shoot forestation, many forest workers are studied larch field seedling raising, and technology comparative maturity, as (< < Inner Mongol forestry science and technology > > the 2nd phases in 2013: the technical research of Larix principis-rupprechtii seedling high yield) select from garden such as Wang Zhibo, seed treatment, type of seeding and time, the several key links of tending management etc. in seedling stage are studied Larix principis-rupprechtii seedling growing process, sum up targetedly, workable Larix principis-rupprechtii fast growing seedling growing process, Ren Fengqin etc. (< < green science and technology > > 10 phases in 2013: Dahurian larch is grown seedlings and cuts root technology) describe Dahurian larch seed collecting, a series of technical measures of growing seedlings in detail and cut root technology.
Along with the propelling of afforestation engineering, treat planting site land occupation condition worse and worse at present, afforestation difficulty is increasing, the phenomenon of exposed root and shoot forestation ubiquity " afforestation loses woods every year ".The advantages such as container seedling forestation has survival rate and storage rate is high, the planting season is long, seedling-slowing stage is short, early stage, seedling growth was fast, can reach the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort.Han Qing etc. (< < Qinghai agriculture and forestry science and technology > > the 1st phase of calendar year 2001: Chinese pine and larch container nursery and Study on Container Seedling Planting Techniques) have carried out larch container seedling and exposed root and shoot forestation comparative trial, larch container seedling forestation survival rate is higher by 25.7% ~ 26.3% than exposed root and shoot forestation survival rate, survival rate [of plantation is high by 24.3% ~ 28%, and the significantly unslow seedling phenomenon of container seedling, afforestation initial stage sapling up-growth amount is higher than non-container seedling forestation.Therefore at afforestation survival rate and retention rate, be difficult to, in assurance situation, want to improve Afforestation Quality, be necessary to adopt container seedling forestation.Many people are studied larch container nursery technology in recent years, as Zhang Shoulian (< < forestry survey and design > > the 1st phase in 2014: larch container nursery culture technique), (< < Shaanxi agricultural science > > the 2nd phase in 2011: Larix principis-rupprechtii container nursery Preliminary exploration) such as Fan Yapeng, (< < gansu science and technology > > the 24th the 16th phase of volume in 2008: larch-tree container nursery technical research) such as Li Min, Zhang Qiang etc. (< < Beijing Agriculture > > in late December, 2011 print), but the happiness of Larch Seedling phase is cloudy, the growth of need to suitably sheltering from heat or light is better, (< < Inner Mongol forestry science and technology > > the 2nd phase in 2013: the technical research of Larix principis-rupprechtii seedling high yield) research is thought such as Wang Zhibo, larch tree seedling optimum density is every square metre of 500～600 strains, growth of seedling is best, output is the highest.
As can be seen here, current existing larch sowing in the field seedling-cultivating method unit are product seedling amount is high, save soil, but survival rate is low; The live seedling survival rate of container is high, but it is low to exist unit are product seedling amount, the problems such as waste soil.Find a kind of both can save soil consumption and improve the seedling-cultivating method of survival rate necessary.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome in prior art and in larchen seedling growing process, exists and waste soil and the low defect of survival rate, provide a kind of and can extend Afforestation Time, save land use amount, improve survival rate, afforestation is not subject to seasonal restrictions, a kind of larch two step seedling-cultivating method that nursery stock is strong.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Larch two step seedling-cultivating method, it specifically comprises the steps:
Step 1 larch sowing in the field is grown seedlings
(1) collection of seed: gather in time when green becomes yellowish-brown at Larch Cone, put after gathering to shine in the sun to cone cracking and deviate from seed, then remove airing after seed wing and impurity, make 8% ~ 9% of its moisture content, put into freezer and store;
