CN103651035A - Container seed seedling culturing method of Italian club moss - Google Patents
Container seed seedling culturing method of Italian club moss Download PDFInfo
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- CN103651035A CN103651035A CN201310669119.3A CN201310669119A CN103651035A CN 103651035 A CN103651035 A CN 103651035A CN 201310669119 A CN201310669119 A CN 201310669119A CN 103651035 A CN103651035 A CN 103651035A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a container seed seedling culturing method of Italian club moss. The container seed seedling culturing method includes the steps of seed introducing, seed processing, soil configuration, nutrition pot selection, seeding time implementation, seeding method implementation and seedling culturing period management. The container seed seedling culturing method solves the technical problem that a mature container seed seedling culturing method of the Italian club moss does not exist currently and establishes a foundation on successful seed introducing of the Italian club moss in the northwest desert zones in China. The method is adopted in field and greenhouse seedling culturing experiments, the seedling protection rate can reach 78-92%, and the height of a seedling is 10-22cm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to introduce the good economic plants seed seedling-raising technical field of checking winds and fixing drifting sand abroad, particularly evergreen species Italy lycopod seed seedling-raising method.
Background technology
The husky district's sandstorm of NORTHWEST CHINA frequently occurs, and desertification of land is serious, and natural conditions are severe, water resources shortage.In recent years, destruction due to water conservation forest, the reasons such as irrational utilization of the increase of urban population and the develop rapidly of industrial or agricultural and water and soil resources, to such an extent as to a large amount of artificial vegetations and original natural vegetation suffer serious destruction, the desertification in the husky district of NORTHWEST CHINA the is presented trend of " local take a turn for the better, whole deterioration ".In order to contain better the desertification impetus, screening drought resisting, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, barren-resistant, like sunny, well developed root system, growth rapidly, preferably has economic worth, can become at the evergreen species of checking winds and fixing drifting sand of the good growth of sand ground the fresh target of current Desert Regions fine tree species selection.
Italy lycopod (
pinus pineal.) be a kind of aiphyllium, be under the jurisdiction of Pinaceae (chenopodiaceace), Pinus (pinea); Originate in Mediterranean, be distributed in southern Europe, north African and Mediterranean northern.Plant height 12～20m, part can reach 25m; Tree-like grace, is commonly used for ornamental tree species, is called as " Christmas tree ".Italy lycopod has following characteristics: (1) strong stress resistance, can stand heat and severe cold, normal growth under 40 ℃～-23 ℃ temperature; (2) barren-resistant: soil is required not tight, illumination abundance, draining is good, nutrition is barren sand ground are born in happiness; (3) well developed root system, 1 age seedling root system be 20～40cm; (4) fast growth, 1～2 age seedling height can reach 30～40cm, be equivalent to the height of seedling in China pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and 4～5 ages of Chinese pine; (5) four seasons are evergreen, the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is strong and tool ornamental value; (6) seed is edible, is of high nutritive value.
As can be seen here: Italian lycopod meets the current plant new material screening requirement of checking winds and fixing drifting sand in the husky district of NORTHWEST CHINA.Italy lycopod mainly carries out individual reproduction in the mode of seminal propagation.So seed seedling-raising is exactly one of tame key technology of Italian lycopod.
Italy lycopod is the seeds that are grown in European Region, and the history that there is no introduction and cultivation in China, therefore, there is no ripe seed seedling-raising method at present.Our unit is under the subsidy of the State Administration of Forestry's 948 projects " Italian lycopod germ plasm resource and cultivation technology transfer thereof ", the mode combining by laboratory experiment and field test, explored a kind of method of Italian lycopod container seed seedling-raising, for Italian lycopod is laid a good foundation in China's successful introduction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Italian lycopod container seed seedling-raising method, so that this good plant of amount reproduction, thereby the ecological environmental protection in Wei Sha district and economic development provide science and technology support.
