CN103283476A - Slow release fertilizer seedling culture method for Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings - Google Patents
Slow release fertilizer seedling culture method for Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN103283476A CN103283476A CN2013102760940A CN201310276094A CN103283476A CN 103283476 A CN103283476 A CN 103283476A CN 2013102760940 A CN2013102760940 A CN 2013102760940A CN 201310276094 A CN201310276094 A CN 201310276094A CN 103283476 A CN103283476 A CN 103283476A
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Abstract
The invention mainly relates to a slow release fertilizer seedling culture method for Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings, and belongs to the fertilization technique of forest container seedlings. At present, Chinese forest container seedling culture mostly adopts fertilization with irrigation water, large quantities of manpower, material resources and water resources are consumed, nutrients unused by the seedlings run away along with drained water, and environments are easily polluted. By the method, slow release fertilizers are uniformly mixed into a matrix once and placed into a container, bottom filtration irrigation culture is performed from sprouting of the Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings, the proportion of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in the slow release fertilizers 13:13:13, and the total nitrogen application rate is 100mg per plant. A one-year-old Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling is as high as 13.0cm, the ground diameter of the one-year-old Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling is 2.7mm, the height and the ground diameter of the one-year-old Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling are increased by 30.3% and 33% respectively as compared with those of a one-year-old Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling stipulated by the national industry standard 'container seedling culture technique' LY1000-91, and the proportion of qualified seedlings reaches 95% and is higher than 90% required by the national industry standard. By the container seedling culture method, the comprehensive benefits of saving fertilizers, protecting environments and saving labor can be achieved, and application prospect is wide.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling-cultivating method of container seedling, be specifically related to a kind of Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling slow-release fertilizer seedling growing process.
Two, background technology
It is a basic work of China's Development of Forestry Industry and improvement of the ecological environment that forest plantation is built.At present the second-rate on the spot transfer of China's afforestation emphasis forward will guarantee on the spot afforestation effect of difficulty, just needs emphasis to cultivate the difficulty stronger nursery stock of adaptive faculty on the spot.Container seedling is considered to be the on the spot first-selection of afforestation of difficulty always, compares with bareroot seedling, and root system shorter, the no seedling-slowing stage in afforestation back of subject to damage, growing-seedling period not can effectively improve survival rate and storage rate during the container seedling lifting, makes expense thereby reduce the after-culture benefit.And container seedling is convenient to factory culturing, uses very extensive in Modern Forestry is produced.
Container nursery is a kind of seedling raising manners that carries out cultivating seedlings in the container of matrix is housed.Because it is less that matrix itself can offer the nutrition of nursery stock, the required nutrient of nursery stock mainly depends on artificial interpolation.Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer (Slow/controlled release fertilizers, CRFs) be in conjunction with modern plants nutrition and fertilization theory, consider the plant nutrition demand rule, delay or control release period and the burst size of fertilizer in soil, its nutrient release mode and plant nutrient are absorbed coordinate mutually or synchronous new-type fertilizer.In recent years, not only slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer efficient but also that can reduce environmental pollution keeps development speed faster in agriculture developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, Israel and West Europe.File of central authorities in 2007 is all listed slow/controlled release fertilizer in new-type fertilizer with " national medium-term and long-term scientific development outline (2005-2020) " and is given priority to content.The NPK nutrition-allocated proportion of slow-release fertilizer is the emphasis of fertilizer practice, directly has influence on nursery stock to nutrient absorbing and accumulative effect, thereby seedling quality is produced material impact.
Larix principis-rupprechtii (Larix principis-rupprechtii) is one of China's main reproducting tree species in North China, and arranged development prospect widely.China's forestry cultivation of container seedling adopts with the water fertilizer practice more at present, in seedling raising process, fertilizer is dissolved in the water, imposes in the container several times.The a large amount of human and material resources of this method consumption and water resource, simultaneously the nutrient that utilizes without nursery stock also easily causes environmental pollution with water loss, as nitrogen leaching amount up to 50kg/hm
2Adopt the slow-release fertilizer technology to cultivate the Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling, can reach joint fertilizer, environmental protection and saving of labor's comprehensive benefit, can reduce by 55% nutrient leaching amount, reduce the nursery stock production cost, large-scale industrialized the growing seedlings of being more convenient for can be adopted by China nursery at all levels, has a extensive future.