(2) prepare in seedbed: at the beginning of by the end of March ~ 4 months, select on the sunny side, smooth, water the complete plot of drainage facility, do seedbed wholely, seedbed adopts high bed, doublely does drain ditch and the canal of pouring water;
(3) presprouting of seeds and sowing: sowing when the first tenday period of a month in late April ~ May, temperature reached 10 ~ 15 ℃, sow front 5 ~ 7d and carry out presprouting of seeds, first use liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 1.5 ~ 2h sterilization of 0.2% ~ 0.5%, use again 40 ~ 50 ℃ of water seed soakings, while being stirred to 20 ~ 30 ℃, place 24 ~ 30h, after pulling out, mix the clean thin river sand that equivalent particle diameter is less than 1mm, be placed on the leeward place facing south and carry out vernalization, keep moistening, when having 1/3 ~ 1/2 to split mouth and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, seed can sow, broadcast front 3～5d seedbed spray 1 time permeable, when semi-wet, sow, the method that employing is broadcasted sowing, seed is evenly sprinkled into bed surface, then with wood, roll back pressure 2 times, make seed and soil close contact, cover the fine sand that 0.5 ~ 1cm is thick, suppress again one time, then spray water immediately, every day, water spray kept bed surface moistening later, 10～15d is emerged,
(4) management: will keep bed surface moistening in seeding stage and growth of seedling initial stage; The fast-growing phase should be seen and dryly sees wetly, be watered and irrigate; Topdress and carry out in conjunction with watering, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, stop using nitrogenous fertilizer mid-August, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray, before July, will spray weekly 0.1% ferrous sulfate 1 time, between after seedling all sprouts, remove overstocked seedling, keep seedling to be uniformly distributed, spacing in the rows 3 ~ 4cm, final every square metre is stayed seedling 600 ~ 800 strains;
The annual Larch Seedling transplanting container that step 2 obtains step 1 method is grown seedlings
(5) preparation of Medium of Container Seedling: base starting material is selected from one or more of mushroom slag, cow dung or sewage mud, described base starting material, through becoming thoroughly decomposed fermentation, is crossed after 5mm sieve, coordinates rural area soil as Medium of Container Seedling, both;
(6) transplant: late March ~ April early and middle ten days, 1 year raw Larch Seedling is colonizated in the nutritive cube that seedling medium is housed, before transplanting first to seedling root relief, cut off long, injured, make its suitable length container culturing, after root relief, seedling root dips in root-inducing powder mud, then plants in container;
(7) transplant after management: after transplanting, water in time permeablely, interval 3 ~ 5d waters once again, reduce irrigation times later but must irrigate, with see dry see wet as degree;
(8) outplanting: container seedling goes out the front 7 ~ 10d in garden and stops watering, and while going out garden, Medium of Container Seedling moisture content is advisable with 60% ~ 80%.
Further, the formula of the middle Medium of Container Seedling of described step (5) is selected from any of following percent by volume:
A. 30% ~ 50% mushroom slag+50% ~ 70% rural area soil;
B. 25% mushroom slag+25% cow dung+50% rural area soil;
C. 20% ~ 30% sewage mud+70% ~ 80% rural area soil.
Further, the formula of the middle Medium of Container Seedling of described step (5) is selected from any of following volume ratio:
D. mushroom slag: rural area soil=4:6;
E. city sewage and sludge: rural area soil=2:8.
Further, the described high bed of step (2) is: the wide 100 ~ 120cm of bed surface, high 15cm, the long 20～30m of furrow, the wide 40cm of pavement between bed.
Further, the root-inducing powder mud in described step (6) is prepared in the following manner: with ABT6 root-inducing powder, every 5g is watered 15 ~ 20kg, adds fine earth, stirs into gruel sample mud.
In order to find the applicable larchen seedling-cultivating method that can improve afforestation survival rate and retention rate, present inventor has carried out a large amount of research work and trial, in this process surprised discovery from land for growing field crops to container the selection of transplanting time and the matrix of container nursery be even more important, inventor passes through deep observation and gropes, and has obtained the collaborative technical scheme that reaches net effect of each step of the present invention.