In order to realize described object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows, an Italian lycopod seed receptacle seedling-cultivating method, comprises seed introduction and seed treatment, soil configuration and nutritive cube selection, sowing time and type of seeding, nursery stage management and the statistics of emerging, and concrete steps comprise:
1. seed is introduced and seed treatment
1.1 seeds are introduced
By the mode of buying, through customs quarantine control, from the external introduction Italian lycopod seed of mature and plump then;
1.2 seed treatment
1.2.1 seed room storage: Italian lycopod seed is contained in cotton bag and is stored, and storage period avoids sootiness, the plague of rats, insect pest and water wet etc.; 13～30 ℃ of storage room temperatures, relative moisture <30%; Italy's lycopod seed is contained in cotton bag ventilative, can not hermetically storing;
1.2.2 seed disinfection: need prior to seeding to carry out seed disinfection processing; Seed disinfection processing method is seed to be inserted to the HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
2in solution, soak 15min and take out, with distilled water, repeatedly rinse 3～5 times, wash away the residual HgCl of the surface of the seed
2solution;
1.2.3 presprouting of seeds
According to external data, there is dormancy in Italian lycopod seed germination, so, before sowing, to carry out vernalization processing, this method adopts the husky germination hastening method of hiding in cellar, specific as follows:
Sterile seed was placed in cellar November or the December of sowing the previous year, moistening sand at the ground surface bedding 20cm of cellar thickness, the seed that will sow next year is laid on sand, the moistening sand of the surface of the seed cladding thickness 20～30cm, then with Nylon Bag or straw screen or mat, cover and reach the ventilative object of moisturizing, 5～25 ℃ of moistening sand temperature, water content 4.5～6.8%; In the winter time the fine date, open the ventilative sunlight of accepting of ground entrance of cellar noon; During presprouting of seeds, keep 5～25 ℃ of sand temperature, water content 4.5～6.8%; To Second Year late April or late June, seed germination rate can reach more than 95.00%, and the seed that bud length is surpassed to 2mm takes out, in order to sowing; Cellar specification: degree of depth 5m, area: 4m * 6m, ground entrance of cellar 1m * 1.5m; Sand particle diameter: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%;
2. the selection of soil configuration and nutritive cube
2.1 soil configurations: " upper husky lower sticky type " principle is taked in the configuration of soil; Be the sand that the larger good permeability of particle diameter is selected on upper strata, sand particle diameter is: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%; Nutritious loosening the soil selected by lower floor, and loosening the soil is that the age of tree is the soil of 25 years pinus sylvestris var. mongolica root 0～50cm; Although Italy's lycopod happiness is born on the sand of good air permeability, the object of growing seedlings is to cultivate strong sprout, so that have high survival rate after cultivation, so the principle of " upper husky lower sticky type " is taked in the configuration of soil;
2.2 soil disinfections: adopt ferrous sulfate sterilization; According to loosening the soil: the ratio that ferrous sulfate is 5:1 mixes both, the sieve of the aperture 1mm mixture that must loosen the soil for grind up powder; According to sand: the ratio that ferrous sulfate is 5:1 mixes both, and grind up powder obtains sand mixture by the sieve of aperture 1mm; When dress soil is with after planting, water the permeable object that reaches sterilization;
The selection of 2.3 nutritive cubes and dress soil
Before dress soil, at nutritive cube bottom pad one deck newspaper, in case then leak-stopping soil or leak be contained in the mixture that loosens the soil the bottom of nutritive cube, until from nutritive cube upper surface 5cm, then lay the sand mixture of 3cm thickness on the mixture that loosens the soil; Be nutritive cube lower floor for loosening the soil, upper strata is the sand of 2～3cm thickness, sows waiting; For Italian lycopod, seed is larger, fast growth, and the general nutritive cube of larger specification that adopts is advisable, and then guarantees that the growth of seedling later stage can not lack fertilizer;
3. sowing time and type of seeding:
3.1 sowing time: Italian lycopod is evergreen species, as long as being applicable to seed germination, soil temperature all can sow, the preference temperature of seed germination is 18～22 ℃, in In Minqin Region, in late April, extremely all can sow by the end of June;
3.2 types of seeding: by the seed bud of having urged bud towards upper seeding wheel on nutritive cube sand mixture, cover the sand of 2cm thickness above, sand particle diameter: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%; Employing is nursed young plants in hothouses or grow seedlings in field; Nursing young plants in hothouses is that nutritive cube is placed on the seedling culture frame of seedling cultivation greenhouse, then waters, then at top, greenhouse covered with sunshade net; Growing seedlings in field is nutritive cube to be placed in advance to ready-made field grow seedlings in hole, and nutritive cube fills up soil, compacting around, then waters, and builds sunshade net; Water the water yield as long as keep nutritive cube drenched;