Applying fertilizers scientifically is the key factor that improves seedling quality and reduce the production cost of growing seedlings.Reasonably nitrogen, phosphorus, potassic fertilizer collocation can promote nursery stock height of seedling, leading thread and root growth, increase the nursery stock biomass accumulation.And do not see any report so far about the NPK proportioning problem of Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling slow-release fertilizer, therefore, the best fertilising proportioning of studying and determining China Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling slow-release fertilizer NPK has realistic meaning.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling slow-release fertilizer seedling-cultivating method, determine the best slow-release fertilizer NPK of Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling proportioning, solved the environmental pollution that caused by the fertilizer leaching in the Larix principis-rupprechtii container nursery process and the waste problem of human and material resources.
1 year living container seedling slow-release fertilizer fertilising seedling growing process of Larix principis-rupprechtii is characterized in that:
(1) adopt the slow-release fertilizer fertilizing method, the ratio of slow-release fertilizer NPK is 13: 13: 13;
(2) selecting the release period of slow-release fertilizer for use is 150-180 days;
(3) the slow-release fertilizer fertilizing constant of Cai Yonging, amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristic are: adopt the slow-release fertilizer method to cultivate the Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling, once admix slow-release fertilizer in the matrix, mix the container of packing into, beginning to carry out the bottom infiltrating irrigation from the Larix principis-rupprechtii germination cultivates, wherein the ratio of slow-release fertilizer NPK is 13: 13: 13, and adding up to amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.Living Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling height of seedling was 13.0cm in 1 year, leading thread is 2.7mm, height of seedling, leading thread increase by 30.3%, 33% respectively than height of seedling, the leading thread of 1 year living Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling of stipulating among national sector standard " container nursery technology " LY1000-91, qualified seedling proportion reaches 95%, is higher than 90% requirement of this standard code.
The present invention determines the best fertilising proportioning of China Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling slow-release fertilizer NPK with the standardization test method, the environmental pollution that caused by the fertilizer leaching in the Larix principis-rupprechtii container nursery process and the waste problem of human and material resources have fundamentally been solved, effectively overcome nitrogen loss in the fertilising process, raising fertilizer utilization efficiency, equilibrium efficiently provide plant nutrition; Avoid taking place the injury to seed or seedling that causes owing to excessive fertilization; Production unit can calculate the slow-release fertilizer amount of application according to the amount of growing seedlings, mix thoroughly with matrix when growing seedlings and get final product, slow-release fertilizer is its available nutrient slow release after applying matrix, being decomposed into nursery stock gradually absorbs, can satisfy the nursery stock different times to nutrient demand, reduce fertilising operation number of times, save labour and expense, reduce seedling cost.Can be adopted by China nursery at all levels, have a extensive future.
Four, embodiment
(1) the slow-release fertilizer standardization is grown seedlings
1) seed treatment: sowing the last week the Larix principis-rupprechtii seed is soaked 2h with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, pull the back out and wash 3 times with clear water, and then with about 50 ℃ emerge in worm water, the water surface will exceed more than the seed 10cm.Next day, pull empty grain out and flat seed discards from the water surface.Seed in the water is pulled out, spread out on pallet, and cover wet gauze, place vernalization in the incubator about 20 ℃.In the vernalization process, every 1-2 days seed is stirred up and down, and the trickle maintenance to be moistening, germination time was about for 1 week.
2) container for plant growth: the selection back cut diameter is that 3.8cm, the degree of depth are the plastic containers of 21cm, evenly the distribute root of leading of 4 projectioies of inner surface of container, and container bottom has 4 apertures to be beneficial to draining and air root relief.
3) matrix preparation and sterilization: sow the last week, peat is mixed according to 3: 1 (V/V) ratios with vermiculite, every cubic metre adds ferrous sulfate 25kg, and the moistening matrix of watering while turning after fully being mixed, covers 24h with Polypropylence Sheet.