In the present invention, inventor finds that whether suitable the seed collecting phase is very large to the quality influence of seed, and after Larch Cone maturation, fruit scale is easily ftractureed, kind of grain is light, have wing, just very easily disperse in a short time, from maturation to the 15 ~ 20d that disperses, in order to guarantee the fine quality of seed, cone will be gathered in time when green becomes yellowish-brown.
In the present invention, 1 year raw Larch Seedling is colonizated in nutritive cube, before transplanting first to seedling root relief, cut off long, injured, make its suitable length container culturing, both can avoid damaging root system and infect, rot, can inspire more fibrous root again, and through testing suitable root relief, can make fibrous root quantity improve 40% left and right.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is:
Sowing in the field is grown seedlings in the present invention and container nursery technology combines dexterously, gets long to keep away shortly, makes full use of resource, has improved afforestation survival rate and retention rate.The general sowing in the field seedling method ratio of application in the present invention and current production, Larch Seedling growth is more healthy and stronger, root system is more flourishing, lateral root number is 1.2 ~ 1.5 times of sowing in the field seedling, and container seedling forestation is not subject to seasonal restrictions, unslow seedling after afforestation, survival rate improves 26% left and right, and storage rate also improves greatly; Compare with common container nursery technology, the soil of First Year minimizing 40% ~ 50% utilizes area, saved land resources, reduced management cost, and 1 year raw seedling of larch is healthy and strong compared with the live seedling of container, when Second Year is transplanted in container, seedling is carried out to root relief, can inspire how new fibrous root, improve afforestation effect, extend Afforestation Time.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
Grow seedlings 8 ~ September of autumn the previous year, at Larch Cone, when green becomes yellowish-brown, will gather in time.After gathering, put in the sun and be exposed to the sun, stir every day 3 ~ 4 times, during 5 ~ 7d cone cracking, beat gently seed is deviate from, then seed is packed into rubbing in bag and remove wing, the abundant airing of removal of contamination, makes 8% ~ 9% of its moisture content, puts into freezer and stores.
Grow seedlings First Year at the beginning of 4 months, select on the sunny side, smooth, water the complete plot of drainage facility, make bed wholely, seedbed adopts high bed, the wide 100 ~ 120cm of bed surface, high 15cm, the long 20～30m of furrow, the wide 40cm of pavement between bed, doublely does drain ditch and the canal of pouring water.Sow front 3～5d seedbed spray 1 time permeable, when semi-wet, sow.
The sowing when the first tenday period of a month in late April ~ May, temperature reached 10 ~ 15 ℃, sow front 5 ~ 7d and carry out presprouting of seeds, concrete germination accelerating method is: first with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 2h, sterilize, use again 40 ℃ of water seed soakings, while being stirred to 20 ~ 30 ℃, place 24h, after pulling out, be placed on the leeward place facing south and carry out vernalization, keep moistening, sowing when seed has 1/3 to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.The method that employing is broadcasted sowing, is evenly sprinkled into bed surface seed, then with wood, rolls back pressure 2 times, makes seed and soil close contact, cover the fine sand that 0.5cm is thick, then suppress one time, then spray water immediately, every day, water spray kept bed surface moistening later, and dry ground layer can not surpass Seed Layer, and 10～15d is emerged.
Between after seedling all sprouts, except overstocked seedling, keep seedling to be uniformly distributed, spacing in the rows 3 ~ 4cm.Seeding stage and growth of seedling initial stage want appropriate duty to water, and keep bed surface moistening; The fast-growing phase should be seen and dryly sees wetly, be watered and irrigate.Topdress and carry out in conjunction with watering, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main early stage, stops using nitrogenous fertilizer mid-August, sprays 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate one time.After emerging, to July, spray in time the medicaments such as 0.1% ferrous sulfate, carbendazim, control seedling damping off, damping off etc.Need to fill with early winter and freeze water, outplanting can be heeled in.