4. seedling management
4.1 weedings: start weeding for the first time after all sprouting at the left and right of 40d after planting, seedling; About height of seedling 4～7cm; After planting 80d left and right weeding for the second time, approximately height of seedling 6～13cm; After planting 150d left and right weeding for the third time, approximately height of seedling 10～21cm; Weeding is cut off from root, especially in weeding for the first time, must guard against injury seedlings root; Seedling height and sowing time and the environmental condition of growing seedlings have substantial connection; Nurse young plants in hothouses than the field height of growing seedlings;
4.2 water managements: water management is the key technology of Italian lycopod seed seedling-raising; Before height of seedling 6cm, take the principle of " on a small quantity repeatedly ", keep Shamian Island moistening, do not occur that nutritive cube ponding is advisable, the mode of watering is water spray; Seedling height is greater than after 6cm, for field, grows seedlings, and reduce the number of times watering, and increases and waters the water yield, can take the mode of broad irrigation, within 2～3 days, waters 1 time; For nursing young plants in hothouses, still adopt the mode of watering of water spray, not occur that Shamian Island becomes dry, be advisable; The time of watering is generally in the morning of cloudy day or fine day or the dusk of fine day; Nurse young plants in hothouses because evaporation is little, air humidity is large, so few than field of the number of times that waters of nursing young plants in hothouses waters the water yield and also will lack;
4.3 prevention of damage by diseases: for Italian lycopod, the disease the most easily occurring in seedling stage is that seed rots, particularly occur in seed sprouting to seedling 1～3.5cm period, main cause is to water in the situation of dilutional hyponatremia or water logging, and seed occurs anaerobic respiration and occurs seed to poison and rot; Prophylactico-therapeutic measures is to water to observe the regulation of water management;
4.4 fertilizing managements: for the little nutritive cube of growing seedlings for field, when seedling height 12～20cm, base portion needle there will be withered and yellow phenomenon, need fertilising, method is every 2～3 days, spray in the morning or at dusk the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mass percent concentration 0.2%, until base portion needle turns green; For the little nutritive cube of nursing young plants in hothouses, when seedling is higher than being greater than 14～22cm, base portion needle there will be withered and yellow phenomenon, every 2～3d, sprays in the morning or at dusk the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mass percent concentration 0.2%, until base portion needle turns green; For large nutritive cube, do not exist base portion needle to occur withered and yellow problem; Although Italian lycopod is barren-resistant, because growth of seedling speed is fast, when less feeding block seedlings raising, there will be underfed phenomenon, need to supplement fertilizer;
4.5 seedling hardiness exercises: grow seedlings for field, when height of seedling reaches 5～10cm, every 8～15d, at 8 a.m., between at 7 in afternoon, remove sunshade net, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1～2h, when height of seedling is greater than 8.5cm, remove the sunshade net at top, greenhouse completely; For nursing young plants in hothouses, at height of seedling, reach 6～8cm, 8 of every mornings to the sunshade net of removing top, greenhouse between at 7 in afternoon, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1～2h, when height of seedling is greater than 8cm, remove the sunshade net at top, greenhouse completely, reduce and water the water yield simultaneously, seedling degree of lignification is improved, be conducive to survive the winter;
5. the statistics of emerging
In last ten-days period in November then, emergence rate and seedling length to be added up, emergence rate can reach 78～92%, seedling height 10～22cm.
The invention solves current Italian lycopod without the technical barrier of ripe container seed seedling-raising method, the present invention is that Italian lycopod is successfully introduced a fine variety and lays a good foundation in the husky district of NORTHWEST CHINA.The present invention is by field and the experiment of nursing young plants in hothouses, and emergence rate can reach 79～92%, seedling height 10～22cm.The height of emergence rate and seedling height and sowing time and the environment of growing seedlings are relevant.So, if Italian lycopod artificial cultivation technique is at the husky district of NORTHWEST CHINA spread, both can utilize a large amount of idle sand ground in husky district, can protect again the ecotope of Desert Regions, increase husky district peasant's income simultaneously.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. seed is introduced and seed treatment
1.1 seeds are introduced
2012
8month, by the mode of buying, through customs quarantine control, from France, introduce the Italian lycopod 45kg of mature and plump then.Thousand grain weigth is 641.4g, water content: 3.66%
.