4) slow-release fertilizer is prepared: the slow-release fertilizer fertilizing constant of employing, and slow-release fertilizer NPK ratio is 13: 13: 13, and release period is 150-180 days, and amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.The total amount of calculating required slow-release fertilizer according to the strain number of growing seedlings also weighs up in advance, and slow-release fertilizer is once admixed in the matrix, mixes.
5) dress cup: the matrix after will mixing is packed in the container, and the compacting while loading is placed in wire rope net surface then and grows seedlings on the bed.Before the sowing 3-5 days, water to water and can ooze out from container bottom.
6) sowing: in early spring, can sow when having 1/3rd seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally approximately.Seed through vernalization in the pallet is divided in the culture dish, pricks out duck eye dark about 1.0cm with bamboo let in matrix central authorities, put into 3-6 grain seed, cover seed with duck eye periphery matrix, cladding thickness is strict controlled in 0.5-0.8cm.
7) broadcast the back management: 1 month laggard seedling in the ranks of emerging, every container keeps the nursery stock of 1 strain stalwartness.After planting, kept ground moistening until emerging every 2 days with the sprayer water spray; Repeatedly pour water in right amount in the Larix principis-rupprechtii seedling phase; The speed phase of giving birth to pours water in a large number, and irrigation frequency is reduced to 1 time weekly; The control of growth later stage is poured water, and irrigates 1 time in per 10 days.Prevent and treat disease with 600 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, begin to carry out 1 time totally 7 times per 2 weeks from the seedling phase.Artificial weeding carries out when matrix is moistening, and grass is extracted with root, and prevents loosening shoot root.
8) go out the garden and heel in: autumn end moves to outdoor heeling in nursery stock and survives the winter from the greenhouse.When heeling in, a ditch vertical with prevailing wind direction is dug in well in the shade, the leeward place of gather water, and trench depth is 12cm, and the container seedling block pattern row pattern in ditch, is sprinkled into the thick table soil of 2cm, makes it to maintain an equal level with the face of land.It is saturated to matrix to pour water.
9) seedling quality observation: nursery stock is destroyed sampling.Autumn end, each handles picked at random 40 young plant wood, and water carefully rinses out the matrix around the root system, and with distilled water rinse 2 times, measures its height of seedling, leading thread; Then with this 40 young plant wood at random per 8 strains be merged into 1 group, be divided into into 5 groups.Every group of nursery stock cut off by root, stem, leaf, is respectively charged into envelope to form biased sample, takes back laboratory and dry by the fire 48h in 70 ℃ of baking ovens, measures root, stem, leaf biomass respectively; Again the 2mm sieve is pulverized, crossed to root, stem, leaf, use H
2SO
4-H
2O
2Method disappears and boils, and (UDK-152, Velp Scientifica USA), measure root, stem, leaf nitrogen concentration to utilize full-automatic azotometer; Every group of root nitrogen content multiply by the root nitrogen concentration for the root biomass, the stem nitrogen content multiply by the stem nitrogen concentration for the stem biomass, the leaf nitrogen content multiply by the leaf nitrogen concentration for the leaf biomass, every group of total biomass is root, stem, leaf biomass sum, every group of nitrogen content is root nitrogen content, stem nitrogen content, leaf nitrogen content sum, and every group of nitrogen concentration is that every group of nitrogen content organized biomass divided by this.Utilize spectrophotometric determination root, stem, leaf phosphorus concentration; The concrete same nitrogen of computational methods.Utilize flame spectrophotometer measuring root, stem, leaf potassium concn; The concrete same nitrogen of computational methods.
(2) slow-release fertilizer tupe
Adopt four kinds of fertilizer NPK proportionings, form four fertilizer treatment patterns (table 1).
1) tupe 1
Slow-release fertilizer NPK ratio is 13: 13: 13, and release period is 150-180 days, and amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.April 25 sowing, all the other measures are all with the above slow-release fertilizer standardization measure of growing seedlings.