Grow seedlings Second Year at the beginning of by the end of March ~ 4 months, 1 year raw Larch Seedling is transplanted in nutritive cube.Before transplanting, first to seedling root relief, cut off long, damage root, make its suitable length container culturing, with ABT6 root-inducing powder, 5g is watered 15 ~ 20kg, adds fine earth to make mud and dips in root, then plants in the nutritive cube of 10cm * 15cm.The composite matrix of container nursery, according to the principle of gathering materials on the spot, is selected mushroom slag: rural area soil=4:6(volume ratio) as Medium of Container Seedling, all raw materials, through becoming thoroughly decomposed fermentation, are crossed 5mm sieve, mix.After transplanting, water in time permeablely, interval 3 ~ 5d waters once again, reduces irrigation times later but must irrigate.In vegetative period, weed out the rank grass in time, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.The control water before garden of afforesting out, Medium of Container Seedling moisture content 60% ~ 80% while going out garden.
Effect example 1
The seedling raising manners of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and traditional field seedling raising and the afforestation experiment result of container direct sowing and seedling are contrasted, specifically in Table 1.
As can be seen here, field seedling raising advantage is the growth that rational close planted is conducive to 1 year raw Larch Seedling, improves the seedling amount of producing, and saves soil and management cost, and shortcoming is that lateral root is few, and seedling quality is poor, and survival rate is low.Container nursery advantage is that lateral root is many, and seedling quality is higher, and survival rate is high, and shortcoming is to utilize the community superiority of 1 year raw rational close planted, and product seedling amount is low, and management cost is high.Sowing in the field is grown seedlings in the present invention and container nursery technology combines dexterously, gets long to keep away shortly, makes full use of resource, significantly improves seedling quality and survival rate.
Effect example 2
The volume ratio that Medium of Container Seedling in embodiment 1 is replaced to respectively to city sewage and sludge and rural area soil is that 2:8 (embodiment 2), mushroom slag and cow dung and rural area soil three volume ratio are 1:1:2(embodiment 3), rural area soil (comparative example 1), farmyard manure and rural area soil volume ratio 1:3(comparative example 2), other conditions are constant, carry out respectively seedling growth test, survival rate to embodiment 1 ~ 3 and comparative example 1 ~ 2 compares, specifically in Table 2.
This shows, the growth indexes such as the height of seedling of different seedling medium container seedlings, leading thread, lateral root number are different, and survival rate is also had to certain influence.
The above embodiment is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not the exhaustive of the feasible enforcement of the present invention.For persons skilled in the art, any apparent change of under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the principle of the invention and spirit, it having been done, within all should being contemplated as falling with claim protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. larch two step seedling-cultivating method, its feature exists: it specifically comprises the steps:
Step 1 larch sowing in the field is grown seedlings
(1) collection of seed: gather in time when green becomes yellowish-brown at Larch Cone, put after gathering to shine in the sun to cone cracking and deviate from seed, then remove airing after seed wing and impurity, make 8% ~ 9% of its moisture content, put into freezer and store;
(2) prepare in seedbed: at the beginning of by the end of March ~ 4 months, select on the sunny side, smooth, water the complete plot of drainage facility, do seedbed wholely, seedbed adopts high bed, doublely does drain ditch and the canal of pouring water;
(3) presprouting of seeds and sowing: sowing when the first tenday period of a month in late April ~ May, temperature reached 10 ~ 15 ℃, sow front 5 ~ 7d and carry out presprouting of seeds, first use liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 1.5 ~ 2h sterilization of 0.2% ~ 0.5%, use again 40 ~ 50 ℃ of water seed soakings, while being stirred to 20 ~ 30 ℃, place 24 ~ 30h, after pulling out, mix the clean thin river sand that equivalent particle diameter is less than 1mm, be placed on the leeward place facing south and carry out vernalization, keep moistening, when having 1/3 ~ 1/2 to split mouth and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, seed can sow, broadcast front 3～5d seedbed spray 1 time permeable, when semi-wet, sow, the method that employing is broadcasted sowing, seed is evenly sprinkled into bed surface, then with wood, roll back pressure 2 times, make seed and soil close contact, cover the fine sand that 0.5 ~ 1cm is thick, suppress again one time, then spray water immediately, every day, water spray kept bed surface moistening later, 10～15d is emerged,