1.2 seed treatment
1.2.1 seed storage: Italian lycopod seed is contained in cotton bag and is stored, and storage period avoids sootiness, the plague of rats, insect pest, water wet etc.; Room temperature remains on 13～30 ℃, relative moisture <30%.
1.2.2 seed disinfection: on November 28th, 2012, the Italian lycopod seed of 5kg is fully immersed in to the HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
215min in reagent, takes out, and with distilled water, repeatedly rinses 5 times.
1.2.3 presprouting of seeds
On November 28th, 2012, by sterile seed storage, in cellar, the raw botanical garden of Gansu Province Zhisha Research Institute Minqin desert, on April 25th, 2013 takes out, germination rate 95.6%
.concrete storage method: on November 27th, 2012, the moistening sand of bedding 20cm thickness in cellar, is laid in the seed that will sow for 2013 on sand, and the surface of the seed covers moistening sand thickness 20cm, then covers with straw screen or mat; On November 28th, 2012, between 25 days April in 2013, on every fine date, open ground entrance of cellar noon and breathe freely, accept sunlight; At storage period, if there is sand, become dry, water spray makes its maintenance moistening; During presprouting of seeds, keep 5～25 ℃ of sand temperature, water content 4.5～6.8%.Sand particle diameter: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%;
2. the selection of soil configuration and nutritive cube
2.1 soil configurations: the configuration of soil is according to " upper husky lower sticky type " principle, on April 18th, 2013, from the ground, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica nursery at the age of tree sand control station, Minqin of 25 years, take loosening the soil of 0～50cm, Nutrition Soil as nutritive cube bottom, and the sand of preparing good air permeability is as soil for nutritive cube upper strata, sand particle diameter: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%.
2.2 soil disinfections: on April 21st, 2013, will loosen the soil and ferrous sulfate grind up powder, and mix according to the ratio of 5:1, mixture must loosen the soil; Sand also mixes according to same ratio with ferrous sulfate grind up powder, obtains sand mixture; Fill soil with after planting, thereby by watering, reaching the object of soil disinfection.
The selection of 2.3 nutritive cubes and dress soil
On April 24th, 2012, select the black nutritive alms bowl that specification is 14 * 17cm, at the bottom of nutritive cube pad one deck newspaper, in case leak-stopping soil or leak is contained in the mixture that loosens the soil the bottom of nutritive cube, until from the surperficial 5cm of nutritive cube; Then on the mixture that loosens the soil, spread the sand mixture of 3cm, sow waiting.
3 sowing time and type of seeding
3.1 sowing time: on April 25th, 2013
3.2 types of seeding: on April 25th, 2013 by the seed bud of having urged bud towards upper seeding wheel on nutritive cube sand mixture, then cover the sand of 2cm thickness in the above, sand particle diameter: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%; Nutritive cube is placed on the seedling culture frame of Gansu Province Zhisha Research Institute seedling cultivation greenhouse, waters permeablely, water the water yield and just keep nutritive cube completely drenched, finally at greenhouse roof covered with sunshade net.
4. seedling management
4.1 weedings: on June 5th, 2013, weeding for the first time, height of seedling 5.9cm; On July 26th, 2013, weeding for the second time, height of seedling 9.6cm; On September 25th, 2013, weeding for the third time, height of seedling 14.3cm; Weeding must be cut off from root.
4.2 water management: start on April 28th, 2013, every 1d sooner or later each water spray once, keep Shamian Island moistening, water spraying time 0.5h, after on June 7th, 2013 part, every 3d, each water spray once, keeps Shamian Island moistening sooner or later, each water spraying time extends to 1h; Water spray after 8 before 8 of mornings or at dusk.
4.3 prevention of damage by diseases: on April 25th, 2013, observed every day in greenhouse between May 15, find to have in nutritive cube ponding, in time unnecessary moisture are disposed.