2) tupe 2
The ratio of water-soluble fertilizer (CK) NPK is 10: 6: 6, carries out with the water fertilising in 30th from May 17 to August, and is weekly; The fertilizing constant that adopts, amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.Other measure is with processing pattern 1.
3) tupe 3
Slow-release fertilizer NPK ratio is 18: 10: 12, and release period is 150-180 days, and amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.Other measure is with processing pattern 1.
4) tupe 4
Slow-release fertilizer NPK ratio is 15: 5: 15, and release period is 150-180 days, and amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.Other measure is with processing pattern 1.
The total fertilizing amount of table 1 different disposal pattern NPK
| Tupe | N (mg/ strain) | P 2O 5(mg/ strain) | K 2O (mg/ strain) |
| 1 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 | 60 | 60 |
| 3 | 100 | 55.6 | 66.7 |
| 4 | 100 | 33.3 | 100 |
The contrast of four kinds of fertilizer treatment patterns of table 2 Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling seedling quality
Annotate: 1) qualified seedling percentage is the percentage that the strain number that reaches GB container nursery technology LY1000-91 required standard accounts for sampling strain number.
2) use SPASS18.0 software, utilize ANOVA to carry out data analysis, multiple ratio adopts the Duncan method.
3) vertical identical lowercase is illustrated on 0.05 level not remarkable in the table.
Can get according to table 2 analysis-by-synthesis, it is maximum that the nursery stock biomass of tupe 1 of the present invention and nitrogen content all reach, be respectively 0.54g/ strain, 13.79mg/ strain, the ratio that namely adopts slow-release fertilizer NPK is 13: 13: 13, release period is 150-180 days, and amount of nitrogen is that the tupe of 100mg/ strain is Larix principis-rupprechtii living container seedling optimization process then.
The average height of seedling of this processing Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling is 13.0cm, leading thread is 2.7mm, and height of seedling, leading thread increase by 30.3%, 33% respectively than height of seedling, the leading thread of 1 year living Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling of stipulating among People's Republic of China's industry standard " container nursery technology " LY1000-91; Qualified seedling proportion is 95%, is higher than 90% requirement of this GB regulation.
Claims (1)
1. Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedling slow-release fertilizer seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that:
(1) adopt the slow-release fertilizer fertilizing method, the ratio of slow-release fertilizer NPK is 13: 13: 13;
(2) selecting the release period of slow-release fertilizer for use is 150-180 days;
(3) the slow-release fertilizer fertilizing constant of Cai Yonging, amount of nitrogen is the 100mg/ strain.
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| CN104041299A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-17 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Two-step seedling culturing method for larches |
| CN104488627A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Tending management method for larches |
| CN105075721A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-11-25 | 北京林业大学 | Water and fertilizer saving cultivation method for Chinese pine container seedlings |
| CN105294238A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-03 | 北京林业大学 | Compound substrate formula beneficial to growth and nutrient accumulation of larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings |
| CN107056447A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-18 | 芜湖绿艺园林工程有限公司 | A kind of root system growth-promoting afforestation seedling medium and preparation method |
| CN110122298A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The method that the fining of masson pine container seedling is cultivated |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103651035A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-03-26 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Container seed seedling culturing method of Italian club moss |
| CN103651035B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-03 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Container seed seedling culturing method of Italian club moss |
| CN104041299A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-17 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Two-step seedling culturing method for larches |
| CN104041299B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2017-02-22 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Two-step seedling culturing method for larches |
| CN104488627A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Tending management method for larches |
| CN105075721A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-11-25 | 北京林业大学 | Water and fertilizer saving cultivation method for Chinese pine container seedlings |
| CN105294238A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-03 | 北京林业大学 | Compound substrate formula beneficial to growth and nutrient accumulation of larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings |
| CN107056447A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-18 | 芜湖绿艺园林工程有限公司 | A kind of root system growth-promoting afforestation seedling medium and preparation method |
| CN110122298A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The method that the fining of masson pine container seedling is cultivated |
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Application publication date: 20130911 |