(4) management: will keep bed surface moistening in seeding stage and growth of seedling initial stage; The fast-growing phase should be seen and dryly sees wetly, be watered and irrigate; Topdress and carry out in conjunction with watering, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, stop using nitrogenous fertilizer mid-August, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray, before July, will spray weekly 0.1% ferrous sulfate 1 time, between after seedling all sprouts, remove overstocked seedling, keep seedling to be uniformly distributed, spacing in the rows 3 ~ 4cm, final every square metre is stayed seedling 600 ~ 800 strains;
The annual Larch Seedling transplanting container that step 2 obtains step 1 method is grown seedlings
(5) preparation of Medium of Container Seedling: base starting material is selected from one or more of mushroom slag, cow dung or sewage mud, described base starting material, through becoming thoroughly decomposed fermentation, is crossed after 5mm sieve, coordinates rural area soil as Medium of Container Seedling, both;
(6) transplant: late March ~ April early and middle ten days, 1 year raw Larch Seedling is colonizated in the nutritive cube that seedling medium is housed, before transplanting first to seedling root relief, cut off long, injured, make its suitable length container culturing, after root relief, seedling root dips in root-inducing powder mud, then plants in container;
(7) transplant after management: after transplanting, water in time permeablely, interval 3 ~ 5d waters once again, reduce irrigation times later but must irrigate, with see dry see wet as degree;
(8) outplanting: container seedling goes out the front 7 ~ 10d in garden and stops watering, and while going out garden, Medium of Container Seedling moisture content is advisable with 60% ~ 80%.
2. a kind of larch two step seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (5), the formula of Medium of Container Seedling is selected from any of following percent by volume:
A. 30% ~ 50% mushroom slag+50% ~ 70% rural area soil;
B.25% mushroom slag+25% cow dung+50% rural area soil;
C.20% ~ 30% sewage mud+70% ~ 80% rural area soil.
3. a kind of larch two step seedling-cultivating method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step (5), the formula of Medium of Container Seedling is selected from any of following volume ratio:
D. mushroom slag: rural area soil=4:6;
E. city sewage and sludge: rural area soil=2:8.
4. a kind of larch two step seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the high bed of described step (2) is: the wide 100 ~ 120cm of bed surface, high 15cm, the long 20～30m of furrow, the wide 40cm of pavement between bed.
5. a kind of larch two step seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the root-inducing powder mud in described step (6) is prepared in the following manner: with ABT6 root-inducing powder, every 5g is watered 15 ~ 20kg, add fine earth, stir into gruel sample mud.
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| CN104429510A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Seedling cultivating method for larches |
| CN104488627A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Tending management method for larches |
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| CN106069671A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 青岛农业大学 | Be suitable to two sections of substrate cultivating methods of fruit tree hybrid Seedling of greenhouse second crop soil |
| CN106069671B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2019-04-02 | 青岛农业大学 | Two sections of matrix cultivating methods of fruit tree hybrid seedling suitable for greenhouse second crop soil |
| CN106617152A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 辽宁省林业科学研究院 | Method of effectively obtaining Pinus banksiana Lamb seed |
| CN106577006A (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet persimmon container seedling raising matrix and method |
| CN108293557A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-07-20 | 陕西三木城市生态发展有限公司 | A kind of method of seedling-wood breeding extraneous root |
| CN111788977A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-20 | 南京林业大学 | Planting method for increasing survival rate of cryptomeria fortunei seedlings |
| CN111788977B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-03-29 | 南京林业大学 | Planting method for increasing survival rate of cryptomeria fortunei seedlings |
| CN115104473A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-27 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Sowing and seedling raising method for hybrid Mexico larch |
| CN115136767A (en) * | 2022-07-09 | 2022-10-04 | 大兴安岭地区农业林业科学研究院 | Germination accelerating method for pinus pumila seeds |
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