4.4 fertilizing managements: because the nutritive cube specification adopting is diameter 14cm, height 17cm, until do not occur lacking the phenomenon of fertilizer in November, 2013.
4.5 seedling hardiness exercises: on June 19th, 2013, height of seedling reached 6.5cm, therefore rose June 19, every 2～3d, removes sunshade net 2 hours in the afternoon between 2 o'clock to 4 o'clock; July 2, height of seedling 8.1cm, removes sunshade net completely.
5 statistics of emerging
On November 25th, 2013, emergence rate and seedling degree to be added up, emergence rate reaches 88.46%, seedling height 18.94cm.
Embodiment 2
1. seed is introduced and seed treatment
1.1 seeds are introduced, and use the seed of introducing for 2012 8
.
1.2 seed treatment, each step is with embodiment 1.
2. the selection of soil configuration and nutritive cube
2.1 soil configurations: with embodiment 1.
2.2 soil disinfections: with embodiment 1.
2.3 nutritive cubes are selected and dress soil
On April 25th, 2012, select the black nutritive alms bowl that specification is 10 * 10cm, the mixture that loosens the soil is contained in to the bottom of nutritive cube, until from nutritive cube surface 4cm; Then on the mixture that loosens the soil, spread the sand mixture of 2cm, sow waiting.
3 sowing time and type of seeding
3.1 sowing time: on April 26th, 2013
3.2 types of seeding: on April 26th, 2013 by the seed bud of having urged bud towards upper seeding wheel on nutritive cube sand mixture, all the other are with embodiment 1.
4. seedling management
4.1 weedings: on June 8th, 2013, weeding for the first time, height of seedling 5.2cm; On July 18th, 2013, weeding for the second time, height of seedling 7.6cm; On September 25th, 2013, weeding for the third time, height of seedling 11.3cm; Weeding is cut off from root.
4.2 water managements: on April 30th, 2013 starts, every 2d, each is sprayed water once sooner or later, keep Shamian Island moistening, water spraying time 0.5h, after 25 parts of June in 2013, every 3d, sooner or later each water spray once, keep Shamian Island moistening, each water spraying time extends to 1h, before 8 of mornings or at dusk water spray after 8.
4.3 prevention of damage by diseases: on April 26th, 2013, observed every day in greenhouse between May 28, find to have in nutritive cube ponding, in time unnecessary moisture are disposed.
4.4 fertilizing managements: because the nutritive cube specification adopting is diameter 10cm, height 10cm, the specification of nutritive cube is less, and in ten days on October 31st, 2013, the seedling of height 14.1cm starts the phenomenon that occurs that base portion is withered and yellow, since October 31 in 2013, every 3d, after at 8 in evening, adopting mass percent concentration is that 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliage-spray, until November 21, the withered and yellow phenomenon of base portion is eliminated completely, stops fertilising.
4.5 seedling hardiness exercises: on June 15th, 2013, height of seedling reached 6.1cm, therefore on June 15th, 2013, June 28, July 8, July 16, July 26,3 remove sunshade net 2 hours in the afternoon; August 15, height of seedling 8.5cm, removes sunshade net completely and removes sunshade net completely.
5. the statistics of emerging
On November 25th, 2013, emergence rate and seedling degree to be added up, emergence rate reaches 78.03%, seedling height 15.58cm.
Embodiment 3
1. seed is introduced and seed treatment
1.1 seeds are introduced
Use the seed of introducing for 2012 8
.
1.2 seed treatment, each step is with embodiment 1.
2. the selection of soil configuration and nutritive cube
2.1 soil configurations: with embodiment 1
2.2 soil disinfections: with embodiment 1
The selection of 2.3 nutritive cubes and dress soil
On April 25th, 2012, select the black nutritive alms bowl that specification is 14 * 17cm, at the bottom of nutritive cube pad one deck newspaper, in case leak-stopping soil or leak is contained in the mixture that loosens the soil the bottom of nutritive cube, until from the surperficial 5cm of nutritive cube; Then on the mixture that loosens the soil, spread the sand mixture of 3cm, sow waiting.
3 sowing time and type of seeding
3.1 sowing time: on April 26th, 2013
3.2 types of seeding: on April 26th, 2013 by the seed bud of having urged bud towards upper seeding wheel on nutritive cube sand mixture, cover husky 2cm above, being placed in advance ready-made field grows seedlings in hole, nutritive cube fills up soil around, compacting, then water permeablely, water the water yield and just keep nutritive cube drenched, then build sunshade net.
4. seedling management
4.1 weedings: on June 10th, 2013, weeding for the first time, height of seedling 5.7cm; On July 20th, 2013, weeding for the second time, height of seedling 8.3cm; On September 22nd, 2013, weeding for the third time, height of seedling 13.1cm; Weeding is cut off from root.
4.2 water management: start on April 30th, 2013, often each water spray once, keeps Shamian Island moistening sooner or later every other day, after 2 days July in 2013, adopts the mode of broad irrigation, every 6d, before 8 of mornings or sooner or later respectively water once after 8 at dusk.
4.3 prevention of damage by diseases: on April 26th, 2013 is between May 23, observe every day to the grow seedlings nutritive cube in hole of field, and finding has ponding in indivedual nutritive cubes, in time unnecessary moisture is disposed.
4.4 fertilizing managements: without lacking fertilizer phenomenon.
4.5 seedling hardiness exercises: on June 15th, 2013, height of seedling reached 6.0cm, remove sunshade net 2 hours between June 15, June 28, July 8, July 16,2 pm to 4 July 24; September 15, height of seedling reaches 12.4cm, removes sunshade net completely.
5. the statistics of emerging
On November 25th, 2013, emergence rate and seedling length to be added up, emergence rate can reach 91.02%, seedling height 17.71cm.
Embodiment 4
1. seed is introduced and seed treatment
1.1 seeds are introduced, with embodiment 3.
1.2 seed treatment
1.2.1 seed storage: with embodiment 1.
1.2.2 seed disinfection: on December 28th, 2012, by the Italian lycopod seed of 5kg at the HgCl that is fully immersed in mass percent concentration 0.1%
215min in reagent, then takes out with distilled water and repeatedly rinses 5 times.
1.2.3 presprouting of seeds: on December 28th, 2012, in the cellar, Minqin desert botanical garden of Gansu Province Zhisha Research Institute, on June 25th, 2013 takes out, germination rate 98.6% by sterile seed storage.Concrete storage method: on December 27th, 2012, the moistening sand of bedding 20cm thickness in cellar, is laid in the seed that will sow for 2013 on sand, and the surface of the seed covers moistening sand thickness 20cm, then covers with straw screen or mat; On December 28th, 2012, between 22 days June in 2013, on every fine date, open ground entrance of cellar noon and breathe freely, accept sunlight; At storage period, if there is sand, become dry, water spray keeps moistening period; During presprouting of seeds, keep 5～25 ℃ of sand temperature, water content 4.5～6.8%.Sand particle diameter: with embodiment 1.
2. the selection of soil configuration and nutritive cube
2.1 soil configurations: on June 23 2013 time, all the other are with embodiment 1.
2.2 soil disinfections: on June 23 2013 time, all the other are with embodiment 1.
The selection of 2.3 nutritive cubes and dress soil
On June 24 2012 time, all the other are with embodiment 1.
3 sowing time and type of seeding
3.1 sowing time: on June 25th, 2013.
3.2 types of seeding: on May 25 2013 time, all the other are with embodiment 3.
4. seedling management
4.1 weedings: on July 30th, 2013, weeding for the first time, height of seedling 4.0cm; On September 12nd, 2013, weeding for the second time, height of seedling 7.1cm; On November 18th, 2013, weeding for the third time, height of seedling 10.1cm; Weeding is cut off from root.
4.2 water managements: start on June 28th, 2013, every day, each water spray once, kept Shamian Island moistening sooner or later, after 31 days Augusts in 2013, adopted the mode of broad irrigation every 6d, before 8 of mornings or sooner or later respectively water once after 8 at dusk.
4.3 prevention of damage by diseases: on June 25th, 2013 is between July 28, observe every day to the grow seedlings nutritive cube in hole of field, and finding has ponding in indivedual nutritive cubes, in time unnecessary moisture is disposed.
4.4 fertilizing managements: without lacking fertilizer phenomenon, do not apply fertilizer.
4.5 seedling hardiness exercises: on August 15th, 2013 height of seedling 5.0cm, between August 15, August 30, September 7 and 2 pm to 4 September 15 or 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock afternoon, remove sunshade net 2 hours; October 25, height of seedling 8.8cm, removed sunshade net completely;
5 statistics of emerging
On November 25th, 2013, emergence rate and seedling degree to be added up, emergence rate can reach 82.65%, seedling height 10.40cm.Embodiment 4 late two months than the sowing time of embodiment 3.
Claims (2)
1. an Italian lycopod seed receptacle seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that comprising seed introduction and seed treatment, soil configuration and nutritive cube selection, sowing time and type of seeding, nursery stage management and the statistics of emerging, and concrete steps comprise:
A. seed is introduced and seed treatment
A.1 seed is introduced
By the mode of buying, through customs quarantine control, from the external introduction Italian lycopod seed of mature and plump then;
A.2 seed treatment
A.2.1 seed room storage: Italian lycopod seed is contained in cotton bag and is stored, and storage period avoids sootiness, the plague of rats, insect pest and water wet etc.; 13～30 ℃ of storage room temperatures, relative moisture <30%;
A.2.2 seed disinfection: need prior to seeding to carry out seed disinfection processing; Seed disinfection processing method is seed to be inserted to the HgCl of mass percent concentration 0.1%
2in reagent, soak 15min and take out, with distilled water, repeatedly rinse 3～5 times, wash away the residual HgCl of the surface of the seed
2solution;
A.2.3 presprouting of seeds
Sterile seed was placed in cellar November or the December of sowing the previous year, moistening sand at the ground surface bedding 20cm of cellar thickness, the seed that will sow next year is laid on sand, the moistening sand of the surface of the seed cladding thickness 20～30cm, then with Nylon Bag or straw screen or mat, cover and reach the ventilative object of moisturizing, 5～25 ℃ of moistening sand temperature, water content 4.5～6.8%; In the winter time the fine date, open the ventilative sunlight of accepting of ground entrance of cellar noon; During presprouting of seeds, keep 5～25 ℃ of sand temperature, water content 4.5～6.8%; To Second Year mid-April, seed germination rate can reach 96.00%, and the seed that bud length is surpassed to 2mm takes out, in order to sowing; Cellar specification: degree of depth 5m, area: 4m * 6m, ground entrance of cellar 1m * 1.5m; Sand particle diameter: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%;
B. the selection of soil configuration and nutritive cube
B.1 soil configuration: " upper husky lower sticky type " principle is taked in the configuration of soil; Be the sand that the larger good permeability of particle diameter is selected on upper strata, sand particle diameter is: clay 3～5%, and powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%, nutritious loosening the soil selected by lower floor, and loosening the soil is that the age of tree is the soil of 25 years pinus sylvestris var. mongolica root 0～50cm;
B.2 soil disinfection: adopt ferrous sulfate sterilization; According to loosening the soil: the ratio that ferrous sulfate is 5:1 mixes both, the sieve of the aperture 1mm mixture that must loosen the soil for grind up powder; According to sand: the ratio that ferrous sulfate is 5:1 mixes both, and grind up powder obtains sand mixture by the sieve of aperture 1mm; When dress soil is with after planting, water the permeable object that reaches sterilization;
B.3 the selection of nutritive cube and dress soil
Before dress soil, at nutritive cube bottom pad one deck newspaper, then the mixture that loosens the soil is contained in to the bottom of nutritive cube, until from nutritive cube upper surface 5cm, then lay the sand mixture of 3cm thickness on the mixture that loosens the soil; Be nutritive cube lower floor for loosening the soil, upper strata is the sand of 2～3cm thickness, sows waiting; For Italian lycopod, seed is larger, fast growth, and the general nutritive cube of larger specification that adopts is advisable, and then guarantees that the growth of seedling later stage can not lack fertilizer;
C. sowing time and type of seeding:
C.1 sowing time: Italian lycopod is evergreen species, as long as soil temperature is applicable to seed germination, all can sow, the preference temperature of seed germination is 18～22 ℃, in In Minqin Region in late April to all sowing by the end of June;
C.2 type of seeding: by the seed bud of having urged bud towards upper seeding wheel on nutritive cube sand mixture, cover the sand of 2cm thickness above, sand particle diameter: clay 3～5%, powder 20～25%, fine grained sand 60～65%, xalsonte 10～15%; Employing is nursed young plants in hothouses or grow seedlings in field; Nursing young plants in hothouses is that nutritive cube is placed on the seedling culture frame of seedling cultivation greenhouse, then waters, then at top, greenhouse covered with sunshade net; Growing seedlings in field is nutritive cube to be placed in advance to ready-made field grow seedlings in hole, and nutritive cube fills up soil, compacting around, then waters, and builds sunshade net; Water the water yield as long as keep nutritive cube drenched;
D. seedling management
D.1 weeding: start weeding for the first time after all sprouting at the left and right of 40d after planting, seedling; About height of seedling 4～7cm; After planting 80d left and right weeding for the second time, approximately height of seedling 6～13cm; After planting 150d left and right weeding for the third time, approximately height of seedling 10～21cm; Weeding is cut off from root, must guard against injury seedlings root;
D.2 water management: before height of seedling 6cm, take the principle of " on a small quantity repeatedly ", keep Shamian Island moistening, do not occur that nutritive cube ponding is advisable, the mode of watering is water spray; Seedling height is greater than after 6cm, for field, grows seedlings, and reduce the number of times watering, and increases and waters the water yield, can take the mode of broad irrigation, within 2～3 days, waters 1 time; For nursing young plants in hothouses, still adopt the mode of watering of water spray, not occur that Shamian Island becomes dry, be advisable; The time of watering is generally in the morning of cloudy day or fine day or the dusk of fine day;
D.3 prevention of damage by disease: for Italian lycopod, the disease the most easily occurring in seedling stage is that seed rots, mainly occurs in seed sprouting to seedling 1～3.5cm period, and prophylactico-therapeutic measures is to water to observe the regulation of water management;
D.4 fertilizing management: for the little nutritive cube of growing seedlings for field, when seedling height 14～22cm, base portion needle there will be withered and yellow phenomenon, need fertilising, method is every 2～3 days, spray in the morning or at dusk the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mass percent concentration 0.2%, until base portion needle turns green; For the little nutritive cube of nursing young plants in hothouses, when seedling is higher than being greater than 12～20cm, base portion needle there will be withered and yellow phenomenon, every 2～3d, sprays in the morning or at dusk the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mass percent concentration 0.2%, until base portion needle turns green;
D.5 seedling hardiness exercise: grow seedlings for field, when height of seedling reaches 5～10cm, every 8～15d, at 8 a.m., between at 7 in afternoon, remove sunshade net, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1～2h, when height of seedling is greater than 8.5cm, remove the sunshade net at top, greenhouse completely; For nursing young plants in hothouses, at height of seedling, reach 6～8cm, 8 of every mornings, to the sunshade net of removing top, greenhouse between at 7 in afternoon, allow seedling accept intense light irradiation 1～2h, when height of seedling is greater than 8cm, remove the sunshade net at top, greenhouse completely, reduce and water the water yield simultaneously;
E. the statistics of emerging
In November then, survival rate of seedlings and seedling length are added up.
2. a kind of Italian lycopod seed receptacle seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step a.1 seed introduction is to introduce the Italian lycopod seed 45kg of mature and plump then from France; Thousand grain weigth is 641.4g, water content: 3.66%.
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| KR20120117289A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-24 | 송경섭 | Inhibition of weed growth using birds and the weed growth inhibition method of shoot growth of birds |
| CN103190260A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-10 | 林云 | White bark pine seedling method |
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| CN103283476A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-11 | 北京林业大学 | Slow release fertilizer seedling culture method for Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings |
| US20130266410A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-10-10 | Cecil Holt | Pine cone collection device |
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| KR20120117289A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-24 | 송경섭 | Inhibition of weed growth using birds and the weed growth inhibition method of shoot growth of birds |
| US20130266410A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-10-10 | Cecil Holt | Pine cone collection device |
| CN103190260A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-10 | 林云 | White bark pine seedling method |
| CN103229647A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-08-07 | 汉中亨泰生物科技有限公司 | Method for propagating Taxus madia nursery stocks |
| CN103283476A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-11 | 北京林业大学 | Slow release fertilizer seedling culture method for Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings |
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